2 our $VERSION = do { my @r = (q$Revision: 1.2 $ =~ /\d+/g); sprintf "%d."."%02d" x $#r, @r };
9 Carp::croak "encoding pragma does not support EBCDIC platforms";
17 $name ||= $ENV{PERL_ENCODING};
19 my $enc = find_encoding($name);
20 unless (defined $enc) {
22 Carp::croak "Unknown encoding '$name'";
24 ${^ENCODING} = $enc; # this is all you need, actually.
26 # $_OPEN_ORIG = ${^OPEN};
27 for my $h (qw(STDIN STDOUT STDERR)){
29 unless (defined find_encoding($name)) {
31 Carp::croak "Unknown encoding for $fhname, '$arg{$h}'";
33 eval qq{ binmode($h, ":encoding($arg{h})") };
35 eval qq{ binmode($h, ":encoding($name)") };
42 return 1; # I doubt if we need it, though
48 binmode(STDIN, ":raw");
49 binmode(STDOUT, ":raw");
50 binmode(STDERR, ":raw");
59 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-asii or non-utf8
63 use encoding "euc-jp"; # Jperl!
65 # or you can even do this if your shell supports euc-jp
67 > perl -Mencoding=euc-jp -e '...'
69 # or from the shebang line
71 #!/your/path/to/perl -Mencoding=euc-jp
75 # A simple euc-jp => utf-8 converter
76 use encoding "euc-jp", STDOUT => "utf8"; while(<>){print};
78 # "no encoding;" supported (but not scoped!)
83 Perl 5.6.0 has introduced Unicode support. You could apply
84 C<substr()> and regexes even to complex CJK characters -- so long as
85 the script was written in UTF-8. But back then text editors that
86 support UTF-8 was still rare and many users rather chose to writer
87 scripts in legacy encodings, given up whole new feature of Perl 5.6.
89 With B<encoding> pragma, you can write your script in any encoding you like
90 (so long as the C<Encode> module supports it) and still enjoy Unicode
91 support. You can write a code in EUC-JP as follows;
93 my $Rakuda = "\xF1\xD1\xF1\xCC"; # Camel in Kanji
94 #<-char-><-char-> # 4 octets
97 And with C<use encoding "euc-jp"> in effect, it is the same thing as
98 the code in UTF-8 as follow.
100 my $Rakuda = "\x{99F1}\x{99DD}"; # who Unicode Characters
101 s/\bCamel\b/$Rakuda/;
103 The B<encoding> pragma also modifies the file handle disciplines of
104 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR to the specified encoding. Therefore,
106 use encoding "euc-jp";
107 my $message = "Camel is the symbol of perl.\n";
108 my $Rakuda = "\xF1\xD1\xF1\xCC"; # Camel in Kanji
109 $message =~ s/\bCamel\b/$Rakuda/;
112 Will print "\xF1\xD1\xF1\xCC is the symbol of perl.\n", not
113 "\x{99F1}\x{99DD} is the symbol of perl.\n".
115 You can override this by giving extra arguments. See below.
121 =item use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;
123 Sets the script encoding to I<ENCNAME> and file handle disciplines of
124 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are set to ":encoding(I<ENCNAME>)".
126 If no encoding is specified, the environment variable L<PERL_ENCODING>
127 is consulted. If no encoding can be found, C<Unknown encoding 'I<ENCNAME>'>
128 error will be thrown.
130 Note that non-STD file handles remain unaffected. Use C<use open> or
131 C<binmode> to change disciplines of those.
133 =item use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN => I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;
135 You can also individually set encodings of STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR
136 via STDI<FH> => I<ENCNAME_FH> form. In this case, you cannot omit the
141 Unsets the script encoding and the disciplines of STDIN, STDOUT, and
142 STDERR are reset to ":raw".
150 The pragma is a per script, not a per block lexical. Only the last
151 C<use encoding> or C<matters, and it affects B<the whole script>.
152 Though <no encoding> pragma is supported and C<use encoding> can
153 appear as many times as you want in a given script, the multiple use
154 of this pragma is discouraged.
156 =head2 DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
158 Notice that only literals (string or regular expression) having only
159 legacy code points are affected: if you mix data like this
163 the data is assumed to be in (Latin 1 and) Unicode, not in your native
164 encoding. In other words, this will match in "greek":
170 "\xDF\x{100}" =~ /\x{3af}\x{100}/
172 since the C<\xDF> on the left will B<not> be upgraded to C<\x{3af}>
173 because of the C<\x{100}> on the left. You should not be mixing your
174 legacy data and Unicode in the same string.
176 This pragma also affects encoding of the 0x80..0xFF code point range:
177 normally characters in that range are left as eight-bit bytes (unless
178 they are combined with characters with code points 0x100 or larger,
179 in which case all characters need to become UTF-8 encoded), but if
180 the C<encoding> pragma is present, even the 0x80..0xFF range always
183 After all, the best thing about this pragma is that you don't have to
184 resort to \x... just to spell your name in native encoding. So feel
185 free to put your strings in your encoding in quotes and regexes.
187 =head1 EXAMPLE - Greekperl
189 use encoding "iso 8859-7";
191 # The \xDF of ISO 8859-7 (Greek) is \x{3af} in Unicode.
196 printf "%#x\n", ord($a); # will print 0x3af, not 0xdf
200 # $c will be "\x{3af}\x{100}", not "\x{df}\x{100}".
202 # chr() is affected, and ...
204 print "mega\n" if ord(chr(0xdf)) == 0x3af;
206 # ... ord() is affected by the encoding pragma ...
208 print "tera\n" if ord(pack("C", 0xdf)) == 0x3af;
210 # ... as are eq and cmp ...
212 print "peta\n" if "\x{3af}" eq pack("C", 0xdf);
213 print "exa\n" if "\x{3af}" cmp pack("C", 0xdf) == 0;
215 # ... but pack/unpack C are not affected, in case you still
216 # want back to your native encoding
218 print "zetta\n" if unpack("C", (pack("C", 0xdf))) == 0xdf;
220 =head1 KNOWN PROBLEMS
222 For native multibyte encodings (either fixed or variable length)
223 the current implementation of the regular expressions may introduce
224 recoding errors for longer regular expression literals than 127 bytes.
226 The encoding pragma is not supported on EBCDIC platforms.
231 L<perlunicode>, L<Encode>, L<open>