3 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
9 use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
11 printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
13 $sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
15 $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
16 # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
20 The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
21 POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
24 I<Everything is exported by default> with the exception of any POSIX
25 functions with the same name as a built-in Perl function, such as
26 C<abs>, C<alarm>, C<rmdir>, C<write>, etc.., which will be exported
27 only if you ask for them explicitly. This is an unfortunate backwards
28 compatibility feature. You can stop the exporting by saying C<use
29 POSIX ()> and then use the fully qualified names (ie. C<POSIX::SEEK_END>).
31 This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
32 module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
33 most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being
34 identical to Perl's builtin functions.
36 The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification.
37 The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects,
38 and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various
39 constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
44 The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with
45 the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games,
46 and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great
51 A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you
52 attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they
53 aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one
54 exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
55 message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
57 Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact
58 are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites).
59 For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the
60 errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not
61 attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently
62 successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find
63 that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after
64 all. This could be construed to be a bug.
72 This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>. It exits the program
73 immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is B<not> flushed.
75 Note that when using threads and in Linux this is B<not> a good way to
76 exit a thread because in Linux processes and threads are kind of the
77 same thing (Note: while this is the situation in early 2003 there are
78 projects under way to have threads with more POSIXly semantics in Linux).
79 If you want not to return from a thread, detach the thread.
83 This is identical to the C function C<abort()>. It terminates the
84 process with a C<SIGABRT> signal unless caught by a signal handler or
85 if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a C<longjmp>).
89 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function, returning
90 the absolute value of its numerical argument.
94 Determines the accessibility of a file.
96 if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
97 print "have read permission\n";
100 Returns C<undef> on failure. Note: do not use C<access()> for
101 security purposes. Between the C<access()> call and the operation
102 you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic
107 This is identical to the C function C<acos()>, returning
108 the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
112 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function,
113 either for arming or disarming the C<SIGARLM> timer.
117 This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>. It returns
120 "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\n\0"
122 and it is called thusly
124 $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
125 $wday, $yday, $isdst);
127 The C<$mon> is zero-based: January equals C<0>. The C<$year> is
128 1900-based: 2001 equals C<101>. C<$wday> and C<$yday> default to zero
129 (and are usually ignored anyway), and C<$isdst> defaults to -1.
133 This is identical to the C function C<asin()>, returning
134 the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
138 Unimplemented, but you can use L<perlfunc/die> and the L<Carp> module
139 to achieve similar things.
143 This is identical to the C function C<atan()>, returning the
144 arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
148 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function, returning
149 the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the I<y>
150 coordinate and the I<x> coordinate. See also L<Math::Trig>.
154 atexit() is C-specific: use C<END {}> instead, see L<perlsub>.
158 atof() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
159 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
163 atoi() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
164 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
165 If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
169 atol() is C-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently.
170 If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it.
171 If you need to have just the integer part, see L<perlfunc/int>.
175 bsearch() not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists,
180 calloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
184 This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>, returning the smallest
185 integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument.
189 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function, allowing
190 one to change the working (default) directory, see L<perlfunc/chdir>.
194 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function, allowing
195 one to change file and directory permissions, see L<perlfunc/chmod>.
199 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function, allowing one
200 to change file and directory owners and groups, see L<perlfunc/chown>.
204 Use the method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead, to reset the error
205 state (if any) and EOF state (if any) of the given stream.
209 This is identical to the C function C<clock()>, returning the
210 amount of spent processor time in microseconds.
214 Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
217 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
220 Returns C<undef> on failure.
222 See also L<perlfunc/close>.
226 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function for closing
227 a directory handle, see L<perlfunc/closedir>.
231 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function, for returning
232 the cosine of its numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/cos>.
233 See also L<Math::Trig>.
237 This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>, for returning
238 the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
242 Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by
243 C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
245 $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
248 See also L<perlfunc/sysopen> and its C<O_CREAT> flag.
252 Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
254 $path = POSIX::ctermid();
258 This is identical to the C function C<ctime()> and equivalent
259 to C<asctime(localtime(...))>, see L</asctime> and L</localtime>.
263 Get the login name of the owner of the current process.
265 $name = POSIX::cuserid();
269 This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>, for returning
270 the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned
271 by C<time()>), see L</time>.
275 div() is C-specific, use L<perlfunc/int> on the usual C</> division and
280 This is similar to the C function C<dup()>, for duplicating a file
283 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
286 Returns C<undef> on failure.
290 This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>, for duplicating a file
291 descriptor to an another known file descriptor.
293 This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
296 Returns C<undef> on failure.
300 Returns the value of errno.
302 $errno = POSIX::errno();
304 This identical to the numerical values of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
308 execl() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
312 execle() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
316 execlp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
320 execv() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
324 execve() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
328 execvp() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/exec>.
332 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function for exiting the
333 program, see L<perlfunc/exit>.
337 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function for
338 returning the exponent (I<e>-based) of the numerical argument,
343 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function for returning
344 the absolute value of the numerical argument, see L<perlfunc/abs>.
348 Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/close>.
352 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function,
353 see L<perlfunc/fcntl>.
357 Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
361 Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/eof>.
365 Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead.
369 Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead.
370 See also L<perlvar/$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH>.
374 Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/read>.
378 Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead, or see L<L/seek>.
382 Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead. Similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
383 as L<perlfunc/readline>.
387 Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/fileno>.
391 This is identical to the C function C<floor()>, returning the largest
392 integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument.
396 This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>.
400 It returns the remainder C<$r = $x - $n*$y>, where C<$n = trunc($x/$y)>.
401 The C<$r> has the same sign as C<$x> and magnitude (absolute value)
402 less than the magnitude of C<$y>.
406 Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/open>.
410 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function
411 for duplicating the current process, see L<perlfunc/fork>
412 and L<perlfork> if you are in Windows.
416 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This
417 uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
419 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
420 pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var/foo>.
422 $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
423 $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
425 Returns C<undef> on failure.
429 fprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
433 fputc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
437 fputs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
441 fread() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/read> instead.
445 free() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
449 freopen() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/open> instead.
453 Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
455 ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 );
459 fscanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead.
463 Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/seek>.
467 Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead, or seek L<perlfunc/seek>.
471 Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
472 calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from
473 Perl's builtin C<stat> function.
475 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
476 @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
480 Use method C<IO::Handle::sync()> instead.
484 Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead, or see L<perlfunc/tell>.
488 fwrite() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
492 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function,
493 see L<perlfunc/getc>.
497 Returns one character from STDIN. Identical to Perl's C<getc()>,
498 see L<perlfunc/getc>.
502 Returns the name of the current working directory.
507 Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin
508 variable C<$(>, see L<perlvar/$EGID>.
512 Returns the value of the specified environment variable.
513 The same information is available through the C<%ENV> array.
517 Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<gt>>
518 variable, see L<perlvar/$EUID>.
522 Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin
523 variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
527 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function for
528 returning group entries by group identifiers, see
529 L<perlfunc/getgrgid>.
533 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function for
534 returning group entries by group names, see L<perlfunc/getgrnam>.
538 Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's
539 builtin variable C<$)>, see L<perlvar/$GID>.
543 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function for
544 returning the user name associated with the current session, see
545 L<perlfunc/getlogin>.
549 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function for
550 returning the process group identifier of the current process, see
555 Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin
556 variable C<$$>, see L<perlvar/$PID>.
560 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function for
561 returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current
562 process , see L<perlfunc/getppid>.
566 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function for
567 returning user entries by user names, see L<perlfunc/getpwnam>.
571 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function for
572 returning user entries by user identifiers, see L<perlfunc/getpwuid>.
576 Returns one line from C<STDIN>, similar to E<lt>E<gt>, also known
577 as the C<readline()> function, see L<perlfunc/readline>.
579 B<NOTE>: if you have C programs that still use C<gets()>, be very
580 afraid. The C<gets()> function is a source of endless grief because
581 it has no buffer overrun checks. It should B<never> be used. The
582 C<fgets()> function should be preferred instead.
586 Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin C<$E<lt>> variable,
591 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function for
592 converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time,
593 see L<perlfunc/gmtime>.
597 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a
598 single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may
599 affect what characters are considered C<isalnum>. Does not work on
600 Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
601 expressions and the C</[[:alnum:]]/> construct instead, or possibly
602 the C</\w/> construct.
606 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
607 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
608 may affect what characters are considered C<isalpha>. Does not work
609 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
610 expressions and the C</[[:alpha:]]/> construct instead.
614 Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected
615 to a tty. Similar to the C<-t> operator, see L<perlfunc/-X>.
619 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
620 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
621 may affect what characters are considered C<iscntrl>. Does not work
622 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
623 expressions and the C</[[:cntrl:]]/> construct instead.
627 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
628 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
629 may affect what characters are considered C<isdigit> (unlikely, but
630 still possible). Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256
631 or higher. Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:digit:]]/>
632 construct instead, or the C</\d/> construct.
636 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
637 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
638 may affect what characters are considered C<isgraph>. Does not work
639 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
640 expressions and the C</[[:graph:]]/> construct instead.
644 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
645 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
646 may affect what characters are considered C<islower>. Does not work
647 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
648 expressions and the C</[[:lower:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
653 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
654 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
655 may affect what characters are considered C<isprint>. Does not work
656 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
657 expressions and the C</[[:print:]]/> construct instead.
661 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
662 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
663 may affect what characters are considered C<ispunct>. Does not work
664 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
665 expressions and the C</[[:punct:]]/> construct instead.
669 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
670 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
671 may affect what characters are considered C<isspace>. Does not work
672 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
673 expressions and the C</[[:space:]]/> construct instead, or the C</\s/>
674 construct. (Note that C</\s/> and C</[[:space:]]/> are slightly
675 different in that C</[[:space:]]/> can normally match a vertical tab,
676 while C</\s/> does not.)
680 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to
681 a single character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings
682 may affect what characters are considered C<isupper>. Does not work
683 on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher. Consider using regular
684 expressions and the C</[[:upper:]]/> construct instead. Do B<not> use
689 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
690 character or to a whole string. Note that locale settings may affect what
691 characters are considered C<isxdigit> (unlikely, but still possible).
692 Does not work on Unicode characters code point 256 or higher.
693 Consider using regular expressions and the C</[[:xdigit:]]/>
694 construct instead, or simply C</[0-9a-f]/i>.
698 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function for sending
699 signals to processes (often to terminate them), see L<perlfunc/kill>.
703 (For returning absolute values of long integers.)
704 labs() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/abs> instead.
708 This is identical to the C function, except the order of arguments is
709 consistent with Perl's builtin C<chown()> with the added restriction
710 of only one path, not an list of paths. Does the same thing as the
711 C<chown()> function but changes the owner of a symbolic link instead
712 of the file the symbolic link points to.
716 This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()>
717 for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two.
719 $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2);
723 (For computing dividends of long integers.)
724 ldiv() is C-specific, use C</> and C<int()> instead.
728 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function
729 for creating hard links into files, see L<perlfunc/link>.
733 Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash
734 containing the current locale formatting values.
736 Here is how to query the database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale.
738 $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
739 print "Locale = $loc\n";
740 $lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
741 print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
742 print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
743 print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
744 print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
745 print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
746 print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
747 print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
748 print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
749 print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
750 print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
751 print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
752 print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
753 print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
754 print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
755 print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
756 print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
757 print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
758 print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
762 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function for
763 converting seconds since the epoch to a date see L<perlfunc/localtime>.
767 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function,
768 returning the natural (I<e>-based) logarithm of the numerical argument,
773 This is identical to the C function C<log10()>,
774 returning the 10-base logarithm of the numerical argument.
777 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) }
781 sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 }
785 sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 }
789 longjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
793 Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as
794 those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
796 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
797 $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
799 Returns C<undef> on failure.
803 malloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
807 This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>.
808 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
809 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
814 This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>.
815 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
816 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
821 This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>.
822 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
823 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
828 memchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
832 memcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
836 memcpy() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
840 memmove() is C-specific, use C<=>, see L<perlop>, or see L<perlfunc/substr>.
844 memset() is C-specific, use C<x> instead, see L<perlop>.
848 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function
849 for creating directories, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>.
853 This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()> for creating
856 if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { ....
858 Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<$mode> is similar to the
859 mode of C<mkdir()>, see L<perlfunc/mkdir>, though for C<mkfifo>
860 you B<must> specify the C<$mode>.
864 Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
868 mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = -1)
870 The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
871 I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
872 year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the
873 year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details
874 about these and the other arguments.
876 Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
878 $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
879 print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
881 Returns C<undef> on failure.
885 Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.
887 ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
891 This is similar to the C function C<nice()>, for changing
892 the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive
893 arguments mean more polite process, negative values more
894 needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite.
896 Returns C<undef> on failure.
900 offsetof() is C-specific, you probably want to see L<perlfunc/pack> instead.
904 Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not
905 Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
907 Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
909 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
911 Open a file for read and write.
913 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
915 Open a file for write, with truncation.
917 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
919 Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
921 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
923 Returns C<undef> on failure.
925 See also L<perlfunc/sysopen>.
929 Open a directory for reading.
931 $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
932 @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
933 POSIX::closedir( $dir );
935 Returns C<undef> on failure.
939 Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
941 The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
942 pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var>.
944 $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
946 Returns C<undef> on failure.
950 This is similar to the C function C<pause()>, which suspends
951 the execution of the current process until a signal is received.
953 Returns C<undef> on failure.
957 This is identical to the C function C<perror()>, which outputs to the
958 standard error stream the specified message followed by ": " and the
959 current error string. Use the C<warn()> function and the C<$!>
960 variable instead, see L<perlfunc/warn> and L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
964 Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those
965 returned by C<POSIX::open>.
967 my ($read, $write) = POSIX::pipe();
968 POSIX::write( $write, "hello", 5 );
969 POSIX::read( $read, $buf, 5 );
971 See also L<perlfunc/pipe>.
975 Computes C<$x> raised to the power C<$exponent>.
977 $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
979 You can also use the C<**> operator, see L<perlop>.
983 Formats and prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
984 See also L<perlfunc/printf>.
988 putc() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
992 putchar() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
996 puts() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/print> instead.
1000 qsort() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sort> instead.
1004 Sends the specified signal to the current process.
1005 See also L<perlfunc/kill> and the C<$$> in L<perlvar/$PID>.
1009 C<rand()> is non-portable, see L<perlfunc/rand> instead.
1013 Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
1014 calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the
1015 read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
1017 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
1018 $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
1020 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1022 See also L<perlfunc/sysread>.
1026 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function
1027 for reading directory entries, see L<perlfunc/readdir>.
1031 realloc() is C-specific. Perl does memory management transparently.
1035 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
1036 for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
1040 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function
1041 for renaming files, see L<perlfunc/rename>.
1045 Seeks to the beginning of the file.
1049 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function for
1050 rewinding directory entry streams, see L<perlfunc/rewinddir>.
1054 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function
1055 for removing (empty) directories, see L<perlfunc/rmdir>.
1059 scanf() is C-specific, use E<lt>E<gt> and regular expressions instead,
1064 Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for
1065 this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
1066 C<$)> variable, see L<perlvar/$EGID>, except that the latter
1067 will change only the real user identifier, and that the setgid()
1068 uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated
1073 C<setjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
1074 see L<perlfunc/eval>.
1078 Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume
1080 use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE);
1084 The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior
1085 (the second argument C<"C">).
1087 $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" );
1089 The following will query the current LC_CTYPE category. (No second
1090 argument means 'query'.)
1092 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE );
1094 The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
1095 environment variables (the second argument C<"">).
1096 Please see your systems C<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale
1097 environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>.
1099 $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" );
1101 The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
1102 Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on
1103 your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find
1104 out which locales are available in your system.
1106 $loc = setlocale( LC_COLLATE, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
1110 This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()> for
1111 setting the process group identifier of the current process.
1113 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1117 This is identical to the C function C<setsid()> for
1118 setting the session identifier of the current process.
1122 Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for
1123 this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin
1124 C<$E<lt>> variable, see L<perlvar/$UID>, except that the latter
1125 will change only the real user identifier.
1129 Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for
1130 the C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments (the oldaction can also be
1131 just a hash reference). Consult your system's C<sigaction> manpage
1132 for details, see also C<POSIX::SigRt>.
1136 sigaction(signal, action, oldaction = 0)
1138 Returns C<undef> on failure. The C<signal> must be a number (like
1139 SIGHUP), not a string (like "SIGHUP"), though Perl does try hard
1142 If you use the SA_SIGINFO flag, the signal handler will in addition to
1143 the first argument, the signal name, also receive a second argument, a
1144 hash reference, inside which are the following keys with the following
1145 semantics, as defined by POSIX/SUSv3:
1147 signo the signal number
1148 errno the error number
1149 code if this is zero or less, the signal was sent by
1150 a user process and the uid and pid make sense,
1151 otherwise the signal was sent by the kernel
1153 The following are also defined by POSIX/SUSv3, but unfortunately
1154 not very widely implemented:
1156 pid the process id generating the signal
1157 uid the uid of the process id generating the signal
1158 status exit value or signal for SIGCHLD
1159 band band event for SIGPOLL
1161 A third argument is also passed to the handler, which contains a copy
1162 of the raw binary contents of the siginfo structure: if a system has
1163 some non-POSIX fields, this third argument is where to unpack() them
1166 Note that not all siginfo values make sense simultaneously (some are
1167 valid only for certain signals, for example), and not all values make
1168 sense from Perl perspective, you should to consult your system's
1169 C<sigaction> and possibly also C<siginfo> documentation.
1173 siglongjmp() is C-specific: use L<perlfunc/die> instead.
1177 Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet>
1178 objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending>
1179 manpage for details.
1185 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1189 Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
1190 C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments.
1191 Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details.
1195 sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
1197 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1201 C<sigsetjmp()> is C-specific: use C<eval {}> instead,
1202 see L<perlfunc/eval>.
1206 Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses
1207 C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your
1208 system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details.
1212 sigsuspend(signal_mask)
1214 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1218 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function
1219 for returning the sine of the numerical argument,
1220 see L<perlfunc/sin>. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1224 This is identical to the C function C<sinh()>
1225 for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument.
1226 See also L<Math::Trig>.
1230 This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function
1231 for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain
1232 number of seconds, see L<perlfunc/sleep>. There is one significant
1233 difference, however: C<POSIX::sleep()> returns the number of
1234 B<unslept> seconds, while the C<CORE::sleep()> returns the
1235 number of slept seconds.
1239 This is similar to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function
1240 for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested,
1241 see L<perlfunc/sprintf>.
1245 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function.
1246 for returning the square root of the numerical argument,
1247 see L<perlfunc/sqrt>.
1251 Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see L<perlfunc/srand>.
1255 sscanf() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1260 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function
1261 for returning information about files and directories.
1265 strcat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1269 strchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/index> instead.
1273 strcmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> or C<cmp> instead, see L<perlop>.
1277 This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()>
1278 for collating (comparing) strings transformed using
1279 the C<strxfrm()> function. Not really needed since
1280 Perl can do this transparently, see L<perllocale>.
1284 strcpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1288 strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1293 Returns the error string for the specified errno.
1294 Identical to the string form of the C<$!>, see L<perlvar/$ERRNO>.
1298 Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
1302 strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
1304 The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
1305 I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
1306 year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the
1307 year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details
1308 about these and the other arguments.
1310 If you want your code to be portable, your format (C<fmt>) argument
1311 should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the ANSI C
1312 standard (C89, to play safe). These are C<aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%>.
1313 But even then, the B<results> of some of the conversion specifiers are
1314 non-portable. For example, the specifiers C<aAbBcpZ> change according
1315 to the locale settings of the user, and both how to set locales (the
1316 locale names) and what output to expect are non-standard.
1317 The specifier C<c> changes according to the timezone settings of the
1318 user and the timezone computation rules of the operating system.
1319 The C<Z> specifier is notoriously unportable since the names of
1320 timezones are non-standard. Sticking to the numeric specifiers is the
1323 The given arguments are made consistent as though by calling
1324 C<mktime()> before calling your system's C<strftime()> function,
1325 except that the C<isdst> value is not affected.
1327 The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
1329 $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
1334 strlen() is C-specific, use C<length()> instead, see L<perlfunc/length>.
1338 strncat() is C-specific, use C<.=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1342 strncmp() is C-specific, use C<eq> instead, see L<perlop>.
1346 strncpy() is C-specific, use C<=> instead, see L<perlop>.
1350 strpbrk() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1355 strrchr() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/rindex> instead.
1359 strspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead,
1364 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function,
1365 see L<perlfunc/index>.
1369 String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number
1370 of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
1371 POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
1372 error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems
1373 may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
1375 strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
1377 To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
1380 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
1382 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
1384 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || $!) {
1385 die "Non-numeric input $str" . ($! ? ": $!\n" : "\n");
1388 When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
1392 strtok() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead, see
1393 L<perlre>, or L<perlfunc/split>.
1397 String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and
1398 the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
1399 POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
1400 error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems
1401 may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
1403 strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
1405 To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
1408 ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
1410 The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base
1411 is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the
1412 base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means
1413 octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is
1414 parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234"
1415 as a hexadecimal number.
1417 The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
1419 if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
1420 die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
1423 When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
1427 String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul() is identical
1428 to strtol() except that strtoul() only parses unsigned integers. See
1429 L</strtol> for details.
1431 Note: Some vendors supply strtod() and strtol() but not strtoul().
1432 Other vendors that do supply strtoul() parse "-1" as a valid value.
1436 String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
1438 $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
1440 Used in conjunction with the C<strcoll()> function, see L</strcoll>.
1442 Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see
1447 Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
1449 The following will get the machine's clock speed.
1451 $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
1453 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1457 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function, see
1462 This is identical to the C function C<tan()>, returning the
1463 tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1467 This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>, returning the
1468 hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also L<Math::Trig>.
1472 This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()> for draining
1473 the output queue of its argument stream.
1475 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1479 This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()> for controlling
1480 the flow of its argument stream.
1482 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1486 This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()> for flushing
1487 the I/O buffers of its argument stream.
1489 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1493 This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()> for returning the
1494 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
1499 This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()> for sending
1500 a break on its argument stream.
1502 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1506 This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()> for setting the
1507 process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling
1510 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1514 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function
1515 for returning the number of seconds since the epoch
1516 (whatever it is for the system), see L<perlfunc/time>.
1520 The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past
1521 (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user
1522 and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock
1525 ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
1527 Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in
1532 Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead, or see L<File::Temp>.
1536 Returns a name for a temporary file.
1538 $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
1540 For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's
1541 documentation for the C library tmpnam() function, this interface
1542 should not be used; instead see L<File::Temp>.
1546 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
1547 character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<lc()> function,
1548 see L<perlfunc/lc>, or the equivalent C<\L> operator inside doublequotish
1553 This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
1554 character or to a whole string. Consider using the C<uc()> function,
1555 see L<perlfunc/uc>, or the equivalent C<\U> operator inside doublequotish
1560 This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()> for returning the
1561 name of the current terminal.
1565 Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable.
1568 ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
1572 This is identical to the C function C<tzset()> for setting
1573 the current timezone based on the environment variable C<TZ>,
1574 to be used by C<ctime()>, C<localtime()>, C<mktime()>, and C<strftime()>
1579 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function
1580 for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask,
1581 see L<perlfunc/umask>.
1585 Get name of current operating system.
1587 ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname();
1589 Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not
1590 that well standardized, do not expect any great portability.
1591 The C<$sysname> might be the name of the operating system,
1592 the C<$nodename> might be the name of the host, the C<$release>
1593 might be the (major) release number of the operating system,
1594 the C<$version> might be the (minor) release number of the
1595 operating system, and the C<$machine> might be a hardware identifier.
1600 Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead.
1604 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function
1605 for removing files, see L<perlfunc/unlink>.
1609 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function
1610 for changing the time stamps of files and directories,
1611 see L<perlfunc/utime>.
1615 vfprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
1619 vprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/printf> instead.
1623 vsprintf() is C-specific, see L<perlfunc/sprintf> instead.
1627 This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function,
1628 see L<perlfunc/wait>.
1632 Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's
1633 builtin C<waitpid()> function, see L<perlfunc/waitpid>.
1635 $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG );
1636 print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
1640 This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>.
1641 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
1642 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
1647 This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>.
1648 Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte
1649 characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather
1654 Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
1655 calling C<POSIX::open>.
1657 $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
1659 $bytes = POSIX::write( $fd, $buf, 5 );
1661 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1663 See also L<perlfunc/syswrite>.
1669 =head2 POSIX::SigAction
1675 Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C
1676 C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when
1677 it is no longer needed. The first parameter is the handler, a sub
1678 reference. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet> object, it
1679 defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the
1680 C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0.
1682 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
1683 $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( \&handler, $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
1685 This C<POSIX::SigAction> object is intended for use with the C<POSIX::sigaction()>
1698 accessor functions to get/set the values of a SigAction object.
1700 $sigset = $sigaction->mask;
1701 $sigaction->flags(&POSIX::SA_RESTART);
1705 accessor function for the "safe signals" flag of a SigAction object; see
1706 L<perlipc> for general information on safe (a.k.a. "deferred") signals. If
1707 you wish to handle a signal safely, use this accessor to set the "safe" flag
1708 in the C<POSIX::SigAction> object:
1710 $sigaction->safe(1);
1712 You may also examine the "safe" flag on the output action object which is
1713 filled in when given as the third parameter to C<POSIX::sigaction()>:
1715 sigaction(SIGINT, $new_action, $old_action);
1716 if ($old_action->safe) {
1717 # previous SIGINT handler used safe signals
1728 A hash of the POSIX realtime signal handlers. It is an extension of
1729 the standard %SIG, the $POSIX::SIGRT{SIGRTMIN} is roughly equivalent
1730 to $SIG{SIGRTMIN}, but the right POSIX moves (see below) are made with
1731 the POSIX::SigSet and POSIX::sigaction instead of accessing the %SIG.
1733 You can set the %POSIX::SIGRT elements to set the POSIX realtime
1734 signal handlers, use C<delete> and C<exists> on the elements, and use
1735 C<scalar> on the C<%POSIX::SIGRT> to find out how many POSIX realtime
1736 signals there are available (SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1, the SIGRTMAX is
1737 a valid POSIX realtime signal).
1739 Setting the %SIGRT elements is equivalent to calling this:
1742 my ($rtsig, $handler, $flags) = @_;
1743 my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet($rtsig);
1744 my $sigact = POSIX::SigAction->new($handler, $sigset, $flags);
1745 sigaction($rtsig, $sigact);
1748 The flags default to zero, if you want something different you can
1749 either use C<local> on $POSIX::SigRt::SIGACTION_FLAGS, or you can
1750 derive from POSIX::SigRt and define your own C<new()> (the tied hash
1751 STORE method of the %SIGRT calls C<new($rtsig, $handler, $SIGACTION_FLAGS)>,
1752 where the $rtsig ranges from zero to SIGRTMAX - SIGRTMIN + 1).
1754 Just as with any signal, you can use sigaction($rtsig, undef, $oa) to
1755 retrieve the installed signal handler (or, rather, the signal action).
1757 B<NOTE:> whether POSIX realtime signals really work in your system, or
1758 whether Perl has been compiled so that it works with them, is outside
1763 Return the minimum POSIX realtime signal number available, or C<undef>
1764 if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
1768 Return the maximum POSIX realtime signal number available, or C<undef>
1769 if no POSIX realtime signals are available.
1773 =head2 POSIX::SigSet
1779 Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically
1780 when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the
1783 Create an empty set.
1785 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
1787 Create a set with SIGUSR1.
1789 $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
1793 Add a signal to a SigSet object.
1795 $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1797 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1801 Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
1803 $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
1805 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1809 Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
1811 $sigset->emptyset();
1813 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1817 Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
1821 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1825 Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.
1827 if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
1828 print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
1833 =head2 POSIX::Termios
1839 Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically
1840 when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios
1841 C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor,
1842 and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
1844 $termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
1848 Get terminal control attributes.
1850 Obtain the attributes for stdin.
1852 $termios->getattr( 0 ) # Recommended for clarity.
1855 Obtain the attributes for stdout.
1857 $termios->getattr( 1 )
1859 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1863 Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is
1864 an array so an index must be specified.
1866 $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
1870 Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1872 $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
1876 Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1878 $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
1882 Retrieve the input baud rate.
1884 $ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
1888 Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1890 $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
1894 Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1896 $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
1900 Retrieve the output baud rate.
1902 $ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
1906 Set terminal control attributes.
1908 Set attributes immediately for stdout.
1910 $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
1912 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1916 Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an
1917 array so an index must be specified.
1919 $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
1923 Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
1925 $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
1929 Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
1931 $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
1935 Set the input baud rate.
1937 $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1939 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1943 Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
1945 $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
1949 Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
1951 $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
1955 Set the output baud rate.
1957 $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
1959 Returns C<undef> on failure.
1961 =item Baud rate values
1963 B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
1965 =item Terminal interface values
1967 TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
1969 =item c_cc field values
1971 VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
1973 =item c_cflag field values
1975 CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
1977 =item c_iflag field values
1979 BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
1981 =item c_lflag field values
1983 ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
1985 =item c_oflag field values
1991 =head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
1997 _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
2001 =head1 POSIX CONSTANTS
2007 _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
2011 =head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2017 _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
2027 E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF
2028 EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ
2029 EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR
2030 EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG
2031 ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC
2032 ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
2033 ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
2034 EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
2035 ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
2036 ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
2046 FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
2056 DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
2066 ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
2076 LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
2096 SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART
2097 SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
2098 SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU
2099 SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK
2110 S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
2114 S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
2124 EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
2134 BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
2144 CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
2154 R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STDERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
2170 Do not suspend the calling process until a child process
2171 changes state but instead return immediately.
2175 Catch stopped child processes.
2181 WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
2187 WIFEXITED($?) returns true if the child process exited normally
2188 (C<exit()> or by falling off the end of C<main()>)
2192 WEXITSTATUS($?) returns the normal exit status of the child process
2193 (only meaningful if WIFEXITED($?) is true)
2197 WIFSIGNALED($?) returns true if the child process terminated because
2202 WTERMSIG($?) returns the signal the child process terminated for
2203 (only meaningful if WIFSIGNALED($?) is true)
2207 WIFSTOPPED($?) returns true if the child process is currently stopped
2208 (can happen only if you specified the WUNTRACED flag to waitpid())
2212 WSTOPSIG($?) returns the signal the child process was stopped for
2213 (only meaningful if WIFSTOPPED($?) is true)