3 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
9 use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
11 printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
13 $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
15 $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
16 # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
20 The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
21 POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
22 interfaces. Things which are C<#defines> in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are
23 automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported
24 if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the
25 fully-qualified function names.
27 This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
28 module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
29 most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being
30 identical to Perl's builtin functions.
32 The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification.
33 The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects,
34 and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various
35 constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
40 The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with
41 the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games,
42 and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great
47 A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you
48 attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they
49 aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one
50 exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
51 message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
53 Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact
54 are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites).
55 For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the
56 errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not
57 attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently
58 successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find
59 that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after
60 all. This could be construed to be a bug.
68 This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>. It exits the program
69 immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is B<not> flushed.
73 This is identical to the C function C<abort()>. It terminates the
74 process with a C<SIGABRT> signal unless caught by a signal handler or
75 if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a C<longjmp>).
79 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function, returning
80 the absolute value of its numerical argument.
84 Determines the accessibility of a file.
86 if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
87 print "have read permission\n";
90 Returns C<undef> on failure. Note: do not use C<access()> for
91 security purposes. Between the C<access()> call and the operation
92 you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic
97 This is identical to the C function C<acos()>, returning
98 the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
102 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function,
103 either for arming or disarming the C<SIGARLM> timer.
107 This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>. It returns
110 "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
112 and it is called thusly
114 $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
115 $wday, $yday, $isdst);
117 The C<$mon> is zero-based: January equals C<0>. The C<$year> is
118 1900-based: 2001 equals C<101>. The C<$wday>, C<$yday>, and C<$isdst>
119 default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway).
123 This is identical to the C function C<asin()>, returning
124 the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
128 Unimplemented, but you can use L<perlfunc/die> and the L<Carp> module
129 to achieve similar things.
133 This is identical to the C function C<atan()>, returning the
134 arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
138 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function, returning
139 the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the I<y>
140 coordinate and the I<x> coordinate. See also L<Math::Trig>.
144 atexit() is C-specific: use C<END {}> instead, see L<perlsub>.
148 atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
149 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
153 atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
154 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
155 If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
159 atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
160 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
161 If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
165 bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists,
170 calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
174 This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>, returning the smallest
175 integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.
179 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function, allowing
180 one to change the working (default) directory, see L<perlfunc/chdir>.
184 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function, allowing
185 one to change file and directory permissions, see L<perlfunc/chmod>.
189 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function, allowing one
190 to change file and directory owners and groups, see L<perlfunc/chown>.
194 Use the method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead, to reset the error
195 state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.
199 This is identical to the C function C<clock()>, returning the
200 amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
204 Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
207 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
210 Returns C<undef> on failure.
212 See also L<perlfunc/close>.
216 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function for closing
217 a directory handle, see L<perlfunc/closedir>.
221 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function, for returning
222 the cosine of its numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/cos>.
223 See also L<Math::Trig>.
227 This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>, for returning
228 the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
232 Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by
233 C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
235 $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
238 See also L<perlfunc/sysopen> and its C<O_CREAT> flag.
242 Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
244 $path = POSIX::ctermid();
248 This is identical to the C function C<ctime()> and equivalent
249 to C<asctime(localtime(...))>, see L</asctime> and L</localtime>.
253 Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
255 $name = POSIX::cuserid();
259 This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>, for returning
260 the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
261 by C<time()>), see L</time>.
265 div() is C-specific, use L<perlfunc/int> on the usual C</> division and
270 This is similar to the C function C<dup()>, for duplicating a file
273 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
276 Returns C<undef> on failure.
280 This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>, for duplicating a file
281 descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
283 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
286 Returns C<undef> on failure.
290 Returns the value of errno.
292 $errno = POSIX::errno();
294 This identical to the numerical values of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
298 execl() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
302 execle() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
306 execlp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
310 execv() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
314 execve() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
318 execvp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
322 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function for exiting the
323 program, see L<perlfunc/exit>.
327 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function for
328 returning the exponent (I<e>-based) of the numerical argument,
333 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function for returning
334 the absolute value of the numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/abs>.
338 Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/close>.
342 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function,
343 see L<perlfunc/fcntl>.
347 Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
351 Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/eof>.
355 Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead.
359 Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead.
360 See also L<perlvar/$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>.
364 Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/read>.
368 Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead, or see L<L/seek>.
372 Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead. Similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
373 as L<perlfunc/readline>.
377 Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/fileno>.
381 This is identical to the C function C<floor()>, returning the largest
382 integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.
386 This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>.
390 It returns the remainder C<$r = $x - $n*$y>, where C<$n = trunc($x/$y)>.
391 The C<$r> has the same sign as C<$x> and magnitude (absolute value)
392 less than the magnitude of C<$y>.
396 Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
400 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function
401 for duplicating the current process, see L<perlfunc/fork>
402 and L<perlfork> if you are in Windows.
406 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This
407 uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
409 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
410 pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp/foo>.
412 $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
413 $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
415 Returns C<undef> on failure.
419 fprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
423 fputc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
427 fputs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
431 fread() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/read> instead.
435 free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
439 freopen() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/open> instead.
443 Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
445 ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
449 fscanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead.
453 Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>.
457 Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead, or seek L<perlfunc/seek>.
461 Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
462 calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from
463 Perl's builtin C<stat> function.
465 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
466 @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
470 Use method C<IO::Handle::sync()> instead.
474 Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/tell>.
478 fwrite() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
482 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function,
483 see L<perlfunc/getc>.
487 Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's C<getc()>,
488 see L<perlfunc/getc>.
492 Returns the name of the current working directory.
497 Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin
498 variable C<$(>, see L<perlvar/$EGID>.
502 Returns the value of the specified enironment variable.
503 The same information is available through the C<%ENV> array.
507 Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<gt>>
508 variable, see L<perlvar/$EUID>.
512 Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin
513 variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
517 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function for
518 returning group entries by group identifiers, see
519 L<perlfunc/getgrgid>.
523 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function for
524 returning group entries by group names, see L<perlfunc/getgrnam>.
528 Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's
529 builtin variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
533 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function for
534 returning the user name associated with the current session, see
535 L<perlfunc/getlogin>.
539 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function for
540 returning the prcess group identifier of the current process, see
545 Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
546 variable C<$$>, see L<perlvar/$PID>.
550 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function for
551 returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current
552 process , see L<perlfunc/getppid>.
556 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function for
557 returning user entries by user names, see L<perlfunc/getpwnam>.
561 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function for
562 returning user entries by user identifiers, see L<perlfunc/getpwuid>.
566 Returns one line from C<STDIN>, similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
567 as the C<readline()> function, see L<perlfunc/readline>.
569 B<NOTE>: if you have C programs that still use C<gets()>, be very
570 afraid. The C<gets()> function is a source of endless grief because
571 it has no buffer overrun checks. It should B<never> be used. The
572 C<fgets()> function should be preferred instead.
576 Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<lt>> variable,
581 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function for
582 converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time,
583 see L<perlfunc/gmtime>.
587 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a
588 single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may
589 affect what characters are considered C<isalnum>. Does not work on
590 Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
591 expressions and the C</[[:alnum:]]/> construct instead, or possibly
592 the C</\w/> construct.
596 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
597 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
598 may affect what characters are considered C<isalpha>. Does not work
599 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
600 expressions and the C</[[:alpha:]]/> construct instead.
604 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected
605 to a tty. Similar to the C<-t> operator, see L<perlfunc/-X>.
609 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
610 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
611 may affect what characters are considered C<iscntrl>. Does not work
612 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
613 expressions and the C</[[:cntrl:]]/> construct instead.
617 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
618 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
619 may affect what characters are considered C<isdigit> (unlikely, but
620 still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256
621 or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:digit:]]/>
622 construct instead, or the C</\d/> construct.
626 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
627 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
628 may affect what characters are considered C<isgraph>. Does not work
629 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
630 expressions and the C</[[:graph:]]/> construct instead.
634 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
635 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
636 may affect what characters are considered C<islower>. Does not work
637 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
638 expressions and the C</[[:lower:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
643 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
644 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
645 may affect what characters are considered C<isprint>. Does not work
646 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
647 expressions and the C</[[:print:]]/> construct instead.
651 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
652 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
653 may affect what characters are considered C<ispunct>. Does not work
654 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
655 expressions and the C</[[:punct:]]/> construct instead.
659 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
660 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
661 may affect what characters are considered C<isspace>. Does not work
662 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
663 expressions and the C</[[:space:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\s/>
664 construct. (Note that C</\s/> and C</[[:space:]]/> are slightly
665 different in that C</[[:space:]]/> can normally match a vertical tab,
666 while C</\s/> does not.)
670 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
671 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
672 may affect what characters are considered C<isupper>. Does not work
673 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
674 expressions and the C</[[:upper:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
679 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
680 character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may affect what
681 characters are considered C<isxdigit> (unlikely, but still possible).
682 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
683 Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:xdigit:]]/>
684 construct instead, or simply C</[0-9a-f]/i>.
688 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function for sending
689 signals to processes (often to terminate them), see L<perlfunc/kill>.
693 (For returning absolute values of long integers.)
694 labs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/abs> instead.
698 This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()>
699 for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.
701 $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
705 (For computing dividends of long integers.)
706 ldiv() is C-specific, use C</> and C<int()> instead.
710 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function
711 for creating hard links into files, see L<perlfunc/link>.
715 Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash
716 containing the current locale formatting values.
718 Here is how to query the database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale.
720 $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
721 print "Locale = $loc\n";
722 $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
723 print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
724 print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
725 print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
726 print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
727 print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
728 print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
729 print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
730 print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
731 print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
732 print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
733 print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
734 print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
735 print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
736 print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
737 print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
738 print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
739 print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
740 print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
744 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function for
745 converting seconds since the epoch to a date see L<perlfunc/localtime>.
749 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function,
750 returning the natural (I<e>-based) logarithm of the numerical argument,
755 This is identical to the C function C<log10()>,
756 returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument.
759 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
763 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
767 sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
771 longjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
775 Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as
776 those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
778 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
779 $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
781 Returns C<undef> on failure.
785 malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
789 This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>.
790 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
791 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
796 This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>.
797 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
798 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
803 This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>.
804 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
805 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
810 memchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
814 memcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
818 memcpy() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
822 memmove() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
826 memset() is C-specific, use C<x> instead, see L<perlop>.
830 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function
831 for creating directories, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
835 This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()> for creating
838 if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
840 Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<$mode> is similar to the
841 mode of C<mkdir()>, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
845 Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
849 mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
851 The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
852 I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
853 year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the
854 year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details
855 about these and the other arguments.
857 Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
859 $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
860 print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
862 Returns C<undef> on failure.
866 Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.
868 ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
872 This is similar to the C function C<nice()>, for changing
873 the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
874 arguments mean more polite process, negative values more
875 needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.
877 Returns C<undef> on failure.
881 offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see L<perlfunc/pack> instead.
885 Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not
886 Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
888 Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
890 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
892 Open a file for read and write.
894 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
896 Open a file for write, with truncation.
898 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
900 Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
902 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
904 Returns C<undef> on failure.
906 See also L<perlfunc/sysopen>.
910 Open a directory for reading.
912 $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
913 @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
914 POSIX::closedir( $dir );
916 Returns C<undef> on failure.
920 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
922 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
923 pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp>.
925 $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
927 Returns C<undef> on failure.
931 This is similar to the C function C<pause()>, which suspends
932 the execution of the current process until a signal is received.
934 Returns C<undef> on failure.
938 This is identical to the C function C<perror()>, which outputs to the
939 standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the
940 current error string. Use the C<warn()> function and the C<$!>
941 variable instead, see L<perlfunc/warn> and L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
945 Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those
946 returned by C<POSIX::open>.
948 ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe();
949 POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 );
950 POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 );
952 See also L<perlfunc/pipe>.
956 Computes C<$x> raised to the power C<$exponent>.
958 $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
960 You can also use the C<**> operator, see L<perlop>.
964 Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
965 See also L<perlfunc/printf>.
969 putc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
973 putchar() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
977 puts() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
981 qsort() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sort> instead.
985 Sends the specified signal to the current process.
986 See also L<perlfunc/kill> and the C<$$> in L<perlvar/$PID>.
990 C<rand()> is non-portable, see L<perlfunc/rand> instead.
994 Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
995 calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the
996 read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
998 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
999 $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
1001 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1003 See also L<perlfunc/sysread>.
1007 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function
1008 for reading directory entries, see L<perlfunc/readdir>.
1012 realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
1016 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
1017 for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
1021 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function
1022 for renaming files, see L<perlfunc/rename>.
1026 Seeks to the beginning of the file.
1030 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function for
1031 rewinding directory entry streams, see L<perlfunc/rewinddir>.
1035 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function
1036 for removing (empty) directories, see L<perlfunc/rmdir>.
1040 scanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead,
1045 Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for
1046 this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
1047 C<$)> variable, see L<perlvar/$GID>, except that the latter
1048 will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid()
1049 uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated
1054 C<setjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
1055 see L<perlfunc/eval>.
1059 Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume
1061 use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
1065 The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior
1066 (the second argument C<"C">).
1068 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
1070 The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second
1071 argument means 'query'.)
1073 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
1075 The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
1076 environment variables (the second argument C<"">).
1077 Please see your systems C<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale
1078 environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>.
1080 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
1082 The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
1083 Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on
1084 your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find
1085 out which locales are available in your system.
1087 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
1091 This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()> for
1092 setting the process group identifier of the current process.
1094 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1098 This is identical to the C function C<setsid()> for
1099 setting the session identifier of the current process.
1103 Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for
1104 this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
1105 C<$E<lt>> variable, see L<perlvar/$UID>, except that the latter
1106 will change only the real user identifier.
1110 Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for the
1111 C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments. Consult your system's C<sigaction>
1112 manpage for details.
1116 sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0)
1118 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1122 siglongjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
1126 Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet>
1127 objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending>
1128 manpage for details.
1134 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1138 Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
1139 C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments.
1140 Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details.
1144 sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
1146 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1150 C<sigsetjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
1151 see L<perlfunc/eval>.
1155 Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses
1156 C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your
1157 system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details.
1161 sigsuspend(signal_mask)
1163 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1167 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function
1168 for returning the sine of the numerical argument,
1169 see L<perlfunc/sin>. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1173 This is identical to the C function C<sinh()>
1174 for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument.
1175 See also L<Math::Trig>.
1179 This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function
1180 for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain
1181 number of seconds, see L<perlfunc/sleep>. There is one signifanct
1182 difference, however: C<POSIX::sleep()> returns the number of
1183 B<unslept> seconds, while the C<CORE::sleep()> returns the
1184 number of slept seconds.
1188 This is similar to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function
1189 for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested,
1190 see L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1194 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function.
1195 for returning the square root of the numerical argument,
1196 see L<perlfunc/sqrt>.
1200 Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see L<perlfunc/srand>.
1204 sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1209 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function
1210 for retutning information about files and directories.
1214 strcat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1218 strchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
1222 strcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> or C<cmp> instead, see L<perlop>.
1226 This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()>
1227 for collating (comparing) strings transformed using
1228 the C<strxfrm()> function. Not really needed since
1229 Perl can do this transparently, see L<perllocale>.
1233 strcpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1237 strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1242 Returns the error string for the specified errno.
1243 Identical to the string form of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
1247 Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
1251 strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
1253 The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
1254 I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
1255 year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the
1256 year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details
1257 about these and the other arguments.
1259 If you want your code to be portable, your format (C<fmt>) argument
1260 should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C
1261 standard (C89, to play safe). These are C<aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%>.
1262 But even then, the B<results> of some of the conversion specifiers are
1263 non-portable. For example, the specifiers C<aAbBcpZ> change according
1264 to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the
1265 locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard.
1266 The specifier C<c> changes according to the timezone settings of the
1267 user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system.
1268 The C<Z> specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of
1269 timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the
1272 The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
1273 C<mktime()> before calling your system's C<strftime()> function,
1274 except that the C<isdst> value is not affected.
1276 The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
1278 $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
1283 strlen() is C-specific, use C<length()> instead, see L<perlfunc/length>.
1287 strncat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1291 strncmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
1295 strncpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1299 strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1304 strrchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/rindex> instead.
1308 strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1313 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function,
1314 see L<perlfunc/index>.
1318 String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number
1319 of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
1320 POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
1321 error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems
1322 may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
1324 strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
1326 To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
1329 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
1331 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
1333 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
1334 die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
1337 When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
1341 strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
1342 L<perlre>, or L<perlfunc/split>.
1346 String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and
1347 the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
1348 POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
1349 error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems
1350 may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
1352 strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
1354 To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
1357 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
1359 The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base
1360 is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the
1361 base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means
1362 octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is
1363 parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234"
1364 as a hexadecimal number.
1366 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
1368 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
1369 die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
1372 When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
1376 String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical
1377 to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See
1378 L</strtol> for details.
1380 Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul().
1381 Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.
1385 String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
1387 $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
1389 Used in conjunction with the C<strcoll()> function, see L</strcoll>.
1391 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
1396 Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
1398 The following will get the machine's clock speed.
1400 $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
1402 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1406 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function, see
1411 This is identical to the C function C<tan()>, returning the
1412 tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1416 This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>, returning the
1417 hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1421 This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()> for draining
1422 the output queue of its argument stream.
1424 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1428 This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()> for controlling
1429 the flow of its argument stream.
1431 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1435 This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()> for flushing
1436 the I/O buffers of its argument stream.
1438 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1442 This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()> for returning the
1443 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
1448 This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()> for sending
1449 a break on its argument stream.
1451 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1455 This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()> for setting the
1456 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
1459 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1463 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function
1464 for returning the number of seconds since the epoch
1465 (whatever it is for the system), see L<perlfunc/time>.
1469 The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past
1470 (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user
1471 and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock
1474 ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
1476 Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in
1481 Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead, or see L<File::Temp>.
1485 Returns a name for a temporary file.
1487 $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
1489 For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's
1490 documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface
1491 should not be used; instead see L<File::Temp>.
1495 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
1496 character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<lc()> function,
1497 see L<perlfunc/lc>, or the equivalent C<\L> operator inside doublequotish
1502 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
1503 character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<uc()> function,
1504 see L<perlfunc/uc>, or the equivalent C<\U> operator inside doublequotish
1509 This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()> for returning the
1510 name of the current terminal.
1514 Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable.
1517 ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
1521 This is identical to the C function C<tzset()> for setting
1522 the current timezone based on the environment variable C<TZ>,
1523 to be used by C<ctime()>, C<localtime()>, C<mktime()>, and C<strftime()>
1528 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function
1529 for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask,
1530 see L<perlfunc/umask>.
1534 Get name of current operating system.
1536 ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
1538 Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
1539 that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
1540 The C<$sysname> might be the name of the operating system,
1541 the C<$nodename> might be the name of the host, the C<$release>
1542 might be the (major) release number of the operating system,
1543 the C<$version> might be the (minor) release number of the
1544 operating system, and the C<$machine> might be a hardware identifier.
1549 Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead.
1553 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
1554 for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
1558 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function
1559 for changing the time stamps of files and directories,
1560 see L<perlfunc/utime>.
1564 vfprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
1568 vprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
1572 vsprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sprintf> instead.
1576 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function,
1577 see L<perlfunc/wait>.
1581 Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's
1582 builtin C<waitpid()> function, see L<perlfunc/waitpid>.
1584 $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
1585 print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
1589 This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>.
1590 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
1591 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
1596 This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>.
1597 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
1598 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
1603 Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
1604 calling C<POSIX::open>.
1606 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
1608 $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
1610 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1612 See also L<perlfunc/syswrite>.
1618 =head2 POSIX::SigAction
1624 Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C
1625 C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is
1626 no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub
1627 which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet>
1628 object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the
1629 C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0.
1631 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
1632 $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
1634 This C<POSIX::SigAction> object should be used with the C<POSIX::sigaction()>
1647 accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
1649 $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
1650 $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
1654 =head2 POSIX::SigSet
1660 Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically
1661 when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the
1664 Create an empty set.
1666 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
1668 Create a set with SIGUSR1.
1670 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
1674 Add a signal to a SigSet object.
1676 $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1678 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1682 Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
1684 $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1686 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1690 Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
1692 $sigset->emptyset();
1694 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1698 Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
1702 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1706 Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.
1708 if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
1709 print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
1714 =head2 POSIX::Termios
1720 Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically
1721 when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios
1722 C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor,
1723 and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
1725 $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
1729 Get terminal control attributes.
1731 Obtain the attributes for stdin.
1735 Obtain the attributes for stdout.
1737 $termios->getattr( 1 )
1739 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1743 Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is
1744 an array so an index must be specified.
1746 $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
1750 Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1752 $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
1756 Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1758 $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
1762 Retrieve the input baud rate.
1764 $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
1768 Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1770 $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
1774 Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1776 $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
1780 Retrieve the output baud rate.
1782 $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
1786 Set terminal control attributes.
1788 Set attributes immediately for stdout.
1790 $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
1792 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1796 Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an
1797 array so an index must be specified.
1799 $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
1803 Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1805 $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
1809 Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1811 $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
1815 Set the input baud rate.
1817 $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1819 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1823 Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1825 $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
1829 Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1831 $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
1835 Set the output baud rate.
1837 $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1839 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1841 =item Baud rate values
1843 B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
1845 =item Terminal interface values
1847 TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
1849 =item c_cc field values
1851 VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
1853 =item c_cflag field values
1855 CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
1857 =item c_iflag field values
1859 BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
1861 =item c_lflag field values
1863 ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
1865 =item c_oflag field values
1871 =head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
1877 _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
1881 =head1 POSIX CONSTANTS
1887 _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
1891 =head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
1897 _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
1907 E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF
1908 EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ
1909 EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR
1910 EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG
1911 ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC
1912 ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
1913 ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
1914 EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
1915 ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
1916 ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
1926 FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
1936 DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
1946 ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
1956 LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
1976 SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART
1977 SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
1978 SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU
1979 SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK
1990 S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
1994 S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
2004 EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
2014 BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
2024 CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
2034 R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
2050 Do not suspend the calling process until a child process
2051 changes state but instead return immediately.
2055 Catch stopped child processes.
2061 WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
2067 WIFEXITED($?) returns true if the child process exited normally
2068 (C<exit()> or by falling off the end of C<main()>)
2072 WEXITSTATUS($?) returns the normal exit status of the child process
2073 (only meaningful if WIFEXITED($?) is true)
2077 WIFSIGNALED($?) returns true if the child process terminated because
2082 WTERMSIG($?) returns the signal the child process terminated for
2083 (only meaningful if WIFSIGNALED($?) is true)
2087 WIFSTOPPED($?) returns true if the child process is currently stopped
2088 (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to waitpid())
2092 WSTOPSIG($?) returns the signal the child process was stopped for
2093 (only meaningful if WIFSTOPPED($?) is true)