3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
38 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
40 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
41 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
48 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
50 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
51 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
58 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
60 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
61 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle");
63 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
65 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
74 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
84 tmplen = strlen(name) + 2;
85 if (tmplen < sizeof smallbuf)
88 New(603, tmpbuf, tmplen + 1, char);
89 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
92 strcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name);
93 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
95 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
96 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv), name);
98 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
100 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
106 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
109 bool doproto = SvTYPE(gv) > SVt_NULL;
110 char *proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
112 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
121 Newz(602, gp, 1, GP);
122 GvGP(gv) = gp_ref(gp);
123 GvSV(gv) = NEWSV(72,0);
124 GvLINE(gv) = CopLINE(PL_curcop);
125 GvFILE(gv) = CopFILE(PL_curcop) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
128 sv_magic((SV*)gv, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_glob, Nullch, 0);
129 GvSTASH(gv) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(stash);
130 GvNAME(gv) = savepvn(name, len);
132 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
134 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
137 /* XXX unsafe for threads if eval_owner isn't held */
138 start_subparse(0,0); /* Create CV in compcv. */
139 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
144 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
145 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
147 sv_setpv((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto);
154 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, I32 sv_type)
170 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
172 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
173 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
174 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
176 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
177 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
178 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
179 up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes.
181 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
182 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
183 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
184 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
185 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
191 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
199 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
201 level = -1; /* probably appropriate */
202 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE)))
208 "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
210 if ((level > 100) || (level < -100))
211 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s'",
212 name, HvNAME(stash));
214 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,HvNAME(stash)) );
216 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
221 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
222 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
223 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
224 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
225 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
227 /* Stale cached entry: junk it */
229 GvCV(topgv) = cv = Nullcv;
232 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == PL_sub_generation)
233 return 0; /* cache indicates sub doesn't exist */
236 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
237 av = (gvp && (gv = *gvp) && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) ? GvAV(gv) : Nullav;
239 /* create and re-create @.*::SUPER::ISA on demand */
240 if (!av || !SvMAGIC(av)) {
241 char* packname = HvNAME(stash);
242 STRLEN packlen = strlen(packname);
244 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(packname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
248 basestash = gv_stashpvn(packname, packlen, TRUE);
249 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(basestash, "ISA", 3, FALSE);
250 if (gvp && (gv = *gvp) != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef && (av = GvAV(gv))) {
251 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
252 if (!gvp || !(gv = *gvp))
253 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot create %s::ISA", HvNAME(stash));
254 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
255 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
256 SvREFCNT_dec(GvAV(gv));
257 GvAV(gv) = (AV*)SvREFCNT_inc(av);
263 SV** svp = AvARRAY(av);
264 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
265 I32 items = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
268 HV* basestash = gv_stashsv(sv, FALSE);
270 if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
271 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
275 gv = gv_fetchmeth(basestash, name, len,
276 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1);
282 /* if at top level, try UNIVERSAL */
284 if (level == 0 || level == -1) {
287 if ((lastchance = gv_stashpvn("UNIVERSAL", 9, FALSE))) {
288 if ((gv = gv_fetchmeth(lastchance, name, len,
289 (level >= 0) ? level + 1 : level - 1)))
293 * Cache method in topgv if:
294 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
295 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
298 GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1 &&
300 (CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
302 if ((cv = GvCV(topgv)))
304 GvCV(topgv) = (CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvCV(gv));
305 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
309 else if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
310 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
311 GvCVGEN(topgv) = PL_sub_generation;
320 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
322 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
323 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
325 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
326 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
327 of the result may be zero.
333 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
335 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
338 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
339 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
344 return Nullgv; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
345 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
347 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
350 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
352 /* Have an autoload */
353 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
354 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
355 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
364 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod
366 See L<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>.
372 Perl_gv_fetchmethod(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name)
374 return gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, name, TRUE);
378 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
380 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
381 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
382 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
385 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
386 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
387 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
388 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
389 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
391 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
392 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
393 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
394 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
395 created via a side effect to do this.
397 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
398 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
399 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
400 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
406 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
408 register const char *nend;
409 const char *nsplit = 0;
413 if (stash && SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
416 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
419 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':')
423 const char *origname = name;
427 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && strnEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
428 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
429 SV *tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
430 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
431 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
432 stash = gv_stashpvn(SvPVX(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr), TRUE);
433 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
434 origname, HvNAME(stash), name) );
437 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
438 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, FALSE);
440 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
441 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
442 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
443 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
444 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, FALSE))
445 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, TRUE);
450 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
452 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
453 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
455 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
459 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
467 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
470 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
471 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
481 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
483 char autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
484 STRLEN autolen = sizeof(autoload)-1;
492 if (len == autolen && strnEQ(name, autoload, autolen))
495 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
496 packname = SvPV_nolen((SV*)stash);
500 packname = HvNAME(stash);
503 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, autoload, autolen, FALSE)))
507 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
511 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
513 if (ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX) && !method &&
514 (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash))
515 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
516 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
517 packname, (int)len, name);
520 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
521 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
522 * and split that value on the last '::',
523 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
526 SvPVX(cv) = (char *)name; /* cast to lose constness warning */
532 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
533 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
534 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
535 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
537 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
538 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, autoload, autolen, TRUE);
542 gv_init(vargv, varstash, autoload, autolen, FALSE);
545 sv_setpv(varsv, packname);
546 sv_catpvn(varsv, "::", 2);
547 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
548 SvTAINTED_off(varsv);
552 /* The "gv" parameter should be the glob known to Perl code as *!
553 * The scalar must already have been magicalized.
556 S_require_errno(pTHX_ GV *gv)
558 HV* stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
560 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH"))) {
564 save_scalar(gv); /* keep the value of $! */
565 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT,
566 newSVpvn("Errno",5), Nullsv);
569 stash = gv_stashpvn("Errno",5,FALSE);
570 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, "TIEHASH")))
571 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available");
576 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
578 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. C<name> should
579 be a valid UTF-8 string. If C<create> is set then the package will be
580 created if it does not already exist. If C<create> is not set and the
581 package does not exist then NULL is returned.
587 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
589 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
593 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 create)
600 if (namelen + 3 < sizeof smallbuf)
603 New(606, tmpbuf, namelen + 3, char);
604 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
605 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
606 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
607 tmpbuf[namelen] = '\0';
608 tmpgv = gv_fetchpv(tmpbuf, create, SVt_PVHV);
609 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
614 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
617 HvNAME(stash) = savepv(name);
622 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
624 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a
625 valid UTF-8 string. See C<gv_stashpv>.
631 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 create)
636 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, create);
641 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, I32 sv_type)
643 register const char *name = nambeg;
647 register const char *namend;
650 if (*name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
653 for (namend = name; *namend; namend++) {
654 if ((*namend == ':' && namend[1] == ':')
655 || (*namend == '\'' && namend[1]))
659 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
667 if (len + 3 < sizeof (smallbuf))
670 New(601, tmpbuf, len+3, char);
671 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
675 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
676 gv = gvp ? *gvp : Nullgv;
677 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
678 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
679 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
683 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
685 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
688 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
689 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
692 HvNAME(stash) = savepvn(nambeg, namend - nambeg);
700 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetch(PL_defstash, "main::", 6, TRUE);
705 /* $_ should always be in main:: even when our'ed */
706 if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
709 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
712 if (isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
715 if (isUPPER(*name)) {
716 if (*name == 'S' && (
717 strEQ(name, "SIG") ||
718 strEQ(name, "STDIN") ||
719 strEQ(name, "STDOUT") ||
720 strEQ(name, "STDERR")))
722 else if (*name == 'I' && strEQ(name, "INC"))
724 else if (*name == 'E' && strEQ(name, "ENV"))
726 else if (*name == 'A' && (
727 strEQ(name, "ARGV") ||
728 strEQ(name, "ARGVOUT")))
731 else if (*name == '_' && !name[1])
736 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
738 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
739 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
740 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
741 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
742 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
743 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && strchr("ab",*name)) )
745 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
747 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
748 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
752 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
753 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
754 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
756 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
757 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
758 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
761 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
767 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
773 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
777 register SV *err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
778 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
779 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
780 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
781 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
783 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
786 stash = GvHV(gv_fetchpv("<none>::", GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV));
792 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
795 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
796 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
799 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
802 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
803 if (*name=='!' && sv_type == SVt_PVHV && len==1)
807 } else if (add & GV_NOINIT) {
811 /* Adding a new symbol */
813 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
814 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
815 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
816 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
818 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
819 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
822 /* set up magic where warranted */
825 if (strEQ(name, "ARGV")) {
826 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
830 if (strnEQ(name, "EXPORT", 6))
834 if (strEQ(name, "ISA")) {
837 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, Nullch, 0);
838 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
839 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
840 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
843 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
844 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
845 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
846 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, TRUE);
847 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
848 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
849 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
850 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
851 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
852 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, TRUE);
857 if (strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD")) {
860 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
864 if (strEQ(name, "SIG")) {
868 Newz(73, PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
869 Newz(73, PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
870 Newz(73, PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
874 hv_magic(hv, Nullgv, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
875 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
877 init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
879 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
887 if (strEQ(name, "VERSION"))
896 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
897 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
898 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
899 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
902 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
908 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),PL_chopset);
914 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
915 (void)SvUPGRADE(GvSV(gv), SVt_PVLV);
923 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm.
924 The require will itself set errno, so in order to
925 preserve its value we have to set up the magic
926 now (rather than going to magicalize)
929 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
931 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV)
940 sv_magic((SV*)av, Nullsv, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
945 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
946 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
947 "$* is no longer supported");
950 if (len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
951 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
952 "Use of $# is deprecated");
967 case '\001': /* $^A */
968 case '\003': /* $^C */
969 case '\004': /* $^D */
970 case '\006': /* $^F */
971 case '\010': /* $^H */
972 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
973 case '\016': /* $^N */
974 case '\020': /* $^P */
981 sv_setiv(GvSV(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
983 case '\005': /* $^E && $^ENCODING */
984 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\005NCODING"))
988 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
989 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\017PEN"))
992 case '\023': /* $^S */
996 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
999 else if (strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1004 if (len > 1 && strNE(name, "\025NICODE"))
1008 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1010 && strNE(name, "\027ARNING_BITS")
1020 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, Nullch, 0);
1033 /* ensures variable is only digits */
1034 /* ${"1foo"} fails this test (and is thus writeable) */
1035 /* added by japhy, but borrowed from is_gv_magical */
1038 const char *end = name + len;
1039 while (--end > name) {
1040 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1045 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1047 sv_magic(GvSV(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1050 case '\014': /* $^L */
1053 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\f");
1054 PL_formfeed = GvSV(gv);
1059 sv_setpv(GvSV(gv),"\034");
1064 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_PVNV);
1065 Perl_sv_setpvf(aTHX_ sv,
1066 #if defined(PERL_SUBVERSION) && (PERL_SUBVERSION > 0)
1072 SvNVX(PL_patchlevel));
1073 SvNVX(sv) = SvNVX(PL_patchlevel);
1078 case '\026': /* $^V */
1081 GvSV(gv) = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_patchlevel);
1090 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1093 HV *hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1098 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1104 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1106 sv_catpvn(sv,"::", 2);
1108 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1112 Perl_gv_fullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1114 gv_fullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1118 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1120 GV *egv = GvEGV(gv);
1123 gv_fullname4(sv, egv, prefix, keepmain);
1127 Perl_gv_efullname3(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv, const char *prefix)
1129 gv_efullname4(sv, gv, prefix, TRUE);
1132 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1134 Perl_gv_fullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1136 gv_fullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1139 /* XXX compatibility with versions <= 5.003. */
1141 Perl_gv_efullname(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *gv)
1143 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, sv == (SV*)gv ? "*" : "");
1152 io = (IO*)NEWSV(0,0);
1153 sv_upgrade((SV *)io,SVt_PVIO);
1156 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a
1158 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1159 iogv = gv_fetchpv("FileHandle::", FALSE, SVt_PVHV);
1160 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1161 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1162 iogv = gv_fetchpv("IO::Handle::", TRUE, SVt_PVHV);
1163 SvSTASH(io) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv));
1168 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1175 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1177 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1178 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1179 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1180 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1182 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1183 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1185 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1187 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1188 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1191 /* performance hack: if filename is absolute and it's a standard
1192 * module, don't bother warning */
1194 && PERL_FILE_IS_ABSOLUTE(file)
1195 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1196 && (instr(file, ":lib:")
1198 && (instr(file, "/lib/")
1200 || instr(file, ".pm")))
1204 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1206 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = file; /* set for warning */
1208 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop) = gv_fetchfile(file);
1210 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1211 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1212 HvNAME(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1219 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ char *pack)
1221 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1225 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1228 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1235 /* multi-named GPs cannot be used for method cache */
1236 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1241 /* Adding a new name to a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1242 PL_sub_generation++;
1249 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1253 if (!gv || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1255 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1256 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1257 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1258 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1259 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1263 /* Deleting the name of a subroutine invalidates method cache */
1264 PL_sub_generation++;
1266 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1267 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1272 if (gp->gp_sv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1273 if (gp->gp_av) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1275 if (PL_stashcache && HvNAME(gp->gp_hv))
1276 hv_delete(PL_stashcache,
1277 HvNAME(gp->gp_hv), strlen(HvNAME(gp->gp_hv)),
1279 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1281 if (gp->gp_io) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1282 if (gp->gp_cv) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1283 if (gp->gp_form) SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1290 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1292 AMT *amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1293 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1295 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1296 CV *cv = amtp->table[i];
1298 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1299 amtp->table[i] = Nullcv;
1306 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1309 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1313 MAGIC* mg=mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1314 AMT *amtp = (mg) ? (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr: (AMT *) NULL;
1317 if (mg && amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1318 && amtp->was_ok_sub == PL_sub_generation)
1319 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1320 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1322 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME(stash)) );
1325 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1326 amt.was_ok_sub = PL_sub_generation;
1327 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1331 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1335 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1337 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1338 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1343 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1344 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1345 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1347 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1349 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1350 amt.table[i] = Nullcv;
1351 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1352 char *cooky = (char*)PL_AMG_names[i];
1353 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1354 char *cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1355 STRLEN l = strlen(cooky);
1357 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1358 cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1359 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1360 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1361 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1362 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1363 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1364 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1365 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1366 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1367 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1368 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1369 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1371 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1372 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1373 && strEQ(HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1374 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1375 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1376 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1379 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method `%"SVf256\
1380 "' for overloaded `%s' in package `%.256s'\n",
1381 GvSV(gv), cp, HvNAME(stash)) );
1382 if (!SvPOK(GvSV(gv))
1383 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX(GvSV(gv)),
1386 /* Can be an import stub (created by `can'). */
1387 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1388 const char *name = SvPOK(gvsv) ? SvPVX(gvsv) : "???";
1389 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method `%.256s' overloading `%s' "\
1390 "in package `%.256s'",
1391 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1393 name, cp, HvNAME(stash));
1395 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1397 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading `%s' in package `%.256s' via `%.256s::%.256s' \n",
1398 cp, HvNAME(stash), HvNAME(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1399 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1401 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1403 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1407 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc(cv);
1410 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1412 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1413 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1414 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1418 /* Here we have no table: */
1420 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1421 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1422 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1428 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1434 if (!stash || !HvNAME(stash))
1436 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1440 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1442 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1443 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1444 || amtp->was_ok_sub != PL_sub_generation )
1446 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1447 ret = amtp->table[id];
1448 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1449 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1450 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1451 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1452 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1453 GV *gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, (char*)PL_AMG_names[id]);
1466 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1470 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1471 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1472 int off=0, off1, lr=0, assign=AMGf_assign & flags, notfound=0;
1473 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0, assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1478 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1479 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1480 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1481 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1482 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1484 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1485 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1491 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1492 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1494 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1497 /* look for substituted methods */
1498 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1502 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1503 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1504 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1509 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1510 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1511 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1515 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1518 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1521 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1524 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1525 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1526 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1532 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1535 SV* tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1536 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1538 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1539 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1541 SV* newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1542 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1543 SvSTASH(newref) = (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef));
1549 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1550 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1551 SV* nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1553 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1554 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1555 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1557 SV* lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1558 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1559 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1562 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1573 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1575 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1580 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1582 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1590 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1595 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1596 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1597 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1598 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1599 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1600 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1602 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1605 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1606 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1607 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1608 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1609 /* We look for substitution for
1610 * comparison operations and
1612 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1613 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1614 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
1624 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
1631 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
1633 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
1638 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
1646 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1649 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
1650 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
1651 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
1652 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
1655 if (off==-1) off=method;
1656 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
1657 "Operation `%s': no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
1658 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
1659 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
1661 "in overloaded package ":
1662 "has no overloaded magic",
1664 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
1667 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
1670 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
1672 HvNAME(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
1674 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
1675 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX(msg)) );
1677 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, msg);
1681 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
1686 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
1687 "Overloaded operator `%s'%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
1689 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1691 method+assignshift==off? "" :
1692 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
1693 method+assignshift==off? "" : "')",
1694 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
1695 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
1696 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
1697 stash ? HvNAME(stash) : "null",
1698 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
1701 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
1702 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
1703 * version of copy operator
1705 /* We need to copy in following cases:
1706 * a) Assignment form was called.
1707 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
1708 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
1709 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
1710 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
1711 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
1713 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
1714 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
1716 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
1717 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
1720 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
1721 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
1723 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
1724 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
1731 bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
1734 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
1735 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
1736 myop.op_next = Nullop;
1737 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
1739 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
1742 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
1743 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
1744 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
1748 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
1749 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
1750 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
1751 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
1753 PUSHs( sv_2mortal(newSVpv(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),0)));
1758 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
1766 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
1773 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
1776 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
1779 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
1782 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
1785 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
1788 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
1791 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
1793 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
1796 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
1798 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
1800 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
1808 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
1810 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
1812 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
1813 created even in rvalue contexts.
1815 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
1816 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
1821 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
1828 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "ISA"))
1832 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name, "OVERLOAD"))
1836 if (len == 3 && strEQ(name, "SIG"))
1839 case '\017': /* $^O & $^OPEN */
1841 || (len == 4 && strEQ(name, "\017PEN")))
1847 if (len > 1 && strEQ(name, "\025NICODE"))
1849 case '\027': /* $^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
1851 || (len == 12 && strEQ(name, "\027ARNING_BITS"))
1883 case '\001': /* $^A */
1884 case '\003': /* $^C */
1885 case '\004': /* $^D */
1886 case '\005': /* $^E */
1887 case '\006': /* $^F */
1888 case '\010': /* $^H */
1889 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1890 case '\014': /* $^L */
1891 case '\016': /* $^N */
1892 case '\020': /* $^P */
1893 case '\023': /* $^S */
1894 case '\026': /* $^V */
1898 case '\024': /* $^T, ${^TAINT} */
1899 if (len == 1 || strEQ(name, "\024AINT"))
1912 char *end = name + len;
1913 while (--end > name) {