3 * Copyright (c) 1991-1994, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
12 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
13 * you. What more do you want to know?'
14 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
15 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
28 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
29 croak("Bad symbol for array");
39 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
40 croak("Bad symbol for hash");
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 croak("Bad symbol for filehandle");
64 sprintf(tmpbuf,"::_<%s", name);
65 gv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, TRUE, SVt_PVGV);
66 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
67 if (*name == '/' && (instr(name,"/lib/") || instr(name,".pm")))
70 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), gv, 'L');
75 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, multi)
84 sv_upgrade(gv, SVt_PVGV);
88 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
90 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
91 GvLINE(gv) = curcop->cop_line;
92 GvFILEGV(gv) = curcop->cop_filegv;
94 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, '*', name, len);
96 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
103 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type)
121 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level)
137 croak("Recursive inheritance detected");
139 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, TRUE);
141 DEBUG_o( deb("Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
143 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
144 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
146 if (cv=GvCV(topgv)) {
147 if (GvCVGEN(topgv) >= sub_generation)
148 return topgv; /* valid cached inheritance */
149 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv)) { /* not an inheritance cache */
153 /* stale cached entry, just junk it */
154 GvCV(topgv) = cv = 0;
158 /* if cv is still set, we have to free it if we find something to cache */
160 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,"ISA",3,FALSE);
161 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
162 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
163 I32 items = AvFILL(av) + 1;
166 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
169 warn("Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA",
170 SvPVX(sv), HvNAME(stash));
173 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len, level + 1);
175 if (cv) { /* junk old undef */
176 assert(SvREFCNT(topgv) > 1);
180 GvCV(topgv) = GvCV(gv); /* cache the CV */
181 GvCVGEN(topgv) = sub_generation; /* valid for now */
188 if (lastchance = gv_stashpv("UNIVERSAL", FALSE)) {
189 if (gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len, level + 1)) {
190 if (cv) { /* junk old undef */
191 assert(SvREFCNT(topgv) > 1);
195 GvCV(topgv) = GvCV(gv); /* cache the CV */
196 GvCVGEN(topgv) = sub_generation; /* valid for now */
206 gv_fetchmethod(stash, name)
214 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
215 if (*nend == ':' || *nend == '\'')
220 char *origname = name;
226 if (strEQ(origname,"SUPER")) {
227 /* Degenerate case ->SUPER::method should really lookup in original stash */
228 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(HvNAME(curcop->cop_stash),0));
229 sv_catpvn(tmpstr, "::SUPER", 7);
230 stash = gv_stashpv(SvPV(tmpstr,na),TRUE);
232 DEBUG_o( deb("Treating %s as %s::%s\n",origname,HvNAME(stash),name) );
234 stash = gv_stashpv(origname,TRUE);
238 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
241 /* Failed obvious case - look for SUPER as last element of stash's name */
242 char *packname = HvNAME(stash);
243 STRLEN len = strlen(packname);
244 if (len >= 7 && strEQ(packname+len-7,"::SUPER")) {
245 /* Now look for @.*::SUPER::ISA */
246 GV** gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,"ISA",3,FALSE);
247 if (!gvp || (gv = *gvp) == (GV*)&sv_undef || !GvAV(gv)) {
248 /* No @ISA in package ending in ::SUPER - drop suffix
249 and see if there is an @ISA there
252 char ch = packname[len-7];
254 packname[len-7] = '\0';
255 basestash = gv_stashpv(packname, TRUE);
256 packname[len-7] = ch;
257 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash,"ISA",3,FALSE);
258 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
259 /* Okay found @ISA after dropping the SUPER, alias it */
260 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(HvNAME(stash),0));
261 sv_catpvn(tmpstr, "::ISA", 5);
262 gv = gv_fetchpv(SvPV(tmpstr,na),TRUE,SVt_PVGV);
264 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
265 /* ... and re-try lookup */
266 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
268 croak("Cannot create %s::ISA",HvNAME(stash));
278 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
280 else if (strNE(name, "AUTOLOAD")) {
281 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, "AUTOLOAD", 8, 0);
282 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) { /* One more chance... */
283 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(newSVpv(HvNAME(stash),0));
284 sv_catpvn(tmpstr,"::", 2);
285 sv_catpvn(tmpstr, name, nend - name);
286 sv_setsv(GvSV(CvGV(cv)), tmpstr);
294 gv_stashpv(name,create)
301 sprintf(tmpbuf,"%.*s::",1200,name);
302 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf,create, SVt_PVHV);
306 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
309 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
314 gv_stashsv(sv,create)
318 return gv_stashpv(SvPV(sv,na), create);
323 gv_fetchpv(nambeg,add,sv_type)
328 register char *name = nambeg;
332 register char *namend;
337 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
338 if ((*namend == '\'' && namend[1]) ||
339 (*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':'))
343 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
348 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
349 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
353 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
355 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&sv_undef)
359 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
364 gv_init(gv, stash, nambeg, namend - nambeg, (add & 2));
366 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
367 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
370 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
378 return gv ? gv : *hv_fetch(defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
385 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
388 if (isIDFIRST(*name)) {
389 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
391 if (*name == 'S' && (
392 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
393 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
394 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
395 strEQ(name, "STDERR") ))
398 else if (*name > 'E') {
399 if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
402 else if (*name > 'A') {
403 if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
406 else if (*name == 'A' && (
407 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
408 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT") ))
411 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
415 else if ((COP*)curcop == &compiling) {
417 if (add && (hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
418 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
419 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
420 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
423 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
425 *gvp == (GV*)&sv_undef ||
426 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV ||
427 !(GvFLAGS(*gvp) & GVf_IMPORTED))
429 else if (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvAV(*gvp) ||
430 sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvHV(*gvp) ||
433 (!SvTYPE(GvSV(*gvp)) &&
434 SvREFCNT(GvSV(*gvp)) == 1) ))
436 warn("Variable \"%c%s\" is not exported",
437 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
438 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
441 warn("(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
447 stash = curcop->cop_stash;
453 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
457 warn("Global symbol \"%s\" requires explicit package name", name);
459 stash = curstash ? curstash : defstash; /* avoid core dumps */
465 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
468 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
469 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&sv_undef)
472 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
475 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
480 /* Adding a new symbol */
483 warn("Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
484 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & 2);
485 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
487 /* set up magic where warranted */
490 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
491 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
501 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
505 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
508 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, 'I', Nullch, 0);
509 if (add & 2 && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA") && AvFILL(av) == -1)
512 av_push(av, newSVpv(pname = "NDBM_File",0));
513 gv_stashpv(pname, TRUE);
514 av_push(av, newSVpv(pname = "DB_File",0));
515 gv_stashpv(pname, TRUE);
516 av_push(av, newSVpv(pname = "GDBM_File",0));
517 gv_stashpv(pname, TRUE);
518 av_push(av, newSVpv(pname = "SDBM_File",0));
519 gv_stashpv(pname, TRUE);
520 av_push(av, newSVpv(pname = "ODBM_File",0));
521 gv_stashpv(pname, TRUE);
527 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
530 sv_magic((SV*)hv, (SV*)gv, 'A', 0, 0);
533 #endif /* OVERLOAD */
535 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
540 hv_magic(hv, siggv, 'S');
542 /* initialize signal stack */
543 signalstack = newAV();
544 AvREAL_off(signalstack);
545 av_extend(signalstack, 30);
546 av_fill(signalstack, 0);
574 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),chopset);
579 if (dowarn && len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV)
580 warn("Use of $%s is deprecated", name);
622 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
624 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, 0, name, len);
630 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
636 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
642 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVNV);
643 sv_setpv(sv, patchlevel);
655 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
659 sv_setpv(sv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
660 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
661 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
662 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
679 sv_setpv(sv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
680 sv_catpv(sv,HvNAME(hv));
681 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
682 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(egv),GvNAMELEN(egv));
691 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
692 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
695 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", TRUE, SVt_PVIO);
696 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
712 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
713 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = entry->hent_next) {
714 if (entry->hent_key[entry->hent_klen-1] == ':' &&
715 (gv = (GV*)entry->hent_val) && (hv = GvHV(gv)) && HvNAME(hv))
718 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
720 else if (isALPHA(*entry->hent_key)) {
721 gv = (GV*)entry->hent_val;
724 curcop->cop_line = GvLINE(gv);
725 filegv = GvFILEGV(gv);
726 curcop->cop_filegv = filegv;
727 if (filegv && SvMULTI(filegv)) /* Filename began with slash */
729 warn("Identifier \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
730 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
740 (void)sprintf(tokenbuf,"%s::_GEN_%ld",pack,(long)gensym++);
741 return gv_fetchpv(tokenbuf,TRUE, SVt_PVGV);
744 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
763 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
765 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
766 warn("Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
769 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
770 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
775 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
776 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
777 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
778 if ((io = gp->gp_io) && SvTYPE(io) != SVTYPEMASK) {
782 if ((cv = gp->gp_cv) && !GvCVGEN(gv))
784 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
790 #if defined(CRIPPLED_CC) && (defined(iAPX286) || defined(M_I286) || defined(I80286))
794 #ifdef MICROPORT /* Microport 2.4 hack */
799 return GvGP(gv)->gp_av;
801 return GvGP(gv_AVadd(gv))->gp_av;
808 return GvGP(gv)->gp_hv;
810 return GvGP(gv_HVadd(gv))->gp_hv;
812 #endif /* Microport 2.4 hack */
815 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
825 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash,'c');
826 AMT *amtp=mg ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: NULL;
828 if (mg && (amtp=((AMT*)(mg->mg_ptr)))->was_ok_am == amagic_generation &&
829 amtp->was_ok_sub == sub_generation)
830 return HV_AMAGIC(stash)? TRUE: FALSE;
831 gvp=(GV**)hv_fetch(stash,"OVERLOAD",8,FALSE);
832 if (amtp && amtp->table) {
834 for (i=1;i<NofAMmeth*2;i++) {
835 if (amtp->table[i]) {
836 SvREFCNT_dec(amtp->table[i]);
840 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, 'c');
842 DEBUG_o( deb("Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
844 if (gvp && ((gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&sv_undef && (hv = GvHV(gv)))) {
852 /* if (*(svp)==(SV*)amagic_generation && *(svp+1)==(SV*)sub_generation) {
853 DEBUG_o( deb("Overload magic in package %s up-to-date\n",HvNAME(stash))
855 return HV_AMAGIC(stash)? TRUE: FALSE;
858 amt.was_ok_am=amagic_generation;
859 amt.was_ok_sub=sub_generation;
860 amt.fallback=AMGfallNO;
862 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in AMG_names */
864 if ((cp=((char**)(*AMG_names))[0]) &&
865 (svp=(SV**)hv_fetch(hv,cp,strlen(cp),FALSE)) && (sv = *svp)) {
866 if (SvTRUE(sv)) amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
867 else if (SvOK(sv)) amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
870 for (i=1;i<NofAMmeth*2;i++) {
873 if ( (cp=((char**)(*AMG_names))[i]) ) {
874 svp=(SV**)hv_fetch(hv,cp,strlen(cp),FALSE);
875 if (svp && ((sv = *svp) != (GV*)&sv_undef)) {
876 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
879 if (!SvOK(sv)) break;
880 gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, SvPV(sv, na));
881 if (gv) cv = GvCV(gv);
885 if (SvTYPE(cv) == SVt_PVCV)
890 die("Not a subroutine reference in %%OVERLOAD");
896 if (!(cv = GvCV((GV*)sv)))
897 cv = sv_2cv(sv, &stash, &gv, TRUE);
902 die("Method for operation %s not found in package %.200s during blessing\n",
908 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
910 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, 'c', (char*)&amt, sizeof(amt));
912 /* HV_badAMAGIC_off(stash);*/
917 /*HV_badAMAGIC_off(stash);*/
918 HV_AMAGIC_off(stash);
922 /* During call to this subroutine stack can be reallocated. It is
923 * advised to call SPAGAIN macro in your code after call */
926 amagic_call(left,right,method,flags)
934 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
936 int fl=0, off, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
937 int postpr=0, inc_dec_ass=0, assignshift=assign?1:0;
939 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
940 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)(stash=SvSTASH(SvRV(left))),'c'))
941 && (ocvp = cvp = ((oamtp=amtp=(AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table))
942 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
943 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
945 (fl = 1, cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
946 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
948 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
951 /* look for substituted methods */
954 if (((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg]) && (inc_dec_ass=1))
955 || ((cv = cvp[off=add_amg]) && (postpr=1))) {
956 right = &sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
960 if (((cv = cvp[off=subtr_ass_amg]) && (inc_dec_ass=1))
961 || ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]) && (postpr=1))) {
962 right = &sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
966 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
969 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
972 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
977 if (!SvROK(ref) && SvTYPE(ref) <= SVt_PVMG) { /* Just to be
984 SV* newref = newSVsv(ref);
986 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(ref));
992 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
993 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
994 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
996 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
997 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
998 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1000 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1001 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1002 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1005 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1016 if (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]) {
1018 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1025 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1026 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1027 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)(stash=SvSTASH(SvRV(right))),'c'))
1028 && (cvp = ((amtp=(AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table))
1029 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1032 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1033 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1034 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1035 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1036 /* We look for substitution for
1037 * comparison operations and
1039 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1040 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1041 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1051 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1058 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1060 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1065 not_found: /* No method found, either report or die */
1066 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1067 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1068 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1069 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1072 if (off==-1) off=method;
1073 sprintf(tmpstr,"Operation `%s': no method found,\n\tleft argument %s%.200s,\n\tright argument %s%.200s",
1074 ((char**)AMG_names)[off],
1076 "in overloaded package ":
1077 "has no overloaded magic",
1079 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1082 "in overloaded package ":
1083 "has no overloaded magic",
1085 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1087 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1088 DEBUG_o( deb(tmpstr) );
1097 DEBUG_o( deb("Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %.200s%s\n",
1098 ((char**)AMG_names)[off],
1099 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1101 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1102 ((char**)AMG_names)[method+assignshift],
1103 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1104 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1105 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1106 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1108 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1109 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1110 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1111 * version of copy operator
1113 if ((method+assignshift==off
1114 && (assign || method==inc_amg || method==dec_amg))
1115 || inc_dec_ass) RvDEEPCP(left);
1122 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1123 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1124 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1125 myop.op_flags = OPf_KNOW|OPf_STACKED;
1133 EXTEND(sp, notfound + 5);
1134 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1135 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1136 PUSHs( assign ? &sv_undef : (lr>0? &sv_yes: &sv_no));
1138 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(((char**)AMG_names)[off],0)) );
1143 if (op = pp_entersub())
1152 /* sv_2mortal(res); */
1161 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1164 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1167 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1170 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1173 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1176 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1179 SvSetSV(left,res); return res; break;
1181 return ans? &sv_yes: &sv_no;
1182 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1184 die("Copy method did not return a reference");
1186 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1192 #endif /* OVERLOAD */