5 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
13 The Devel::DProf package is a Perl code profiler. This will collect
14 information on the execution time of a Perl script and of the subs in that
15 script. This information can be used to determine which subroutines are
16 using the most time and which subroutines are being called most often. This
17 information can also be used to create an execution graph of the script,
18 showing subroutine relationships.
20 To profile a Perl script run the perl interpreter with the B<-d> debugging
21 switch. The profiler uses the debugging hooks. So to profile script
22 F<test.pl> the following command should be used:
24 perl5 -d:DProf test.pl
26 When the script terminates (or when the output buffer is filled) the
27 profiler will dump the profile information to a file called
28 F<tmon.out>. A tool like I<dprofpp> can be used to interpret the
29 information which is in that profile. The following command will
30 print the top 15 subroutines which used the most time:
34 To print an execution graph of the subroutines in the script use the
39 Consult L<dprofpp> for other options.
43 The old profile is a text file which looks like this:
47 $XS_VERSION='DProf 19970606';
48 # All values are given in HZ
49 $rrun_utime=2; $rrun_stime=0; $rrun_rtime=7
51 + 26 28 566822884 DynaLoader::import
52 - 26 28 566822884 DynaLoader::import
53 + 27 28 566822885 main::bar
54 - 27 28 566822886 main::bar
55 + 27 28 566822886 main::baz
56 + 27 28 566822887 main::bar
57 - 27 28 566822888 main::bar
60 The first line is the magic number. The second line is the hertz value, or
61 clock ticks, of the machine where the profile was collected. The third line
62 is the name and version identifier of the tool which created the profile.
63 The fourth line is a comment. The fifth line contains three variables
64 holding the user time, system time, and realtime of the process while it was
65 being profiled. The sixth line indicates the beginning of the sub
66 entry/exit profile section.
68 The columns in B<PART2> are:
70 sub entry(+)/exit(-) mark
71 app's user time at sub entry/exit mark, in ticks
72 app's system time at sub entry/exit mark, in ticks
73 app's realtime at sub entry/exit mark, in ticks
74 fully-qualified sub name, when possible
76 With newer perls another format is used, which may look like this:
80 $XS_VERSION='DProf 19971213';
81 # All values are given in HZ
82 $over_utime=5917; $over_stime=0; $over_rtime=5917;
84 $rrun_utime=1284; $rrun_stime=0; $rrun_rtime=1284;
104 + & Devel::DProf::write
106 - & Devel::DProf::write
108 (with high value of $ENV{PERL_DPROF_TICKS}).
110 New C<$over_*> values show the measured overhead of making $over_tests
111 calls to the profiler These values are used by the profiler to
112 subtract the overhead from the runtimes.
114 The lines starting with C<@> mark time passed from the previous C<@>
115 line. The lines starting with C<&> introduce new subroutine I<id> and
116 show the package and the subroutine name of this id. Lines starting
117 with C<+>, C<-> and C<*> mark entering and exit of subroutines by
118 I<id>s, and C<goto &subr>.
120 The I<old-style> C<+>- and C<->-lines are used to mark the overhead
121 related to writing to profiler-output file.
125 When Devel::DProf finds a call to an C<&AUTOLOAD> subroutine it looks at the
126 C<$AUTOLOAD> variable to find the real name of the sub being called. See
127 L<perlsub/"Autoloading">.
131 C<PERL_DPROF_BUFFER> sets size of output buffer in words. Defaults to 2**14.
133 C<PERL_DPROF_TICKS> sets number of ticks per second on some systems where
134 a replacement for times() is used. Defaults to the value of C<HZ> macro.
138 Builtin functions cannot be measured by Devel::DProf.
140 With a newer Perl DProf relies on the fact that the numeric slot of
141 $DB::sub contains an address of a subroutine. Excessive manipulation
142 of this variable may overwrite this slot, as in
144 $DB::sub = 'current_sub';
146 $addr = $DB::sub + 0;
148 will set this numeric slot to numeric value of the string
149 C<current_sub>, i.e., to C<0>. This will cause a segfault on the exit
150 from this subroutine. Note that the first assignment above does not
151 change the numeric slot (it will I<mark> it as invalid, but will not
154 Mail bug reports and feature requests to the perl5-porters mailing list at
155 F<E<lt>perl5-porters@perl.orgE<gt>>.
159 L<perl>, L<dprofpp>, times(2)
163 # This sub is needed for calibration.
164 package Devel::DProf;
167 return $Devel::DProf::VERSION;
173 # As of perl5.003_20, &DB::sub stub is not needed (some versions
174 # even had problems if stub was redefined with XS version).
177 # disable DB single-stepping
178 BEGIN { $single = 0; }
180 # This sub is needed during startup.
182 # print "nonXS DBDB\n";
186 @Devel::DProf::ISA = 'DynaLoader';
187 $Devel::DProf::VERSION = '19990108'; # this version not authorized by
188 # Dean Roehrich. See "Changes" file.
190 bootstrap Devel::DProf $Devel::DProf::VERSION;