3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2003, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
137 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
144 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
160 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
162 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
163 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
164 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
166 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
167 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
168 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
169 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
171 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
172 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
173 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
174 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
175 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
181 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
189 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
191 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
192 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
196 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
197 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
198 name, HvNAME(stash));
200 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
202 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
207 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
208 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
209 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
210 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
211 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
213 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
215 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
218 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
219 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
222 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
223 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
225 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
226 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
227 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
228 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
230 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
234 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
235 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
236 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
237 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
238 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
239 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
240 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
241 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
242 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
243 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
249 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
250 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
251 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
254 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
256 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
257 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
261 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
262 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
268 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
270 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
273 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
274 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
275 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
279 * Cache method in topgv if:
280 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
281 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
284 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
286 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
288 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
290 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
291 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
295 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
296 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
297 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
306 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
308 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
309 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
311 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
312 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
313 of the result may be zero.
319 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
321 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
324 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
325 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
330 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
331 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
333 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
336 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
338 /* Have an autoload */
339 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
340 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
341 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
350 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
352 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
358 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
360 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
366 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
367 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
368 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
371 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
372 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
373 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
374 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
375 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
377 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
378 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
379 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
380 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
381 created via a side effect to do this.
383 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
384 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
385 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
386 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
392 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
394 register const char *nend;
395 const char *nsplit = 0;
399 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
402 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
405 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
409 const char *origname = name;
413 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
414 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
415 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
416 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
417 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
418 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
419 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
420 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
423 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
424 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
426 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
427 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
428 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
429 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
430 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
431 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
436 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
438 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
439 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
441 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
445 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
453 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
456 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
457 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
467 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
469 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
470 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
478 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
481 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
482 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
486 packname = HvNAME(stash);
489 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
493 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
497 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
499 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
500 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
501 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
502 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
503 packname, (int)len, name);
506 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
507 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
508 * and split that value on the last '::',
509 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
512 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
518 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
519 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
520 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
521 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
523 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
524 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
528 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
531 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
532 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
533 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
534 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
538 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
539 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
542 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
544 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
546 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
550 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
551 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
552 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
555 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
556 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
557 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
562 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
564 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
565 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
566 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
567 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
573 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
575 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
579 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
586 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
589 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
590 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
591 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
592 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
593 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
594 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
595 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
600 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
603 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
608 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
610 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
611 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
617 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
622 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
627 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
629 register const char *name = nambeg;
633 register const char *namend;
636 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
639 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
640 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
641 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
645 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
653 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
656 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
657 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
661 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
662 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
663 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
664 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
665 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
669 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
671 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
674 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
675 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
678 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
686 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
693 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
696 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
699 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
700 if (*name == 'S' && (
701 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
702 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
703 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
704 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
706 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
708 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
710 else if (*name == 'A' && (
711 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
712 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
715 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
720 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
722 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
723 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
724 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
727 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
729 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
731 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
732 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
736 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
737 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
738 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
740 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
741 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
742 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
745 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
751 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
757 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
761 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
762 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
763 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
764 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
765 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
767 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
773 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
776 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
777 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
780 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
783 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
784 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
788 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
792 /* Adding a new symbol */
794 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
795 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
796 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
797 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
799 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
800 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
803 /* set up magic where warranted */
806 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
807 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
811 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
815 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
818 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
819 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
820 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
821 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
824 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
825 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
826 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
827 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
828 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
829 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
830 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
831 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
832 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
833 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
838 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
841 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
845 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
849 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
850 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
851 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
855 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
856 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
858 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
860 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
868 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
877 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
878 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
879 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
880 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
883 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
889 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
895 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
896 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
904 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
905 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
906 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
907 now (rather than going to magicalize)
910 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
912 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
921 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
927 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
928 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
943 case '\001': /* $^A */
944 case '\003': /* $^C */
945 case '\004': /* $^D */
946 case '\006': /* $^F */
947 case '\010': /* $^H */
948 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
949 case '\016': /* $^N */
950 case '\020': /* $^P */
957 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
959 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
960 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
964 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
965 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
968 case '\023': /* $^S */
972 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
975 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
980 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
984 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
986 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
996 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1009 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1010 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1011 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1014 const char *end = name + len;
1015 while (--end > name) {
1016 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1021 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1023 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1026 case '\014': /* $^L */
1029 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1030 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1035 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1040 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1041 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1042 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1048 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1049 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1054 case '\026': /* $^V */
1057 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1066 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1068 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1073 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1074 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1075 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1076 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1078 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1082 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1084 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1088 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1090 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1093 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1097 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1099 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1102 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1104 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1106 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1109 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1111 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1113 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1122 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1123 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1126 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1128 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1129 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1130 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1131 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1132 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1133 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1138 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1145 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1147 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1148 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1149 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1150 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1152 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1153 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1155 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1157 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1158 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1161 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1162 * module, don't bother warning */
1164 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1165 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1166 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1168 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1170 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1174 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1176 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1178 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1180 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1181 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1182 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1189 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1191 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1195 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1198 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1205 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1206 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1211 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1212 PL_sub_generation++;
1219 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1223 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1225 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1226 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1227 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1228 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1232 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1233 PL_sub_generation++;
1235 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1236 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1241 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1242 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1243 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1244 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1245 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1246 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1253 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1255 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1256 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1258 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1259 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1261 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1262 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1269 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1272 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1276 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1277 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1280 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1281 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1282 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1283 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1285 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1288 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1289 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1290 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1294 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1298 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1300 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1301 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1306 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1307 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1308 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1310 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1312 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1313 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1314 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1315 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1316 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1317 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1318 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1320 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1321 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1322 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1323 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1324 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1325 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1326 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1327 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1328 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1329 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1330 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1331 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1332 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1334 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1335 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1336 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1337 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1338 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1339 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1342 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256"SVf"' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1343 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1344 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1345 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1348 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1349 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1350 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1351 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1352 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1354 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1356 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1358 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1359 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1360 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1362 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1364 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1368 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1371 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1373 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1374 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1375 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1379 /* Here we have no table: */
1381 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1382 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1383 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1389 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1397 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1401 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1403 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1404 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1405 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1407 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1408 ret = amtp->table[id];
1409 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1410 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1411 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1412 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1413 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1414 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1427 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1431 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1432 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1433 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1434 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1439 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1440 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1441 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1442 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1443 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1445 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1446 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1452 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1453 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1455 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1458 /* look for substituted methods */
1459 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1463 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1464 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1465 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1470 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1471 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1472 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1476 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1479 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1482 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1485 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1486 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1487 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1493 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1496 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1497 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1499 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1500 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1502 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1503 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1504 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1510 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1511 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1512 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1514 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1515 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1516 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1518 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1519 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1520 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1523 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1534 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1536 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1541 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1543 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1551 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1556 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1557 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1558 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1559 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1560 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1561 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1563 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1566 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1567 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1568 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1569 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1570 /* We look for substitution for
1571 * comparison operations and
1573 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1574 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1575 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1585 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1592 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1594 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1599 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1607 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1610 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1611 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1612 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1613 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1616 if (off==-1) off=method;
1617 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1618 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1619 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1620 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1622 "in overloaded package ":
1623 "has no overloaded magic",
1625 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1628 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1631 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1633 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1635 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1636 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1638 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1642 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1647 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1648 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1650 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1652 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1653 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1654 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1655 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1656 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1657 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1658 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1659 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1662 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1663 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1664 * version of copy operator
1666 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1667 * a) Assignment form was called.
1668 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1669 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1670 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1671 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1672 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1674 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1675 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1677 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1678 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1681 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1682 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1684 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1685 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1692 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1695 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1696 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1697 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1698 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1700 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1703 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1704 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1705 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1709 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1710 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1711 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1712 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1714 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1719 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1727 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1734 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1737 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1740 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1743 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1746 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1749 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1752 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1754 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1757 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1759 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1761 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1769 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1771 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1773 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1774 created even in rvalue contexts.
1776 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1777 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1782 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1789 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1793 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1797 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1800 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1802 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1808 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1810 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1812 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1845 case '\001': /* $^A */
1846 case '\003': /* $^C */
1847 case '\004': /* $^D */
1848 case '\005': /* $^E */
1849 case '\006': /* $^F */
1850 case '\010': /* $^H */
1851 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1852 case '\014': /* $^L */
1853 case '\016': /* $^N */
1854 case '\020': /* $^P */
1855 case '\023': /* $^S */
1856 case '\026': /* $^V */
1860 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1861 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1874 char *end = name + len;
1875 while (--end > name) {