3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
29 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
31 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
32 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
39 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
41 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
42 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
49 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
51 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
52 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
54 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
56 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
65 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
75 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
76 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
79 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
80 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
83 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
84 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
86 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
87 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
89 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
91 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
97 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
100 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
101 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
103 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
112 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
113 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
114 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
115 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
116 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
119 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
120 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
121 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
123 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
125 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
128 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
129 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
130 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
135 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
136 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
138 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
145 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
161 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
163 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
164 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
165 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
167 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
168 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
169 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
170 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
172 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
173 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
174 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
175 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
176 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
182 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
190 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
192 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
193 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
199 "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
201 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
202 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
203 name, HvNAME(stash));
205 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
207 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
212 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
213 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
214 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
215 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
216 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
218 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
220 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
223 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
224 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
227 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
228 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
230 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
231 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
232 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
233 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
235 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
239 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
240 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
241 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
242 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
243 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
244 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
245 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
246 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
247 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
248 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
254 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
255 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
256 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
259 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
261 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
262 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
266 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
267 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
273 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
275 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
278 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
279 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
280 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
284 * Cache method in topgv if:
285 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
286 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
289 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
291 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
293 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
295 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
296 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
300 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
301 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
302 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
311 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
313 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
314 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
316 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
317 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
318 of the result may be zero.
324 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
326 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
329 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
330 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
335 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
336 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
338 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
341 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
343 /* Have an autoload */
344 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
345 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
346 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
355 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
357 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
363 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
365 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
369 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
371 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
372 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
373 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
376 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
377 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
378 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
379 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
380 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
382 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
383 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
384 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
385 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
386 created via a side effect to do this.
388 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
389 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
390 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
391 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
397 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
399 register const char *nend;
400 const char *nsplit = 0;
404 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
407 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
410 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
414 const char *origname = name;
418 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
419 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
420 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
421 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
422 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
423 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
424 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
425 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
428 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
429 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
431 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
432 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
433 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
434 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
435 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
436 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
441 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
443 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
444 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
446 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
450 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
458 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
461 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
462 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
472 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
474 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
475 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
483 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
486 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
487 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
491 packname = HvNAME(stash);
494 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
498 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
502 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
504 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
505 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
506 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
507 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
508 packname, (int)len, name);
511 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
512 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
513 * and split that value on the last '::',
514 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
517 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
523 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
524 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
525 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
526 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
528 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
529 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
533 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
536 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
537 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
538 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
539 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
543 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
544 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
547 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
549 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
551 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
555 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
556 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
557 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
560 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
561 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
562 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
567 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
569 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
570 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
571 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
572 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
578 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
580 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
584 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
591 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
594 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
595 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
596 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
597 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
598 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
599 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
600 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
605 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
608 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
613 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
615 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
616 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
622 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
627 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
632 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
634 register const char *name = nambeg;
638 register const char *namend;
641 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
644 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
645 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
646 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
650 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
658 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
661 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
662 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
666 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
667 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
668 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
669 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
670 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
674 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
676 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
679 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
680 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
683 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
691 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
696 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
699 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
702 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
703 if (*name == 'S' && (
704 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
705 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
706 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
707 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
709 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
711 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
713 else if (*name == 'A' && (
714 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
715 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
718 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
723 else if ((COP*)PL_curcop == &PL_compiling) {
725 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
726 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
727 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
728 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
729 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
730 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
732 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
734 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
735 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
739 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
740 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
741 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
743 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
744 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
745 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
748 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
754 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
760 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
764 register SV *err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
765 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
766 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
767 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
768 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
770 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
773 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
779 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
782 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
783 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
786 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
789 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
790 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
794 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
798 /* Adding a new symbol */
800 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
801 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
802 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
803 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
805 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
806 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
809 /* set up magic where warranted */
812 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
813 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
817 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
821 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
824 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
825 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
826 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
827 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
830 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
831 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
832 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
833 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
834 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
835 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
836 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
837 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
838 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
839 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
844 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
847 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
851 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
855 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
856 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
857 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
861 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
862 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
864 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
866 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
874 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
883 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
884 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
885 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
886 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
889 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
895 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
901 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
902 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
910 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
911 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
912 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
913 now (rather than going to magicalize)
916 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
918 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
927 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
932 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
933 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
934 "$* is no longer supported");
937 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
938 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
939 "Use of $# is deprecated");
954 case '\001': /* $^A */
955 case '\003': /* $^C */
956 case '\004': /* $^D */
957 case '\006': /* $^F */
958 case '\010': /* $^H */
959 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
960 case '\016': /* $^N */
961 case '\020': /* $^P */
968 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
970 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
971 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
975 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
976 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
979 case '\023': /* $^S */
983 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
986 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
991 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
995 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
997 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
1007 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1020 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1021 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1022 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1025 const char *end = name + len;
1026 while (--end > name) {
1027 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1032 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1034 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1037 case '\014': /* $^L */
1040 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1041 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1046 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1051 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1052 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1053 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1059 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1060 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1065 case '\026': /* $^V */
1068 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1077 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1080 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1085 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1091 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1093 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1095 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1099 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1101 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1105 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1107 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1110 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1114 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1116 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1119 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1121 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1123 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1126 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1128 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1130 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1139 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1140 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1143 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1145 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1146 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1147 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1148 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1149 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1150 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1155 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1162 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1164 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1165 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1166 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1167 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1169 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1170 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1172 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1174 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1175 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1178 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1179 * module, don't bother warning */
1181 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1182 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1183 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1185 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1187 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1191 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1193 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1195 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1197 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1198 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1199 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1206 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1208 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1212 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1215 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1222 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1223 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1228 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1229 PL_sub_generation++;
1236 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1240 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1242 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1243 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1244 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1245 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers");
1249 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1250 PL_sub_generation++;
1252 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1253 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1258 if (gp->gp_sv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1259 if (gp->gp_sv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1261 if (PL_stashcache && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv))
1262 hv_delete(PL_stashcache,
1263 HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)),
1265 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1267 if (gp->gp_io) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1268 if (gp->gp_cv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1269 if (gp->gp_form) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1276 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1278 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1279 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1281 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1282 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1284 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1285 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1292 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1295 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1299 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1300 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1303 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1304 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1305 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1306 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1308 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1311 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1312 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1313 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1317 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1321 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1323 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1324 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1329 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1330 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1331 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1333 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1335 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1336 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1337 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1338 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1339 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1340 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1341 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1343 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1344 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1345 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1346 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1347 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1348 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1349 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1350 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1351 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1352 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1353 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1354 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1355 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1357 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1358 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1359 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1360 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1361 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1362 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1365 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%"SVf256\
1366 "' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1367 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1368 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1369 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1372 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1373 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1374 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1375 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' "\
1376 "in package `%.256s'",
1377 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1379 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1381 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1383 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1384 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1385 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1387 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1389 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1393 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1396 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1398 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1399 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1400 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1404 /* Here we have no table: */
1406 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1407 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1408 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1414 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1420 if (!stash || !HvNAME(stash))
1422 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1426 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1428 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1429 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1430 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1432 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1433 ret = amtp->table[id];
1434 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1435 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1436 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1437 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1438 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1439 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1452 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1456 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1457 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1458 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1459 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1464 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1465 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1466 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1467 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1468 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1470 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1471 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1477 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1478 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1480 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1483 /* look for substituted methods */
1484 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1488 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1489 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1490 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1495 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1496 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1497 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1501 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1504 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1507 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1510 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1511 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1512 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1518 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1521 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1522 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1524 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1525 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1527 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1528 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1529 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1535 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1536 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1537 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1539 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1540 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1541 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1543 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1544 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1545 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1548 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1559 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1561 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1566 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1568 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1576 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1581 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1582 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1583 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1584 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1585 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1586 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1588 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1591 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1592 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1593 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1594 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1595 /* We look for substitution for
1596 * comparison operations and
1598 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1599 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1600 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1610 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1617 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1619 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1624 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1632 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1635 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1636 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1637 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1638 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1641 if (off==-1) off=method;
1642 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1643 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1644 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1645 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1647 "in overloaded package ":
1648 "has no overloaded magic",
1650 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1653 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1656 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1658 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1660 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1661 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1663 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1667 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1672 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1673 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1675 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1677 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1678 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1679 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1680 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1681 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1682 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1683 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1684 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1687 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1688 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1689 * version of copy operator
1691 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1692 * a) Assignment form was called.
1693 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1694 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1695 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1696 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1697 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1699 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1700 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1702 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1703 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1706 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1707 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1709 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1710 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1717 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1720 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1721 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1722 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1723 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1725 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1728 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1729 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1730 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1734 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1735 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1736 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1737 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1739 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1744 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1752 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1759 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1762 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1765 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1768 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1771 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1774 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1777 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1779 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1782 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1784 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1786 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1794 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1796 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1798 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1799 created even in rvalue contexts.
1801 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1802 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1807 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1814 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1818 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1822 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1825 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1827 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1833 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1835 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1837 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1869 case '\001': /* $^A */
1870 case '\003': /* $^C */
1871 case '\004': /* $^D */
1872 case '\005': /* $^E */
1873 case '\006': /* $^F */
1874 case '\010': /* $^H */
1875 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1876 case '\014': /* $^L */
1877 case '\016': /* $^N */
1878 case '\020': /* $^P */
1879 case '\023': /* $^S */
1880 case '\026': /* $^V */
1884 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1885 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1898 char *end = name + len;
1899 while (--end > name) {