3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
29 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
31 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
32 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
39 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
41 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
42 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
49 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
51 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
52 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
54 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
56 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
65 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
75 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
76 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
79 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
80 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
83 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
84 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
86 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
87 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
89 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
91 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
97 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
100 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
101 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
103 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
112 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
113 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
114 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
115 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
116 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
119 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
120 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
121 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
123 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
125 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
128 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
129 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
130 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
135 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
136 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
138 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
145 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
161 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
163 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
164 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
165 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
167 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
168 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
169 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
170 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
172 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
173 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
174 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
175 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
176 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
182 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
190 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
192 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
193 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
197 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
198 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
199 name, HvNAME(stash));
201 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
203 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
208 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
209 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
210 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
211 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
212 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
214 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
216 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
219 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
220 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
223 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
224 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
226 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
227 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
228 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
229 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
231 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
235 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
236 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
237 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
238 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
239 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
240 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
241 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
242 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
243 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
244 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
250 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
251 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
252 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
255 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
257 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
258 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
262 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
263 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
269 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
271 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
274 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
275 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
276 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
280 * Cache method in topgv if:
281 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
282 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
285 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
287 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
289 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
291 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
292 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
296 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
297 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
298 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
307 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
309 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
310 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
312 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
313 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
314 of the result may be zero.
320 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
322 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
325 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
326 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
331 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
332 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
334 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
337 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
339 /* Have an autoload */
340 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
341 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
342 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
351 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
353 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
359 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
361 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
365 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
367 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
368 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
369 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
372 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
373 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
374 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
375 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
376 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
378 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
379 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
380 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
381 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
382 created via a side effect to do this.
384 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
385 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
386 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
387 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
393 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
395 register const char *nend;
396 const char *nsplit = 0;
400 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
403 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
406 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
410 const char *origname = name;
414 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
415 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
416 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
417 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
418 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
419 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
420 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
421 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
424 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
425 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
427 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
428 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
429 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
430 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
431 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
432 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
437 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
439 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
440 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
442 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
446 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
454 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
457 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
458 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
468 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
470 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
471 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
479 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
482 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
483 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
487 packname = HvNAME(stash);
490 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
494 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
498 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
500 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
501 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
502 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
503 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
504 packname, (int)len, name);
507 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
508 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
509 * and split that value on the last '::',
510 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
513 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
519 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
520 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
521 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
522 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
524 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
525 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
529 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
532 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
533 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
534 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
535 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
539 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
540 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
543 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
545 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
547 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
551 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
552 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
553 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
556 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
557 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
558 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
563 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
565 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
566 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
567 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
568 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
574 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
576 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
580 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
587 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
590 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
591 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
592 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
593 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
594 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
595 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
596 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
601 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
604 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
609 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
611 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
612 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
618 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
623 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
628 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
630 register const char *name = nambeg;
634 register const char *namend;
637 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
640 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
641 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
642 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
646 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
654 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
657 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
658 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
662 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
663 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
664 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
665 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
666 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
670 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
672 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
675 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
676 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
679 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
687 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
692 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
695 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
698 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
699 if (*name == 'S' && (
700 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
701 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
702 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
703 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
705 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
707 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
709 else if (*name == 'A' && (
710 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
711 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
714 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
719 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
721 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
722 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
723 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
724 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
725 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
726 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
728 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
730 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
731 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
735 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
736 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
737 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
739 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
740 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
741 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
744 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
750 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
756 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
760 qerror(Perl_mess(aTHX_
761 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
762 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
763 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
764 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
766 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
772 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
775 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
776 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
779 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
782 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
783 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
787 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
791 /* Adding a new symbol */
793 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
794 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
795 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
796 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
798 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
799 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
802 /* set up magic where warranted */
805 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
806 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
810 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
814 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
817 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
818 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
819 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
820 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
823 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
824 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
825 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
826 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
827 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
828 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
829 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
830 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
831 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
832 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
837 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
840 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
844 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
848 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
849 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
850 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
854 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
855 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
857 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
859 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
867 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
876 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
877 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
878 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
879 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
882 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
888 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
894 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
895 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
903 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
904 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
905 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
906 now (rather than going to magicalize)
909 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
911 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
920 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
926 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
927 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX), "Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
942 case '\001': /* $^A */
943 case '\003': /* $^C */
944 case '\004': /* $^D */
945 case '\006': /* $^F */
946 case '\010': /* $^H */
947 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
948 case '\016': /* $^N */
949 case '\020': /* $^P */
956 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
958 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
959 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
963 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
964 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
967 case '\023': /* $^S */
971 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
974 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
979 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
983 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
985 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
995 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1008 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1009 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1010 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1013 const char *end = name + len;
1014 while (--end > name) {
1015 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1020 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1022 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1025 case '\014': /* $^L */
1028 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1029 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1034 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1039 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1040 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1041 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1047 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1048 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1053 case '\026': /* $^V */
1056 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1065 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1067 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1072 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1073 if (keepmain || strNE(HvNAME(hv), "main")) {
1074 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
1075 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1077 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1081 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1083 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1087 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1089 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1092 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1096 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1098 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1101 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1103 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1105 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1108 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1110 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1112 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1121 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1122 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1125 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1127 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1128 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1129 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1130 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1131 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1132 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1137 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1144 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1146 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1147 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1148 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1149 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1151 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1152 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1154 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1156 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1157 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1160 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1161 * module, don't bother warning */
1163 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1164 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1165 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1167 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1169 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1173 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1175 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1177 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1179 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1180 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1181 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1188 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1190 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1194 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1197 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1204 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1205 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1210 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1211 PL_sub_generation++;
1218 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1222 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1224 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1225 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1226 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1227 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1231 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1232 PL_sub_generation++;
1234 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1235 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1240 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1241 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1242 if(gp->gp_hv && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv) && PL_stashcache)
1243 hv_delete(PL_stashcache, HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)), G_DISCARD);
1244 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1245 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1246 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1247 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1254 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1256 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1257 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1259 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1260 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1262 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1263 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1270 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1273 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1277 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1278 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1281 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1282 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1283 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1284 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1286 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1289 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1290 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1291 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1295 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1299 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1301 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1302 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1307 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1308 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1309 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1311 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1313 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1314 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1315 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1316 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1317 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1318 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1319 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1321 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1322 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1323 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1324 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1325 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1326 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1327 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1328 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1329 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1330 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1331 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1332 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1333 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1335 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1336 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1337 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1338 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1339 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1340 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1343 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%.256"SVf"' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1344 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1345 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1346 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1349 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1350 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1351 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1352 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' in package `%.256s'",
1353 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1355 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1357 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1359 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1360 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1361 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1363 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1365 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1369 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1372 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1374 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1375 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1376 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1380 /* Here we have no table: */
1382 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1383 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1384 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1390 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1398 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1402 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1404 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1405 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1406 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1408 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1409 ret = amtp->table[id];
1410 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1411 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1412 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1413 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1414 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1415 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1428 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1432 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1433 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1434 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1435 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1440 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1441 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1442 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1443 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1444 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1446 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1447 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1453 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1454 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1456 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1459 /* look for substituted methods */
1460 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1464 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1465 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1466 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1471 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1472 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1473 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1477 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1480 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1483 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1486 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1487 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1488 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1494 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1497 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1498 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1500 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1501 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1503 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1504 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1505 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1511 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1512 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1513 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1515 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1516 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1517 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1519 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1520 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1521 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1524 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1535 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1537 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1542 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1544 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1552 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1557 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1558 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1559 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1560 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1561 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1562 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1564 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1567 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1568 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1569 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1570 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1571 /* We look for substitution for
1572 * comparison operations and
1574 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1575 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1576 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1586 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1593 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1595 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1600 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1608 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1611 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1612 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1613 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1614 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1617 if (off==-1) off=method;
1618 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1619 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1620 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1621 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1623 "in overloaded package ":
1624 "has no overloaded magic",
1626 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1629 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1632 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1634 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1636 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1637 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1639 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1643 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1648 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1649 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1651 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1653 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1654 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1655 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1656 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1657 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1658 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1659 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1660 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1663 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1664 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1665 * version of copy operator
1667 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1668 * a) Assignment form was called.
1669 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1670 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1671 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1672 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1673 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1675 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1676 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1678 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1679 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1682 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1683 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1685 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1686 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1693 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1696 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1697 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1698 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1699 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1701 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1704 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1705 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1706 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1710 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1711 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1712 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1713 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1715 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1720 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1728 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1735 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1738 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1741 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1744 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1747 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1750 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1753 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1755 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1758 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1760 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1762 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1770 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1772 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1774 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1775 created even in rvalue contexts.
1777 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1778 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1783 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1790 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1794 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1798 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1801 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1803 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1809 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1811 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1813 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1846 case '\001': /* $^A */
1847 case '\003': /* $^C */
1848 case '\004': /* $^D */
1849 case '\005': /* $^E */
1850 case '\006': /* $^F */
1851 case '\010': /* $^H */
1852 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1853 case '\014': /* $^L */
1854 case '\016': /* $^N */
1855 case '\020': /* $^P */
1856 case '\023': /* $^S */
1857 case '\026': /* $^V */
1861 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1862 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1875 char *end = name + len;
1876 while (--end > name) {