2 # Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Stephen McCamant. All rights reserved.
3 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
4 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
6 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
7 # but essentially none of his code remains.
10 use Carp 'cluck', 'croak';
11 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber
12 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
13 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL
14 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
15 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
16 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK
17 CVf_METHOD CVf_LOCKED CVf_LVALUE
18 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
19 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED);
23 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
24 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
25 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
26 # - handle empty programs gracefully
27 # - handle infinte loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
28 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
29 # - various minor cleanups
30 # - moved globals into an object
31 # - added `-u', like B::C
32 # - package declarations using cop_stash
33 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
34 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
35 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_THREADS)
36 # - added documentation
37 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
38 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
39 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
40 # - various other minor fixes
41 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
42 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
44 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
45 # - added support for new qr// construct
46 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
47 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
48 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
49 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
50 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
51 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
52 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
53 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
54 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
55 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
56 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
57 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
58 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
59 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
60 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
61 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
62 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
63 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
64 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
65 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
66 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
67 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
68 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
69 # - various minor cleanups
71 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
72 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
73 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
74 # - added methods for use from other programs
75 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
76 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
77 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
78 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
80 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
81 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
82 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
83 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
84 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
85 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
86 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
87 # - support for method attribues was added
88 # - some warnings fixed
89 # - separate recognition of constant subs
90 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recoginizing for loops
91 # - added more control of expanding control structures
94 # - finish tr/// changes
95 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
96 # - {} around variables in strings ("${var}letters")
99 # - left/right context
100 # - recognize `use utf8', `use integer', etc
101 # - treat top-level block specially for incremental output
102 # - interpret high bit chars in string as utf8 \x{...} (when?)
103 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
104 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
105 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
106 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
107 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
108 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
109 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
110 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
111 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
112 # - include values of variables (e.g. set in BEGIN)
113 # - coordinate with Data::Dumper (both directions? see previous)
114 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
115 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
117 # - -uPackage:: descend recursively?
121 # Tests that will always fail:
122 # comp/redef.t -- all (redefinition happens at compile time)
124 # Object fields (were globals):
127 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
128 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
129 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
130 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
131 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
135 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
138 # name of the current package for deparsed code
141 # array of [cop_seq, GV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
145 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
147 # subs_done, forms_done:
148 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
149 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
154 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
159 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
162 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
163 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
164 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
165 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
166 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
167 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
168 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
169 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
170 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
171 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
172 # the parens off the listop.
175 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
176 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
180 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
185 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
186 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
187 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
194 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
196 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
200 # 1 statement modifiers
203 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
204 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
205 # \n - newline and indent
206 # \t - increase indent
207 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
208 # \f - flush left (no indent)
209 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
213 return class($op) eq "NULL";
218 my($gv, $cv, $is_form) = @_;
220 if (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
221 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
225 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $gv, $is_form];
230 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
231 my $name = $self->gv_name($ent->[1]);
233 return "format $name =\n"
234 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]->FORM). "\n";
236 return "sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($ent->[1]->CV);
243 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
245 for ($kid = $op->first; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
246 walk_tree($kid, $sub);
255 $op = shift if null $op;
256 return if !$op or null $op;
259 if ($op->name eq "gv") {
260 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
261 if ($op->next->name eq "entersub") {
262 return if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$gv}++;
263 return if class($gv->CV) eq "SPECIAL";
264 $self->todo($gv, $gv->CV, 0);
265 $self->walk_sub($gv->CV);
266 } elsif ($op->next->name eq "enterwrite"
267 or ($op->next->name eq "rv2gv"
268 and $op->next->next->name eq "enterwrite")) {
269 return if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$gv}++;
270 return if class($gv->FORM) eq "SPECIAL";
271 $self->todo($gv, $gv->FORM, 1);
272 $self->walk_sub($gv->FORM);
282 { no strict 'refs'; %stash = svref_2object(\%{$pack . "::"})->ARRAY }
283 if ($pack eq "main") {
286 $pack = $pack . "::";
289 while (($key, $val) = each %stash) {
290 my $class = class($val);
291 if ($class eq "PV") {
293 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
294 } elsif ($class eq "IV") {
296 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
297 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
298 if (class($val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
299 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
300 $self->todo($val, $val->CV, 0);
301 $self->walk_sub($val->CV);
303 if (class($val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
304 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
305 $self->todo($val, $val->FORM, 1);
306 $self->walk_sub($val->FORM);
316 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
317 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
318 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
320 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
328 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
330 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
331 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
332 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
333 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
334 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
335 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
336 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
337 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
338 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
339 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
340 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
347 my $self = bless {}, $class;
348 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
349 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
350 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
351 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
352 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
353 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
354 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
355 if (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-u") {
356 $self->stash_subs(substr($arg, 2));
357 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
358 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
359 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
360 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
361 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
362 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
363 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
364 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
365 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
366 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
375 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
376 $self->stash_subs("main");
377 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
378 $self->walk_sub(main_cv, main_start);
379 print $self->print_protos;
380 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
381 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
382 print $self->indent($self->deparse(main_root, 0)), "\n"
383 unless null main_root;
385 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
386 push @text, $self->next_todo;
388 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
395 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless ref($sub) eq "CODE";
396 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
402 # cluck if class($op) eq "NULL";
404 # return $self->$ {\("pp_" . $op->name)}($op, $cx);
405 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
406 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
412 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
417 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
418 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
419 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
420 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
421 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
423 $leader = " " x $level;
425 $line = substr($line, 1);
427 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
428 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
430 $line = $leader . $line;
434 return join("\n", @lines);
441 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
442 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
444 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
446 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
447 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
448 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
451 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
452 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
453 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
455 return $proto . "{\n\t" .
456 $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0) . "\n\b}\n";
458 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
460 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
461 return $proto . "{ " . const($sv) . " }\n";
463 return $proto . "{}\n";
471 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
472 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
473 my $op = $form->ROOT;
475 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
476 while (not null $op) {
477 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
479 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
480 push @text, $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
481 $kid = $kid->sibling;
482 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
483 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
485 push @text, join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
488 return join("", @text) . ".";
493 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
494 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
495 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
496 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
500 my $name = $_[0]->name;
501 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
504 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
506 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
507 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
508 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
509 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
510 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
511 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
512 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
518 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
519 $op->name eq "padsv" or
520 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
521 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
522 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
527 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
528 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
529 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
530 or $self->{'parens'})
533 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
534 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
541 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
542 sub maybe_parens_unop {
544 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
545 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
546 return "$name(" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ")";
548 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
549 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
551 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
552 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
553 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
554 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
555 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
562 sub maybe_parens_func {
564 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
565 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
566 return "$func($text)";
568 return "$func $text";
574 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
575 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
576 if (want_scalar($op)) {
577 return "local $text";
579 return $self->maybe_parens_func("local", $text, $cx, 16);
588 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
589 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
590 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
591 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
592 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
594 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
601 return (($self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAY)[0]->ARRAY)[$targ];
606 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
607 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
608 if (want_scalar($op)) {
611 return $self->maybe_parens_func("my", $text, $cx, 16);
618 # The following OPs don't have functions:
620 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
621 # pp_rcatline -- does not exist
623 sub pp_enter { # see also leave
624 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTER";
628 sub pp_pushmark { # see also list
629 cluck "unexpected OP_PUSHMARK";
633 sub pp_leavesub { # see also deparse_sub
634 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVESUB";
638 sub pp_leavewrite { # see also deparse_format
639 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVEWRITE";
643 sub pp_method { # see also entersub
644 cluck "unexpected OP_METHOD";
648 sub pp_regcmaybe { # see also regcomp
649 cluck "unexpected OP_REGCMAYBE";
653 sub pp_regcreset { # see also regcomp
654 cluck "unexpected OP_REGCRESET";
658 sub pp_substcont { # see also subst
659 cluck "unexpected OP_SUBSTCONT";
663 sub pp_grepstart { # see also grepwhile
664 cluck "unexpected OP_GREPSTART";
668 sub pp_mapstart { # see also mapwhile
669 cluck "unexpected OP_MAPSTART";
673 sub pp_flip { # see also flop
674 cluck "unexpected OP_FLIP";
678 sub pp_iter { # see also leaveloop
679 cluck "unexpected OP_ITER";
683 sub pp_enteriter { # see also leaveloop
684 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERITER";
688 sub pp_enterloop { # see also leaveloop
689 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERLOOP";
693 sub pp_leaveeval { # see also entereval
694 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVEEVAL";
698 sub pp_entertry { # see also leavetry
699 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERTRY";
707 for (my $i = 0; $i < @ops; $i++) {
709 if (is_state $ops[$i]) {
710 $expr = $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
714 if (!is_state $ops[$i] and $ops[$i+1] and !null($ops[$i+1]) and
715 $ops[$i+1]->name eq "leaveloop" and $self->{'expand'} < 3)
717 push @exprs, $expr . $self->for_loop($ops[$i], 0);
721 $expr .= $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
722 push @exprs, $expr if length $expr;
724 return join(";\n", @exprs);
728 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
731 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'} if $real_block;
733 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
734 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
735 my $top = $kid->first;
736 my $name = $top->name;
737 if ($name eq "and") {
739 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
741 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
742 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
744 my $cond = $top->first;
745 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
746 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
747 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
748 return "$body $name $cond";
753 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
756 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
757 return "do { " . $self->lineseq(@kids) . " }";
759 return $self->lineseq(@kids) . ";";
763 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
764 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
765 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
767 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
768 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
770 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
771 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
776 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
777 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
778 if ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} or $globalnames{$name}
779 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_]/)
783 $stash = $stash . "::";
785 if ($name =~ /^\^../) {
786 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS} etc
788 return $stash . $name;
791 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here
796 @text = $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
797 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
798 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
799 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
800 push @text, $self->next_todo;
802 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
803 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
804 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
805 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
807 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
808 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
809 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
811 return join("", @text);
814 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
815 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
817 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
821 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
825 sub pp_stub { baseop(@_, "()") }
826 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
827 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
828 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
829 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
830 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
831 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
832 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
833 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
834 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
835 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
836 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
837 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
838 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
839 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
840 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
841 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
842 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
843 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
844 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
845 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
846 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
850 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
851 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
855 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
856 my $kid = $op->first;
857 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
858 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
862 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
863 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
864 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
865 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
866 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
867 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
868 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
869 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
870 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
872 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
876 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
878 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
880 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
883 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
889 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
891 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
897 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
899 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
901 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
903 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
907 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
908 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
909 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
910 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
911 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
912 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
913 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
914 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
915 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
917 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
918 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
919 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
920 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
921 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
922 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
923 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
924 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
925 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
926 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
927 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
929 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
930 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
931 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
933 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
934 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
935 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
936 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
937 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
939 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
940 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
941 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
942 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
944 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
945 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
946 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
947 sub pp_binmode { unop(@_, "binmode") }
948 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
949 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
950 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
951 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
952 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
953 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
954 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
955 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
957 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
958 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
959 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
960 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
961 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
962 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
963 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
964 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
965 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
966 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
967 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
968 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
969 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
971 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
972 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
974 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
975 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
976 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
977 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
978 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
979 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
980 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
981 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
982 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
983 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
984 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
986 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
991 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
999 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
1000 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1001 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1004 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1005 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1013 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1014 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1016 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1019 return "require($name)";
1021 $self->unop($op, $cx, "require");
1028 my $kid = $op->first;
1029 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1030 # XXX Was a here-doc
1031 return $self->dquote($op);
1033 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1040 #cluck "curcv was undef" unless $self->{curcv};
1041 return (($self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAY)[1]->ARRAY)[$targ];
1047 my $kid = $op->first;
1048 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1050 if ($kid->name eq "anonlist" || $kid->name eq "anonhash") {
1051 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1052 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$kid->name}};
1054 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1055 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1056 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1059 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1060 } elsif (!null($kid->sibling) and
1061 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1063 $self->deparse_sub($self->padval($kid->sibling->targ));
1064 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1065 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1066 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1067 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1069 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1071 return "\\(" . $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1) . ")";
1072 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1073 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1074 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1075 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1076 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1081 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1084 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1089 my $kid = $op->first;
1090 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1091 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">";
1094 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1097 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1099 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1101 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1102 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1103 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1105 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1109 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1110 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1111 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1112 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1113 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1117 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1118 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1119 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1120 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1122 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1123 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1124 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1125 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1129 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1130 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1131 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1132 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1133 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
1137 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1138 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1139 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
1140 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
1141 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1142 } elsif (class($op) eq "SVOP") {
1143 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
1144 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
1149 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
1150 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
1151 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
1152 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
1153 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
1154 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1155 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1156 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1157 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
1158 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
1159 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
1160 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
1161 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
1162 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
1163 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
1164 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
1165 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
1166 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
1167 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
1168 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
1169 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
1170 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
1171 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
1172 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
1173 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
1174 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
1175 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
1176 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
1177 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
1179 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
1180 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
1186 my $name = $op->name;
1187 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
1188 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
1191 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1192 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
1193 and null $op->first->sibling)
1195 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
1196 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
1197 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
1198 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
1199 # their associativity).
1200 return assoc_class($op->first);
1202 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
1205 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
1206 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
1209 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
1210 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
1211 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
1213 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
1214 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
1216 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
1218 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
1220 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
1224 sub deparse_binop_left {
1226 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
1227 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
1228 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
1230 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
1232 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
1236 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
1237 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
1240 %right = ('pow' => 22,
1241 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
1242 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
1243 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
1244 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
1246 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
1247 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
1249 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
1251 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
1257 sub deparse_binop_right {
1259 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
1260 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
1261 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
1263 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
1265 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
1271 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1272 my $left = $op->first;
1273 my $right = $op->last;
1275 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
1279 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
1280 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
1282 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1283 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1284 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1287 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1288 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1289 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
1290 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1291 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1292 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1293 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1294 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
1295 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1296 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1297 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
1299 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
1300 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
1301 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
1302 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
1303 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
1305 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1306 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1307 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1308 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1309 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1310 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1311 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1312 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1313 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1314 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1315 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1316 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1317 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1318 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1320 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
1321 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
1322 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
1323 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
1324 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
1325 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
1326 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
1328 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
1329 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
1331 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
1332 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
1333 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
1334 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
1338 my $left = $op->first;
1339 my $right = $op->last;
1342 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
1346 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1347 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1348 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1351 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
1355 my $left = $op->first;
1356 my $right = $op->last;
1359 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1363 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
1364 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1366 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1367 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1370 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
1372 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1374 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1375 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1380 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
1381 my $left = $op->first;
1382 my $right = $left->sibling;
1383 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
1384 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
1385 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
1391 my $flip = $op->first;
1392 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
1393 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
1396 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
1400 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
1401 my $left = $op->first;
1402 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
1403 if ($cx == 0 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
1404 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
1406 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
1407 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
1408 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
1409 } elsif ($cx == 0 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
1410 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
1411 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
1412 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
1413 return "$right $blockname $left";
1414 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
1415 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
1416 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
1417 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
1418 } else { # $a and $b
1419 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
1420 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
1421 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
1425 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
1426 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
1428 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
1429 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
1430 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
1434 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
1435 my $left = $op->first;
1436 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
1437 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
1438 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
1439 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
1442 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
1443 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
1447 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1449 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
1450 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1451 return $name if null $kid;
1452 my $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1453 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
1454 push @exprs, $first;
1455 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1456 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1457 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1460 return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
1462 return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
1466 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
1467 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
1468 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
1469 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
1470 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
1471 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
1472 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
1473 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
1474 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
1475 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
1476 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
1477 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
1478 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
1479 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
1480 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
1481 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
1482 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
1483 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
1484 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
1485 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
1486 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
1487 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
1488 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
1489 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
1490 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
1491 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
1492 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
1493 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
1494 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
1495 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
1496 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
1497 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
1498 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
1499 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
1500 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
1501 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
1502 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
1503 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
1504 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
1505 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
1506 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
1507 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
1508 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
1509 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
1510 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
1511 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
1512 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
1513 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
1514 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
1515 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
1516 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
1517 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
1518 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
1519 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
1520 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
1521 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
1522 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
1523 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
1524 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
1525 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
1526 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
1527 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
1528 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
1529 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
1530 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
1531 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
1532 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
1533 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
1534 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
1535 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
1536 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
1537 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
1538 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
1539 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
1540 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
1541 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
1542 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
1543 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
1544 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
1545 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
1546 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
1551 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
1552 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
1553 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
1554 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
1556 return '<' . $text . '>';
1560 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
1561 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
1562 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
1568 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
1569 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1571 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1572 # $kid is an OP_CONST
1573 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
1575 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1576 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
1578 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
1580 return "truncate($fh, $len)";
1582 return "truncate $fh, $len";
1588 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1590 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1592 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1594 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
1595 if (is_scope($indir)) {
1596 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
1598 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
1600 $indir = $indir . " ";
1601 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1603 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1604 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1607 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $indir . join(", ", @exprs),
1611 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
1612 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
1613 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
1617 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1619 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
1620 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
1621 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
1622 if (is_scope $code) {
1623 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
1625 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
1627 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1628 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1629 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1630 push @exprs, $expr if $expr;
1632 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
1635 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
1636 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
1642 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1644 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...) or my(...)
1645 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
1646 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
1647 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
1648 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
1649 unless ($lop->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO or $lop->name eq "undef")
1651 $local = ""; # or not
1654 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) { # my()
1655 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "local";
1657 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef") { # local()
1658 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my";
1662 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
1663 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
1664 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1666 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
1671 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
1672 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1673 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
1675 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1680 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
1682 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
1686 sub is_ifelse_cont {
1688 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1689 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
1690 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
1696 my $cond = $op->first;
1697 my $true = $cond->sibling;
1698 my $false = $true->sibling;
1699 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
1700 unless ($cx == 0 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
1701 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
1702 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
1703 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
1704 $true = $self->deparse($true, 8);
1705 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
1706 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
1709 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1710 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
1711 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
1713 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
1714 my $newop = $false->first;
1715 my $newcond = $newop->first;
1716 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
1717 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
1718 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
1719 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
1720 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
1722 if (!null($false)) {
1723 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
1724 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
1728 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
1733 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
1734 my $enter = $op->first;
1735 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
1736 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
1741 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
1742 if (is_state $kid->last) { # infinite
1743 $head = "for (;;) "; # shorter than while (1)
1749 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
1750 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
1751 my $var = $ary->sibling;
1752 if ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
1753 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
1755 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
1756 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
1758 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
1761 if ($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # thread special var
1762 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
1763 } else { # regular my() variable
1764 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
1765 if ($self->padname_sv($enter->targ)->IVX ==
1766 $kid->first->first->sibling->last->cop_seq)
1768 # If the scope of this variable closes at the last
1769 # statement of the loop, it must have been
1771 $var = "my " . $var;
1774 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
1775 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
1776 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
1777 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
1779 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
1780 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
1781 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
1783 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
1784 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
1785 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
1786 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
1787 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
1788 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
1790 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
1791 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's penultimate child, except
1792 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
1793 # these conditions hold, then the third-to-last child in the continue
1794 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
1795 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
1797 if ($$cont_start != $$op and $ {$cont_start->sibling} != $ {$body->last}) {
1799 $cont = $body->last;
1801 $cont = $body->first;
1802 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling->sibling)) {
1803 $cont = $cont->sibling;
1806 my $state = $body->first;
1807 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
1809 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
1810 push @states, $state;
1812 $body = $self->lineseq(@states);
1813 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
1814 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
1817 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
1818 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
1822 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
1824 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\n\b}" . $cont;
1827 sub pp_leaveloop { loop_common(@_, "") }
1832 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
1833 return $self->loop_common($op->sibling, $cx, $init);
1838 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
1841 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
1842 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
1847 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
1849 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
1850 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
1851 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
1852 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
1853 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
1854 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
1855 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
1856 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
1857 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
1858 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1859 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
1860 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
1862 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
1863 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
1864 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1865 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
1866 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
1869 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
1876 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
1882 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
1888 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
1891 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
1892 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
1897 @threadsv_names = ("_", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9",
1898 "&", "`", "'", "+", "/", ".", ",", "\\", '"', ";",
1899 "^", "-", "%", "=", "|", "~", ":", "^A", "^E",
1906 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
1912 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
1913 return $self->padval($op->padix);
1914 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
1922 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1923 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $self->gv_name($gv));
1929 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1930 return $self->gv_name($gv);
1936 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1937 return "\$" . $self->gv_name($gv) . "[" . $op->private . "]";
1942 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
1943 my $kid = $op->first;
1944 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
1945 return $type . (is_scalar($kid) ? $str : "{$str}");
1948 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
1949 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
1950 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
1956 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
1957 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
1959 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
1960 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
1964 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
1965 sub pp_rv2cv { $_[0]->rv2x($_[1]->first->first->sibling, $_[2], "&") }
1970 my $kid = $op->first;
1971 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
1972 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
1973 return "(" . join(", ", map(const($_), $av->ARRAY)) . ")";
1975 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
1979 sub is_subscriptable {
1981 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
1983 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
1984 my $kid = $op->first;
1985 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
1987 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
1988 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
1990 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
1991 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
1992 return is_subscriptable($kid);
2000 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
2001 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
2002 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
2003 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
2005 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
2006 $array = $self->padany($array);
2007 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
2008 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2009 } elsif (is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
2010 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2012 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
2013 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
2014 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow .
2015 $left . $self->deparse($idx, 1) . $right;
2017 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2018 return "\$" . $array . $left . $idx . $right;
2021 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
2022 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
2027 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
2028 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
2029 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
2030 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
2031 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
2032 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
2033 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
2038 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
2040 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
2041 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
2043 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
2044 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
2048 $array = $array->first
2049 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
2050 if (is_scope($array)) {
2051 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2052 } elsif ($array->name eq $padname) {
2053 $array = $self->padany($array);
2055 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2057 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2058 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
2059 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
2060 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2061 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2063 $list = join(", ", @elems);
2065 $list = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2067 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
2070 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
2071 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
2076 my $idx = $op->first;
2077 my $list = $op->last;
2079 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
2080 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2081 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
2086 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2091 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
2097 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2098 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
2099 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
2100 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
2101 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
2102 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
2103 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
2104 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
2105 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
2106 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
2107 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
2108 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
2109 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
2110 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
2111 $meth = $kid->sibling;
2112 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2114 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2115 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2116 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2120 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2121 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2122 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2126 $obj = $self->deparse($obj, 24);
2127 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
2128 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
2130 $meth = $meth->first;
2131 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
2132 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
2133 # method_named case above
2134 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
2136 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1);
2139 my $args = join(", ", @exprs);
2140 $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
2142 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
2148 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
2149 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
2152 my($proto, @args) = @_;
2156 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
2157 $proto =~ s/([^\\]|^)([@%])(.*)$/$1$2/;
2159 $proto =~ s/^ *([\\]?[\$\@&%*]|;)//;
2162 return "&" if @args;
2163 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
2165 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
2166 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
2172 if (want_scalar $arg) {
2173 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
2177 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
2178 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
2179 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
2183 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
2184 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
2185 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
2187 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
2188 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
2189 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
2191 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
2196 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
2197 $chr = substr($chr, 1);
2198 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
2199 !null($real = $arg->first) and
2200 ($chr eq "\$" && is_scalar($real->first)
2202 && $real->first->sibling->name
2205 && $real->first->sibling->name
2207 #or ($chr eq "&" # This doesn't work
2208 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
2210 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
2212 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
2219 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
2220 return "&" if @args; # too many args
2221 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
2227 return $self->method($op, $cx) unless null $op->first->sibling;
2231 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2233 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
2237 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
2238 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2243 if (is_scope($kid)) {
2245 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2246 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
2247 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
2248 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
2249 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
2251 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
2252 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
2253 } elsif (is_scalar $kid->first) {
2255 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
2258 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
2259 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
2262 if (defined $proto and not $amper) {
2263 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
2264 if ($amper eq "&") {
2265 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
2268 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
2270 if ($prefix or $amper) {
2271 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2272 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
2274 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
2277 if (defined $proto and $proto eq "") {
2279 } elsif (defined $proto and $proto eq "\$") {
2280 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
2281 } elsif (defined($proto) && $proto or $simple) {
2282 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
2284 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
2289 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
2291 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
2292 # but not character escapes
2295 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1\\$2/g;
2299 # the same, but treat $|, $), and $ at the end of the string differently
2302 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\@|\\[uUlLQE])/$1\\$2/g;
2303 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\$[^)|])/$1\\$2/g;
2307 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
2308 sub escape_str { # ASCII
2311 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means someting different in a regex
2317 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/'\\c' . chr(ord('@') + ord($1))/ge;
2318 $str =~ s/([\0\033-\037\177-\377])/'\\' . sprintf("%03o", ord($1))/ge;
2322 # Don't do this for regexen
2325 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
2329 sub balanced_delim {
2331 my @str = split //, $str;
2332 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt);
2333 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
2334 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
2335 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0;
2339 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
2348 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
2349 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
2355 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
2356 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
2357 my($succeed, $delim);
2358 ($succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
2359 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
2360 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
2361 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
2364 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
2365 return "$default$str$default";
2374 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
2375 return ('undef', '1', '0')[$$sv-1]; # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
2376 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
2377 return $sv->int_value;
2378 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
2380 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK) {
2381 return "\\(" . const($sv->RV) . ")"; # constant folded
2384 if ($str =~ /[^ -~]/) { # ASCII for non-printing
2385 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
2387 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
2396 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
2397 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
2404 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
2405 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
2407 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
2408 # return const($sv);
2410 return $c =~ /^-\d/ ? $self->maybe_parens($c, $cx, 21) : $c;
2416 my $type = $op->name;
2417 if ($type eq "const") {
2418 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->PV)));
2419 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
2420 return $self->dq($op->first) . $self->dq($op->last);
2421 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
2422 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2423 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
2424 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2425 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
2426 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
2427 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
2428 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
2429 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
2430 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2431 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
2432 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
2434 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
2442 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($op->first->sibling));
2448 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
2449 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
2450 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
2451 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
2454 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
2455 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
2457 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
2458 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
2460 my($from, $to) = @_;
2461 my($succeed, $delim);
2462 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
2463 return "/$from/$to/";
2464 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
2465 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
2468 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
2469 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
2472 return "$from/$to/";
2475 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
2476 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
2477 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
2479 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
2481 return "/$from/$to/";
2487 if ($n == ord '\\') {
2489 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
2491 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
2493 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
2495 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
2497 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
2499 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
2501 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
2503 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
2505 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
2506 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
2508 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
2509 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
2515 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
2516 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
2519 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
2520 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
2522 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
2525 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
2531 # XXX This has trouble with hyphens in the replacement (tr/bac/-AC/),
2534 sub tr_decode_byte {
2535 my($table, $flags) = @_;
2536 my(@table) = unpack("s256", $table);
2537 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
2538 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
2539 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
2541 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
2542 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
2546 } else { # -2 ==> delete
2550 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
2553 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
2554 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
2558 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
2559 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
2562 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
2563 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
2564 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
2568 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
2569 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
2572 $from = collapse(@from);
2573 $to = collapse(@to);
2574 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
2575 return ($from, $to);
2580 if ($x == ord "-") {
2587 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
2589 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
2590 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
2591 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
2593 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
2594 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
2595 my $extra = $none + 1;
2596 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
2598 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
2599 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
2606 $result = hex $result;
2607 if ($result == $extra) {
2608 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
2610 push @from, [$min, $max];
2611 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
2614 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
2615 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
2616 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
2617 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
2619 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
2622 unshift @from, ord '-';
2623 unshift @to, ord '-';
2627 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
2628 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
2629 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
2631 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
2633 push @delfrom, ord '-';
2637 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
2638 push @to, [$final, $final];
2640 push @from, @delfrom;
2641 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
2644 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
2645 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
2646 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
2649 for my $range (@newfrom) {
2650 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
2655 my($from, $to, $diff);
2656 for my $chunk (@from) {
2657 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
2659 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2660 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
2661 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2663 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
2666 for my $chunk (@to) {
2667 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
2669 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2670 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
2671 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2673 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
2676 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
2677 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
2678 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
2679 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
2680 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
2681 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
2688 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
2689 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $op->private);
2690 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2691 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $op->private);
2694 $flags .= "c" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
2695 $flags .= "d" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
2696 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
2697 $flags .= "s" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
2698 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
2701 # Like dq(), but different
2705 my $type = $op->name;
2706 if ($type eq "const") {
2707 return uninterp($self->const_sv($op)->PV);
2708 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
2709 return $self->re_dq($op->first) . $self->re_dq($op->last);
2710 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
2711 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2712 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
2713 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2714 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
2715 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling);
2716 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
2717 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling);
2718 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
2719 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2720 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
2721 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
2723 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
2730 my $kid = $op->first;
2731 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
2732 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
2733 return $self->re_dq($kid);
2736 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
2739 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
2740 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
2741 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
2745 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
2746 my $kid = $op->first;
2747 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
2748 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2750 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
2751 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2754 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($op->precomp));
2756 $re = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2759 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
2760 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
2761 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
2762 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
2763 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
2764 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
2765 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
2766 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
2767 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
2771 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
2775 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ $re", $cx, 20);
2781 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
2782 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
2783 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
2788 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
2790 if ($ {$kid->pmreplroot}) {
2791 $ary = '@' . $self->gv_name($kid->pmreplroot);
2793 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2794 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2796 $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2798 return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
2804 # oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
2805 # hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
2806 # bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
2809 map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
2810 'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
2811 'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
2812 'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi');
2817 my $kid = $op->first;
2818 my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
2819 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2821 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
2822 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2825 if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
2826 $repl = $self->dq($kid);
2827 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2829 $repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
2830 while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
2831 $repl = $repl->first;
2834 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
2835 $repl = $self->deparse($repl, 0);
2837 $repl = $self->dq($repl);
2841 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($op->precomp));
2843 $re = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2845 $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
2846 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
2847 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
2848 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
2849 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
2850 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
2851 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
2852 $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
2854 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
2855 . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
2858 return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;
2867 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
2871 B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-u>I<PACKAGE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
2872 [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
2876 B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
2877 perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
2878 itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
2879 be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
2880 track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
2881 correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
2882 compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
2883 option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
2884 required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
2885 parsing your expressions the way you intended.
2887 Please note that this module is mainly new and untested code and is
2888 still under development, so it may change in the future.
2892 As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
2893 the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
2899 Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
2900 locations of the original code.
2904 Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
2905 parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
2906 structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
2907 whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
2908 LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
2910 if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
2911 print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
2912 $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
2914 C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
2917 print('Gimme an A!')
2919 (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
2920 (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
2922 which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
2923 perl optimized away a constant value).
2927 Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
2928 concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
2931 print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
2935 print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
2936 . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
2938 Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
2939 constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
2940 translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
2941 C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
2942 of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
2944 =item B<-u>I<PACKAGE>
2946 Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, all the subs
2947 called by the main program (and all the subs called by them,
2948 recursively), and any other subs in the main:: package. To include
2949 subs in other packages that aren't called directly, such as AUTOLOAD,
2950 DESTROY, other subs called automatically by perl, and methods (which
2951 aren't resolved to subs until runtime), use the B<-u> option. The
2952 argument to B<-u> is the name of a package, and should follow directly
2953 after the 'u'. Multiple B<-u> options may be given, separated by
2954 commas. Note that unlike some other backends, B::Deparse doesn't
2955 (yet) try to guess automatically when B<-u> is needed -- you must
2958 =item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
2960 Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
2961 directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
2962 options are available:
2968 Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
2985 The default is not to cuddle.
2989 Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
2993 Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
2994 For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
2995 3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
2996 B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
2998 =item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
3000 Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
3001 because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
3002 is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
3003 The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
3004 Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
3005 a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
3006 conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
3007 'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
3008 B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
3009 or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
3010 If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
3011 you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
3012 true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
3013 file is compiled as a main program.
3019 Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
3020 their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
3021 meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
3022 special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
3024 If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, for loops will be translated into equivalent
3025 while loops with continue blocks; for instance
3027 for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
3040 Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
3041 into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
3042 for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
3044 If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, if statements will be translated into equivalent
3045 expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
3047 print 'hi' if $nice;
3059 $nice and print 'hi';
3060 $nice and do { print 'hi' };
3061 $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
3063 Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
3064 B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
3068 =head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
3073 $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
3074 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
3075 eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
3079 B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
3084 $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
3086 Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
3087 options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
3088 command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
3089 after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings. Some
3090 options, like B<-u>, don't make sense for a single subroutine, so
3095 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
3096 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
3098 Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
3099 preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
3100 sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
3101 this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
3102 want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
3103 for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
3104 the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
3108 See the 'to do' list at the beginning of the module file.
3112 Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier
3113 version by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with
3114 contributions from Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Hugo van
3115 der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, and Nick Ing-Simmons.