3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * 'Mercy!' cried Gandalf. 'If the giving of information is to be the cure
13 * of your inquisitiveness, I shall spend all the rest of my days answering
14 * you. What more do you want to know?'
15 * 'The names of all the stars, and of all living things, and the whole
16 * history of Middle-earth and Over-heaven and of the Sundering Seas,'
23 A GV is a structure which corresponds to to a Perl typeglob, ie *foo.
24 It is a structure that holds a pointer to a scalar, an array, a hash etc,
25 corresponding to $foo, @foo, %foo.
27 GVs are usually found as values in stashes (symbol table hashes) where
28 Perl stores its global variables.
38 static const char S_autoload[] = "AUTOLOAD";
39 static const STRLEN S_autolen = sizeof(S_autoload)-1;
42 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
44 Perl_gv_SVadd(pTHX_ GV *gv)
46 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_SVADD;
48 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
49 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for scalar");
57 Perl_gv_AVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
59 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AVADD;
61 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
62 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for array");
69 Perl_gv_HVadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
71 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_HVADD;
73 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV)
74 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for hash");
81 Perl_gv_IOadd(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
85 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_IOADD;
87 if (!gv || SvTYPE((SV*)gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
90 * if it walks like a dirhandle, then let's assume that
91 * this is a dirhandle.
93 const char * const fh =
94 PL_op->op_type == OP_READDIR ||
95 PL_op->op_type == OP_TELLDIR ||
96 PL_op->op_type == OP_SEEKDIR ||
97 PL_op->op_type == OP_REWINDDIR ||
98 PL_op->op_type == OP_CLOSEDIR ?
99 "dirhandle" : "filehandle";
100 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for %s", fh);
104 #ifdef GV_UNIQUE_CHECK
106 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad symbol for filehandle (GV is unique)");
115 Perl_gv_fetchfile(pTHX_ const char *name)
117 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE;
118 return gv_fetchfile_flags(name, strlen(name), 0);
122 Perl_gv_fetchfile_flags(pTHX_ const char *const name, const STRLEN namelen,
128 const STRLEN tmplen = namelen + 2;
131 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHFILE_FLAGS;
132 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
137 if (tmplen <= sizeof smallbuf)
140 Newx(tmpbuf, tmplen, char);
141 /* This is where the debugger's %{"::_<$filename"} hash is created */
144 memcpy(tmpbuf + 2, name, namelen);
145 gv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, TRUE);
147 gv_init(gv, PL_defstash, tmpbuf, tmplen, FALSE);
148 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
149 GvSV(gv) = newSVpvn(name, namelen);
151 sv_setpvn(GvSV(gv), name, namelen);
154 hv_magic(GvHVn(gv_AVadd(gv)), NULL, PERL_MAGIC_dbfile);
156 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
162 =for apidoc gv_const_sv
164 If C<gv> is a typeglob whose subroutine entry is a constant sub eligible for
165 inlining, or C<gv> is a placeholder reference that would be promoted to such
166 a typeglob, then returns the value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns
173 Perl_gv_const_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv)
175 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CONST_SV;
177 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV)
178 return cv_const_sv(GvCVu(gv));
179 return SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
183 Perl_newGP(pTHX_ GV *const gv)
188 const char *const file
189 = (PL_curcop && CopFILE(PL_curcop)) ? CopFILE(PL_curcop) : "";
190 const STRLEN len = strlen(file);
192 SV *const temp_sv = CopFILESV(PL_curcop);
196 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGP;
199 file = SvPVX(temp_sv);
200 len = SvCUR(temp_sv);
207 PERL_HASH(hash, file, len);
211 #ifndef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
212 gp->gp_sv = newSV(0);
215 gp->gp_line = PL_curcop ? CopLINE(PL_curcop) : 0;
216 /* XXX Ideally this cast would be replaced with a change to const char*
218 gp->gp_file_hek = share_hek(file, len, hash);
226 Perl_gv_init(pTHX_ GV *gv, HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, int multi)
229 const U32 old_type = SvTYPE(gv);
230 const bool doproto = old_type > SVt_NULL;
231 char * const proto = (doproto && SvPOK(gv)) ? SvPVX(gv) : NULL;
232 const STRLEN protolen = proto ? SvCUR(gv) : 0;
233 SV *const has_constant = doproto && SvROK(gv) ? SvRV(gv) : NULL;
234 const U32 exported_constant = has_constant ? SvPCS_IMPORTED(gv) : 0;
236 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT;
237 assert (!(proto && has_constant));
240 /* The constant has to be a simple scalar type. */
241 switch (SvTYPE(has_constant)) {
247 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob",
248 sv_reftype(has_constant, 0));
256 if (old_type < SVt_PVGV) {
257 if (old_type >= SVt_PV)
259 sv_upgrade((SV*)gv, SVt_PVGV);
267 Safefree(SvPVX_mutable(gv));
272 GvGP(gv) = Perl_newGP(aTHX_ gv);
275 Perl_sv_add_backref(aTHX_ (SV*)stash, (SV*)gv);
276 gv_name_set(gv, name, len, GV_ADD);
277 if (multi || doproto) /* doproto means it _was_ mentioned */
279 if (doproto) { /* Replicate part of newSUB here. */
282 /* newCONSTSUB takes ownership of the reference from us. */
283 GvCV(gv) = newCONSTSUB(stash, name, has_constant);
284 /* If this reference was a copy of another, then the subroutine
285 must have been "imported", by a Perl space assignment to a GV
286 from a reference to CV. */
287 if (exported_constant)
288 GvIMPORTED_CV_on(gv);
290 (void) start_subparse(0,0); /* Create empty CV in compcv. */
291 GvCV(gv) = PL_compcv;
295 mro_method_changed_in(GvSTASH(gv)); /* sub Foo::bar($) { (shift) } sub ASDF::baz($); *ASDF::baz = \&Foo::bar */
297 CvFILE_set_from_cop(GvCV(gv), PL_curcop);
298 CvSTASH(GvCV(gv)) = PL_curstash;
300 sv_usepvn_flags((SV*)GvCV(gv), proto, protolen,
301 SV_HAS_TRAILING_NUL);
307 S_gv_init_sv(pTHX_ GV *gv, const svtype sv_type)
309 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_INIT_SV;
321 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
329 /* Work round what appears to be a bug in Sun C++ 5.8 2005/10/13
330 If we just cast GvSVn(gv) to void, it ignores evaluating it for
338 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth
340 Returns the glob with the given C<name> and a defined subroutine or
341 C<NULL>. The glob lives in the given C<stash>, or in the stashes
342 accessible via @ISA and UNIVERSAL::.
344 The argument C<level> should be either 0 or -1. If C<level==0>, as a
345 side-effect creates a glob with the given C<name> in the given C<stash>
346 which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets
347 up caching info for this glob.
349 This function grants C<"SUPER"> token as a postfix of the stash name. The
350 GV returned from C<gv_fetchmeth> may be a method cache entry, which is not
351 visible to Perl code. So when calling C<call_sv>, you should not use
352 the GV directly; instead, you should use the method's CV, which can be
353 obtained from the GV with the C<GvCV> macro.
358 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
361 Perl_gv_fetchmeth(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
369 GV* candidate = NULL;
374 I32 create = (level >= 0) ? 1 : 0;
379 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH;
381 /* UNIVERSAL methods should be callable without a stash */
383 create = 0; /* probably appropriate */
384 if(!(stash = gv_stashpvs("UNIVERSAL", 0)))
390 hvname = HvNAME_get(stash);
392 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup");
397 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Looking for method %s in package %s\n",name,hvname) );
399 topgen_cmp = HvMROMETA(stash)->cache_gen + PL_sub_generation;
401 /* check locally for a real method or a cache entry */
402 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, create);
406 if (SvTYPE(topgv) != SVt_PVGV)
407 gv_init(topgv, stash, name, len, TRUE);
408 if ((cand_cv = GvCV(topgv))) {
409 /* If genuine method or valid cache entry, use it */
410 if (!GvCVGEN(topgv) || GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
414 /* stale cache entry, junk it and move on */
415 SvREFCNT_dec(cand_cv);
416 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv = NULL;
420 else if (GvCVGEN(topgv) == topgen_cmp) {
421 /* cache indicates no such method definitively */
426 packlen = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
427 if (packlen >= 7 && strEQ(hvname + packlen - 7, "::SUPER")) {
430 basestash = gv_stashpvn(hvname, packlen, GV_ADD);
431 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(basestash);
434 linear_av = mro_get_linear_isa(stash); /* has ourselves at the top of the list */
437 linear_svp = AvARRAY(linear_av) + 1; /* skip over self */
438 items = AvFILLp(linear_av); /* no +1, to skip over self */
440 linear_sv = *linear_svp++;
442 cstash = gv_stashsv(linear_sv, 0);
445 if (ckWARN(WARN_SYNTAX))
446 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SYNTAX), "Can't locate package %"SVf" for @%s::ISA",
447 SVfARG(linear_sv), hvname);
453 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(cstash, name, len, 0);
457 if (SvTYPE(candidate) != SVt_PVGV) gv_init(candidate, cstash, name, len, TRUE);
458 if (SvTYPE(candidate) == SVt_PVGV && (cand_cv = GvCV(candidate)) && !GvCVGEN(candidate)) {
460 * Found real method, cache method in topgv if:
461 * 1. topgv has no synonyms (else inheritance crosses wires)
462 * 2. method isn't a stub (else AUTOLOAD fails spectacularly)
464 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
465 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
466 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
467 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
468 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
474 /* Check UNIVERSAL without caching */
475 if(level == 0 || level == -1) {
476 candidate = gv_fetchmeth(NULL, name, len, 1);
478 cand_cv = GvCV(candidate);
479 if (topgv && (GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) && (CvROOT(cand_cv) || CvXSUB(cand_cv))) {
480 if ((old_cv = GvCV(topgv))) SvREFCNT_dec(old_cv);
481 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(cand_cv);
482 GvCV(topgv) = cand_cv;
483 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
489 if (topgv && GvREFCNT(topgv) == 1) {
490 /* cache the fact that the method is not defined */
491 GvCVGEN(topgv) = topgen_cmp;
498 =for apidoc gv_fetchmeth_autoload
500 Same as gv_fetchmeth(), but looks for autoloaded subroutines too.
501 Returns a glob for the subroutine.
503 For an autoloaded subroutine without a GV, will create a GV even
504 if C<level < 0>. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, GvCV()
505 of the result may be zero.
511 Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 level)
513 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, level);
515 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETH_AUTOLOAD;
522 return NULL; /* UNIVERSAL::AUTOLOAD could cause trouble */
523 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
525 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
528 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
530 /* Have an autoload */
531 if (level < 0) /* Cannot do without a stub */
532 gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, len, 0);
533 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash, name, len, (level >= 0));
542 =for apidoc gv_fetchmethod_autoload
544 Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method
545 on the C<stash>. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the
546 glob for "AUTOLOAD". In this case the corresponding variable $AUTOLOAD is
549 The third parameter of C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload> determines whether
550 AUTOLOAD lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero
551 means yes, look for AUTOLOAD; zero means no, don't look for AUTOLOAD.
552 Calling C<gv_fetchmethod> is equivalent to calling C<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>
553 with a non-zero C<autoload> parameter.
555 These functions grant C<"SUPER"> token as a prefix of the method name. Note
556 that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to
557 check for it being "AUTOLOAD", since at the later time the call may load a
558 different subroutine due to $AUTOLOAD changing its value. Use the glob
559 created via a side effect to do this.
561 These functions have the same side-effects and as C<gv_fetchmeth> with
562 C<level==0>. C<name> should be writable if contains C<':'> or C<'
563 ''>. The warning against passing the GV returned by C<gv_fetchmeth> to
564 C<call_sv> apply equally to these functions.
570 S_gv_get_super_pkg(pTHX_ const char* name, I32 namelen)
577 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_GET_SUPER_PKG;
579 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, 0);
580 if(stash) return stash;
582 /* If we must create it, give it an @ISA array containing
583 the real package this SUPER is for, so that it's tied
584 into the cache invalidation code correctly */
585 stash = gv_stashpvn(name, namelen, GV_ADD);
586 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetchs(stash, "ISA", TRUE);
588 gv_init(gv, stash, "ISA", 3, TRUE);
589 superisa = GvAVn(gv);
591 sv_magic((SV*)superisa, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
593 av_push(superisa, newSVpv(CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop), 0));
595 av_push(superisa, newSVhek(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)
596 ? HvNAME_HEK(CopSTASH(PL_curcop)) : NULL));
603 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, I32 autoload)
605 return gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash, name, autoload ? GV_AUTOLOAD : 0);
608 /* Don't merge this yet, as it's likely to get a len parameter, and possibly
611 Perl_gv_fetchmethod_flags(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, U32 flags)
614 register const char *nend;
615 const char *nsplit = NULL;
618 const char * const origname = name;
619 SV *const error_report = (SV *)stash;
620 const U32 autoload = flags & GV_AUTOLOAD;
621 const U32 do_croak = flags & GV_CROAK;
623 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHMETHOD_AUTOLOAD;
625 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV)
628 /* The only way stash can become NULL later on is if nsplit is set,
629 which in turn means that there is no need for a SVt_PVHV case
630 the error reporting code. */
633 for (nend = name; *nend; nend++) {
638 else if (*nend == ':' && *(nend + 1) == ':') {
644 if ((nsplit - origname) == 5 && memEQ(origname, "SUPER", 5)) {
645 /* ->SUPER::method should really be looked up in original stash */
646 SV * const tmpstr = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_ "%s::SUPER",
647 CopSTASHPV(PL_curcop)));
648 /* __PACKAGE__::SUPER stash should be autovivified */
649 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(SvPVX_const(tmpstr), SvCUR(tmpstr));
650 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Treating %s as %s::%s\n",
651 origname, HvNAME_get(stash), name) );
654 /* don't autovifify if ->NoSuchStash::method */
655 stash = gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname, 0);
657 /* however, explicit calls to Pkg::SUPER::method may
658 happen, and may require autovivification to work */
659 if (!stash && (nsplit - origname) >= 7 &&
660 strnEQ(nsplit - 7, "::SUPER", 7) &&
661 gv_stashpvn(origname, nsplit - origname - 7, 0))
662 stash = gv_get_super_pkg(origname, nsplit - origname);
667 gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, name, nend - name, 0);
669 if (strEQ(name,"import") || strEQ(name,"unimport"))
670 gv = (GV*)&PL_sv_yes;
672 gv = gv_autoload4(ostash, name, nend - name, TRUE);
673 if (!gv && do_croak) {
674 /* Right now this is exclusively for the benefit of S_method_common
678 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\"",
679 name, (int)HvNAMELEN_get(stash), HvNAME_get(stash));
683 const char *packname;
686 packlen = nsplit - origname;
689 packname = SvPV_const(error_report, packlen);
693 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%.*s\""
694 " (perhaps you forgot to load \"%.*s\"?)",
695 name, (int)packlen, packname, (int)packlen, packname);
700 CV* const cv = GvCV(gv);
701 if (!CvROOT(cv) && !CvXSUB(cv)) {
709 if (GvCV(stubgv) != cv) /* orphaned import */
712 autogv = gv_autoload4(GvSTASH(stubgv),
713 GvNAME(stubgv), GvNAMELEN(stubgv), TRUE);
723 Perl_gv_autoload4(pTHX_ HV *stash, const char *name, STRLEN len, I32 method)
731 const char *packname = "";
732 STRLEN packname_len = 0;
734 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AUTOLOAD4;
736 if (len == S_autolen && memEQ(name, S_autoload, S_autolen))
739 if (SvTYPE(stash) < SVt_PVHV) {
740 packname = SvPV_const((SV*)stash, packname_len);
744 packname = HvNAME_get(stash);
745 packname_len = HvNAMELEN_get(stash);
748 if (!(gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE)))
752 if (!(CvROOT(cv) || CvXSUB(cv)))
756 * Inheriting AUTOLOAD for non-methods works ... for now.
758 if (!method && (GvCVGEN(gv) || GvSTASH(gv) != stash)
759 && ckWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX)
761 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
762 "Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s::%.*s() is deprecated",
763 packname, (int)len, name);
766 /* rather than lookup/init $AUTOLOAD here
767 * only to have the XSUB do another lookup for $AUTOLOAD
768 * and split that value on the last '::',
769 * pass along the same data via some unused fields in the CV
772 SvPV_set(cv, (char *)name); /* cast to lose constness warning */
778 * Given &FOO::AUTOLOAD, set $FOO::AUTOLOAD to desired function name.
779 * The subroutine's original name may not be "AUTOLOAD", so we don't
780 * use that, but for lack of anything better we will use the sub's
781 * original package to look up $AUTOLOAD.
783 varstash = GvSTASH(CvGV(cv));
784 vargv = *(GV**)hv_fetch(varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, TRUE);
788 gv_init(vargv, varstash, S_autoload, S_autolen, FALSE);
789 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
790 GvSV(vargv) = newSV(0);
794 varsv = GvSVn(vargv);
795 sv_setpvn(varsv, packname, packname_len);
796 sv_catpvs(varsv, "::");
797 sv_catpvn(varsv, name, len);
802 /* require_tie_mod() internal routine for requiring a module
803 * that implements the logic of automatical ties like %! and %-
805 * The "gv" parameter should be the glob.
806 * "varpv" holds the name of the var, used for error messages.
807 * "namesv" holds the module name. Its refcount will be decremented.
808 * "methpv" holds the method name to test for to check that things
809 * are working reasonably close to as expected.
810 * "flags": if flag & 1 then save the scalar before loading.
811 * For the protection of $! to work (it is set by this routine)
812 * the sv slot must already be magicalized.
815 S_require_tie_mod(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *varpv, SV* namesv, const char *methpv,const U32 flags)
818 HV* stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
820 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_REQUIRE_TIE_MOD;
822 if (!stash || !(gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))) {
823 SV *module = newSVsv(namesv);
824 char varname = *varpv; /* varpv might be clobbered by load_module,
825 so save it. For the moment it's always
831 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
832 Perl_load_module(aTHX_ PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT, module, NULL);
836 stash = gv_stashsv(namesv, 0);
838 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" is not available",
839 varname, SVfARG(namesv));
840 else if (!gv_fetchmethod(stash, methpv))
841 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: Can't use %%%c because %"SVf" does not support method %s",
842 varname, SVfARG(namesv), methpv);
844 SvREFCNT_dec(namesv);
849 =for apidoc gv_stashpv
851 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. Uses C<strlen> to
852 determine the length of C<name>, then calls C<gv_stashpvn()>.
858 Perl_gv_stashpv(pTHX_ const char *name, I32 create)
860 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPV;
861 return gv_stashpvn(name, strlen(name), create);
865 =for apidoc gv_stashpvn
867 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. The C<namelen>
868 parameter indicates the length of the C<name>, in bytes. C<flags> is passed
869 to C<gv_fetchpvn_flags()>, so if set to C<GV_ADD> then the package will be
870 created if it does not already exist. If the package does not exist and
871 C<flags> is 0 (or any other setting that does not create packages) then NULL
879 Perl_gv_stashpvn(pTHX_ const char *name, U32 namelen, I32 flags)
886 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHPVN;
888 if (namelen + 2 <= sizeof smallbuf)
891 Newx(tmpbuf, namelen + 2, char);
892 Copy(name,tmpbuf,namelen,char);
893 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
894 tmpbuf[namelen++] = ':';
895 tmpgv = gv_fetchpvn_flags(tmpbuf, namelen, flags, SVt_PVHV);
896 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
901 GvHV(tmpgv) = newHV();
903 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
904 hv_name_set(stash, name, namelen, 0);
909 =for apidoc gv_stashsv
911 Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. See C<gv_stashpvn>.
917 Perl_gv_stashsv(pTHX_ SV *sv, I32 flags)
920 const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv,len);
922 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_STASHSV;
924 return gv_stashpvn(ptr, len, flags);
929 Perl_gv_fetchpv(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, I32 add, const svtype sv_type) {
930 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPV;
931 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, strlen(nambeg), add, sv_type);
935 Perl_gv_fetchsv(pTHX_ SV *name, I32 flags, const svtype sv_type) {
937 const char * const nambeg = SvPV_const(name, len);
938 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHSV;
939 return gv_fetchpvn_flags(nambeg, len, flags | SvUTF8(name), sv_type);
943 Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(pTHX_ const char *nambeg, STRLEN full_len, I32 flags,
944 const svtype sv_type)
947 register const char *name = nambeg;
948 register GV *gv = NULL;
951 register const char *name_cursor;
953 const I32 no_init = flags & (GV_NOADD_NOINIT | GV_NOINIT);
954 const I32 no_expand = flags & GV_NOEXPAND;
955 const I32 add = flags & ~GV_NOADD_MASK;
956 const char *const name_end = nambeg + full_len;
957 const char *const name_em1 = name_end - 1;
960 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FETCHPVN_FLAGS;
962 if (flags & GV_NOTQUAL) {
963 /* Caller promised that there is no stash, so we can skip the check. */
968 if (full_len > 2 && *name == '*' && isALPHA(name[1])) {
969 /* accidental stringify on a GV? */
973 for (name_cursor = name; name_cursor < name_end; name_cursor++) {
974 if ((*name_cursor == ':' && name_cursor < name_em1
975 && name_cursor[1] == ':')
976 || (*name_cursor == '\'' && name_cursor[1]))
980 if (!stash || !SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
983 len = name_cursor - name;
988 if (len + 2 <= (I32)sizeof (smallbuf))
991 Newx(tmpbuf, len+2, char);
992 Copy(name, tmpbuf, len, char);
995 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,tmpbuf,len,add);
996 gv = gvp ? *gvp : NULL;
997 if (gv && gv != (GV*)&PL_sv_undef) {
998 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV)
999 gv_init(gv, stash, tmpbuf, len, (add & GV_ADDMULTI));
1003 if (tmpbuf != smallbuf)
1005 if (!gv || gv == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
1008 if (!(stash = GvHV(gv)))
1009 stash = GvHV(gv) = newHV();
1011 if (!HvNAME_get(stash))
1012 hv_name_set(stash, nambeg, name_cursor - nambeg, 0);
1015 if (*name_cursor == ':')
1019 if (name == name_end)
1020 return gv ? gv : (GV*)*hv_fetchs(PL_defstash, "main::", TRUE);
1023 len = name_cursor - name;
1025 /* No stash in name, so see how we can default */
1029 if (len && isIDFIRST_lazy(name)) {
1030 bool global = FALSE;
1038 if ((name[0] == 'I' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'C')
1039 || (name[0] == 'E' && name[1] == 'N' && name[2] == 'V')
1040 || (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G'))
1044 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1049 if (name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D'
1050 && name[3] == 'I' && name[4] == 'N')
1054 if ((name[0] == 'S' && name[1] == 'T' && name[2] == 'D')
1055 &&((name[3] == 'O' && name[4] == 'U' && name[5] == 'T')
1056 ||(name[3] == 'E' && name[4] == 'R' && name[5] == 'R')))
1060 if (name[0] == 'A' && name[1] == 'R' && name[2] == 'G'
1061 && name[3] == 'V' && name[4] == 'O' && name[5] == 'U'
1068 stash = PL_defstash;
1069 else if (IN_PERL_COMPILETIME) {
1070 stash = PL_curstash;
1071 if (add && (PL_hints & HINT_STRICT_VARS) &&
1072 sv_type != SVt_PVCV &&
1073 sv_type != SVt_PVGV &&
1074 sv_type != SVt_PVFM &&
1075 sv_type != SVt_PVIO &&
1076 !(len == 1 && sv_type == SVt_PV &&
1077 (*name == 'a' || *name == 'b')) )
1079 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,0);
1081 *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef ||
1082 SvTYPE(*gvp) != SVt_PVGV)
1086 else if ((sv_type == SVt_PV && !GvIMPORTED_SV(*gvp)) ||
1087 (sv_type == SVt_PVAV && !GvIMPORTED_AV(*gvp)) ||
1088 (sv_type == SVt_PVHV && !GvIMPORTED_HV(*gvp)) )
1090 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "Variable \"%c%s\" is not imported",
1091 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? '@' :
1092 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? '%' : '$',
1095 Perl_warn(aTHX_ "\t(Did you mean &%s instead?)\n", name);
1101 stash = CopSTASH(PL_curcop);
1104 stash = PL_defstash;
1107 /* By this point we should have a stash and a name */
1111 SV * const err = Perl_mess(aTHX_
1112 "Global symbol \"%s%s\" requires explicit package name",
1113 (sv_type == SVt_PV ? "$"
1114 : sv_type == SVt_PVAV ? "@"
1115 : sv_type == SVt_PVHV ? "%"
1118 if (USE_UTF8_IN_NAMES)
1121 gv = gv_fetchpvn_flags("<none>::", 8, GV_ADDMULTI, SVt_PVHV);
1123 /* symbol table under destruction */
1132 if (!SvREFCNT(stash)) /* symbol table under destruction */
1135 gvp = (GV**)hv_fetch(stash,name,len,add);
1136 if (!gvp || *gvp == (GV*)&PL_sv_undef)
1139 if (SvTYPE(gv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1142 gv_init_sv(gv, sv_type);
1143 if (len == 1 && (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)) {
1145 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1146 else if (*name == '-' || *name == '+')
1147 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1151 } else if (no_init) {
1153 } else if (no_expand && SvROK(gv)) {
1157 /* Adding a new symbol.
1158 Unless of course there was already something non-GV here, in which case
1159 we want to behave as if there was always a GV here, containing some sort
1161 Otherwise we run the risk of creating things like GvIO, which can cause
1162 subtle bugs. eg the one that tripped up SQL::Translator */
1164 faking_it = SvOK(gv);
1166 if (add & GV_ADDWARN && ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1167 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL), "Had to create %s unexpectedly", nambeg);
1168 gv_init(gv, stash, name, len, add & GV_ADDMULTI);
1169 gv_init_sv(gv, faking_it ? SVt_PVCV : sv_type);
1171 if (isALPHA(name[0]) && ! (isLEXWARN_on ? ckWARN(WARN_ONCE)
1172 : (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON ) ) )
1175 /* set up magic where warranted */
1180 /* Nothing else to do.
1181 The compiler will probably turn the switch statement into a
1182 branch table. Make sure we avoid even that small overhead for
1183 the common case of lower case variable names. */
1187 const char * const name2 = name + 1;
1190 if (strEQ(name2, "RGV")) {
1191 IoFLAGS(GvIOn(gv)) |= IOf_ARGV|IOf_START;
1193 else if (strEQ(name2, "RGVOUT")) {
1198 if (strnEQ(name2, "XPORT", 5))
1202 if (strEQ(name2, "SA")) {
1203 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1205 sv_magic((SV*)av, (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_isa, NULL, 0);
1206 /* NOTE: No support for tied ISA */
1207 if ((add & GV_ADDMULTI) && strEQ(nambeg,"AnyDBM_File::ISA")
1208 && AvFILLp(av) == -1)
1211 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "NDBM_File",9));
1212 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1213 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "DB_File",7));
1214 gv_stashpvn(pname, 7, GV_ADD);
1215 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "GDBM_File",9));
1216 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1217 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "SDBM_File",9));
1218 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1219 av_push(av, newSVpvn(pname = "ODBM_File",9));
1220 gv_stashpvn(pname, 9, GV_ADD);
1225 if (strEQ(name2, "VERLOAD")) {
1226 HV* const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1228 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_overload);
1232 if (strEQ(name2, "IG")) {
1236 Newxz(PL_psig_ptr, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1237 Newxz(PL_psig_name, SIG_SIZE, SV*);
1238 Newxz(PL_psig_pend, SIG_SIZE, int);
1242 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_sig);
1243 for (i = 1; i < SIG_SIZE; i++) {
1244 SV * const * const init = hv_fetch(hv, PL_sig_name[i], strlen(PL_sig_name[i]), 1);
1246 sv_setsv(*init, &PL_sv_undef);
1248 PL_psig_name[i] = 0;
1249 PL_psig_pend[i] = 0;
1254 if (strEQ(name2, "ERSION"))
1257 case '\003': /* $^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
1258 if (strEQ(name2, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE"))
1261 case '\005': /* $^ENCODING */
1262 if (strEQ(name2, "NCODING"))
1265 case '\015': /* $^MATCH */
1266 if (strEQ(name2, "ATCH"))
1268 case '\017': /* $^OPEN */
1269 if (strEQ(name2, "PEN"))
1272 case '\020': /* $^PREMATCH $^POSTMATCH */
1273 if (strEQ(name2, "REMATCH") || strEQ(name2, "OSTMATCH"))
1275 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
1276 if (strEQ(name2, "AINT"))
1279 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE}, ${^UTF8LOCALE} */
1280 if (strEQ(name2, "NICODE"))
1282 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8LOCALE"))
1284 if (strEQ(name2, "TF8CACHE"))
1287 case '\027': /* $^WARNING_BITS */
1288 if (strEQ(name2, "ARNING_BITS"))
1301 /* Ensures that we have an all-digit variable, ${"1foo"} fails
1303 /* This snippet is taken from is_gv_magical */
1304 const char *end = name + len;
1305 while (--end > name) {
1306 if (!isDIGIT(*end)) return gv;
1313 /* Names of length 1. (Or 0. But name is NUL terminated, so that will
1314 be case '\0' in this switch statement (ie a default case) */
1320 sv_type == SVt_PVAV ||
1321 sv_type == SVt_PVHV ||
1322 sv_type == SVt_PVCV ||
1323 sv_type == SVt_PVFM ||
1326 PL_sawampersand = TRUE;
1330 sv_setpv(GvSVn(gv),PL_chopset);
1334 #ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
1335 SvUPGRADE(GvSVn(gv), SVt_PVLV);
1341 /* If %! has been used, automatically load Errno.pm. */
1343 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1345 /* magicalization must be done before require_tie_mod is called */
1346 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1347 require_tie_mod(gv, "!", newSVpvs("Errno"), "TIEHASH", 1);
1352 GvMULTI_on(gv); /* no used once warnings here */
1354 AV* const av = GvAVn(gv);
1355 SV* const avc = (*name == '+') ? (SV*)av : NULL;
1357 sv_magic((SV*)av, avc, PERL_MAGIC_regdata, NULL, 0);
1358 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1360 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1363 if (sv_type == SVt_PVHV || sv_type == SVt_PVGV)
1364 require_tie_mod(gv, name, newSVpvs("Tie::Hash::NamedCapture"), "TIEHASH", 0);
1370 if (sv_type == SVt_PV && ckWARN2_d(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX))
1371 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN2(WARN_DEPRECATED, WARN_SYNTAX),
1372 "$%c is no longer supported", *name);
1375 sv_setiv(GvSVn(gv), (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0);
1378 case '\010': /* $^H */
1380 HV *const hv = GvHVn(gv);
1381 hv_magic(hv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_hints);
1384 case '\023': /* $^S */
1386 SvREADONLY_on(GvSVn(gv));
1410 case '\001': /* $^A */
1411 case '\003': /* $^C */
1412 case '\004': /* $^D */
1413 case '\005': /* $^E */
1414 case '\006': /* $^F */
1415 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
1416 case '\016': /* $^N */
1417 case '\017': /* $^O */
1418 case '\020': /* $^P */
1419 case '\024': /* $^T */
1420 case '\027': /* $^W */
1422 sv_magic(GvSVn(gv), (SV*)gv, PERL_MAGIC_sv, name, len);
1425 case '\014': /* $^L */
1426 sv_setpvn(GvSVn(gv),"\f",1);
1427 PL_formfeed = GvSVn(gv);
1430 sv_setpvn(GvSVn(gv),"\034",1);
1434 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1435 if (!sv_derived_from(PL_patchlevel, "version"))
1436 upg_version(PL_patchlevel, TRUE);
1437 GvSV(gv) = vnumify(PL_patchlevel);
1438 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1442 case '\026': /* $^V */
1444 SV * const sv = GvSVn(gv);
1445 GvSV(gv) = new_version(PL_patchlevel);
1446 SvREADONLY_on(GvSV(gv));
1456 Perl_gv_fullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1460 const HV * const hv = GvSTASH(gv);
1462 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_FULLNAME4;
1468 sv_setpv(sv, prefix ? prefix : "");
1470 name = HvNAME_get(hv);
1472 namelen = HvNAMELEN_get(hv);
1478 if (keepmain || strNE(name, "main")) {
1479 sv_catpvn(sv,name,namelen);
1482 sv_catpvn(sv,GvNAME(gv),GvNAMELEN(gv));
1486 Perl_gv_efullname4(pTHX_ SV *sv, const GV *gv, const char *prefix, bool keepmain)
1488 const GV * const egv = GvEGV(gv);
1490 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_EFULLNAME4;
1492 gv_fullname4(sv, egv ? egv : gv, prefix, keepmain);
1500 IO * const io = (IO*)newSV_type(SVt_PVIO);
1501 /* This used to read SvREFCNT(io) = 1;
1502 It's not clear why the reference count needed an explicit reset. NWC
1504 assert (SvREFCNT(io) == 1);
1506 /* Clear the stashcache because a new IO could overrule a package name */
1507 hv_clear(PL_stashcache);
1508 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("FileHandle::", 0, SVt_PVHV);
1509 /* unless exists($main::{FileHandle}) and defined(%main::FileHandle::) */
1510 if (!(iogv && GvHV(iogv) && HvARRAY(GvHV(iogv))))
1511 iogv = gv_fetchpvs("IO::Handle::", GV_ADD, SVt_PVHV);
1512 SvSTASH_set(io, (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(GvHV(iogv)));
1517 Perl_gv_check(pTHX_ const HV *stash)
1522 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_CHECK;
1524 if (!HvARRAY(stash))
1526 for (i = 0; i <= (I32) HvMAX(stash); i++) {
1528 for (entry = HvARRAY(stash)[i]; entry; entry = HeNEXT(entry)) {
1531 if (HeKEY(entry)[HeKLEN(entry)-1] == ':' &&
1532 (gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry)) && isGV(gv) && (hv = GvHV(gv)))
1534 if (hv != PL_defstash && hv != stash)
1535 gv_check(hv); /* nested package */
1537 else if (isALPHA(*HeKEY(entry))) {
1539 gv = (GV*)HeVAL(entry);
1540 if (SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV || GvMULTI(gv))
1543 CopLINE_set(PL_curcop, GvLINE(gv));
1545 CopFILE(PL_curcop) = (char *)file; /* set for warning */
1547 CopFILEGV(PL_curcop)
1548 = gv_fetchfile_flags(file, HEK_LEN(GvFILE_HEK(gv)), 0);
1550 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_ONCE),
1551 "Name \"%s::%s\" used only once: possible typo",
1552 HvNAME_get(stash), GvNAME(gv));
1559 Perl_newGVgen(pTHX_ const char *pack)
1563 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_NEWGVGEN;
1565 return gv_fetchpv(Perl_form(aTHX_ "%s::_GEN_%ld", pack, (long)PL_gensym++),
1569 /* hopefully this is only called on local symbol table entries */
1572 Perl_gp_ref(pTHX_ GP *gp)
1580 /* If the GP they asked for a reference to contains
1581 a method cache entry, clear it first, so that we
1582 don't infect them with our cached entry */
1583 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1592 Perl_gp_free(pTHX_ GV *gv)
1597 if (!gv || !isGV_with_GP(gv) || !(gp = GvGP(gv)))
1599 if (gp->gp_refcnt == 0) {
1600 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INTERNAL))
1601 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_INTERNAL),
1602 "Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers"
1603 pTHX__FORMAT pTHX__VALUE);
1606 if (--gp->gp_refcnt > 0) {
1607 if (gp->gp_egv == gv)
1613 if (gp->gp_file_hek)
1614 unshare_hek(gp->gp_file_hek);
1615 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_sv);
1616 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_av);
1617 /* FIXME - another reference loop GV -> symtab -> GV ?
1618 Somehow gp->gp_hv can end up pointing at freed garbage. */
1619 if (gp->gp_hv && SvTYPE(gp->gp_hv) == SVt_PVHV) {
1620 const char *hvname = HvNAME_get(gp->gp_hv);
1621 if (PL_stashcache && hvname)
1622 (void)hv_delete(PL_stashcache, hvname, HvNAMELEN_get(gp->gp_hv),
1624 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_hv);
1626 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_io);
1627 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_cv);
1628 SvREFCNT_dec(gp->gp_form);
1635 Perl_magic_freeovrld(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
1637 AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1638 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
1640 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_MAGIC_FREEOVRLD;
1642 if (amtp && AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1644 for (i = 1; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1645 CV * const cv = amtp->table[i];
1647 SvREFCNT_dec((SV *) cv);
1648 amtp->table[i] = NULL;
1655 /* Updates and caches the CV's */
1658 Perl_Gv_AMupdate(pTHX_ HV *stash)
1661 MAGIC* const mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1663 const struct mro_meta* stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1666 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_AMUPDATE;
1668 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1670 const AMT * const amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1671 if (amtp->was_ok_am == PL_amagic_generation
1672 && amtp->was_ok_sub == newgen) {
1673 return (bool)AMT_OVERLOADED(amtp);
1675 sv_unmagic((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1678 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Recalcing overload magic in package %s\n",HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1681 amt.was_ok_am = PL_amagic_generation;
1682 amt.was_ok_sub = newgen;
1683 amt.fallback = AMGfallNO;
1687 int filled = 0, have_ovl = 0;
1690 /* Work with "fallback" key, which we assume to be first in PL_AMG_names */
1692 /* Try to find via inheritance. */
1693 GV *gv = gv_fetchmeth(stash, PL_AMG_names[0], 2, -1);
1694 SV * const sv = gv ? GvSV(gv) : NULL;
1698 lim = DESTROY_amg; /* Skip overloading entries. */
1699 #ifdef PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV
1701 NOOP; /* Equivalent to !SvTRUE and !SvOK */
1704 else if (SvTRUE(sv))
1705 amt.fallback=AMGfallYES;
1707 amt.fallback=AMGfallNEVER;
1709 for (i = 1; i < lim; i++)
1710 amt.table[i] = NULL;
1711 for (; i < NofAMmeth; i++) {
1712 const char * const cooky = PL_AMG_names[i];
1713 /* Human-readable form, for debugging: */
1714 const char * const cp = (i >= DESTROY_amg ? cooky : AMG_id2name(i));
1715 const STRLEN l = PL_AMG_namelens[i];
1717 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Checking overloading of \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1718 cp, HvNAME_get(stash)) );
1719 /* don't fill the cache while looking up!
1720 Creation of inheritance stubs in intermediate packages may
1721 conflict with the logic of runtime method substitution.
1722 Indeed, for inheritance A -> B -> C, if C overloads "+0",
1723 then we could have created stubs for "(+0" in A and C too.
1724 But if B overloads "bool", we may want to use it for
1725 numifying instead of C's "+0". */
1726 if (i >= DESTROY_amg)
1727 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth_autoload(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, 0);
1728 else /* Autoload taken care of below */
1729 gv = Perl_gv_fetchmeth(aTHX_ stash, cooky, l, -1);
1731 if (gv && (cv = GvCV(gv))) {
1733 if (GvNAMELEN(CvGV(cv)) == 3 && strEQ(GvNAME(CvGV(cv)), "nil")
1734 && strEQ(hvname = HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))), "overload")) {
1735 /* This is a hack to support autoloading..., while
1736 knowing *which* methods were declared as overloaded. */
1737 /* GvSV contains the name of the method. */
1739 SV *gvsv = GvSV(gv);
1741 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Resolving method \"%"SVf256\
1742 "\" for overloaded \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\"\n",
1743 (void*)GvSV(gv), cp, hvname) );
1744 if (!gvsv || !SvPOK(gvsv)
1745 || !(ngv = gv_fetchmethod_autoload(stash, SvPVX_const(gvsv),
1748 /* Can be an import stub (created by "can"). */
1749 const char * const name = (gvsv && SvPOK(gvsv)) ? SvPVX_const(gvsv) : "???";
1750 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s method \"%.256s\" overloading \"%s\" "\
1751 "in package \"%.256s\"",
1752 (GvCVGEN(gv) ? "Stub found while resolving"
1756 cv = GvCV(gv = ngv);
1758 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "Overloading \"%s\" in package \"%.256s\" via \"%.256s::%.256s\"\n",
1759 cp, HvNAME_get(stash), HvNAME_get(GvSTASH(CvGV(cv))),
1760 GvNAME(CvGV(cv))) );
1762 if (i < DESTROY_amg)
1764 } else if (gv) { /* Autoloaded... */
1768 amt.table[i]=(CV*)SvREFCNT_inc_simple(cv);
1771 AMT_AMAGIC_on(&amt);
1773 AMT_OVERLOADED_on(&amt);
1774 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1775 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMT));
1779 /* Here we have no table: */
1781 AMT_AMAGIC_off(&amt);
1782 sv_magic((SV*)stash, 0, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table,
1783 (char*)&amt, sizeof(AMTS));
1789 Perl_gv_handler(pTHX_ HV *stash, I32 id)
1795 struct mro_meta* stash_meta;
1797 if (!stash || !HvNAME_get(stash))
1800 stash_meta = HvMROMETA(stash);
1801 newgen = PL_sub_generation + stash_meta->pkg_gen + stash_meta->cache_gen;
1803 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1807 mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table);
1810 amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr;
1811 if ( amtp->was_ok_am != PL_amagic_generation
1812 || amtp->was_ok_sub != newgen )
1814 if (AMT_AMAGIC(amtp)) {
1815 CV * const ret = amtp->table[id];
1816 if (ret && isGV(ret)) { /* Autoloading stab */
1817 /* Passing it through may have resulted in a warning
1818 "Inherited AUTOLOAD for a non-method deprecated", since
1819 our caller is going through a function call, not a method call.
1820 So return the CV for AUTOLOAD, setting $AUTOLOAD. */
1821 GV * const gv = gv_fetchmethod(stash, PL_AMG_names[id]);
1834 Perl_amagic_call(pTHX_ SV *left, SV *right, int method, int flags)
1839 CV **cvp=NULL, **ocvp=NULL;
1840 AMT *amtp=NULL, *oamtp=NULL;
1841 int off = 0, off1, lr = 0, notfound = 0;
1842 int postpr = 0, force_cpy = 0;
1843 int assign = AMGf_assign & flags;
1844 const int assignshift = assign ? 1 : 0;
1850 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_AMAGIC_CALL;
1852 if (!(AMGf_noleft & flags) && SvAMAGIC(left)
1853 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(left)))
1854 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1855 && (ocvp = cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1856 ? (oamtp = amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1858 && ((cv = cvp[off=method+assignshift])
1859 || (assign && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && /* fallback to
1865 cv = cvp[off=method])))) {
1866 lr = -1; /* Call method for left argument */
1868 if (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && flags & AMGf_unary) {
1871 /* look for substituted methods */
1872 /* In all the covered cases we should be called with assign==0. */
1876 if ((cv = cvp[off=add_ass_amg])
1877 || ((cv = cvp[off = add_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr = 1))) {
1878 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1883 if ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_ass_amg])
1884 || ((cv = cvp[off = subtr_amg]) && (force_cpy = 0, postpr=1))) {
1885 right = &PL_sv_yes; lr = -1; assign = 1;
1889 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1892 (void)((cv = cvp[off=string_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1895 (void)((cv = cvp[off=numer_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=bool__amg]));
1898 (void)((cv = cvp[off=bool__amg])
1899 || (cv = cvp[off=numer_amg])
1900 || (cv = cvp[off=string_amg]));
1906 * SV* ref causes confusion with the interpreter variable of
1909 SV* const tmpRef=SvRV(left);
1910 if (!SvROK(tmpRef) && SvTYPE(tmpRef) <= SVt_PVMG) {
1912 * Just to be extra cautious. Maybe in some
1913 * additional cases sv_setsv is safe, too.
1915 SV* const newref = newSVsv(tmpRef);
1916 SvOBJECT_on(newref);
1917 /* As a bit of a source compatibility hack, SvAMAGIC() and
1918 friends dereference an RV, to behave the same was as when
1919 overloading was stored on the reference, not the referant.
1920 Hence we can't use SvAMAGIC_on()
1922 SvFLAGS(newref) |= SVf_AMAGIC;
1923 SvSTASH_set(newref, (HV*)SvREFCNT_inc(SvSTASH(tmpRef)));
1929 if ((cvp[off1=lt_amg] || cvp[off1=ncmp_amg])
1930 && ((cv = cvp[off=neg_amg]) || (cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg]))) {
1931 SV* const nullsv=sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1933 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1934 lt_amg,AMGf_noright);
1935 logic = SvTRUE(lessp);
1937 SV* const lessp = amagic_call(left,nullsv,
1938 ncmp_amg,AMGf_noright);
1939 logic = (SvNV(lessp) < 0);
1942 if (off==subtr_amg) {
1953 if ((cv = cvp[off=subtr_amg])) {
1955 left = sv_2mortal(newSViv(0));
1960 case iter_amg: /* XXXX Eventually should do to_gv. */
1962 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1970 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
1975 if (!cv) goto not_found;
1976 } else if (!(AMGf_noright & flags) && SvAMAGIC(right)
1977 && (stash = SvSTASH(SvRV(right)))
1978 && (mg = mg_find((SV*)stash, PERL_MAGIC_overload_table))
1979 && (cvp = (AMT_AMAGIC((AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)
1980 ? (amtp = (AMT*)mg->mg_ptr)->table
1982 && (cv = cvp[off=method])) { /* Method for right
1985 } else if (((ocvp && oamtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER
1986 && (cvp=ocvp) && (lr = -1))
1987 || (cvp && amtp->fallback > AMGfallNEVER && (lr=1)))
1988 && !(flags & AMGf_unary)) {
1989 /* We look for substitution for
1990 * comparison operations and
1992 if (method==concat_amg || method==concat_ass_amg
1993 || method==repeat_amg || method==repeat_ass_amg) {
1994 return NULL; /* Delegate operation to string conversion */
2004 postpr = 1; off=ncmp_amg; break;
2011 postpr = 1; off=scmp_amg; break;
2013 if (off != -1) cv = cvp[off];
2018 not_found: /* No method found, either report or croak */
2039 return left; /* Delegate operation to standard mechanisms. */
2042 if (ocvp && (cv=ocvp[nomethod_amg])) { /* Call report method */
2043 notfound = 1; lr = -1;
2044 } else if (cvp && (cv=cvp[nomethod_amg])) {
2045 notfound = 1; lr = 1;
2046 } else if ((amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) && !DEBUG_o_TEST) {
2047 /* Skip generating the "no method found" message. */
2051 if (off==-1) off=method;
2052 msg = sv_2mortal(Perl_newSVpvf(aTHX_
2053 "Operation \"%s\": no method found,%sargument %s%s%s%s",
2054 AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2055 (flags & AMGf_unary ? " " : "\n\tleft "),
2057 "in overloaded package ":
2058 "has no overloaded magic",
2060 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(left))):
2063 ",\n\tright argument in overloaded package ":
2066 : ",\n\tright argument has no overloaded magic"),
2068 HvNAME_get(SvSTASH(SvRV(right))):
2070 if (amtp && amtp->fallback >= AMGfallYES) {
2071 DEBUG_o( Perl_deb(aTHX_ "%s", SvPVX_const(msg)) );
2073 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%"SVf, SVfARG(msg));
2077 force_cpy = force_cpy || assign;
2082 DEBUG_o(Perl_deb(aTHX_
2083 "Overloaded operator \"%s\"%s%s%s:\n\tmethod%s found%s in package %s%s\n",
2085 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2087 method+assignshift==off? "" :
2088 AMG_id2name(method+assignshift),
2089 method+assignshift==off? "" : "\")",
2090 flags & AMGf_unary? "" :
2091 lr==1 ? " for right argument": " for left argument",
2092 flags & AMGf_unary? " for argument" : "",
2093 stash ? HvNAME_get(stash) : "null",
2094 fl? ",\n\tassignment variant used": "") );
2097 /* Since we use shallow copy during assignment, we need
2098 * to dublicate the contents, probably calling user-supplied
2099 * version of copy operator
2101 /* We need to copy in following cases:
2102 * a) Assignment form was called.
2103 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 == off
2104 * b) Increment or decrement, called directly.
2105 * assignshift==0, assign==0, method + 0 == off
2106 * c) Increment or decrement, translated to assignment add/subtr.
2107 * assignshift==0, assign==T,
2109 * d) Increment or decrement, translated to nomethod.
2110 * assignshift==0, assign==0,
2112 * e) Assignment form translated to nomethod.
2113 * assignshift==1, assign==T, method + 1 != off
2116 /* off is method, method+assignshift, or a result of opcode substitution.
2117 * In the latter case assignshift==0, so only notfound case is important.
2119 if (( (method + assignshift == off)
2120 && (assign || (method == inc_amg) || (method == dec_amg)))
2127 const bool oldcatch = CATCH_GET;
2130 Zero(&myop, 1, BINOP);
2131 myop.op_last = (OP *) &myop;
2132 myop.op_next = NULL;
2133 myop.op_flags = OPf_WANT_SCALAR | OPf_STACKED;
2135 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_OVERLOAD);
2138 PL_op = (OP *) &myop;
2139 if (PERLDB_SUB && PL_curstash != PL_debstash)
2140 PL_op->op_private |= OPpENTERSUB_DB;
2144 EXTEND(SP, notfound + 5);
2145 PUSHs(lr>0? right: left);
2146 PUSHs(lr>0? left: right);
2147 PUSHs( lr > 0 ? &PL_sv_yes : ( assign ? &PL_sv_undef : &PL_sv_no ));
2149 PUSHs(newSVpvn_flags(AMG_id2name(method + assignshift),
2150 AMG_id2namelen(method + assignshift), SVs_TEMP));
2155 if ((PL_op = Perl_pp_entersub(aTHX)))
2163 CATCH_SET(oldcatch);
2170 ans=SvIV(res)<=0; break;
2173 ans=SvIV(res)<0; break;
2176 ans=SvIV(res)>=0; break;
2179 ans=SvIV(res)>0; break;
2182 ans=SvIV(res)==0; break;
2185 ans=SvIV(res)!=0; break;
2188 SvSetSV(left,res); return left;
2190 ans=!SvTRUE(res); break;
2195 } else if (method==copy_amg) {
2197 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Copy method did not return a reference");
2199 return SvREFCNT_inc(SvRV(res));
2207 =for apidoc is_gv_magical_sv
2209 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV. Calls is_gv_magical.
2215 Perl_is_gv_magical_sv(pTHX_ SV *name, U32 flags)
2218 const char * const temp = SvPV_const(name, len);
2220 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_GV_MAGICAL_SV;
2222 return is_gv_magical(temp, len, flags);
2226 =for apidoc is_gv_magical
2228 Returns C<TRUE> if given the name of a magical GV.
2230 Currently only useful internally when determining if a GV should be
2231 created even in rvalue contexts.
2233 C<flags> is not used at present but available for future extension to
2234 allow selecting particular classes of magical variable.
2236 Currently assumes that C<name> is NUL terminated (as well as len being valid).
2237 This assumption is met by all callers within the perl core, which all pass
2238 pointers returned by SvPV.
2243 Perl_is_gv_magical(pTHX_ const char *name, STRLEN len, U32 flags)
2245 PERL_UNUSED_CONTEXT;
2246 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2248 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_IS_GV_MAGICAL;
2251 const char * const name1 = name + 1;
2254 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'S' && name[2] == 'A')
2258 if (len == 8 && strEQ(name1, "VERLOAD"))
2262 if (len == 3 && name[1] == 'I' && name[2] == 'G')
2265 /* Using ${^...} variables is likely to be sufficiently rare that
2266 it seems sensible to avoid the space hit of also checking the
2268 case '\017': /* ${^OPEN} */
2269 if (strEQ(name1, "PEN"))
2272 case '\024': /* ${^TAINT} */
2273 if (strEQ(name1, "AINT"))
2276 case '\025': /* ${^UNICODE} */
2277 if (strEQ(name1, "NICODE"))
2279 if (strEQ(name1, "TF8LOCALE"))
2282 case '\027': /* ${^WARNING_BITS} */
2283 if (strEQ(name1, "ARNING_BITS"))
2296 const char *end = name + len;
2297 while (--end > name) {
2305 /* Because we're already assuming that name is NUL terminated
2306 below, we can treat an empty name as "\0" */
2333 case '\001': /* $^A */
2334 case '\003': /* $^C */
2335 case '\004': /* $^D */
2336 case '\005': /* $^E */
2337 case '\006': /* $^F */
2338 case '\010': /* $^H */
2339 case '\011': /* $^I, NOT \t in EBCDIC */
2340 case '\014': /* $^L */
2341 case '\016': /* $^N */
2342 case '\017': /* $^O */
2343 case '\020': /* $^P */
2344 case '\023': /* $^S */
2345 case '\024': /* $^T */
2346 case '\026': /* $^V */
2347 case '\027': /* $^W */
2367 Perl_gv_name_set(pTHX_ GV *gv, const char *name, U32 len, U32 flags)
2372 PERL_ARGS_ASSERT_GV_NAME_SET;
2373 PERL_UNUSED_ARG(flags);
2376 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: gv name too long (%"UVuf")", (UV) len);
2378 if (!(flags & GV_ADD) && GvNAME_HEK(gv)) {
2379 unshare_hek(GvNAME_HEK(gv));
2382 PERL_HASH(hash, name, len);
2383 GvNAME_HEK(gv) = share_hek(name, len, hash);
2388 * c-indentation-style: bsd
2390 * indent-tabs-mode: t
2393 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: