3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
29 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
31 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
32 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
39 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
41 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
42 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
49 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
51 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
52 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
54 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
56 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
65 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
75 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
76 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
79 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
80 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
83 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
84 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
86 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
87 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
89 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
91 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
97 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
100 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
101 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
103 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
112 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
113 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
114 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
115 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
116 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
119 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
120 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
121 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
123 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
125 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
128 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
129 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
130 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
135 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
136 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
138 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
145 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
161 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
163 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
164 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
165 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
167 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
168 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
169 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
170 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
172 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
173 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
174 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
175 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
176 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
182 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
190 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
192 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
193 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
197 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
198 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
199 name, HvNAME(stash));
201 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
203 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
208 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
209 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
210 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
211 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
212 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
214 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
216 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
219 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
220 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
223 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
224 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
226 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
227 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
228 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
229 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
231 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
235 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
236 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
237 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
238 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
239 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
240 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
241 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
242 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
243 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
244 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
250 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
251 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
252 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
255 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
257 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
258 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
262 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
263 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
269 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
271 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
274 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
275 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
276 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
280 * Cache method in topgv if:
281 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
282 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
285 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
287 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
289 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
291 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
292 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
296 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
297 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
298 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
307 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
309 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
310 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
312 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
313 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
314 of the result may be zero.
320 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
322 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
325 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
326 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
331 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
332 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
334 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
337 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
339 /* Have an autoload */
340 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
341 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
342 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
351 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
353 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
359 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
361 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
365 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
367 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
368 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
369 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
372 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
373 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
374 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
375 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
376 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
378 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
379 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
380 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
381 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
382 created via a side effect to do this.
384 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
385 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
386 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
387 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
393 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
395 register const char *nend;
396 const char *nsplit = 0;
400 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
403 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
406 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
410 const char *origname = name;
414 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
415 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
416 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
417 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
418 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
419 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
420 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
421 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
424 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
425 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
427 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
428 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
429 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
430 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
431 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
432 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
437 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
439 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
440 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
442 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
446 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
454 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
457 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
458 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
468 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
470 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
471 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
479 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
482 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
483 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
487 packname = HvNAME(stash);
490 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
494 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
498 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
500 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
501 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
502 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
503 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
504 packname, (int)len, name);
507 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
508 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
509 * and split that value on the last '::',
510 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
513 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
519 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
520 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
521 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
522 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
524 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
525 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
529 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
532 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
533 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
534 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
535 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
539 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
540 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
543 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
545 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
547 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
551 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
552 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
553 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
556 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
557 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
558 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
563 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
565 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
566 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
567 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
568 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
574 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
576 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
580 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
587 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
590 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
591 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
592 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
593 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
594 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
595 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
596 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
601 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
604 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
609 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
611 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
612 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
618 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
623 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
628 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
630 register const char *name = nambeg;
634 register const char *namend;
637 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
640 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
641 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
642 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
646 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
654 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
657 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
658 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
662 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
663 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
664 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
665 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
666 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
670 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
672 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
675 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
676 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
679 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
687 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
694 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
697 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
700 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
701 if (*name == 'S' && (
702 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
703 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
704 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
705 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
707 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
709 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
711 else if (*name == 'A' && (
712 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
713 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
716 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
721 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
723 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
724 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
727 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
728 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
730 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
732 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
733 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
737 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
738 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
739 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
741 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
742 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
743 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
746 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
752 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
758 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
762 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
763 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
764 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
765 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
766 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
768 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
774 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
777 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
778 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
781 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
784 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
785 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
789 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
793 /* Adding a new symbol */
795 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
796 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
797 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
798 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
800 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
801 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
804 /* set up magic where warranted */
807 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
808 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
812 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
816 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
819 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
820 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
821 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
822 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
825 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
826 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
827 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
828 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
829 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
830 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
831 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
832 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
833 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
834 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
839 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
842 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
846 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
850 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
851 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
852 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
856 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
857 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
859 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
861 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
869 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
878 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
879 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
880 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
881 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
884 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
890 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
896 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
897 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
905 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
906 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
907 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
908 now (rather than going to magicalize)
911 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
913 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
922 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
928 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
929 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
944 case '\001': /* $^A */
945 case '\003': /* $^C */
946 case '\004': /* $^D */
947 case '\006': /* $^F */
948 case '\010': /* $^H */
949 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
950 case '\016': /* $^N */
951 case '\020': /* $^P */
958 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
960 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
961 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
965 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
966 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
969 case '\023': /* $^S */
973 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
976 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
981 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
985 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
987 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
997 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1010 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1011 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1012 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1015 const char *end = name + len;
1016 while (--end > name) {
1017 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1022 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1024 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1027 case '\014': /* $^L */
1030 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1031 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1036 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1041 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1042 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1043 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1049 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1050 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1055 case '\026': /* $^V */
1058 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1067 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1069 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1074 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1075 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1076 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1077 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1079 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1083 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1085 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1089 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1091 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1094 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1098 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1100 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1103 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1105 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1107 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1110 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1112 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1114 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1123 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1124 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1127 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1129 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1130 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1131 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1132 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1133 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1134 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1139 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1146 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1148 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1149 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1150 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1151 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1153 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1154 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1156 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1158 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1159 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1162 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1163 * module, don't bother warning */
1165 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1166 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1167 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1169 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1171 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1175 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1177 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1179 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1181 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1182 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1183 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1190 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1192 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1196 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1199 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1206 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1207 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1212 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1213 PL_sub_generation++;
1220 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1224 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1226 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1227 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1228 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1229 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1233 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1234 PL_sub_generation++;
1236 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1237 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1242 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1243 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1244 if(gp->gp_hv && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv) && PL_stashcache)
1245 hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)), G_DISCARD);
1246 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1247 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1248 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1249 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1256 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1258 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1259 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1261 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1262 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1264 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1265 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1272 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1275 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1279 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1280 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1283 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1284 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1285 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1286 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1288 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1291 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1292 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1293 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1297 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1301 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1303 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1304 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1309 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1310 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1311 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1313 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1315 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1316 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1317 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1318 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1319 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1320 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1321 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1323 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1324 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1325 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1326 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1327 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1328 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1329 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1330 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1331 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1332 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1333 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1334 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1335 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1337 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1338 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1339 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1340 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1341 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1342 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1345 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256"SVf"' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1346 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1347 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1348 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1351 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1352 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1353 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1354 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1355 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1357 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1359 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1361 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1362 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1363 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1365 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1367 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1371 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1374 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1376 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1377 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1378 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1382 /* Here we have no table: */
1384 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1385 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1386 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1392 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1400 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1404 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1406 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1407 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1408 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1410 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1411 ret = amtp->table[id];
1412 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1413 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1414 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1415 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1416 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1417 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1430 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1434 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1435 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1436 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1437 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1442 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1443 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1444 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1445 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1446 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1448 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1449 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1455 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1456 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1458 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1461 /* look for substituted methods */
1462 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1466 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1467 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1468 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1473 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1474 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1475 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1479 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1482 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1485 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1488 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1489 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1490 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1496 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1499 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1500 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1502 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1503 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1505 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1506 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1507 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1513 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1514 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1515 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1517 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1518 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1519 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1521 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1522 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1523 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1526 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1537 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1539 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1544 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1546 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1554 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1559 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1560 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1561 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1562 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1563 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1564 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1566 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1569 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1570 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1571 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1572 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1573 /* We look for substitution for
1574 * comparison operations and
1576 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1577 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1578 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1588 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1595 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1597 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1602 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1610 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1613 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1614 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1615 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1616 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1619 if (off==-1) off=method;
1620 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1621 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1622 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1623 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1625 "in overloaded package ":
1626 "has no overloaded magic",
1628 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1631 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1634 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1636 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1638 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1639 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1641 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1645 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1650 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1651 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1653 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1655 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1656 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1657 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1658 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1659 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1660 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1661 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1662 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1665 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1666 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1667 * version of copy operator
1669 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1670 * a) Assignment form was called.
1671 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1672 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1673 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1674 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1675 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1677 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1678 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1680 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1681 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1684 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1685 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1687 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1688 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1695 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1698 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1699 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1700 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1701 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1703 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1706 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1707 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1708 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1712 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1713 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1714 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1715 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1717 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1722 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1730 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1737 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1740 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1743 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1746 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1749 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1752 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1755 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1757 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1760 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1762 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1764 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1772 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1774 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1776 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1777 created even in rvalue contexts.
1779 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1780 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1785 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1792 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1796 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1800 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1803 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1805 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1811 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1813 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1815 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1848 case '\001': /* $^A */
1849 case '\003': /* $^C */
1850 case '\004': /* $^D */
1851 case '\005': /* $^E */
1852 case '\006': /* $^F */
1853 case '\010': /* $^H */
1854 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1855 case '\014': /* $^L */
1856 case '\016': /* $^N */
1857 case '\020': /* $^P */
1858 case '\023': /* $^S */
1859 case '\026': /* $^V */
1863 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1864 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1877 char *end = name + len;
1878 while (--end > name) {