3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
137 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
144 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
160 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
162 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
163 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
164 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
166 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
167 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
168 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
169 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
171 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
172 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
173 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
174 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
175 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
181 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
189 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
191 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
192 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
196 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
197 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
198 name, HvNAME(stash));
200 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
202 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
207 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
208 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
209 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
210 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
211 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
213 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
215 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
218 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
219 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
222 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
223 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
225 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
226 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
227 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
228 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
230 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
234 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
235 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
236 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
237 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
238 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
239 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
240 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
241 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
242 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
243 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
249 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
250 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
251 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
254 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
256 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
257 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
258 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
261 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
262 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
268 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
270 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
273 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
274 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
275 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
279 * Cache method in topgv if:
280 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
281 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
284 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
286 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
288 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
290 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
291 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
295 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
296 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
297 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
306 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
308 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
309 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
311 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
312 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
313 of the result may be zero.
319 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
321 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
324 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
325 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
330 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
331 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
333 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
336 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
338 /* Have an autoload */
339 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
340 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
341 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
350 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
352 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
358 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
360 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
366 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
367 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
368 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
371 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
372 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
373 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
374 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
375 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
377 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
378 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
379 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
380 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
381 created via a side effect to do this.
383 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
384 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
385 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
386 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
392 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
394 register const char *nend;
395 const char *nsplit = 0;
399 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
402 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
405 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
409 const char *origname = name;
413 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
414 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
415 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
416 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
417 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
418 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
419 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
420 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
423 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
424 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
426 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
427 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
428 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
429 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
430 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
431 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
436 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
438 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
439 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
441 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
445 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
453 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
456 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
457 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
467 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
469 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
470 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
478 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
481 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
482 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
486 packname = HvNAME(stash);
489 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
493 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
497 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
499 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
500 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
501 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
502 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
503 packname, (int)len, name);
506 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
507 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
508 * and split that value on the last '::',
509 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
512 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
518 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
519 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
520 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
521 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
523 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
524 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
528 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
531 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
532 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
533 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
534 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
538 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
539 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
542 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
544 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
546 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
550 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
551 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
552 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
555 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
556 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
557 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
562 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
564 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
565 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
566 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
567 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
573 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
575 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
579 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
586 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
589 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
590 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
591 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
592 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
593 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
594 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
595 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
600 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
603 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
608 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
610 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
611 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
617 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
622 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
627 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
629 register const char *name = nambeg;
633 register const char *namend;
636 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
639 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
640 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
641 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
645 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
653 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
656 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
657 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
661 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
662 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
663 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
664 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
665 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
669 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
671 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
674 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
675 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
678 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
686 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
693 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
696 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
699 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
700 if (*name == 'S' && (
701 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
702 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
703 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
704 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
706 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
708 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
710 else if (*name == 'A' && (
711 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
712 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
715 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
720 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
722 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
723 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
724 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
727 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
729 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
731 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
732 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
736 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
737 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
738 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
740 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
741 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
742 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
745 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
751 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
757 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
761 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
762 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
763 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
764 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
765 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
771 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
774 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
775 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
778 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
781 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
782 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
786 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
790 /* Adding a new symbol */
792 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
793 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
794 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
795 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
797 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
798 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
801 /* set up magic where warranted */
804 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
805 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
809 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
813 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
816 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
817 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
818 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
819 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
822 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
823 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
824 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
825 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
826 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
827 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
828 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
829 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
830 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
831 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
836 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
839 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
843 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
847 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
848 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
849 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
853 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
854 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
856 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
858 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
866 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
875 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
876 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
877 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
878 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
881 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
887 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
893 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
894 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
902 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
903 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
904 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
905 now (rather than going to magicalize)
908 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
910 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
919 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
925 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
926 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
941 case '\001': /* $^A */
942 case '\003': /* $^C */
943 case '\004': /* $^D */
944 case '\006': /* $^F */
945 case '\010': /* $^H */
946 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
947 case '\016': /* $^N */
948 case '\020': /* $^P */
955 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
957 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
958 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
962 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
963 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
966 case '\023': /* $^S */
970 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
973 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
977 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
978 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
979 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
988 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1001 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1002 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1003 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1006 const char *end = name + len;
1007 while (--end > name) {
1008 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1013 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1015 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1018 case '\014': /* $^L */
1021 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1022 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1027 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1032 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1033 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1034 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1040 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1041 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1046 case '\026': /* $^V */
1049 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1058 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1060 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1065 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1066 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1067 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1068 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1070 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1074 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1076 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1080 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1082 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1085 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1089 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1091 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1094 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1096 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1098 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1101 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1103 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1105 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1114 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1115 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1118 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1119 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1120 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1121 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1122 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1127 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1134 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1136 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1137 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1138 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1139 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1141 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1142 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1144 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1146 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1147 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1150 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1151 * module, don't bother warning */
1153 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1154 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1155 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1157 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1159 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1163 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1165 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1167 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1169 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1170 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1171 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1178 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1180 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1184 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1187 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1194 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1195 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1200 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1201 PL_sub_generation++;
1208 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1212 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1214 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1215 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1216 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1217 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1221 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1222 PL_sub_generation++;
1224 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1225 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1230 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1231 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1232 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1233 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1234 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1235 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1242 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1244 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1245 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1247 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1248 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1250 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1251 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1258 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1261 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1265 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1266 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1269 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1270 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1271 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1272 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1274 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1277 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1278 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1279 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1283 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1287 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1289 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1290 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1295 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1296 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1297 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1299 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1301 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1302 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1303 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1304 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1305 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1306 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1307 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1309 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1310 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1311 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1312 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1313 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1314 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1315 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1316 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1317 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1318 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1319 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1320 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1321 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1323 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1324 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1325 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1326 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1327 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1328 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1331 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1332 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1333 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1334 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1337 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1339 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1340 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1343 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1344 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1347 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1349 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1350 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1351 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1353 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1355 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1359 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1362 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1364 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1365 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1366 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1370 /* Here we have no table: */
1372 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1373 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1374 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1380 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1388 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1392 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1394 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1395 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1396 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1398 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1399 ret = amtp->table[id];
1400 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1401 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1402 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1403 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1404 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1405 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1418 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1422 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1423 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1424 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1425 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1430 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1431 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1432 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1433 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1434 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1436 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1437 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1443 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1444 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1446 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1449 /* look for substituted methods */
1450 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1454 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1455 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1456 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1461 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1462 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1463 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1467 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1470 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1473 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1476 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1477 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1478 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1484 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1487 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1488 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1490 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1491 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1493 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1494 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1495 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1501 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1502 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1503 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1505 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1506 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1507 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1509 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1510 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1511 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1514 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1525 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1527 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1532 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1534 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1542 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1547 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1548 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1549 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1550 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1551 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1552 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1554 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1557 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1558 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1559 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1560 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1561 /* We look for substitution for
1562 * comparison operations and
1564 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1565 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1566 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1576 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1583 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1585 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1590 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1598 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1601 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1602 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1603 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1604 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1607 if (off==-1) off=method;
1608 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1609 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1610 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1611 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1613 "in overloaded package ":
1614 "has no overloaded magic",
1616 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1619 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1622 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1624 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1626 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1627 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1629 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1633 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1638 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1639 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1641 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1643 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1644 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1645 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1646 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1647 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1648 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1649 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1650 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1653 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1654 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1655 * version of copy operator
1657 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1658 * a) Assignment form was called.
1659 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1660 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1661 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1662 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1663 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1665 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1666 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1668 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1669 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1672 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1673 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1675 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1676 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1683 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1686 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1687 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1688 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1689 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1691 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1694 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1695 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1696 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1700 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1701 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1702 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1703 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1705 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1710 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1718 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1725 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1728 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1731 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1734 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1737 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1740 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1743 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1745 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1748 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1750 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1752 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1760 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1762 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1764 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1765 created even in rvalue contexts.
1767 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1768 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1773 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1780 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1784 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1788 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1791 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1793 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1798 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1800 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1801 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1833 case '\001': /* $^A */
1834 case '\003': /* $^C */
1835 case '\004': /* $^D */
1836 case '\005': /* $^E */
1837 case '\006': /* $^F */
1838 case '\010': /* $^H */
1839 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1840 case '\014': /* $^L */
1841 case '\016': /* $^N */
1842 case '\020': /* $^P */
1843 case '\023': /* $^S */
1844 case '\026': /* $^V */
1848 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1849 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1862 char *end = name + len;
1863 while (--end > name) {