3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
38 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
48 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
58 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
60 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
61 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
63 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
65 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
74 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
84 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
85 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
88 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
89 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
92 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
93 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
95 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
96 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
98 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
100 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
106 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
109 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
110 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
112 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
121 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
122 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
123 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
124 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
125 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
128 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
129 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
130 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
132 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
134 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
137 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
138 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
139 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
144 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
145 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
147 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
154 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
170 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
172 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
173 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
174 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
176 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
177 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
178 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
179 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
181 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
182 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
183 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
184 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
185 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
191 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
199 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
201 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
202 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
208 "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
210 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
211 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
212 name, HvNAME(stash));
214 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
216 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
221 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
222 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
223 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
224 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
225 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
227 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
229 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
232 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
233 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
236 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
237 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
239 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
240 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
241 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
242 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
244 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
248 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
249 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
250 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
251 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
252 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
253 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
254 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
255 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
256 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
257 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
263 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
264 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
265 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
268 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
270 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
271 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
275 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
276 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
282 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
284 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
287 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
288 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
289 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
293 * Cache method in topgv if:
294 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
295 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
298 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
300 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
302 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
304 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
305 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
309 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
310 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
311 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
320 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
322 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
323 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
325 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
326 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
327 of the result may be zero.
333 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
335 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
338 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
339 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
344 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
345 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
347 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
350 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
352 /* Have an autoload */
353 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
354 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
355 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
366 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
372 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
374 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
378 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
380 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
381 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
382 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
385 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
386 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
387 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
388 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
389 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
391 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
392 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
393 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
394 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
395 created via a side effect to do this.
397 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
398 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
399 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
400 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
406 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
408 register const char *nend;
409 const char *nsplit = 0;
413 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
416 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
419 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
423 const char *origname = name;
427 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
428 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
429 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
430 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
431 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
432 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
433 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
434 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
437 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
438 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
440 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
441 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
442 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
443 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
444 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
445 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
450 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
452 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
453 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
455 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
459 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
467 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
470 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
471 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
481 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
483 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
484 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
492 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
495 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
496 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
500 packname = HvNAME(stash);
503 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
507 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
511 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
513 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
514 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
515 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
516 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
517 packname, (int)len, name);
520 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
521 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
522 * and split that value on the last '::',
523 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
526 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
532 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
533 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
534 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
535 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
537 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
538 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
542 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
545 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
546 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
547 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
548 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
552 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
553 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
556 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
558 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
560 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
564 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
565 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
566 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
569 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
570 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
571 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
576 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
578 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
579 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
580 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
581 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
587 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
589 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
593 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
600 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
603 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
604 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
605 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
606 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
607 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
608 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
609 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
614 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
617 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
622 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
624 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
625 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
631 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
636 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
641 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
643 register const char *name = nambeg;
647 register const char *namend;
650 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
653 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
654 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
655 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
659 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
667 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
670 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
671 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
675 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
676 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
677 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
678 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
679 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
683 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
685 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
688 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
689 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
692 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
700 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
705 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
708 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
711 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
712 if (*name == 'S' && (
713 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
714 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
715 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
716 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
718 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
720 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
722 else if (*name == 'A' && (
723 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
724 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
727 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
732 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
734 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
735 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
736 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
737 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
738 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
739 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
740 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
742 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
744 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
745 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
749 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
750 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
751 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
753 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
754 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
755 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
758 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
764 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
770 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
774 register SV *err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
775 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
776 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
777 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
778 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
780 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
783 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
789 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
792 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
793 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
796 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
799 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
800 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
804 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
808 /* Adding a new symbol */
810 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
811 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
812 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
813 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
815 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
816 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
819 /* set up magic where warranted */
822 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
823 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
827 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
831 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
834 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
835 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
836 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
837 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
840 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
841 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
842 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
843 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
844 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
845 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
846 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
847 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
848 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
849 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
854 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
857 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
861 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
865 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
866 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
867 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
871 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
872 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
874 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
876 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
884 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
893 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
894 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
895 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
896 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
899 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
905 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
911 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
912 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
920 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
921 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
922 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
923 now (rather than going to magicalize)
926 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
928 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
937 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
942 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
943 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
944 "$* is no longer supported");
947 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
948 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
949 "Use of $# is deprecated");
964 case '\001': /* $^A */
965 case '\003': /* $^C */
966 case '\004': /* $^D */
967 case '\006': /* $^F */
968 case '\010': /* $^H */
969 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
970 case '\016': /* $^N */
971 case '\020': /* $^P */
978 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
980 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
981 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
985 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
986 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
989 case '\023': /* $^S */
993 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
996 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1001 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
1005 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1007 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
1017 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1030 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1031 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1032 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1035 const char *end = name + len;
1036 while (--end > name) {
1037 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1042 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1044 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1047 case '\014': /* $^L */
1050 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1051 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1056 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1061 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1062 (void *)upg_version(PL_patchlevel);
1063 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1064 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1068 case '\026': /* $^V */
1071 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1072 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1081 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1084 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1089 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1095 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1097 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1099 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1103 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1105 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1109 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1111 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1114 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1118 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1120 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1123 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1125 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1127 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1130 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1132 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1134 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1143 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1144 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1147 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1149 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1150 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1151 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1152 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1153 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1154 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1159 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1166 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1168 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1169 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1170 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1171 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1173 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1174 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1176 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1178 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1179 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1182 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1183 * module, don't bother warning */
1185 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1186 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1187 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1189 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1191 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1195 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1197 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1199 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1201 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1202 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1203 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1210 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1212 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1216 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1219 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1226 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1227 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1232 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1233 PL_sub_generation++;
1240 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1244 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1246 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1247 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1248 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1249 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1250 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1254 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1255 PL_sub_generation++;
1257 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1258 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1263 if (gp->gp_sv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1264 if (gp->gp_av) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1266 if (PL_stashcache && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv))
1267 hv_delete(PL_stashcache,
1268 HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)),
1270 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1272 if (gp->gp_io) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1273 if (gp->gp_cv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1274 if (gp->gp_form) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1281 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1283 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1284 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1286 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1287 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1289 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1290 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1297 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1300 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1304 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1305 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1308 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1309 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1310 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1311 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1313 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1316 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1317 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1318 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1322 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1326 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1328 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1329 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1334 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1335 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1336 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1338 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1340 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1341 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1342 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1343 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1344 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1345 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1346 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1348 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1349 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1350 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1351 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1352 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1353 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1354 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1355 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1356 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1357 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1358 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1359 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1360 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1362 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1363 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1364 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1365 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1366 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1367 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1370 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%"SVf256\
1371 "' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1372 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1373 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1374 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1377 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1378 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1379 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1380 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' "\
1381 "in package `%.256s'",
1382 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1384 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1386 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1388 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1389 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1390 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1392 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1394 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1398 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1401 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1403 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1404 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1405 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1409 /* Here we have no table: */
1411 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1412 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1413 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1419 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1425 if (!stash || !HvNAME(stash))
1427 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1431 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1433 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1434 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1435 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1437 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1438 ret = amtp->table[id];
1439 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1440 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1441 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1442 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1443 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1444 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1457 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1461 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1462 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1463 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1464 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1469 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1470 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1471 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1472 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1473 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1475 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1476 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1482 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1483 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1485 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1488 /* look for substituted methods */
1489 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1493 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1494 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1495 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1500 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1501 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1502 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1506 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1509 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1512 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1515 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1516 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1517 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1523 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1526 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1527 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1529 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1530 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1532 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1533 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1534 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1540 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1541 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1542 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1544 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1545 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1546 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1548 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1549 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1550 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1553 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1564 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1566 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1571 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1573 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1581 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1586 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1587 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1588 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1589 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1590 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1591 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1593 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1596 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1597 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1598 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1599 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1600 /* We look for substitution for
1601 * comparison operations and
1603 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1604 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1605 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1615 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1622 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1624 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1629 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1637 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1640 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1641 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1642 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1643 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1646 if (off==-1) off=method;
1647 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1648 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1649 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1650 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1652 "in overloaded package ":
1653 "has no overloaded magic",
1655 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1658 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1661 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1663 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1665 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1666 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1668 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1672 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1677 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1678 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1680 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1682 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1683 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1684 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1685 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1686 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1687 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1688 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1689 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1692 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1693 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1694 * version of copy operator
1696 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1697 * a) Assignment form was called.
1698 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1699 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1700 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1701 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1702 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1704 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1705 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1707 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1708 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1711 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1712 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1714 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1715 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1722 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1725 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1726 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1727 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1728 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1730 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1733 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1734 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1735 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1739 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1740 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1741 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1742 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1744 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1749 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1757 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1764 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1767 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1770 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1773 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1776 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1779 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1782 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1784 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1787 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1789 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1791 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1799 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1801 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1803 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1804 created even in rvalue contexts.
1806 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1807 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1812 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1819 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1823 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1827 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1830 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1832 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1838 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1840 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1842 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1874 case '\001': /* $^A */
1875 case '\003': /* $^C */
1876 case '\004': /* $^D */
1877 case '\005': /* $^E */
1878 case '\006': /* $^F */
1879 case '\010': /* $^H */
1880 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1881 case '\014': /* $^L */
1882 case '\016': /* $^N */
1883 case '\020': /* $^P */
1884 case '\023': /* $^S */
1885 case '\026': /* $^V */
1889 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1890 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1903 char *end = name + len;
1904 while (--end > name) {