2 # Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003 Stephen McCamant. All rights reserved.
3 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
4 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
6 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
7 # but essentially none of his code remains.
11 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
12 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
13 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD
14 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
15 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
16 OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
18 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
19 CVf_METHOD CVf_LOCKED CVf_LVALUE CVf_ASSERTION
20 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE PMf_SKIPWHITE
21 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED);
24 use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
27 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
28 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
29 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
30 # - handle empty programs gracefully
31 # - handle infinte loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
32 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
33 # - various minor cleanups
34 # - moved globals into an object
35 # - added `-u', like B::C
36 # - package declarations using cop_stash
37 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
38 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
39 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
40 # - added documentation
41 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
42 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
43 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
44 # - various other minor fixes
45 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
46 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
48 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
49 # - added support for new qr// construct
50 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
51 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
52 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
53 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
54 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
55 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
56 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
57 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
58 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
59 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
60 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
61 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
62 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
63 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
64 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
65 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
66 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
67 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
68 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
69 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
70 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
71 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
72 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
73 # - various minor cleanups
75 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
76 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
77 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
78 # - added methods for use from other programs
79 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
80 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
81 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
82 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
84 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
85 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
86 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
87 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
88 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
89 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
90 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
91 # - support for method attribues was added
92 # - some warnings fixed
93 # - separate recognition of constant subs
94 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recoginizing for loops
95 # - added more control of expanding control structures
96 # Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
98 # - support for pragmas and 'use'
99 # - support for the little-used $[ variable
100 # - support for __DATA__ sections
102 # - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
103 # - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
104 # - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
105 # output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
106 # - our() declarations
107 # - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
108 # - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
109 # Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
112 # - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
113 # Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
114 # - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
115 # - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
116 # - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
118 # - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
121 # (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
123 # - finish tr/// changes
124 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
125 # - left/right context
126 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
127 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
128 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
129 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
130 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
131 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
132 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
133 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
134 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
135 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
136 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
139 # Current test.deparse failures
140 # comp/assertions 38 - disabled assertions should be like "my($x) if 0"
141 # 'sub f : assertion {}; no assertions; my $x=1; {f(my $x=2); print "$x\n"}'
142 # comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
143 # run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
144 # perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
145 # op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
146 # 'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
147 # op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
148 # 'my $x : shared = 5'
149 # op/override 7 - parens on overriden require change v-string interpretation
150 # 'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
151 # c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
152 # op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
153 # 'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
154 # op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
156 # op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
157 # op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
158 # op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
160 # ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
161 # ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
162 # ext/DB_file/several
164 # ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
165 # ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
166 # ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
167 # ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
168 # ext/Socket/Socket 8
169 # ext/Storable/t/croak compile
170 # lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
171 # lib/bignum/ several
175 # lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
176 # lib/File/DosGlob compile
177 # lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
178 # lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
179 # lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
180 # lib/overload compile
181 # lib/Switch/ several
183 # lib/Test/Simple several
185 # lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
188 # Object fields (were globals):
191 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
192 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
193 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
194 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
195 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
199 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
202 # Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are names,
203 # each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
204 # in which a var of that name is valid.
207 # COP for statement being deparsed
210 # name of the current package for deparsed code
213 # array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
217 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
219 # subs_done, forms_done:
220 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
221 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
224 # keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
225 # That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments.
228 # Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
233 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
238 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
241 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
242 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
243 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
244 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
245 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
246 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
247 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
248 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
249 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
250 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
251 # the parens off the listop.
254 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
255 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
259 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
264 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
265 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
266 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
273 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
275 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
279 # 1 statement modifiers
280 # 0.5 statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
283 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
284 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
285 # \n - newline and indent
286 # \t - increase indent
287 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
288 # \f - flush left (no indent)
289 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
293 return class($op) eq "NULL";
298 my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
299 return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
301 if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
302 $seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
303 } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
304 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
308 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
309 unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
310 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
316 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
319 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
321 return "format $name =\n"
322 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
324 $self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
325 if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
326 my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
327 if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
328 return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
333 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
334 my $line = $gv->LINE;
335 my $file = $gv->FILE;
336 $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
339 if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
340 my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
341 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
342 $p = "package $stash;\n";
343 $name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
344 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
346 $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E:://;
348 return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
352 # Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
354 my ($self, $cv) = @_;
355 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
356 local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
358 #B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
359 my $lineseq = $root->first;
360 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
362 my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
363 return if $req_op->name ne "require";
366 if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
367 # Actually it should always be a bareword
368 $module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
369 $module =~ s[/][::]g;
373 $module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
377 my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
378 return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
379 if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
380 # We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
381 my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
383 return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
384 $constop = $constop->sibling;
385 $version = $self->const_sv($constop);
386 if (class($version) eq "IV") {
387 $version = $version->int_value;
388 } elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
389 $version = $version->NV;
390 } elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
391 # Includes PVIV and PVNV
392 $version = $version->PV;
394 # version specified as a v-string
395 $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
397 $constop = $constop->sibling;
398 return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
399 return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
402 $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
403 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
404 my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
405 if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
406 return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
407 return "use $module ();\n";
409 return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
411 # See if there are import arguments
414 my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
415 return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
417 # Pull out the arguments
418 for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
419 $svop = $svop->sibling) {
420 $args .= ", " if length($args);
421 $args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
425 my $method_named = $svop;
426 return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
427 my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
429 if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
433 # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
434 # so we ignore them here
435 if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
436 || $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings') {
440 if (defined $version && length $args) {
441 return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
442 } elsif (defined $version) {
443 return "$use $module $version;\n";
444 } elsif (length $args) {
445 return "$use $module ($args);\n";
447 return "$use $module;\n";
452 my ($self, $pack) = @_;
454 if (!defined $pack) {
459 $pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
463 my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
464 while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
465 next if $key eq 'main::'; # avoid infinite recursion
466 my $class = class($val);
467 if ($class eq "PV") {
468 # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
469 # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
470 # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
471 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
472 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
473 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
475 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
477 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
478 } elsif ($class eq "IV") {
479 # Just a name. As above.
480 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
481 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
482 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
484 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
486 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
487 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
488 if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
489 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
490 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
493 if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
494 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
495 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
498 if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
499 $self->stash_subs($pack . $key);
509 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
510 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
511 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
513 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
521 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
523 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
524 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
525 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
526 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
527 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
528 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
529 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
530 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
531 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
532 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
533 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
540 my $self = bless {}, $class;
541 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
542 $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
543 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
544 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
545 $self->{'expand'} = 0;
546 $self->{'files'} = {};
547 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
548 $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
549 $self->{'parens'} = 0;
550 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
551 $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
552 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
553 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
555 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
556 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
557 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
560 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
562 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
563 require Data::Dumper;
564 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
565 $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
566 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
567 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
568 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
569 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
570 } elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
571 $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
572 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
573 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
574 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
575 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
576 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
577 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
584 # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
587 $WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
594 # Initialise the contextual information, either from
595 # defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
596 # or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
600 $self->{'arybase'} = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
601 $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
602 ? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
604 $self->{'hints'} = $self->{'ambient_hints'} & 0xFF;
606 # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
607 delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
613 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
614 # First deparse command-line args
615 if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
616 print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
618 if ($^W) { # deparse -w
619 print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
621 if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
622 my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
623 my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
624 print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
626 my @BEGINs = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
627 my @CHECKs = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
628 my @INITs = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
629 my @ENDs = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
630 for my $block (@BEGINs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
631 $self->todo($block, 0);
634 local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
636 if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
637 my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
638 my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
639 print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
642 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
643 $self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
644 print $self->print_protos;
645 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
646 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
647 print $self->indent($self->deparse_root(main_root)), "\n"
648 unless null main_root;
650 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
651 push @text, $self->next_todo;
653 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
655 # Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
657 my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
658 ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
659 if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
660 print "package $laststash;\n"
661 unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
663 print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
671 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
674 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
677 sub ambient_pragmas {
679 my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits) = (0, 0);
685 if ($name eq 'strict') {
688 if ($val eq 'none') {
689 $hint_bits &= ~strict::bits(qw/refs subs vars/);
695 @names = qw/refs subs vars/;
701 @names = split' ', $val;
703 $hint_bits |= strict::bits(@names);
706 elsif ($name eq '$[') {
710 elsif ($name eq 'integer'
712 || $name eq 'utf8') {
715 $hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
718 $hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
722 elsif ($name eq 're') {
724 if ($val eq 'none') {
725 $hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
731 @names = qw/taint eval/;
737 @names = split' ',$val;
739 $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
742 elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
743 if ($val eq 'none') {
744 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
753 @names = split/\s+/, $val;
756 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
757 $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
760 elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
761 $warning_bits = $val;
764 elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
769 croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
773 croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
776 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
777 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
778 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
781 # This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
786 Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
787 || class($op) eq "NULL";
788 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
789 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
795 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
800 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
801 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
802 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
803 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
804 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
806 $leader = " " x $level;
808 $line = substr($line, 1);
810 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
811 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
813 $line = $leader . $line;
817 return join("\n", @lines);
824 Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
825 Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
826 local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
827 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
828 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
830 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE|CVf_ASSERTION)) {
832 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
833 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
834 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
835 $proto .= "assertion " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_ASSERTION;
838 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
839 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
840 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
841 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
843 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
844 my $lineseq = $cv->ROOT->first;
845 if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
847 for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
850 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @ops).";";
851 my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
852 if (defined $scope_en) {
853 my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
854 $body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
858 $body = $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0);
862 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
864 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
865 return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
866 } else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
870 return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
877 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
878 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
879 local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
880 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
881 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
882 my $op = $form->ROOT;
884 return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
885 || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
886 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
887 while (not null $op) {
888 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
890 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
891 push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
892 $kid = $kid->sibling;
893 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
894 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
896 push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
899 return join("", @text) . "\f.";
904 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
905 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
906 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
907 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
911 my $name = $_[0]->name;
912 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
915 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
917 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
918 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
919 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
920 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
921 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
922 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
923 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
927 # Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
928 # for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
931 # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
932 # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
933 # will be an sassign.) The sibling is a lineseq whose first child
934 # is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop.
935 my $lseq = $op->sibling;
936 if (!is_state $op and !null($lseq) and $lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
937 if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
938 && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
939 return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
947 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
948 $op->name eq "padsv" or
949 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
950 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
951 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
956 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
957 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
958 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
959 or $self->{'parens'})
962 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
963 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
970 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
971 sub maybe_parens_unop {
973 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
974 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
975 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
976 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
977 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
979 return "$name($kid)";
981 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
982 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
983 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
985 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
987 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
988 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
989 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
990 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
991 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
998 sub maybe_parens_func {
1000 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1001 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
1002 return "$func($text)";
1004 return "$func $text";
1010 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1011 my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
1012 if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)
1013 and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1014 my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
1015 if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
1016 die "Unexpected our($text)\n" unless $text =~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/;
1017 $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
1019 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1020 return "$our_local $text";
1022 return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
1031 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
1032 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
1033 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
1034 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
1035 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
1037 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
1044 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1049 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1050 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1051 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1054 return $self->maybe_parens_func("my", $text, $cx, 16);
1061 # The following OPs don't have functions:
1063 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
1066 if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
1067 warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
1070 die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
1074 sub DESTROY {} # Do not AUTOLOAD
1076 # $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
1077 # we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
1078 # any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
1079 # append appropriate declarations.
1081 my($self, $root, @ops) = @_;
1084 my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
1085 my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
1087 if (defined $root) {
1088 $limit_seq = $out_seq;
1089 my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
1090 $limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
1091 or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
1093 $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
1094 if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
1095 && (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
1096 local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
1097 for (my $i = 0; $i < @ops; $i++) {
1099 if (is_state $ops[$i]) {
1100 $expr = $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
1107 if (!is_state $ops[$i] and (my $ls = $ops[$i+1]) and
1108 !null($ops[$i+1]) and $ops[$i+1]->name eq "lineseq")
1110 if ($ls->first && !null($ls->first) && is_state($ls->first)
1111 && (my $sib = $ls->first->sibling)) {
1112 if (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop") {
1113 push @exprs, $expr . $self->for_loop($ops[$i], 0);
1119 $expr .= $self->deparse($ops[$i], (@ops != 1)/2);
1120 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1123 my $body = join(";\n", grep {length} @exprs);
1125 if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
1126 $subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
1128 return join(";\n", grep {length} $body, $subs);
1132 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
1136 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1137 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'} if $real_block;
1139 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
1140 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
1141 my $top = $kid->first;
1142 my $name = $top->name;
1143 if ($name eq "and") {
1145 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
1147 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
1148 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
1150 my $cond = $top->first;
1151 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
1152 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1153 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
1154 return "$body $name $cond";
1159 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1162 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
1163 return "do {\n\t" . $self->lineseq($op, @kids) . "\n\b}";
1165 my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, @kids);
1166 return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
1170 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
1171 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
1172 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
1174 # This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
1175 # main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
1176 # soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
1180 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1181 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
1183 for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1186 for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
1188 if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
1189 $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i], 0);
1192 print $self->indent($expr);
1196 if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
1197 $expr .= $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0);
1198 $expr .= ";\n" unless $i == $#kids;
1199 print $self->indent($expr);
1203 $expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
1204 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1206 print $self->indent($expr);
1207 print "\n" unless $i == $#kids;
1211 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
1212 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
1214 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
1215 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
1220 Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
1221 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
1222 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
1223 if (($stash eq 'main' && $globalnames{$name})
1224 or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name})
1225 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_]/)
1229 $stash = $stash . "::";
1231 if ($name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
1232 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
1234 return $stash . $name;
1237 # Return the name to use for a stash variable.
1238 # If a lexical with the same name is in scope, it may need to be
1240 sub stash_variable {
1241 my ($self, $prefix, $name) = @_;
1243 return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
1245 unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
1246 $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
1247 return "$prefix$name";
1250 my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
1251 return $prefix .$self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name if $self->lex_in_scope($v);
1252 return "$prefix$name";
1256 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1257 $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
1259 return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
1260 my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
1261 return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
1262 for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
1263 my ($st, $en) = @$a;
1264 return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
1269 sub populate_curcvlex {
1271 for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
1272 my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
1273 # an undef CV still in lexical chain
1274 next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
1275 my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
1276 my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
1278 for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
1279 next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
1280 next if $ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR; # Skip "our" vars
1281 if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
1282 # Probably that pesky lexical @_
1285 my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
1286 my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
1287 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
1289 : ($ns[$i]->NVX, $ns[$i]->IVX);
1291 push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
1296 sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
1297 sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
1299 # Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
1301 my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
1302 carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
1303 return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
1305 for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1306 if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
1307 my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->NVX);
1308 my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->IVX;
1309 $scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
1310 $scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
1312 elsif (is_state($o)) {
1313 my $c = $o->cop_seq;
1314 $scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
1315 $scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
1317 elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1318 ($scope_st, $scope_en) =
1319 $self->find_scope($o, $scope_st, $scope_en)
1323 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1326 # Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
1328 my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
1329 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
1330 # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
1331 # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
1332 if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
1333 and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
1336 $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
1337 return $self->seq_subs($seq);
1341 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
1343 #push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
1345 return "" if !defined $seq;
1346 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
1347 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
1348 push @text, $self->next_todo;
1353 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
1354 # also $[ assignments and pragmas.
1358 $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
1360 push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
1361 push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
1362 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
1363 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
1364 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
1365 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
1368 if ($self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
1369 push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
1370 $self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
1373 my $warnings = $op->warnings;
1375 if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
1376 $warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
1378 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
1379 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
1381 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
1382 $warning_bits = undef;
1385 $warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
1388 if (defined ($warning_bits) and
1389 !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
1390 push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
1391 $self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
1394 if ($self->{'hints'} != $op->private) {
1395 push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $op->private);
1396 $self->{'hints'} = $op->private;
1399 # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
1400 # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
1401 # the original program.
1402 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
1403 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
1404 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
1407 return join("", @text);
1410 sub declare_warnings {
1411 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1412 if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq warnings::bits("all")) {
1413 return "use warnings;\n";
1415 elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq "\0"x length($to)) {
1416 return "no warnings;\n";
1418 return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
1422 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1423 my $use = $to & ~$from;
1424 my $no = $from & ~$to;
1426 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
1427 $decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
1429 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
1430 $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
1438 push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
1439 push @pragmas, "strict 'refs'" if $bits & 0x2;
1440 push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
1444 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1445 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1447 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
1451 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1457 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1465 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
1466 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
1467 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
1468 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
1469 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
1470 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
1471 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
1472 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
1473 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
1474 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
1475 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
1476 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
1477 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
1478 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
1479 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
1480 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
1481 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
1482 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
1483 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
1484 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
1485 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
1487 sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
1489 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
1490 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
1494 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1495 my $kid = $op->first;
1496 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
1497 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
1501 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1502 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1503 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1504 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1505 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1506 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1507 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1508 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1509 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
1511 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
1515 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
1517 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
1519 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
1522 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
1528 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
1530 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
1536 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1538 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1540 if (defined prototype("CORE::$name")
1541 && prototype("CORE::$name") =~ /^;?\*/
1542 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
1546 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1548 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1552 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1553 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1554 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1555 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1556 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
1557 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
1558 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
1559 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
1560 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
1562 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
1563 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
1564 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
1565 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
1566 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
1567 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
1568 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
1569 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
1570 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
1571 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
1572 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
1574 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
1575 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
1576 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
1578 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
1579 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
1580 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
1581 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
1582 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
1584 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
1585 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
1586 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
1587 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
1589 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
1590 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
1591 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
1592 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
1593 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
1594 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
1595 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
1596 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
1597 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
1598 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
1599 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
1601 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
1602 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
1603 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
1604 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
1605 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
1606 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
1607 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
1608 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
1609 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
1610 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
1611 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
1612 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
1613 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
1615 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
1616 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
1618 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
1619 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
1620 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
1621 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
1622 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
1623 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
1624 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
1625 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
1626 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
1627 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
1628 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
1630 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
1636 if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
1637 # Checking for the existence of a subroutine
1638 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1639 $self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1641 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1642 # Array element, not hash element
1643 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1644 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1646 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1654 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
1655 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1656 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1657 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1658 $self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
1661 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1662 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1665 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1666 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1667 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1668 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
1671 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1672 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1680 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1681 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1683 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1686 return "require $name";
1688 $self->unop($op, $cx, "require");
1695 my $kid = $op->first;
1696 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1697 # XXX Was a here-doc
1698 return $self->dquote($op);
1700 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1707 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1713 my $kid = $op->first;
1714 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1716 if ($kid->name eq "anonlist" || $kid->name eq "anonhash") {
1717 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1718 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$kid->name}};
1720 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1721 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1722 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1725 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1726 } elsif (!null($kid->sibling) and
1727 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1729 $self->deparse_sub($self->padval($kid->sibling->targ));
1730 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1731 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1732 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1733 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1735 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1737 return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
1738 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1739 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1740 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1741 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1742 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1747 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1750 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1755 my $kid = $op->first;
1756 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1757 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
1758 return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
1764 return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
1767 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1770 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1772 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1774 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1775 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1776 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1778 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1782 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1783 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1784 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1785 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1786 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1790 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1791 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1792 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1793 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1795 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1796 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1797 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1798 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1802 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1803 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1804 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1805 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1806 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
1810 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1811 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1812 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
1813 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
1814 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1815 } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
1816 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
1817 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
1822 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
1823 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
1824 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
1825 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
1826 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
1827 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1828 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
1829 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-x") }
1830 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
1831 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
1832 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
1833 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
1834 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
1835 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
1836 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
1837 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
1838 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
1839 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
1840 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
1841 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
1842 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
1843 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
1844 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
1845 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
1846 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
1847 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
1848 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
1849 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
1850 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
1852 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
1853 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
1854 sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
1860 my $name = $op->name;
1861 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
1862 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
1865 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1866 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
1867 and null $op->first->sibling)
1869 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
1870 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
1871 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
1872 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
1873 # their associativity).
1874 return assoc_class($op->first);
1876 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
1879 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
1880 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
1883 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
1884 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
1885 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
1887 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
1888 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
1890 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
1892 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
1894 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
1898 sub deparse_binop_left {
1900 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
1901 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
1902 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
1904 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
1906 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
1910 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
1911 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
1914 %right = ('pow' => 22,
1915 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
1916 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
1917 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
1918 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
1920 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
1921 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
1923 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
1925 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
1931 sub deparse_binop_right {
1933 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
1934 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
1935 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
1937 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
1939 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
1945 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1946 my $left = $op->first;
1947 my $right = $op->last;
1949 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
1953 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
1954 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
1956 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1957 $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
1958 && $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
1959 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1960 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1963 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1964 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1965 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
1966 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1967 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1968 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1969 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1970 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
1971 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1972 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1973 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
1975 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
1976 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
1977 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
1978 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
1979 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
1981 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1982 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1983 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1984 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1985 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1986 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1987 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1988 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1989 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1990 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1991 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1992 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1993 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1994 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1996 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
1997 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
1998 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
1999 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
2000 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
2001 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
2002 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
2004 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
2005 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
2007 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
2008 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
2009 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
2010 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
2014 my $left = $op->first;
2015 my $right = $op->last;
2018 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
2022 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2023 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2024 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2027 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
2031 my $left = $op->first;
2032 my $right = $op->last;
2035 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2039 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
2040 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2042 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2043 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2046 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
2048 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2050 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2051 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2056 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2057 my $left = $op->first;
2058 my $right = $left->sibling;
2059 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
2060 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
2061 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
2067 my $flip = $op->first;
2068 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
2069 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
2072 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
2076 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
2077 my $left = $op->first;
2078 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
2079 if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
2080 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
2082 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2083 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
2084 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
2085 } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
2086 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
2087 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
2088 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2089 return "$right $blockname $left";
2090 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
2091 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
2092 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
2093 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
2094 } else { # $a and $b
2095 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
2096 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
2097 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
2101 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
2102 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
2103 sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "err", 2, "//", 10, "") }
2105 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
2106 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
2107 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
2111 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
2112 my $left = $op->first;
2113 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
2114 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
2115 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
2116 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
2119 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
2120 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
2121 sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
2125 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2127 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2128 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2129 return $name if null $kid;
2131 $name = "socketpair" if $name eq "sockpair";
2132 if (defined prototype("CORE::$name")
2133 && prototype("CORE::$name") =~ /^;?\*/
2134 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2135 $first = $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2138 $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2140 if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
2141 $first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
2143 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
2144 push @exprs, $first;
2145 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2146 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2147 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2150 return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2152 return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
2156 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
2157 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
2158 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
2159 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
2160 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
2161 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
2162 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
2163 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
2164 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
2165 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
2166 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
2167 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
2168 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
2169 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
2170 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
2171 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
2172 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
2173 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
2174 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
2175 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
2176 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
2177 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
2178 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
2179 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
2180 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
2181 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
2182 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
2183 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
2184 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
2185 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
2186 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
2187 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
2188 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
2189 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
2190 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
2191 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
2192 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
2193 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
2194 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
2195 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
2196 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
2197 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
2198 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
2199 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
2200 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
2201 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
2202 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
2203 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
2204 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
2205 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
2206 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
2207 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
2208 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
2209 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
2210 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
2211 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
2212 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
2213 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
2214 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
2215 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
2216 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
2217 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
2218 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
2219 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
2220 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
2221 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
2222 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
2223 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
2224 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
2225 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
2226 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
2227 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
2228 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
2229 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
2230 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
2231 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
2232 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
2233 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
2234 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
2235 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
2236 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
2237 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
2242 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
2243 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
2244 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
2245 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
2247 return '<' . $text . '>';
2251 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
2252 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
2253 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
2259 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2260 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2262 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2263 # $kid is an OP_CONST
2264 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
2266 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2267 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
2269 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
2271 return "truncate($fh, $len)";
2273 return "truncate $fh, $len";
2279 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2281 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2283 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2285 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
2286 if (is_scope($indir)) {
2287 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
2288 $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
2289 } elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
2290 $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
2292 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
2294 $indir = $indir . " ";
2295 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2297 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
2298 $indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
2301 elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
2302 $indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
2304 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2305 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2308 my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
2309 if ($indir ne "" and $name eq "sort") {
2310 # We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
2311 # give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
2312 # requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
2313 # 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
2314 # neccessary more often that they really are, because we don't
2315 # distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
2317 return "($name $args)";
2319 return "$name $args";
2322 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $args, $cx, 5);
2327 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
2328 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
2329 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
2333 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2335 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
2336 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
2337 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
2338 if (is_scope $code) {
2339 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
2341 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
2343 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2344 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2345 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2346 push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
2348 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
2351 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
2352 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
2358 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2360 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...) or our(...)
2361 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
2362 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
2363 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
2364 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
2366 # OP_ENTERSUB can break this logic, so check for it.
2367 # I suspect that open and exit can too.
2369 if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
2370 or $lop->name eq "undef")
2371 or $lop->name eq "entersub"
2372 or $lop->name eq "exit"
2373 or $lop->name eq "open")
2375 $local = ""; # or not
2378 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) { # my()
2379 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "local" || $local eq "our";
2381 } elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
2382 && $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
2383 or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
2384 && $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
2385 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my" || $local eq "local";
2387 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef") { # local()
2388 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my" || $local eq "our";
2392 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
2393 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
2394 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2396 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
2401 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
2402 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2403 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
2405 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2410 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2412 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
2416 sub is_ifelse_cont {
2418 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2419 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
2420 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
2426 my $cond = $op->first;
2427 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2428 my $false = $true->sibling;
2429 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2430 unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
2431 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
2432 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
2433 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
2434 $true = $self->deparse($true, 8);
2435 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
2436 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
2439 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
2440 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
2441 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
2443 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
2444 my $newop = $false->first;
2445 my $newcond = $newop->first;
2446 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
2447 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
2448 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
2449 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
2450 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
2452 if (!null($false)) {
2453 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
2454 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2458 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
2463 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
2464 my $enter = $op->first;
2465 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
2466 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
2467 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
2472 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
2473 if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
2474 $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
2480 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
2481 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
2482 my $var = $ary->sibling;
2483 if ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
2484 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
2486 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
2487 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
2489 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
2492 if ($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # thread special var
2493 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
2494 } else { # regular my() variable
2495 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
2497 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
2498 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
2499 if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
2500 # our declarations don't have package names
2501 $var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
2504 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
2505 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
2507 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
2508 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
2509 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
2511 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
2512 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
2513 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
2514 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
2515 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
2516 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
2518 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
2519 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
2520 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
2521 # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
2522 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
2523 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
2525 if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
2527 $cont = $body->last;
2529 $cont = $body->first;
2530 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
2531 $cont = $cont->sibling;
2534 my $state = $body->first;
2535 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2537 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
2538 push @states, $state;
2540 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @states);
2541 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
2542 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
2545 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
2546 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2549 return "" if !defined $body;
2551 $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
2554 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
2556 $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
2558 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
2561 sub pp_leaveloop { loop_common(@_, "") }
2566 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
2567 return $self->loop_common($op->sibling->first->sibling, $cx, $init);
2572 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
2575 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
2576 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
2577 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_RV2SV () {" . opnumber("rv2sv") . "}" }
2578 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_LIST () {" . opnumber("list") . "}" }
2583 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
2585 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
2586 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
2587 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
2588 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
2589 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
2590 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
2591 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
2592 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2593 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
2594 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2595 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
2596 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
2598 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2599 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
2600 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2601 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
2602 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
2604 } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
2605 return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
2606 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2607 $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
2608 class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
2609 $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
2610 $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
2611 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
2612 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
2615 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
2622 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
2628 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
2634 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
2637 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
2638 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
2643 @threadsv_names = ("_", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9",
2644 "&", "`", "'", "+", "/", ".", ",", "\\", '"', ";",
2645 "^", "-", "%", "=", "|", "~", ":", "^A", "^E",
2652 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
2658 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
2659 return $self->padval($op->padix);
2660 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2668 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2669 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
2670 $self->gv_name($gv)));
2676 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2677 return $self->gv_name($gv);
2683 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2684 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
2685 $name = $self->{'curstash'}."::$name"
2686 if $name !~ /::/ && $self->lex_in_scope('@'.$name);
2688 return "\$" . $name . "[" .
2689 ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
2694 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2696 if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
2697 carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
2700 my $kid = $op->first;
2701 if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
2702 return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0));
2703 } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
2704 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
2705 if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
2706 # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
2707 # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
2708 # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
2709 # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
2710 # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
2711 # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
2712 # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
2713 # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
2714 # disambiguation braces.
2715 $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
2717 return $type . $str;
2719 return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2723 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
2724 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
2725 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
2731 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
2732 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
2734 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
2735 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
2739 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
2741 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2742 if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
2743 $op->first->targ eq OP_LIST)
2745 return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
2748 return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
2754 my($cx, @list) = @_;
2755 my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
2760 } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
2761 # collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
2762 my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
2764 return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
2765 unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
2767 return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
2773 my $kid = $op->first;
2774 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
2775 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
2776 return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
2778 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
2782 sub is_subscriptable {
2784 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
2786 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
2787 my $kid = $op->first;
2788 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
2790 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
2791 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
2793 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
2794 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
2795 return is_subscriptable($kid);
2803 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
2804 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
2805 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
2806 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
2808 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
2809 $array = $self->padany($array);
2810 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
2811 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2812 } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
2813 $array = $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($array));
2814 if ($array !~ /::/) {
2815 my $prefix = ($left eq '[' ? '@' : '%');
2816 $array = $self->{curstash}.'::'.$array
2817 if $self->lex_in_scope($prefix . $array);
2819 } elsif (is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
2820 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2822 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
2823 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
2824 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow .
2825 $left . $self->deparse($idx, 1) . $right;
2827 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2829 # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
2830 # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
2831 # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
2833 # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
2834 # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
2835 # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
2836 # have been added in the first place.
2838 # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
2839 # where the initial and final parens do not match
2840 # each other. But we can't, because the above would
2841 # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
2842 # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
2843 # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
2845 $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
2847 # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
2848 # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
2849 # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
2850 # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
2851 # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
2852 # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
2853 # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
2855 $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
2857 return "\$" . $array . $left . $idx . $right;
2860 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
2861 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
2866 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
2867 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
2868 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
2869 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
2870 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
2871 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
2872 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
2877 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
2879 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
2880 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
2882 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
2883 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
2887 $array = $array->first
2888 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
2889 if (is_scope($array)) {
2890 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2891 } elsif ($array->name eq $padname) {
2892 $array = $self->padany($array);
2894 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2896 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2897 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
2898 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
2899 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2900 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2902 $list = join(", ", @elems);
2904 $list = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2906 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
2909 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
2910 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
2915 my $idx = $op->first;
2916 my $list = $op->last;
2918 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
2919 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2920 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
2925 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2930 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
2936 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2937 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
2938 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
2939 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
2940 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
2941 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
2942 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
2943 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
2944 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
2945 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
2946 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
2947 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
2948 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
2949 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
2950 $meth = $kid->sibling;
2951 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2953 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2954 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2955 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2959 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2960 for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name ne "method_named";
2961 $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2962 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2966 $obj = $self->deparse($obj, 24);
2967 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
2968 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
2970 $meth = $meth->first;
2971 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
2972 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
2973 # method_named case above
2974 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
2976 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1);
2979 my $args = join(", ", @exprs);
2980 $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
2982 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
2988 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
2989 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
2992 return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
2993 my($proto, @args) = @_;
2997 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
2998 1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
3000 $proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)//;
3003 return "&" if @args;
3004 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
3006 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
3007 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
3013 if (want_scalar $arg) {
3014 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3018 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
3019 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
3020 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3024 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
3025 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
3026 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
3028 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
3029 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
3030 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3032 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
3037 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
3039 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
3040 !null($real = $arg->first) and
3041 ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
3043 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3044 && $real->first->sibling->name
3047 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3048 && $real->first->sibling->name
3050 #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
3051 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
3053 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
3055 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3062 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
3063 return "&" if @args; # too many args
3064 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
3070 return $self->method($op, $cx) unless null $op->first->sibling;
3074 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
3076 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
3080 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
3081 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3086 if (is_scope($kid)) {
3088 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3089 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
3090 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
3091 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
3092 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
3094 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
3095 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3096 } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
3098 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3101 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
3102 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
3105 # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
3106 # they haven't happened yet!
3110 no warnings 'uninitialized';
3111 $declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
3113 defined &{ %{$self->{'curstash'}."::"}->{$kid} }
3115 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
3116 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
3118 if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
3119 # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
3120 ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
3125 if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
3126 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
3127 if ($amper eq "&") {
3128 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3131 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3133 if ($prefix or $amper) {
3134 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3135 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
3137 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
3140 # glob() invocations can be translated into calls of
3141 # CORE::GLOBAL::glob with a second parameter, a number.
3143 if ($kid eq "CORE::GLOBAL::glob") {
3145 $args =~ s/\s*,[^,]+$//;
3148 # It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo without a prefix,
3149 # so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
3151 $kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
3153 my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
3155 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3156 } elsif ($dproto eq "") {
3158 } elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
3159 # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
3160 # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
3161 # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
3162 # take some major code restructuring to do right.
3163 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
3164 } elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
3165 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
3167 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3172 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
3174 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
3175 # but not character escapes
3178 $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
3186 # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
3197 # the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
3211 (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\)) # $4
3217 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3222 # This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
3223 # We have to leave comments unmangled.
3224 sub re_uninterp_extended {
3237 ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\) # $4 (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
3238 | \#[^\n]* # (skip over comments)
3245 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3251 my %unctrl = # portable to to EBCDIC
3253 "\c@" => '\c@', # unused
3280 "\c[" => '\c[', # unused
3281 "\c\\" => '\c\\', # unused
3282 "\c]" => '\c]', # unused
3283 "\c_" => '\c_', # unused
3286 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
3287 sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
3289 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3291 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
3297 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
3298 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3302 # For regexes with the /x modifier.
3303 # Leave whitespace unmangled.
3304 sub escape_extended_re {
3306 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3307 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
3308 ($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3309 $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
3313 # Don't do this for regexen
3316 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
3320 # Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
3321 # to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
3325 # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
3326 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
3330 sub balanced_delim {
3332 my @str = split //, $str;
3333 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt);
3334 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
3335 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
3336 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0;
3340 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
3349 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
3350 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
3356 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
3357 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
3359 (my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
3360 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
3362 for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
3363 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
3366 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
3367 return "$default$str$default";
3375 BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
3377 # Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
3378 # exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
3379 # some weird infinity or NaN.
3383 if ($f == int($f)) {
3384 while ($f % 2 == 0) {
3389 while ($f != int($f)) {
3394 my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
3395 return ($mantissa, $exponent);
3401 if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
3402 return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
3404 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
3405 # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
3406 return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
3407 } elsif (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
3410 # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
3411 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
3412 for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3413 return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
3417 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
3418 my $str = $sv->int_value;
3419 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
3421 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
3424 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
3429 return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
3431 } elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
3434 return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
3437 return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
3439 } elsif ($nv != $nv) {
3441 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
3443 return "sin(9**9**9)";
3444 } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
3446 return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
3449 my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
3450 return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
3453 # first, try the default stringification
3456 # failing that, try using more precision
3457 $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
3458 # if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
3460 # not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
3461 # and atof() Perl is using here.
3462 my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
3463 return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
3466 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
3468 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
3470 if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
3471 return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
3472 } elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
3473 my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
3475 for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
3476 push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
3478 return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
3479 } elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
3480 return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
3482 if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
3483 for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3484 if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
3485 my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
3486 return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
3491 return $self->maybe_parens("\\" . $self->const($ref, 20), $cx, 20);
3492 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
3494 if ($str =~ /[^ -~]/) { # ASCII for non-printing
3495 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
3497 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
3507 my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
3508 my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
3509 $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
3510 my $str = $dumper->Dump();
3511 if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
3512 return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
3522 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
3523 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
3530 if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
3533 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
3534 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
3536 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
3537 return $self->const($sv, $cx);
3543 my $type = $op->name;
3544 if ($type eq "const") {
3545 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3546 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
3547 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3548 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
3549 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
3551 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
3552 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3553 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3554 || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
3555 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3557 return $first . $last;
3558 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3559 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3560 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3561 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3562 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3563 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3564 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3565 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3566 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3567 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3568 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3569 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3571 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3579 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($op->first->sibling));
3585 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
3586 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
3587 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
3588 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
3591 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
3592 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
3594 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
3595 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
3597 my($from, $to) = @_;
3598 my($succeed, $delim);
3599 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
3600 return "/$from/$to/";
3601 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
3602 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
3605 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
3606 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
3609 return "$from/$to/";
3612 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
3613 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
3614 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
3616 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
3618 return "/$from/$to/";
3622 # Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
3625 if ($n == ord '\\') {
3627 } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
3629 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
3631 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
3633 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
3635 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
3637 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
3639 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
3641 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
3643 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
3645 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
3646 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
3648 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
3649 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
3655 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
3656 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
3659 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
3660 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
3662 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
3665 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
3671 sub tr_decode_byte {
3672 my($table, $flags) = @_;
3673 my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
3674 splice @table, 0x100, 1; # Number of subsequent elements
3675 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
3676 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
3677 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
3679 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
3680 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
3684 } else { # -2 ==> delete
3688 for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
3691 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
3692 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
3696 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
3697 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3700 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
3701 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
3702 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
3706 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
3707 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
3710 $from = collapse(@from);
3711 $to = collapse(@to);
3712 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
3713 return ($from, $to);
3718 if ($x == ord "-") {
3720 } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
3727 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
3729 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
3730 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
3731 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
3733 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
3734 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
3735 my $extra = $none + 1;
3736 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
3738 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
3739 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
3746 $result = hex $result;
3747 if ($result == $extra) {
3748 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
3750 push @from, [$min, $max];
3751 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
3754 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3755 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3756 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
3757 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
3759 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3762 unshift @from, ord '-';
3763 unshift @to, ord '-';
3767 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
3768 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3769 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
3771 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3773 push @delfrom, ord '-';
3777 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
3778 push @to, [$final, $final];
3780 push @from, @delfrom;
3781 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3784 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3785 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
3786 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
3789 for my $range (@newfrom) {
3790 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
3795 my($from, $to, $diff);
3796 for my $chunk (@from) {
3797 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3799 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3800 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3801 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3803 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3806 for my $chunk (@to) {
3807 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3809 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3810 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3811 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3813 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3816 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
3817 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
3818 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
3819 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
3820 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
3821 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
3828 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
3829 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $op->private);
3830 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
3831 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $op->private);
3834 $flags .= "c" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3835 $flags .= "d" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3836 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
3837 $flags .= "s" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3838 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
3841 # Like dq(), but different
3844 my ($op, $extended) = @_;
3846 my $type = $op->name;
3847 if ($type eq "const") {
3848 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3849 my $unbacked = re_unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string);
3850 return re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked))
3852 return re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
3853 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3854 my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first, $extended);
3855 my $last = $self->re_dq($op->last, $extended);
3857 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
3858 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3859 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3860 || ($last =~ /^[{\[\w_]/ &&
3861 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3863 return $first . $last;
3864 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3865 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3866 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3867 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3868 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3869 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
3870 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3871 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
3872 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3873 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3874 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3875 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3877 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3882 my ($self, $op) = @_;
3883 return 0 if null $op;
3884 my $type = $op->name;
3886 if ($type eq 'const') {
3889 elsif ($type =~ /^[ul]c(first)?$/ || $type eq 'quotemeta') {
3890 return $self->pure_string($op->first->sibling);
3892 elsif ($type eq 'join') {
3893 my $join_op = $op->first->sibling; # Skip pushmark
3894 return 0 unless $join_op->name eq 'null' && $join_op->targ eq OP_RV2SV;
3896 my $gvop = $join_op->first;
3897 return 0 unless $gvop->name eq 'gvsv';
3898 return 0 unless '"' eq $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($gvop));
3900 return 0 unless ${$join_op->sibling} eq ${$op->last};
3901 return 0 unless $op->last->name =~ /^(rv2|pad)av$/;
3903 elsif ($type eq 'concat') {
3904 return $self->pure_string($op->first)
3905 && $self->pure_string($op->last);
3907 elsif (is_scalar($op) || $type =~ /^[ah]elem$/) {
3910 elsif ($type eq "null" and not null $op->first and
3911 $op->first->name eq "null" and not null $op->first->first and
3912 $op->first->first->name eq "aelemfast") {
3924 my($op, $cx, $extended) = @_;
3925 my $kid = $op->first;
3926 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
3927 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
3928 return ($self->re_dq($kid, $extended), 1) if $self->pure_string($kid);
3929 return ($self->deparse($kid, $cx), 0);
3933 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
3934 return (($self->regcomp($op, $cx, 0))[0]);
3937 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
3940 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
3941 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
3942 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
3946 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
3947 my $kid = $op->first;
3948 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
3949 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3951 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
3952 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3955 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
3957 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
3959 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
3961 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($op->precomp)));
3963 } elsif ($kid->name ne 'regcomp') {
3964 carp("found ".$kid->name." where regcomp expected");
3966 ($re, $quote) = $self->regcomp($kid, 21, $extended);
3969 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
3970 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
3971 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
3972 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
3973 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
3974 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
3975 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
3976 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
3977 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
3981 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
3983 $re = $re . $flags if $quote;
3985 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ $re", $cx, 20);
3991 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
3992 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
3993 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
3998 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
4001 # For our kid (an OP_PUSHRE), pmreplroot is never actually the
4002 # root of a replacement; it's either empty, or abused to point to
4003 # the GV for an array we split into (an optimization to save
4004 # assignment overhead). Depending on whether we're using ithreads,
4005 # this OP* holds either a GV* or a PADOFFSET. Luckily, B.xs
4006 # figures out for us which it is.
4007 my $replroot = $kid->pmreplroot;
4009 if (ref($replroot) eq "B::GV") {
4011 } elsif (!ref($replroot) and $replroot > 0) {
4012 $gv = $self->padval($replroot);
4014 $ary = $self->stash_variable('@', $self->gv_name($gv)) if $gv;
4016 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
4017 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
4020 # handle special case of split(), and split(" ") that compiles to /\s+/
4022 if ($kid->flags & OPf_SPECIAL
4023 && $exprs[0] eq '/\\s+/'
4024 && $kid->pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE ) {
4028 $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
4030 return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
4036 # oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
4037 # hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
4038 # bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
4041 map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
4042 'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
4043 'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
4044 'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi');
4049 my $kid = $op->first;
4050 my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
4051 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4053 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
4054 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4057 if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
4058 $repl = $self->dq($kid);
4059 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4061 $repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
4062 while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
4063 $repl = $repl->first;
4066 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4067 $repl = $self->deparse($repl->first, 0);
4069 $repl = $self->dq($repl);
4072 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
4074 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
4076 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
4079 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
4082 ($re) = $self->regcomp($kid, 1, $extended);
4084 $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
4085 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
4086 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
4087 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4088 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
4089 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
4090 $flags .= "x" if $extended;
4091 $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
4093 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
4094 . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
4097 return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;
4106 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
4110 B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-d>][B<,-f>I<FILE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
4111 [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
4115 B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
4116 perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
4117 itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
4118 be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
4119 track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
4120 correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
4121 compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
4122 option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
4123 required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
4124 parsing your expressions the way you intended.
4126 While B::Deparse goes to some lengths to try to figure out what your
4127 original program was doing, some parts of the language can still trip
4128 it up; it still fails even on some parts of Perl's own test suite. If
4129 you encounter a failure other than the most common ones described in
4130 the BUGS section below, you can help contribute to B::Deparse's
4131 ongoing development by submitting a bug report with a small
4136 As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
4137 the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
4143 Output data values (when they appear as constants) using Data::Dumper.
4144 Without this option, B::Deparse will use some simple routines of its
4145 own for the same purpose. Currently, Data::Dumper is better for some
4146 kinds of data (such as complex structures with sharing and
4147 self-reference) while the built-in routines are better for others
4148 (such as odd floating-point values).
4152 Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, and all the subs
4153 defined in the same file. To include subs defined in other files, pass the
4154 B<-f> option with the filename. You can pass the B<-f> option several times, to
4155 include more than one secondary file. (Most of the time you don't want to
4156 use it at all.) You can also use this option to include subs which are
4157 defined in the scope of a B<#line> directive with two parameters.
4161 Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
4162 locations of the original code.
4166 Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
4167 parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
4168 structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
4169 whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
4170 LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
4172 if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
4173 print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
4174 $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
4176 C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
4179 print('Gimme an A!')
4181 (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
4182 (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
4184 which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
4185 perl optimized away a constant value).
4189 Disable prototype checking. With this option, all function calls are
4190 deparsed as if no prototype was defined for them. In other words,
4192 perl -MO=Deparse,-P -e 'sub foo (\@) { 1 } foo @x'
4201 making clear how the parameters are actually passed to C<foo>.
4205 Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
4206 concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
4209 print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
4213 print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
4214 . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
4216 Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
4217 constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
4218 translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
4219 C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
4220 of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
4222 =item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
4224 Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
4225 directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
4226 options are available:
4232 Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
4249 The default is not to cuddle.
4253 Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
4257 Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
4258 For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
4259 3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
4260 B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
4262 =item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
4264 Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
4265 because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
4266 is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
4267 The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
4268 Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
4269 a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
4270 conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
4271 'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
4272 B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
4273 or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
4274 If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
4275 you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
4276 true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
4277 file is compiled as a main program.
4283 Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
4284 their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
4285 meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
4286 special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
4288 If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, C<for> loops will be translated into equivalent
4289 while loops with continue blocks; for instance
4291 for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
4304 Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
4305 into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
4306 for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
4308 If I<LEVEL> is at least 5, C<use> declarations will be translated into
4309 C<BEGIN> blocks containing calls to C<require> and C<import>; for
4319 'strict'->import('refs')
4323 If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, C<if> statements will be translated into
4324 equivalent expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
4326 print 'hi' if $nice;
4338 $nice and print 'hi';
4339 $nice and do { print 'hi' };
4340 $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
4342 Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
4343 B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
4347 =head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
4352 $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
4353 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
4354 eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
4358 B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
4363 $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
4365 Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
4366 options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
4367 command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
4368 after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings. Some
4369 options, like B<-u>, don't make sense for a single subroutine, so
4372 =head2 ambient_pragmas
4374 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'all', '$[' => $[);
4376 The compilation of a subroutine can be affected by a few compiler
4377 directives, B<pragmas>. These are:
4391 Assigning to the special variable $[
4411 Ordinarily, if you use B::Deparse on a subroutine which has
4412 been compiled in the presence of one or more of these pragmas,
4413 the output will include statements to turn on the appropriate
4414 directives. So if you then compile the code returned by coderef2text,
4415 it will behave the same way as the subroutine which you deparsed.
4417 However, you may know that you intend to use the results in a
4418 particular context, where some pragmas are already in scope. In
4419 this case, you use the B<ambient_pragmas> method to describe the
4420 assumptions you wish to make.
4422 Not all of the options currently have any useful effect. See
4423 L</BUGS> for more details.
4425 The parameters it accepts are:
4431 Takes a string, possibly containing several values separated
4432 by whitespace. The special values "all" and "none" mean what you'd
4435 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'subs refs');
4439 Takes a number, the value of the array base $[.
4447 If the value is true, then the appropriate pragma is assumed to
4448 be in the ambient scope, otherwise not.
4452 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4453 values. The values "all" and "none" are special. It's also permissible
4454 to pass an array reference here.
4456 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(re => 'eval');
4461 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4462 values. The values "all" and "none" are special, again. It's also
4463 permissible to pass an array reference here.
4465 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(warnings => [qw[void io]]);
4467 If one of the values is the string "FATAL", then all the warnings
4468 in that list will be considered fatal, just as with the B<warnings>
4469 pragma itself. Should you need to specify that some warnings are
4470 fatal, and others are merely enabled, you can pass the B<warnings>
4473 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(
4475 warnings => [FATAL => qw/void io/],
4478 See L<perllexwarn> for more information about lexical warnings.
4484 These two parameters are used to specify the ambient pragmas in
4485 the format used by the special variables $^H and ${^WARNING_BITS}.
4487 They exist principally so that you can write code like:
4489 { my ($hint_bits, $warning_bits);
4490 BEGIN {($hint_bits, $warning_bits) = ($^H, ${^WARNING_BITS})}
4491 $deparser->ambient_pragmas (
4492 hint_bits => $hint_bits,
4493 warning_bits => $warning_bits,
4497 which specifies that the ambient pragmas are exactly those which
4498 are in scope at the point of calling.
4504 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
4505 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
4507 Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
4508 preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
4509 sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
4510 this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
4511 want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
4512 for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
4513 the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
4521 The only pragmas to be completely supported are: C<use warnings>,
4522 C<use strict 'refs'>, C<use bytes>, and C<use integer>. (C<$[>, which
4523 behaves like a pragma, is also supported.)
4525 Excepting those listed above, we're currently unable to guarantee that
4526 B::Deparse will produce a pragma at the correct point in the program.
4527 (Specifically, pragmas at the beginning of a block often appear right
4528 before the start of the block instead.)
4529 Since the effects of pragmas are often lexically scoped, this can mean
4530 that the pragma holds sway over a different portion of the program
4531 than in the input file.
4535 In fact, the above is a specific instance of a more general problem:
4536 we can't guarantee to produce BEGIN blocks or C<use> declarations in
4537 exactly the right place. So if you use a module which affects compilation
4538 (such as by over-riding keywords, overloading constants or whatever)
4539 then the output code might not work as intended.
4541 This is the most serious outstanding problem, and will require some help
4542 from the Perl core to fix.
4546 If a keyword is over-ridden, and your program explicitly calls
4547 the built-in version by using CORE::keyword, the output of B::Deparse
4548 will not reflect this. If you run the resulting code, it will call
4549 the over-ridden version rather than the built-in one. (Maybe there
4550 should be an option to B<always> print keyword calls as C<CORE::name>.)
4554 Some constants don't print correctly either with or without B<-d>.
4555 For instance, neither B::Deparse nor Data::Dumper know how to print
4556 dual-valued scalars correctly, as in:
4558 use constant E2BIG => ($!=7); $y = E2BIG; print $y, 0+$y;
4562 An input file that uses source filtering probably won't be deparsed into
4563 runnable code, because it will still include the B<use> declaration
4564 for the source filtering module, even though the code that is
4565 produced is already ordinary Perl which shouldn't be filtered again.
4569 There are probably many more bugs on non-ASCII platforms (EBCDIC).
4575 Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier version
4576 by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with contributions from
4577 Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Robin Houston, Dave Mitchell,
4578 Hugo van der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, Nick Ing-Simmons, and Rafael