3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2002, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
30 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
31 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
38 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
48 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
53 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
55 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
64 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
74 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
75 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
78 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
79 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
82 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
83 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
85 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
86 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
88 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
90 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
96 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
99 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
100 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
102 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
111 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
112 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
113 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
114 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
115 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
118 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
119 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
120 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
122 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
124 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
127 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
128 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
129 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
134 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
135 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
136 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
137 CvOWNER(GvCV(gv)) = 0;
138 if (!CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv))) {
139 New(666, CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)), 1, perl_mutex);
140 MUTEX_INIT(CvMUTEXP(GvCV(gv)));
142 #endif /* USE_5005THREADS */
144 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
151 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
167 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
169 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
170 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
171 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
173 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
174 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
175 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
176 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
178 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
179 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
180 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
181 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
182 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
188 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
196 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
198 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
199 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
203 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
204 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
205 name, HvNAME(stash));
207 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
209 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
214 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
215 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
216 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
217 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
218 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
220 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
222 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
225 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
226 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
229 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
230 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
232 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
233 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
234 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
235 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
237 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
241 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
242 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
243 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
244 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
245 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
246 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
247 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
248 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
249 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
250 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
256 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
257 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
258 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
261 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
263 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
264 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
265 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
268 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
269 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
275 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
277 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
280 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
281 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
282 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
286 * Cache method in topgv if:
287 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
288 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
291 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
293 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
295 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
297 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
298 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
302 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
303 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
304 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
313 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
315 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
316 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
318 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
319 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
320 of the result may be zero.
326 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
328 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
331 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
332 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
337 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
338 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
340 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
343 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
345 /* Have an autoload */
346 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
347 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
348 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
357 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
359 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
365 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
367 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
371 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
373 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
374 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
375 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
378 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
379 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
380 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
381 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
382 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
384 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
385 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
386 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
387 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
388 created via a side effect to do this.
390 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
391 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
392 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
393 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
399 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
401 register const char *nend;
402 const char *nsplit = 0;
405 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
408 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
412 const char *origname = name;
416 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
417 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
418 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
419 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
420 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
421 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
422 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
423 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
426 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
427 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
429 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
430 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
431 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
432 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
433 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
434 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
438 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
440 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
441 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
443 gv = gv_autoload4(stash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
447 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
455 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
458 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
459 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
469 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
471 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
472 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
480 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
481 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
483 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
487 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
491 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
493 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
494 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
495 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
496 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
497 HvNAME(stash), (int)len, name);
499 #ifndef USE_5005THREADS
501 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
502 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
503 * and split that value on the last '::',
504 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
507 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
514 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
515 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
516 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
517 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
519 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
520 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
523 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
524 sv_lock((SV *)varstash);
527 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
530 #ifdef USE_5005THREADS
533 sv_setpv(varsv, HvNAME(stash));
534 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
535 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
536 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
540 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
541 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
544 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
546 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
548 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
552 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
553 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
554 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
557 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
558 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
559 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
564 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
566 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
567 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
568 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
569 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
575 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
577 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
581 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
588 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
591 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
592 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
593 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
594 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
595 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
596 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
597 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
602 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
605 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
610 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
612 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
613 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
619 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
624 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
629 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
631 register const char *name = nambeg;
635 register const char *namend;
638 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
641 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
642 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
643 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
647 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
655 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
658 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
659 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
663 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
664 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
665 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
666 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
667 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
671 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
673 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
676 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
677 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
680 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
688 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
695 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
698 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
701 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
702 if (*name == 'S' && (
703 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
704 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
705 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
706 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
708 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
710 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
712 else if (*name == 'A' && (
713 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
714 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
717 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
722 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
724 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
727 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
728 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
729 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
731 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
733 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
734 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
738 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
739 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
740 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
742 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
743 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
744 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
747 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
753 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
759 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
763 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
764 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
765 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
766 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
767 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
773 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
776 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
777 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
780 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
783 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
784 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
788 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
792 /* Adding a new symbol */
794 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
795 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
796 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
797 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
799 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
800 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
803 /* set up magic where warranted */
806 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
807 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
811 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
815 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
818 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
819 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
820 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
821 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
824 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
825 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
826 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
827 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
828 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
829 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
830 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
831 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
832 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
833 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
838 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
841 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
845 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
849 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
850 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
851 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
855 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
856 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
858 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
860 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
868 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
877 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
878 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
879 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
880 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
883 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
889 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
895 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
896 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
904 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
905 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
906 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
907 now (rather than going to magicalize)
910 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
912 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
921 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
927 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
928 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
943 case '\001': /* $^A */
944 case '\003': /* $^C */
945 case '\004': /* $^D */
946 case '\006': /* $^F */
947 case '\010': /* $^H */
948 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
949 case '\016': /* $^N */
950 case '\020': /* $^P */
957 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
959 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
960 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
964 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
965 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
968 case '\023': /* $^S */
972 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
975 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
979 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
980 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
981 && strNE(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS"))
990 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1003 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1004 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1005 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1008 const char *end = name + len;
1009 while (--end > name) {
1010 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1015 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1017 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1020 case '\014': /* $^L */
1023 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1024 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1029 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1034 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1035 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1036 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1042 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1043 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1048 case '\026': /* $^V */
1051 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1060 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1062 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1067 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1068 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1069 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1070 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1072 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1076 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1078 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1082 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1084 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1087 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1091 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1093 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1096 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1098 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1100 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1103 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1105 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1107 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1116 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1117 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1120 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1121 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1122 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1123 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1124 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1129 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1136 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1138 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1139 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1140 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1141 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1143 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1144 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1146 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1148 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1149 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1152 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1153 * module, don't bother warning */
1155 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1156 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1157 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1159 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1161 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1165 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1167 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1169 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1171 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1172 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1173 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1180 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1182 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1186 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1189 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1196 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1197 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1202 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1203 PL_sub_generation++;
1210 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1214 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1216 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1217 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1218 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1219 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1223 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1224 PL_sub_generation++;
1226 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1227 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1232 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1233 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1234 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1235 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1236 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1237 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1244 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1246 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1247 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1249 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1250 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1252 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1253 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1260 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1263 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1267 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1268 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1271 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1272 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1273 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1274 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1276 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1279 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1280 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1281 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1285 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1289 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1291 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1292 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1297 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1298 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1299 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1301 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1303 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1304 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1305 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1306 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1307 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1308 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1309 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1311 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1312 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1313 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1314 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1315 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1316 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1317 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1318 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1319 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1320 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1321 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1322 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1323 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1325 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1326 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1327 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1328 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1329 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1330 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1333 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256s' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1334 SvPV_nolen(GvSV(gv)), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1335 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1336 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1339 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1341 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Stub found while resolving method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1342 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1345 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't resolve method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1346 (SvPOK(GvSV(gv)) ? SvPVX(GvSV(gv)) : "???" ),
1349 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1351 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1352 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1353 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1355 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1357 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1361 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1364 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1366 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1367 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1368 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1372 /* Here we have no table: */
1374 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1375 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1376 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1382 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1390 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1394 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1396 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1397 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1398 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1400 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1401 ret = amtp->table[id];
1402 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1403 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1404 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1405 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1406 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1407 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1420 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1424 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1425 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1426 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1427 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1432 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1433 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1434 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1435 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1436 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1438 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1439 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1445 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1446 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1448 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1451 /* look for substituted methods */
1452 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1456 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1457 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1458 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1463 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1464 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1465 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1469 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1472 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1475 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1478 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1479 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1480 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1486 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1489 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1490 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1492 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1493 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1495 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1496 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1497 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1503 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1504 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1505 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1507 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1508 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1509 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1511 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1512 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1513 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1516 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1527 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1529 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1534 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1536 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1544 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1549 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1550 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1551 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1552 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1553 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1554 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1556 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1559 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1560 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1561 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1562 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1563 /* We look for substitution for
1564 * comparison operations and
1566 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1567 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1568 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1578 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1585 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1587 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1592 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1600 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1603 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1604 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1605 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1606 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1609 if (off==-1) off=method;
1610 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1611 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1612 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1613 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1615 "in overloaded package ":
1616 "has no overloaded magic",
1618 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1621 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1624 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1626 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1628 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1629 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1631 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1635 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1640 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1641 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1643 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1645 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1646 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1647 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1648 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1649 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1650 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1651 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1652 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1655 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1656 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1657 * version of copy operator
1659 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1660 * a) Assignment form was called.
1661 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1662 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1663 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1664 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1665 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1667 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1668 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1670 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1671 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1674 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1675 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1677 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1678 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1685 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1688 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1689 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1690 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1691 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1693 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1696 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1697 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1698 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1702 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1703 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1704 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1705 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1707 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1712 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1720 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1727 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1730 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1733 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1736 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1739 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1742 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1745 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1747 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1750 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1752 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1754 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1762 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1764 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1766 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1767 created even in rvalue contexts.
1769 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1770 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1775 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1782 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1786 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1790 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1793 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1795 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1800 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1802 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1803 || (len == 17 && strEQ(name, "\027IDE_SYSTEM_CALLS")))
1835 case '\001': /* $^A */
1836 case '\003': /* $^C */
1837 case '\004': /* $^D */
1838 case '\005': /* $^E */
1839 case '\006': /* $^F */
1840 case '\010': /* $^H */
1841 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1842 case '\014': /* $^L */
1843 case '\016': /* $^N */
1844 case '\020': /* $^P */
1845 case '\023': /* $^S */
1846 case '\026': /* $^V */
1850 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1851 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1864 char *end = name + len;
1865 while (--end > name) {