3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
136 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
137 CvOWNER(GvCV(gv)) = 0;
138 if (!CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv))) {
139 New(666, CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)), 1, perl_mutex);
140 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)));
142 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
144 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
151 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
167 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
169 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
170 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
171 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
173 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
174 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
175 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
176 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
178 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
179 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
180 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
181 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
182 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
188 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
196 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
198 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
199 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
203 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
204 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
205 name, HvNAME(stash));
207 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
209 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
214 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
215 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
216 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
217 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
218 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
220 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
222 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
225 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
226 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
229 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
230 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
232 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
233 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
234 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
235 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
237 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
241 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
242 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
243 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
244 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
245 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
246 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
247 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
248 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
249 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
250 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
256 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
257 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
258 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
261 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
263 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
264 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_MISC, "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
265 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
268 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
269 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
275 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
277 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
280 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
281 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
282 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
286 * Cache method in topgv if:
287 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
288 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
291 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
293 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
295 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
297 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
298 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
302 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
303 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
304 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
313 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
315 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
321 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
323 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
327 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
329 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
330 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
331 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
334 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
335 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
336 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
337 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
338 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
340 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
341 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
342 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
343 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
344 created via a side effect to do this.
346 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
347 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
348 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
349 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
355 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
357 register const char *nend;
358 const char *nsplit = 0;
361 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
364 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
368 const char *origname = name;
372 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
373 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
374 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
375 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
376 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
377 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
378 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
379 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
382 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
383 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
386 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
388 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
389 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
391 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
395 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
403 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
406 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
407 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
417 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
419 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
420 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
428 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
429 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
431 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
435 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
439 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
441 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && !method &&
442 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
443 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED,
444 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
445 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
447 #ifndef USE_5005THREADS
449 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
450 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
451 * and split that value on the last '::',
452 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
455 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
462 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
463 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
464 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
465 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
467 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
468 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
471 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
472 sv_lock((SV *)varstash);
475 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
478 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
481 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
482 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
483 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
484 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
488 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
489 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
492 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
494 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
496 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
500 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
501 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
502 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
505 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
506 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
507 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
512 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
514 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
515 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
516 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
517 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
523 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
525 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
529 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
536 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
539 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
540 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
541 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
542 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
543 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
544 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
545 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
550 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
553 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
558 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
560 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
561 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
567 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
572 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
577 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
579 register const char *name = nambeg;
583 register const char *namend;
586 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
589 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
590 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
591 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
595 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
603 if (len + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
606 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
607 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
611 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
612 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
613 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
614 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
615 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
619 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
621 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
624 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
625 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
628 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
636 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
643 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
646 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
649 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
650 if (*name == 'S' && (
651 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
652 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
653 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
654 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
656 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
658 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
660 else if (*name == 'A' && (
661 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
662 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
665 else if (*name == '_' && (!name[1] || strEQ(name,"__ANON__")))
670 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
672 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
673 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
674 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
675 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
676 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
677 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
679 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
681 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
682 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
686 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
687 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
688 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
690 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
691 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
692 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
695 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
701 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
707 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
711 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
712 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
713 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
714 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
715 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
717 stash = PL_nullstash;
723 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
726 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
727 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
730 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
733 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
734 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
738 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
742 /* Adding a new symbol */
744 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
745 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL, "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
746 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
747 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
749 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
750 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
753 /* set up magic where warranted */
756 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
757 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
761 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
765 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
768 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
769 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
770 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
771 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
774 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
775 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
776 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
777 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
778 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
779 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
780 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
781 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
782 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
783 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
788 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
791 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
795 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
799 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
800 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
801 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
805 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
806 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
808 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
810 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
818 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
827 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
828 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
829 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
830 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
833 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
839 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
845 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
846 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
854 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
855 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
856 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
857 now (rather than going to magicalize)
860 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
862 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
871 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
877 if (ckWARN(WARN_DEPRECATED) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
878 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_DEPRECATED, "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
893 case '\001': /* $^A */
894 case '\003': /* $^C */
895 case '\004': /* $^D */
896 case '\006': /* $^F */
897 case '\010': /* $^H */
898 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
899 case '\016': /* $^N */
900 case '\020': /* $^P */
907 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
909 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
910 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
914 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
915 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
918 case '\023': /* $^S */
922 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
925 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
929 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
930 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
931 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
940 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
953 /* ensures variable is only digits */
954 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
955 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
958 const char *end = name + len;
959 while (--end > name) {
960 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
965 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
967 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
970 case '\014': /* $^L */
973 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
974 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
979 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
984 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
985 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
986 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
992 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
993 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
998 case '\026': /* $^V */
1001 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1010 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1012 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1017 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1018 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1019 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1020 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1022 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1026 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1028 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1033 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1034 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1035 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1036 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1040 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1042 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1045 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1049 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1051 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1054 gv_fullname3(sv, egv, prefix);
1057 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1059 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1061 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1064 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1066 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1068 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1077 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1078 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1081 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1082 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1083 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1084 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1085 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1090 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1097 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1099 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1100 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1101 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1102 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1104 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1105 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1107 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1109 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1110 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1113 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1114 * module, don't bother warning */
1116 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1117 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1118 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1120 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1122 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1126 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1128 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1130 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1132 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_ONCE,
1133 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1134 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1141 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1143 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1147 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1150 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1157 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1158 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1163 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1164 PL_sub_generation++;
1171 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1175 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1177 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1178 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1179 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INTERNAL,
1180 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1184 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1185 PL_sub_generation++;
1187 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1188 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1193 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1194 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1195 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1196 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1197 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1198 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1204 #if defined(CRIPPLED_CC) && (defined(iAPX286) || defined(M_I286) || defined(I80286))
1208 #ifdef MICROPORT /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1212 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_av)
1213 return GvGP(gv)->gp_av;
1215 return GvGP(gv_AVadd(gv))->gp_av;
1221 if (GvGP(gv)->gp_hv)
1222 return GvGP(gv)->gp_hv;
1224 return GvGP(gv_HVadd(gv))->gp_hv;
1226 #endif /* Microport 2.4 hack */
1229 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1231 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1232 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1234 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1235 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1237 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1238 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1245 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1248 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1252 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1253 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1256 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1257 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1258 return AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1259 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1261 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1264 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1265 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1266 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1270 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1274 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1276 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1277 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1282 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1283 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1284 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1286 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1288 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1289 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1290 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1291 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1292 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1293 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1294 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1296 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1297 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1298 /* don't fill the cache while looking up! */
1299 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, cooky, l, -1);
1301 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1302 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1303 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1304 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1307 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1308 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1309 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1310 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1313 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1315 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1316 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1319 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1320 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1323 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1325 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1326 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1327 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1329 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1332 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1335 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1337 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1338 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1339 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1343 /* Here we have no table: */
1345 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1346 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1347 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1353 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1360 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1364 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1366 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1367 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1368 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1370 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp))
1371 return amtp->table[id];
1377 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1381 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1382 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1383 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1384 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1389 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1390 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1391 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1392 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1393 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1395 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1396 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1402 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1403 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1405 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1408 /* look for substituted methods */
1409 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1413 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1414 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1415 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1420 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1421 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1422 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1426 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1429 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1432 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1435 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1436 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1437 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1443 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1446 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1447 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1449 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1450 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1452 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1453 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1454 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1460 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1461 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1462 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1464 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1465 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1466 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1468 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1469 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1470 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1473 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1484 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1486 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1491 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1493 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1501 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1506 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1507 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1508 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1509 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1510 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1511 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1513 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1516 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1517 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1518 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1519 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1520 /* We look for substitution for
1521 * comparison operations and
1523 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1524 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1525 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1535 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1542 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1544 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1549 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1557 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1560 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1561 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1562 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1563 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1566 if (off==-1) off=method;
1567 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1568 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1569 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1570 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1572 "in overloaded package ":
1573 "has no overloaded magic",
1575 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1578 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1581 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1583 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1585 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1586 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1588 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1592 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1597 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1598 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1600 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1602 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1603 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1604 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1605 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1606 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1607 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1608 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1609 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1612 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1613 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1614 * version of copy operator
1616 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1617 * a) Assignment form was called.
1618 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1619 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1620 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1621 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1622 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1624 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1625 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1627 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1628 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1631 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1632 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1634 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1635 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1642 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1645 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1646 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1647 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1648 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1650 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1653 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1654 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1655 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1659 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1660 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1661 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1662 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1664 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1669 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1677 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1684 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1687 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1690 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1693 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1696 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1699 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1702 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1704 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1707 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1709 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1711 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1719 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1721 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1723 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1724 created even in rvalue contexts.
1726 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1727 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1732 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1739 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1743 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1747 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1750 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1752 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\027PEN")))
1757 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1759 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1760 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1792 case '\001': /* $^A */
1793 case '\003': /* $^C */
1794 case '\004': /* $^D */
1795 case '\005': /* $^E */
1796 case '\006': /* $^F */
1797 case '\010': /* $^H */
1798 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1799 case '\014': /* $^L */
1800 case '\016': /* $^N */
1801 case '\020': /* $^P */
1802 case '\023': /* $^S */
1803 case '\026': /* $^V */
1807 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1808 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1821 char *end = name + len;
1822 while (--end > name) {