2 # Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Stephen McCamant. All rights reserved.
3 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
4 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
6 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
7 # but essentially none of his code remains.
10 use Carp 'cluck', 'croak';
11 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber
12 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
13 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL
14 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
15 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
16 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK
17 CVf_METHOD CVf_LOCKED CVf_LVALUE
18 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
19 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED);
23 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
24 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
25 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
26 # - handle empty programs gracefully
27 # - handle infinte loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
28 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
29 # - various minor cleanups
30 # - moved globals into an object
31 # - added `-u', like B::C
32 # - package declarations using cop_stash
33 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
34 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
35 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_THREADS)
36 # - added documentation
37 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
38 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
39 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
40 # - various other minor fixes
41 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
42 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
44 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
45 # - added support for new qr// construct
46 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
47 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
48 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
49 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
50 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
51 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
52 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
53 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
54 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
55 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
56 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
57 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
58 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
59 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
60 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
61 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
62 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
63 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
64 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
65 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
66 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
67 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
68 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
69 # - various minor cleanups
71 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
72 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
73 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
74 # - added methods for use from other programs
75 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
76 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
77 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
78 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
80 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
81 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
82 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
83 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
84 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
85 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
86 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
87 # - support for method attribues was added
88 # - some warnings fixed
89 # - separate recognition of constant subs
90 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recoginizing for loops
91 # - added more control of expanding control structures
94 # - finish tr/// changes
95 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
96 # - {} around variables in strings ("${var}letters")
99 # - left/right context
100 # - recognize `use utf8', `use integer', etc
101 # - treat top-level block specially for incremental output
102 # - interpret high bit chars in string as utf8 \x{...} (when?)
103 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
104 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
105 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
106 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
107 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
108 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
109 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
110 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
111 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
112 # - include values of variables (e.g. set in BEGIN)
113 # - coordinate with Data::Dumper (both directions? see previous)
114 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
115 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
117 # - -uPackage:: descend recursively?
121 # Tests that will always fail:
122 # comp/redef.t -- all (redefinition happens at compile time)
124 # Object fields (were globals):
127 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
128 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
129 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
130 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
131 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
135 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
138 # name of the current package for deparsed code
141 # array of [cop_seq, GV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
145 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
147 # subs_done, forms_done:
148 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
149 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
154 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
159 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
162 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
163 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
164 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
165 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
166 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
167 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
168 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
169 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
170 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
171 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
172 # the parens off the listop.
175 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
176 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
180 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
185 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
186 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
187 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
194 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
196 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
200 # 1 statement modifiers
203 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
204 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
205 # \n - newline and indent
206 # \t - increase indent
207 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
208 # \f - flush left (no indent)
209 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
213 return class($op) eq "NULL";
218 my($gv, $cv, $is_form) = @_;
220 if (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
221 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
225 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $gv, $is_form];
230 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
231 my $name = $self->gv_name($ent->[1]);
233 return "format $name =\n"
234 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]->FORM). "\n";
236 return "sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($ent->[1]->CV);
243 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
245 for ($kid = $op->first; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
246 walk_tree($kid, $sub);
255 $op = shift if null $op;
256 return if !$op or null $op;
259 if ($op->name eq "gv") {
260 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
261 if ($op->next->name eq "entersub") {
262 return if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$gv}++;
263 return if class($gv->CV) eq "SPECIAL";
264 $self->todo($gv, $gv->CV, 0);
265 $self->walk_sub($gv->CV);
266 } elsif ($op->next->name eq "enterwrite"
267 or ($op->next->name eq "rv2gv"
268 and $op->next->next->name eq "enterwrite")) {
269 return if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$gv}++;
270 return if class($gv->FORM) eq "SPECIAL";
271 $self->todo($gv, $gv->FORM, 1);
272 $self->walk_sub($gv->FORM);
282 { no strict 'refs'; %stash = svref_2object(\%{$pack . "::"})->ARRAY }
283 if ($pack eq "main") {
286 $pack = $pack . "::";
289 while (($key, $val) = each %stash) {
290 my $class = class($val);
291 if ($class eq "PV") {
293 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
294 } elsif ($class eq "IV") {
296 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
297 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
298 if (class($val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
299 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
300 $self->todo($val, $val->CV, 0);
301 $self->walk_sub($val->CV);
303 if (class($val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
304 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
305 $self->todo($val, $val->FORM, 1);
306 $self->walk_sub($val->FORM);
316 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
317 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
318 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
320 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
328 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
330 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
331 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
332 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
333 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
334 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
335 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
336 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
337 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
338 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
339 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
340 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
347 my $self = bless {}, $class;
348 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
349 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
350 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
351 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
352 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
353 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
354 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
355 if (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-u") {
356 $self->stash_subs(substr($arg, 2));
357 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
358 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
359 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
360 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
361 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
362 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
363 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
364 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
365 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
366 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
375 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
376 $self->stash_subs("main");
377 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
378 $self->walk_sub(main_cv, main_start);
379 print $self->print_protos;
380 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
381 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
382 print $self->indent($self->deparse(main_root, 0)), "\n"
383 unless null main_root;
385 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
386 push @text, $self->next_todo;
388 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
395 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless ref($sub) eq "CODE";
396 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
402 # cluck if class($op) eq "NULL";
404 # return $self->$ {\("pp_" . $op->name)}($op, $cx);
405 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
406 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
412 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
417 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
418 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
419 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
420 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
421 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
423 $leader = " " x $level;
425 $line = substr($line, 1);
427 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
428 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
430 $line = $leader . $line;
434 return join("\n", @lines);
441 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
442 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
444 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
446 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
447 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
448 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
451 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
452 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
453 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
455 return $proto . "{\n\t" .
456 $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0) . "\n\b}\n";
458 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
460 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
461 return $proto . "{ " . const($sv) . " }\n";
463 return $proto . "{}\n";
471 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
472 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
473 my $op = $form->ROOT;
475 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
476 while (not null $op) {
477 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
479 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
480 push @text, $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
481 $kid = $kid->sibling;
482 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
483 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
485 push @text, join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
488 return join("", @text) . ".";
493 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
494 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
495 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
496 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
500 my $name = $_[0]->name;
501 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
504 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
506 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
507 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
508 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
509 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
510 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
511 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
512 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
518 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
519 $op->name eq "padsv" or
520 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
521 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
522 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
527 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
528 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
529 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
530 or $self->{'parens'})
533 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
534 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
541 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
542 sub maybe_parens_unop {
544 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
545 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
546 return "$name(" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ")";
548 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
549 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
551 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
552 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
553 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
554 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
555 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
562 sub maybe_parens_func {
564 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
565 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
566 return "$func($text)";
568 return "$func $text";
574 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
575 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
576 if (want_scalar($op)) {
577 return "local $text";
579 return $self->maybe_parens_func("local", $text, $cx, 16);
588 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
589 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
590 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
591 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
592 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
594 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
601 return (($self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAY)[0]->ARRAY)[$targ];
606 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
607 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
608 if (want_scalar($op)) {
611 return $self->maybe_parens_func("my", $text, $cx, 16);
618 # The following OPs don't have functions:
620 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
621 # pp_rcatline -- does not exist
623 sub pp_enter { # see also leave
624 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTER";
628 sub pp_pushmark { # see also list
629 cluck "unexpected OP_PUSHMARK";
633 sub pp_leavesub { # see also deparse_sub
634 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVESUB";
638 sub pp_leavewrite { # see also deparse_format
639 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVEWRITE";
643 sub pp_method { # see also entersub
644 cluck "unexpected OP_METHOD";
648 sub pp_regcmaybe { # see also regcomp
649 cluck "unexpected OP_REGCMAYBE";
653 sub pp_regcreset { # see also regcomp
654 cluck "unexpected OP_REGCRESET";
658 sub pp_substcont { # see also subst
659 cluck "unexpected OP_SUBSTCONT";
663 sub pp_grepstart { # see also grepwhile
664 cluck "unexpected OP_GREPSTART";
668 sub pp_mapstart { # see also mapwhile
669 cluck "unexpected OP_MAPSTART";
673 sub pp_flip { # see also flop
674 cluck "unexpected OP_FLIP";
678 sub pp_iter { # see also leaveloop
679 cluck "unexpected OP_ITER";
683 sub pp_enteriter { # see also leaveloop
684 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERITER";
688 sub pp_enterloop { # see also leaveloop
689 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERLOOP";
693 sub pp_leaveeval { # see also entereval
694 cluck "unexpected OP_LEAVEEVAL";
698 sub pp_entertry { # see also leavetry
699 cluck "unexpected OP_ENTERTRY";
707 for (my $i = 0; $i < @ops; $i++) {
709 if (is_state $ops[$i]) {
710 $expr = $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
714 if (!is_state $ops[$i] and $ops[$i+1] and !null($ops[$i+1]) and
715 $ops[$i+1]->name eq "leaveloop" and $self->{'expand'} < 3)
717 push @exprs, $expr . $self->for_loop($ops[$i], 0);
721 $expr .= $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
722 push @exprs, $expr if length $expr;
724 return join(";\n", @exprs);
728 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
731 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'} if $real_block;
733 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
734 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
735 my $top = $kid->first;
736 my $name = $top->name;
737 if ($name eq "and") {
739 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
741 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
742 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
744 my $cond = $top->first;
745 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
746 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
747 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
748 return "$body $name $cond";
753 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
756 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
757 return "do { " . $self->lineseq(@kids) . " }";
759 return $self->lineseq(@kids) . ";";
763 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
764 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
765 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
767 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
768 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
770 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
771 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
776 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
777 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
778 if ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} or $globalnames{$name}
779 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_]/)
783 $stash = $stash . "::";
785 if ($name =~ /^\^../) {
786 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS} etc
788 return $stash . $name;
791 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here
796 @text = $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
797 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
798 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
799 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
800 push @text, $self->next_todo;
802 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
803 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
804 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
805 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
807 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
808 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
809 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
811 return join("", @text);
814 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
815 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
817 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
821 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
825 sub pp_stub { baseop(@_, "()") }
826 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
827 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
828 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
829 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
830 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
831 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
832 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
833 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
834 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
835 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
836 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
837 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
838 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
839 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
840 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
841 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
842 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
843 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
844 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
845 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
846 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
850 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
851 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
855 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
856 my $kid = $op->first;
857 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
858 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
862 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
863 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
864 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
865 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
866 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
867 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
868 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
869 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
870 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
872 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
876 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
878 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
880 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
883 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
889 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
891 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
897 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
899 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
901 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
903 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
907 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
908 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
909 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
910 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
911 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
912 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
913 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
914 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
915 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
917 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
918 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
919 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
920 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
921 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
922 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
923 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
924 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
925 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
926 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
927 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
929 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
930 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
931 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
933 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
934 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
935 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
936 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
937 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
939 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
940 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
941 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
942 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
944 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
945 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
946 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
947 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
948 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
949 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
950 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
951 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
952 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
953 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
954 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
956 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
957 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
958 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
959 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
960 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
961 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
962 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
963 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
964 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
965 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
966 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
967 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
968 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
970 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
971 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
973 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
974 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
975 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
976 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
977 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
978 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
979 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
980 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
981 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
982 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
983 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
985 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
990 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
998 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
999 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1000 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1003 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1004 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1012 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1013 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1015 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1018 return "require($name)";
1020 $self->unop($op, $cx, "require");
1027 my $kid = $op->first;
1028 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1029 # XXX Was a here-doc
1030 return $self->dquote($op);
1032 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1039 #cluck "curcv was undef" unless $self->{curcv};
1040 return (($self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAY)[1]->ARRAY)[$targ];
1046 my $kid = $op->first;
1047 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1049 if ($kid->name eq "anonlist" || $kid->name eq "anonhash") {
1050 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1051 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$kid->name}};
1053 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1054 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1055 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1058 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1059 } elsif (!null($kid->sibling) and
1060 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1062 $self->deparse_sub($self->padval($kid->sibling->targ));
1063 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1064 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1065 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1066 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1068 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1070 return "\\(" . $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1) . ")";
1071 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1072 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1073 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1074 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1075 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1080 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1083 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1088 my $kid = $op->first;
1089 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1090 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">";
1093 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1096 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1098 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1100 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1101 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1102 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1104 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1108 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1109 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1110 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1111 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1112 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1116 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1117 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1118 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1119 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1121 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1122 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1123 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1124 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1128 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1129 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1130 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1131 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1132 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
1136 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1137 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1138 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
1139 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
1140 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1141 } elsif (class($op) eq "SVOP") {
1142 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
1143 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
1148 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
1149 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
1150 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
1151 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
1152 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
1153 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1154 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1155 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1156 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
1157 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
1158 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
1159 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
1160 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
1161 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
1162 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
1163 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
1164 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
1165 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
1166 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
1167 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
1168 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
1169 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
1170 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
1171 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
1172 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
1173 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
1174 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
1175 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
1176 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
1178 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
1179 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
1185 my $name = $op->name;
1186 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
1187 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
1190 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1191 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
1192 and null $op->first->sibling)
1194 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
1195 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
1196 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
1197 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
1198 # their associativity).
1199 return assoc_class($op->first);
1201 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
1204 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
1205 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
1208 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
1209 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
1210 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
1212 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
1213 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
1215 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
1217 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
1219 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
1223 sub deparse_binop_left {
1225 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
1226 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
1227 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
1229 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
1231 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
1235 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
1236 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
1239 %right = ('pow' => 22,
1240 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
1241 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
1242 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
1243 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
1245 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
1246 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
1248 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
1250 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
1256 sub deparse_binop_right {
1258 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
1259 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
1260 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
1262 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
1264 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
1270 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1271 my $left = $op->first;
1272 my $right = $op->last;
1274 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
1278 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
1279 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
1281 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1282 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1283 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1286 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1287 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1288 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
1289 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1290 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1291 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1292 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1293 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
1294 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1295 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1296 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
1298 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
1299 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
1300 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
1301 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
1302 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
1304 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1305 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1306 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1307 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1308 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1309 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1310 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1311 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1312 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1313 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1314 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1315 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1316 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1317 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1319 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
1320 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
1321 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
1322 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
1323 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
1324 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
1325 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
1327 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
1328 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
1330 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
1331 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
1332 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
1333 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
1337 my $left = $op->first;
1338 my $right = $op->last;
1341 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
1345 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1346 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1347 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1350 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
1354 my $left = $op->first;
1355 my $right = $op->last;
1358 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1362 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
1363 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1365 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1366 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1369 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
1371 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1373 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1374 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1379 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
1380 my $left = $op->first;
1381 my $right = $left->sibling;
1382 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
1383 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
1384 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
1390 my $flip = $op->first;
1391 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
1392 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
1395 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
1399 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
1400 my $left = $op->first;
1401 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
1402 if ($cx == 0 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
1403 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
1405 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
1406 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
1407 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
1408 } elsif ($cx == 0 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
1409 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
1410 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
1411 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
1412 return "$right $blockname $left";
1413 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
1414 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
1415 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
1416 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
1417 } else { # $a and $b
1418 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
1419 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
1420 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
1424 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
1425 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
1427 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
1428 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
1429 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
1433 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
1434 my $left = $op->first;
1435 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
1436 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
1437 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
1438 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
1441 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
1442 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
1446 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1448 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
1449 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1450 return $name if null $kid;
1451 my $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1452 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
1453 push @exprs, $first;
1454 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1455 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1456 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1459 return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
1461 return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
1465 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
1466 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
1467 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
1468 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
1469 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
1470 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
1471 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
1472 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
1473 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
1474 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
1475 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
1476 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
1477 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
1478 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
1479 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
1480 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
1481 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
1482 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
1483 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
1484 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
1485 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
1486 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
1487 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
1488 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
1489 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
1490 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
1491 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
1492 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
1493 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
1494 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
1495 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
1496 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
1497 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
1498 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
1499 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
1500 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
1501 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
1502 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
1503 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
1504 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
1505 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
1506 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
1507 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
1508 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
1509 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
1510 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
1511 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
1512 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
1513 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
1514 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
1515 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
1516 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
1517 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
1518 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
1519 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
1520 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
1521 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
1522 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
1523 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
1524 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
1525 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
1526 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
1527 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
1528 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
1529 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
1530 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
1531 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
1532 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
1533 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
1534 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
1535 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
1536 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
1537 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
1538 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
1539 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
1540 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
1541 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
1542 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
1543 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
1544 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
1545 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
1546 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
1551 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
1552 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
1553 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
1554 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
1556 return '<' . $text . '>';
1560 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
1561 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
1562 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
1568 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
1569 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1571 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1572 # $kid is an OP_CONST
1573 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
1575 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1576 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
1578 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
1580 return "truncate($fh, $len)";
1582 return "truncate $fh, $len";
1588 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1590 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
1592 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1594 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
1595 if (is_scope($indir)) {
1596 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
1598 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
1600 $indir = $indir . " ";
1601 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1603 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1604 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1607 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $indir . join(", ", @exprs),
1611 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
1612 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
1613 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
1617 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1619 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
1620 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
1621 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
1622 if (is_scope $code) {
1623 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
1625 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
1627 $kid = $kid->sibling;
1628 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1629 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1630 push @exprs, $expr if $expr;
1632 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
1635 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
1636 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
1642 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1644 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...) or my(...)
1645 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
1646 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
1647 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
1648 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
1649 unless ($lop->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO or $lop->name eq "undef")
1651 $local = ""; # or not
1654 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) { # my()
1655 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "local";
1657 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef") { # local()
1658 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my";
1662 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
1663 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
1664 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1666 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
1671 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
1672 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1673 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
1675 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1680 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
1682 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
1686 sub is_ifelse_cont {
1688 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1689 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
1690 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
1696 my $cond = $op->first;
1697 my $true = $cond->sibling;
1698 my $false = $true->sibling;
1699 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
1700 unless ($cx == 0 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
1701 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
1702 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
1703 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
1704 $true = $self->deparse($true, 8);
1705 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
1706 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
1709 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1710 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
1711 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
1713 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
1714 my $newop = $false->first;
1715 my $newcond = $newop->first;
1716 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
1717 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
1718 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
1719 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
1720 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
1722 if (!null($false)) {
1723 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
1724 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
1728 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
1733 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
1734 my $enter = $op->first;
1735 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
1736 local($self->{'curstash'}) = $self->{'curstash'};
1741 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
1742 if (is_state $kid->last) { # infinite
1743 $head = "for (;;) "; # shorter than while (1)
1749 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
1750 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
1751 my $var = $ary->sibling;
1752 if ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
1753 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
1755 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
1756 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
1758 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
1761 if ($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # thread special var
1762 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
1763 } else { # regular my() variable
1764 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
1765 if ($self->padname_sv($enter->targ)->IVX ==
1766 $kid->first->first->sibling->last->cop_seq)
1768 # If the scope of this variable closes at the last
1769 # statement of the loop, it must have been
1771 $var = "my " . $var;
1774 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
1775 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
1776 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
1777 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
1779 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
1780 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
1781 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
1783 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
1784 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
1785 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
1786 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
1787 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
1788 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
1790 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
1791 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's penultimate child, except
1792 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
1793 # these conditions hold, then the third-to-last child in the continue
1794 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
1795 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
1797 if ($$cont_start != $$op and $ {$cont_start->sibling} != $ {$body->last}) {
1799 $cont = $body->last;
1801 $cont = $body->first;
1802 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling->sibling)) {
1803 $cont = $cont->sibling;
1806 my $state = $body->first;
1807 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
1809 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
1810 push @states, $state;
1812 $body = $self->lineseq(@states);
1813 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
1814 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
1817 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
1818 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
1822 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
1824 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\n\b}" . $cont;
1827 sub pp_leaveloop { loop_common(@_, "") }
1832 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
1833 return $self->loop_common($op->sibling, $cx, $init);
1838 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
1841 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
1842 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
1847 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
1849 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
1850 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
1851 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
1852 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
1853 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
1854 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
1855 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
1856 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
1857 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
1858 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1859 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
1860 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
1862 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
1863 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
1864 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
1865 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
1866 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
1869 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
1876 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
1882 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
1888 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
1891 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
1892 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
1897 @threadsv_names = ("_", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9",
1898 "&", "`", "'", "+", "/", ".", ",", "\\", '"', ";",
1899 "^", "-", "%", "=", "|", "~", ":", "^A", "^E",
1906 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
1912 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
1913 return $self->padval($op->padix);
1914 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
1922 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1923 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $self->gv_name($gv));
1929 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1930 return $self->gv_name($gv);
1936 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
1937 return "\$" . $self->gv_name($gv) . "[" . $op->private . "]";
1942 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
1943 my $kid = $op->first;
1944 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
1945 return $type . (is_scalar($kid) ? $str : "{$str}");
1948 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
1949 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
1950 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
1956 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
1957 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
1959 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
1960 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
1964 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
1965 sub pp_rv2cv { $_[0]->rv2x($_[1]->first->first->sibling, $_[2], "&") }
1970 my $kid = $op->first;
1971 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
1972 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
1973 return "(" . join(", ", map(const($_), $av->ARRAY)) . ")";
1975 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
1979 sub is_subscriptable {
1981 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
1983 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
1984 my $kid = $op->first;
1985 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
1987 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
1988 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
1990 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
1991 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
1992 return is_subscriptable($kid);
2000 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
2001 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
2002 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
2003 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
2005 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
2006 $array = $self->padany($array);
2007 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
2008 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2009 } elsif (is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
2010 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2012 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
2013 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
2014 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow .
2015 $left . $self->deparse($idx, 1) . $right;
2017 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2018 return "\$" . $array . $left . $idx . $right;
2021 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
2022 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
2027 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
2028 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
2029 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
2030 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
2031 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
2032 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
2033 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
2038 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
2040 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
2041 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
2043 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
2044 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
2048 $array = $array->first
2049 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
2050 if (is_scope($array)) {
2051 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2052 } elsif ($array->name eq $padname) {
2053 $array = $self->padany($array);
2055 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2057 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2058 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
2059 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
2060 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2061 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2063 $list = join(", ", @elems);
2065 $list = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2067 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
2070 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
2071 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
2076 my $idx = $op->first;
2077 my $list = $op->last;
2079 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
2080 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2081 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
2086 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2091 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
2097 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2098 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
2099 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
2100 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
2101 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
2102 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
2103 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
2104 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
2105 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
2106 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
2107 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
2108 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
2109 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
2110 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
2111 $meth = $kid->sibling;
2112 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2114 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2115 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2116 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2120 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2121 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2122 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2126 $obj = $self->deparse($obj, 24);
2127 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
2128 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
2130 $meth = $meth->first;
2131 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
2132 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
2133 # method_named case above
2134 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
2136 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1);
2139 my $args = join(", ", @exprs);
2140 $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
2142 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
2148 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
2149 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
2152 my($proto, @args) = @_;
2156 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
2157 $proto =~ s/([^\\]|^)([@%])(.*)$/$1$2/;
2159 $proto =~ s/^ *([\\]?[\$\@&%*]|;)//;
2162 return "&" if @args;
2163 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
2165 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
2166 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
2172 if (want_scalar $arg) {
2173 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
2177 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
2178 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
2179 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
2183 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
2184 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
2185 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
2187 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
2188 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
2189 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
2191 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
2196 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
2197 $chr = substr($chr, 1);
2198 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
2199 !null($real = $arg->first) and
2200 ($chr eq "\$" && is_scalar($real->first)
2202 && $real->first->sibling->name
2205 && $real->first->sibling->name
2207 #or ($chr eq "&" # This doesn't work
2208 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
2210 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
2212 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
2219 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
2220 return "&" if @args; # too many args
2221 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
2227 return $self->method($op, $cx) unless null $op->first->sibling;
2231 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2233 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
2237 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
2238 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2243 if (is_scope($kid)) {
2245 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2246 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
2247 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
2248 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
2249 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
2251 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
2252 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
2253 } elsif (is_scalar $kid->first) {
2255 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
2258 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
2259 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
2262 if (defined $proto and not $amper) {
2263 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
2264 if ($amper eq "&") {
2265 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
2268 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
2270 if ($prefix or $amper) {
2271 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2272 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
2274 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
2277 if (defined $proto and $proto eq "") {
2279 } elsif (defined $proto and $proto eq "\$") {
2280 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
2281 } elsif (defined($proto) && $proto or $simple) {
2282 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
2284 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
2289 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
2291 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
2292 # but not character escapes
2295 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1\\$2/g;
2299 # the same, but treat $|, $), and $ at the end of the string differently
2302 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\@|\\[uUlLQE])/$1\\$2/g;
2303 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\])(\$[^)|])/$1\\$2/g;
2307 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
2308 sub escape_str { # ASCII
2311 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means someting different in a regex
2317 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/'\\c' . chr(ord('@') + ord($1))/ge;
2318 $str =~ s/([\0\033-\037\177-\377])/'\\' . sprintf("%03o", ord($1))/ge;
2322 # Don't do this for regexen
2325 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
2329 sub balanced_delim {
2331 my @str = split //, $str;
2332 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt);
2333 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
2334 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
2335 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0;
2339 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
2348 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
2349 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
2355 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
2356 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
2357 my($succeed, $delim);
2358 ($succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
2359 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
2360 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
2361 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
2364 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
2365 return "$default$str$default";
2374 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
2375 return ('undef', '1', '0')[$$sv-1]; # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
2376 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
2377 return $sv->int_value;
2378 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
2380 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK) {
2381 return "\\(" . const($sv->RV) . ")"; # constant folded
2384 if ($str =~ /[^ -~]/) { # ASCII for non-printing
2385 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
2387 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
2396 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
2397 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
2404 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
2405 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
2407 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
2408 # return const($sv);
2410 return $c =~ /^-\d/ ? $self->maybe_parens($c, $cx, 21) : $c;
2416 my $type = $op->name;
2417 if ($type eq "const") {
2418 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->PV)));
2419 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
2420 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
2421 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
2422 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
2423 if ($last =~ /^[{\[\w]/) {
2424 $first =~ s/([%\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/;
2426 return $first . $last;
2427 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
2428 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2429 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
2430 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2431 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
2432 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
2433 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
2434 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
2435 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
2436 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2437 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
2438 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
2440 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
2448 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($op->first->sibling));
2454 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
2455 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
2456 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
2457 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
2460 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
2461 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
2463 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
2464 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
2466 my($from, $to) = @_;
2467 my($succeed, $delim);
2468 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
2469 return "/$from/$to/";
2470 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
2471 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
2474 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
2475 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
2478 return "$from/$to/";
2481 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
2482 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
2483 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
2485 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
2487 return "/$from/$to/";
2493 if ($n == ord '\\') {
2495 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
2497 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
2499 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
2501 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
2503 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
2505 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
2507 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
2509 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
2511 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
2512 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
2514 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
2515 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
2521 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
2522 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
2525 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
2526 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
2528 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
2531 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
2537 # XXX This has trouble with hyphens in the replacement (tr/bac/-AC/),
2540 sub tr_decode_byte {
2541 my($table, $flags) = @_;
2542 my(@table) = unpack("s256", $table);
2543 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
2544 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
2545 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
2547 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
2548 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
2552 } else { # -2 ==> delete
2556 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
2559 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
2560 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
2564 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
2565 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
2568 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
2569 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
2570 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
2574 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
2575 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
2578 $from = collapse(@from);
2579 $to = collapse(@to);
2580 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
2581 return ($from, $to);
2586 if ($x == ord "-") {
2593 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
2595 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
2596 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
2597 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
2599 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
2600 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
2601 my $extra = $none + 1;
2602 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
2604 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
2605 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
2612 $result = hex $result;
2613 if ($result == $extra) {
2614 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
2616 push @from, [$min, $max];
2617 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
2620 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
2621 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
2622 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
2623 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
2625 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
2628 unshift @from, ord '-';
2629 unshift @to, ord '-';
2633 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
2634 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
2635 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
2637 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
2639 push @delfrom, ord '-';
2643 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
2644 push @to, [$final, $final];
2646 push @from, @delfrom;
2647 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
2650 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
2651 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
2652 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
2655 for my $range (@newfrom) {
2656 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
2661 my($from, $to, $diff);
2662 for my $chunk (@from) {
2663 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
2665 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2666 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
2667 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2669 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
2672 for my $chunk (@to) {
2673 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
2675 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2676 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
2677 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
2679 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
2682 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
2683 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
2684 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
2685 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
2686 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
2687 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
2694 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
2695 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $op->private);
2696 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2697 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $op->private);
2700 $flags .= "c" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
2701 $flags .= "d" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
2702 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
2703 $flags .= "s" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
2704 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
2707 # Like dq(), but different
2711 my $type = $op->name;
2712 if ($type eq "const") {
2713 return re_uninterp($self->const_sv($op)->PV);
2714 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
2715 my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first);
2716 my $last = $self->re_dq($op->last);
2717 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
2718 if ($last =~ /^[{\[\w]/) {
2719 $first =~ s/([%\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/;
2721 return $first . $last;
2722 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
2723 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2724 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
2725 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2726 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
2727 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling);
2728 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
2729 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling);
2730 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
2731 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
2732 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
2733 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
2735 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
2742 my $kid = $op->first;
2743 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
2744 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
2745 return $self->re_dq($kid);
2748 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
2751 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
2752 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
2753 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
2757 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
2758 my $kid = $op->first;
2759 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
2760 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2762 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
2763 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2766 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($op->precomp));
2768 $re = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2771 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
2772 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
2773 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
2774 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
2775 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
2776 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
2777 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
2778 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
2779 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
2783 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
2787 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ $re", $cx, 20);
2793 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
2794 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
2795 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
2800 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
2802 if ($ {$kid->pmreplroot}) {
2803 $ary = '@' . $self->gv_name($kid->pmreplroot);
2805 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2806 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2808 $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2810 return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
2816 # oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
2817 # hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
2818 # bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
2821 map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
2822 'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
2823 'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
2824 'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi');
2829 my $kid = $op->first;
2830 my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
2831 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2833 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
2834 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2837 if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
2838 $repl = $self->dq($kid);
2839 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2841 $repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
2842 while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
2843 $repl = $repl->first;
2846 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
2847 $repl = $self->deparse($repl, 0);
2849 $repl = $self->dq($repl);
2853 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($op->precomp));
2855 $re = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2857 $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
2858 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
2859 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
2860 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
2861 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
2862 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
2863 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
2864 $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
2866 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
2867 . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
2870 return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;
2879 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
2883 B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-u>I<PACKAGE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
2884 [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
2888 B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
2889 perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
2890 itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
2891 be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
2892 track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
2893 correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
2894 compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
2895 option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
2896 required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
2897 parsing your expressions the way you intended.
2899 Please note that this module is mainly new and untested code and is
2900 still under development, so it may change in the future.
2904 As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
2905 the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
2911 Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
2912 locations of the original code.
2916 Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
2917 parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
2918 structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
2919 whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
2920 LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
2922 if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
2923 print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
2924 $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
2926 C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
2929 print('Gimme an A!')
2931 (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
2932 (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
2934 which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
2935 perl optimized away a constant value).
2939 Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
2940 concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
2943 print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
2947 print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
2948 . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
2950 Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
2951 constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
2952 translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
2953 C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
2954 of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
2956 =item B<-u>I<PACKAGE>
2958 Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, all the subs
2959 called by the main program (and all the subs called by them,
2960 recursively), and any other subs in the main:: package. To include
2961 subs in other packages that aren't called directly, such as AUTOLOAD,
2962 DESTROY, other subs called automatically by perl, and methods (which
2963 aren't resolved to subs until runtime), use the B<-u> option. The
2964 argument to B<-u> is the name of a package, and should follow directly
2965 after the 'u'. Multiple B<-u> options may be given, separated by
2966 commas. Note that unlike some other backends, B::Deparse doesn't
2967 (yet) try to guess automatically when B<-u> is needed -- you must
2970 =item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
2972 Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
2973 directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
2974 options are available:
2980 Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
2997 The default is not to cuddle.
3001 Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
3005 Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
3006 For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
3007 3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
3008 B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
3010 =item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
3012 Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
3013 because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
3014 is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
3015 The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
3016 Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
3017 a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
3018 conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
3019 'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
3020 B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
3021 or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
3022 If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
3023 you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
3024 true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
3025 file is compiled as a main program.
3031 Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
3032 their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
3033 meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
3034 special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
3036 If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, for loops will be translated into equivalent
3037 while loops with continue blocks; for instance
3039 for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
3052 Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
3053 into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
3054 for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
3056 If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, if statements will be translated into equivalent
3057 expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
3059 print 'hi' if $nice;
3071 $nice and print 'hi';
3072 $nice and do { print 'hi' };
3073 $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
3075 Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
3076 B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
3080 =head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
3085 $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
3086 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
3087 eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
3091 B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
3096 $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
3098 Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
3099 options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
3100 command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
3101 after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings. Some
3102 options, like B<-u>, don't make sense for a single subroutine, so
3107 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
3108 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
3110 Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
3111 preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
3112 sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
3113 this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
3114 want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
3115 for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
3116 the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
3120 See the 'to do' list at the beginning of the module file.
3124 Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier
3125 version by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with
3126 contributions from Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Hugo van
3127 der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, and Nick Ing-Simmons.