2 # Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003 Stephen McCamant. All rights reserved.
3 # This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
4 # it under the same terms as Perl itself.
6 # This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
7 # but essentially none of his code remains.
11 use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
12 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
13 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD
14 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
15 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
16 OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
18 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
19 CVf_METHOD CVf_LOCKED CVf_LVALUE CVf_ASSERTION
20 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE PMf_SKIPWHITE
21 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED);
24 use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
27 # Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
28 # - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
29 # - fixed reference constants (\"str")
30 # - handle empty programs gracefully
31 # - handle infinte loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
32 # - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
33 # - various minor cleanups
34 # - moved globals into an object
35 # - added `-u', like B::C
36 # - package declarations using cop_stash
37 # - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
38 # Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
39 # - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
40 # - added documentation
41 # Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
42 # - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
43 # - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
44 # - various other minor fixes
45 # Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
46 # - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
48 # Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
49 # - added support for new qr// construct
50 # - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
51 # Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
52 # - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
53 # - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
54 # - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
55 # - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
56 # - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
57 # - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
58 # - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
59 # - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
60 # - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
61 # - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
62 # - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
63 # - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
64 # - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
65 # Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
66 # - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
67 # - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
68 # Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
69 # - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
70 # - handled scope in s///e replacement code
71 # - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
72 # - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
73 # - various minor cleanups
75 # - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
76 # Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
77 # - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
78 # - added methods for use from other programs
79 # (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
80 # - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
81 # - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
82 # - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
84 # - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
85 # - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
86 # Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
87 # - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
88 # - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
89 # - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
90 # Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
91 # - support for method attribues was added
92 # - some warnings fixed
93 # - separate recognition of constant subs
94 # - rewrote continue block handling, now recoginizing for loops
95 # - added more control of expanding control structures
96 # Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
98 # - support for pragmas and 'use'
99 # - support for the little-used $[ variable
100 # - support for __DATA__ sections
102 # - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
103 # - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
104 # - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
105 # output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
106 # - our() declarations
107 # - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
108 # - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
109 # Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
112 # - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
113 # Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
114 # - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
115 # - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
116 # - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
118 # - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
121 # (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
123 # - finish tr/// changes
124 # - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
125 # - left/right context
126 # - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
127 # - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
128 # - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
129 # - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
130 # - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
131 # - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
132 # - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
133 # - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
134 # - handle `my $x if 0'?
135 # - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
136 # - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
139 # Current test.deparse failures
140 # comp/assertions 38 - disabled assertions should be like "my($x) if 0"
141 # 'sub f : assertion {}; no assertions; my $x=1; {f(my $x=2); print "$x\n"}'
142 # comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
143 # run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
144 # perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
145 # op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
146 # 'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
147 # op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
148 # 'my $x : shared = 5'
149 # op/override 7 - parens on overriden require change v-string interpretation
150 # 'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
151 # c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
152 # op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
153 # 'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
154 # op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
156 # op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
157 # op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
158 # op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
160 # ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
161 # ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
162 # ext/DB_file/several
164 # ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
165 # ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
166 # ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
167 # ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
168 # ext/Socket/Socket 8
169 # ext/Storable/t/croak compile
170 # lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
171 # lib/bignum/ several
175 # lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
176 # lib/File/DosGlob compile
177 # lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
178 # lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
179 # lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
180 # lib/overload compile
181 # lib/Switch/ several
183 # lib/Test/Simple several
185 # lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
188 # Object fields (were globals):
191 # (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
192 # representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
193 # use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
194 # individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
195 # have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
199 # CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
202 # Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are names,
203 # each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
204 # in which a var of that name is valid.
207 # COP for statement being deparsed
210 # name of the current package for deparsed code
213 # array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
217 # as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
219 # subs_done, forms_done:
220 # keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
221 # deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
224 # keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
225 # That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments.
228 # Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
233 # cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
238 # A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
241 # deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
242 # for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
243 # a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
244 # they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc. (see
245 # chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
246 # along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
247 # associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
248 # parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
249 # it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
250 # assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
251 # the parens off the listop.
254 # 26 [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
255 # 25 left terms and list operators (leftward)
259 # 21 right ! ~ \ and unary + and -
264 # 16 nonassoc named unary operators
265 # 15 nonassoc < > <= >= lt gt le ge
266 # 14 nonassoc == != <=> eq ne cmp
273 # 7 right = += -= *= etc.
275 # 5 nonassoc list operators (rightward)
279 # 1 statement modifiers
280 # 0.5 statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
283 # Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
284 # \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
285 # \n - newline and indent
286 # \t - increase indent
287 # \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
288 # \f - flush left (no indent)
289 # \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
293 return class($op) eq "NULL";
298 my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
299 return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
301 if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
302 $seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
303 } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
304 $seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
308 push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
309 unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
310 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
316 my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
319 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
321 return "format $name =\n"
322 . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
324 $self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
325 if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
326 my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
327 if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
328 return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
333 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
334 my $line = $gv->LINE;
335 my $file = $gv->FILE;
336 $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
339 if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
340 my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
341 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
342 $p = "package $stash;\n";
343 $name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
344 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
346 $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E:://;
348 return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
352 # Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
354 my ($self, $cv) = @_;
355 my $root = $cv->ROOT;
356 local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
358 #B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
359 my $lineseq = $root->first;
360 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
362 my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
363 return if $req_op->name ne "require";
366 if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
367 # Actually it should always be a bareword
368 $module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
369 $module =~ s[/][::]g;
373 $module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
377 my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
378 return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
379 if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
380 # We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
381 my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
383 return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
384 $constop = $constop->sibling;
385 $version = $self->const_sv($constop);
386 if (class($version) eq "IV") {
387 $version = $version->int_value;
388 } elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
389 $version = $version->NV;
390 } elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
391 # Includes PVIV and PVNV
392 $version = $version->PV;
394 # version specified as a v-string
395 $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
397 $constop = $constop->sibling;
398 return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
399 return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
402 $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
403 return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
404 my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
405 if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
406 return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
407 return "use $module ();\n";
409 return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
411 # See if there are import arguments
414 my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
415 return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
417 # Pull out the arguments
418 for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
419 $svop = $svop->sibling) {
420 $args .= ", " if length($args);
421 $args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
425 my $method_named = $svop;
426 return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
427 my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
429 if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
433 # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
434 # so we ignore them here
435 if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
436 || $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings') {
440 if (defined $version && length $args) {
441 return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
442 } elsif (defined $version) {
443 return "$use $module $version;\n";
444 } elsif (length $args) {
445 return "$use $module ($args);\n";
447 return "$use $module;\n";
452 my ($self, $pack) = @_;
454 if (!defined $pack) {
459 $pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
463 my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
464 while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
465 next if $key eq 'main::'; # avoid infinite recursion
466 my $class = class($val);
467 if ($class eq "PV") {
468 # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
469 # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
470 # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
471 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
472 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
473 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
475 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
477 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
478 } elsif ($class eq "IV") {
479 # Just a name. As above.
480 my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
481 if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
482 && class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
484 next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
486 push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
487 } elsif ($class eq "GV") {
488 if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
489 next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
490 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
493 if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
494 next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
495 next if $$val != ${$cv->GV}; # Ignore imposters
498 if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
499 $self->stash_subs($pack . $key);
509 foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
510 my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
511 push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] . "$proto;\n";
513 delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
521 while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
523 $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
524 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
525 } elsif ($opt eq "i") {
526 $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
527 $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
528 } elsif ($opt eq "T") {
529 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
530 $opts = substr($opts, 1);
531 } elsif ($opt eq "v") {
532 $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
533 $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
540 my $self = bless {}, $class;
541 $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
542 $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
543 $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
544 $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
545 $self->{'expand'} = 0;
546 $self->{'files'} = {};
547 $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
548 $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
549 $self->{'parens'} = 0;
550 $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
551 $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
552 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
553 $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
555 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
556 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
557 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
560 while (my $arg = shift @_) {
562 $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
563 require Data::Dumper;
564 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
565 $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
566 } elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
567 $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
568 } elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
569 $self->{'parens'} = 1;
570 } elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
571 $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
572 } elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
573 $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
574 } elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
575 $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
576 } elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
577 $self->{'expand'} = $1;
584 # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
587 $WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
594 # Initialise the contextual information, either from
595 # defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
596 # or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
600 $self->{'arybase'} = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
601 $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
602 ? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
604 $self->{'hints'} = $self->{'ambient_hints'} & 0xFF;
606 # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
607 delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
613 my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
614 # First deparse command-line args
615 if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
616 print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
618 if ($^W) { # deparse -w
619 print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
621 if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
622 my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
623 my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
624 print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
626 my @BEGINs = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
627 my @CHECKs = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
628 my @INITs = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
629 my @ENDs = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
630 for my $block (@BEGINs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
631 $self->todo($block, 0);
634 local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
636 if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
637 my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
638 my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
639 print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
642 $self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
643 $self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
644 print $self->print_protos;
645 @{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
646 sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
647 print $self->indent($self->deparse_root(main_root)), "\n"
648 unless null main_root;
650 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
651 push @text, $self->next_todo;
653 print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
655 # Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
657 my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
658 ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
659 if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
660 print "package $laststash;\n"
661 unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
663 print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
671 croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
674 return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
677 sub ambient_pragmas {
679 my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits) = (0, 0);
685 if ($name eq 'strict') {
688 if ($val eq 'none') {
689 $hint_bits &= ~strict::bits(qw/refs subs vars/);
695 @names = qw/refs subs vars/;
701 @names = split' ', $val;
703 $hint_bits |= strict::bits(@names);
706 elsif ($name eq '$[') {
710 elsif ($name eq 'integer'
712 || $name eq 'utf8') {
715 $hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
718 $hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
722 elsif ($name eq 're') {
724 if ($val eq 'none') {
725 $hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
731 @names = qw/taint eval/;
737 @names = split' ',$val;
739 $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
742 elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
743 if ($val eq 'none') {
744 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
753 @names = split/\s+/, $val;
756 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
757 $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
760 elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
761 $warning_bits = $val;
764 elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
769 croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
773 croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
776 $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
777 $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
778 $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
781 # This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
786 Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
787 || class($op) eq "NULL";
788 my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
789 return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
795 my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
800 my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
801 if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
802 $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
803 if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
804 $leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
806 $leader = " " x $level;
808 $line = substr($line, 1);
810 if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
811 $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
813 $line = $leader . $line;
817 return join("\n", @lines);
824 Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
825 Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
826 local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
827 if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
828 $proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
830 if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE|CVf_ASSERTION)) {
832 $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
833 $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
834 $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
835 $proto .= "assertion " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_ASSERTION;
838 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
839 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
840 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
841 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
843 if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
844 my $lineseq = $cv->ROOT->first;
845 if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
847 for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
850 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @ops).";";
851 my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
852 if (defined $scope_en) {
853 my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
854 $body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
858 $body = $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0);
862 my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
864 # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
865 return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
866 } else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
870 return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
877 local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
878 local($self->{'curcvlex'});
879 local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
880 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
881 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
882 my $op = $form->ROOT;
884 return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
885 || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
886 $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
887 while (not null $op) {
888 $op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
890 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
891 push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
892 $kid = $kid->sibling;
893 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
894 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
896 push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
899 return join("", @text) . "\f.";
904 return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
905 || $op->name eq "lineseq"
906 || ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
907 && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
911 my $name = $_[0]->name;
912 return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
915 sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
917 return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
918 and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
919 and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
920 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
921 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
922 and not null $op->first->first->sibling
923 and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
927 # Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
928 # for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
931 # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
932 # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
933 # will be an sassign.) The sibling is a lineseq whose first child
934 # is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop.
935 my $lseq = $op->sibling;
936 if (!is_state $op and !null($lseq) and $lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
937 if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
938 && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
939 return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
947 return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
948 $op->name eq "padsv" or
949 $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
950 $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
951 && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
956 my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
957 if ($prec < $cx # unary ops nest just fine
958 or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
959 or $self->{'parens'})
962 # In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
963 $text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
970 # same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
971 sub maybe_parens_unop {
973 my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
974 if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
975 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
976 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
977 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
979 return "$name($kid)";
981 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
982 if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
983 $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
985 if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
987 return $name . substr($kid, 1);
988 } elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
989 # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
990 # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
991 return "$name(" . $kid . ")";
998 sub maybe_parens_func {
1000 my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
1001 if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
1002 return "$func($text)";
1004 return "$func $text";
1010 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1011 my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
1012 if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)
1013 and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1014 my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
1015 if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
1016 die "Unexpected our($text)\n" unless $text =~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/;
1017 $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
1019 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1020 return "$our_local $text";
1022 return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
1031 my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
1032 if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
1033 my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
1034 my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
1035 return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
1037 return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
1044 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1049 my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
1050 if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
1051 if (want_scalar($op)) {
1054 return $self->maybe_parens_func("my", $text, $cx, 16);
1061 # The following OPs don't have functions:
1063 # pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
1066 if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
1067 warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
1070 die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
1074 sub DESTROY {} # Do not AUTOLOAD
1076 # $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
1077 # we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
1078 # any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
1079 # append appropriate declarations.
1081 my($self, $root, @ops) = @_;
1084 my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
1085 my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
1087 if (defined $root) {
1088 $limit_seq = $out_seq;
1090 $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
1091 $limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
1092 or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
1094 $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
1095 if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
1096 && (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
1097 local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
1098 for (my $i = 0; $i < @ops; $i++) {
1100 if (is_state $ops[$i]) {
1101 $expr = $self->deparse($ops[$i], 0);
1108 if (!is_state $ops[$i] and (my $ls = $ops[$i+1]) and
1109 !null($ops[$i+1]) and $ops[$i+1]->name eq "lineseq")
1111 if ($ls->first && !null($ls->first) && is_state($ls->first)
1112 && (my $sib = $ls->first->sibling)) {
1113 if (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop") {
1114 push @exprs, $expr . $self->for_loop($ops[$i], 0);
1120 $expr .= $self->deparse($ops[$i], (@ops != 1)/2);
1121 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1124 my $body = join(";\n", grep {length} @exprs);
1126 if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
1127 $subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
1129 return join(";\n", grep {length} $body, $subs);
1133 my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
1137 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1138 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'} if $real_block;
1140 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
1141 if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
1142 my $top = $kid->first;
1143 my $name = $top->name;
1144 if ($name eq "and") {
1146 } elsif ($name eq "or") {
1148 } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
1149 return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
1151 my $cond = $top->first;
1152 my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
1153 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
1154 $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
1155 return "$body $name $cond";
1160 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1163 if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
1164 return "do {\n\t" . $self->lineseq($op, @kids) . "\n\b}";
1166 my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, @kids);
1167 return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
1171 sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
1172 sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
1173 sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
1175 # This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
1176 # main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
1177 # soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
1181 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
1182 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
1184 for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1187 for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
1189 if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
1190 $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i], 0);
1193 print $self->indent($expr);
1197 if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
1198 $expr .= $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0);
1199 $expr .= ";\n" unless $i == $#kids;
1200 print $self->indent($expr);
1204 $expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
1205 $expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
1207 print $self->indent($expr);
1208 print "\n" unless $i == $#kids;
1212 # The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
1213 # when you run B::Deparse on itself.
1215 BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
1216 "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
1221 Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
1222 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
1223 my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
1224 if (($stash eq 'main' && $globalnames{$name})
1225 or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name})
1226 or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_]/)
1230 $stash = $stash . "::";
1232 if ($name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
1233 $name = "{$name}"; # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
1235 return $stash . $name;
1238 # Return the name to use for a stash variable.
1239 # If a lexical with the same name is in scope, it may need to be
1241 sub stash_variable {
1242 my ($self, $prefix, $name) = @_;
1244 return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
1246 unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
1247 $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
1248 return "$prefix$name";
1251 my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
1252 return $prefix .$self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name if $self->lex_in_scope($v);
1253 return "$prefix$name";
1257 my ($self, $name) = @_;
1258 $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
1260 return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
1261 my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
1262 return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
1263 for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
1264 my ($st, $en) = @$a;
1265 return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
1270 sub populate_curcvlex {
1272 for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
1273 my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
1274 # an undef CV still in lexical chain
1275 next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
1276 my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
1277 my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
1279 for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
1280 next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
1281 next if $ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR; # Skip "our" vars
1282 if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
1283 # Probably that pesky lexical @_
1286 my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
1287 my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
1288 ($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
1290 : ($ns[$i]->NVX, $ns[$i]->IVX);
1292 push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
1297 sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
1298 sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
1300 # Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
1302 my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
1303 carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
1304 return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
1306 for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
1307 if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
1308 my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->NVX);
1309 my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->IVX;
1310 $scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
1311 $scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
1313 elsif (is_state($o)) {
1314 my $c = $o->cop_seq;
1315 $scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
1316 $scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
1318 elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1319 ($scope_st, $scope_en) =
1320 $self->find_scope($o, $scope_st, $scope_en)
1324 return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
1327 # Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
1329 my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
1330 my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
1331 # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
1332 # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
1333 if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
1334 and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
1337 $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
1338 return $self->seq_subs($seq);
1342 my ($self, $seq) = @_;
1344 #push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
1346 return "" if !defined $seq;
1347 while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
1348 and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
1349 push @text, $self->next_todo;
1354 # Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
1355 # also $[ assignments and pragmas.
1359 $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
1361 push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
1362 push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
1363 my $stash = $op->stashpv;
1364 if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
1365 push @text, "package $stash;\n";
1366 $self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
1369 if ($self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
1370 push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
1371 $self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
1374 my $warnings = $op->warnings;
1376 if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
1377 $warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
1379 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
1380 $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
1382 elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
1383 $warning_bits = undef;
1386 $warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
1389 if (defined ($warning_bits) and
1390 !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
1391 push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
1392 $self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
1395 if ($self->{'hints'} != $op->private) {
1396 push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $op->private);
1397 $self->{'hints'} = $op->private;
1400 # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
1401 # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
1402 # the original program.
1403 if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
1404 push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
1405 ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
1408 return join("", @text);
1411 sub declare_warnings {
1412 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1413 if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq warnings::bits("all")) {
1414 return "use warnings;\n";
1416 elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq "\0"x length($to)) {
1417 return "no warnings;\n";
1419 return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
1423 my ($from, $to) = @_;
1424 my $use = $to & ~$from;
1425 my $no = $from & ~$to;
1427 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
1428 $decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
1430 for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
1431 $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
1439 push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
1440 push @pragmas, "strict 'refs'" if $bits & 0x2;
1441 push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
1445 sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1446 sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
1448 sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
1452 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1458 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1466 sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
1467 sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
1468 sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
1469 sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
1470 sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
1471 sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
1472 sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
1473 sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
1474 sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
1475 sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
1476 sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
1477 sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
1478 sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
1479 sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
1480 sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
1481 sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
1482 sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
1483 sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
1484 sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
1485 sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
1486 sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
1488 sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
1490 # I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
1491 # symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
1495 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1496 my $kid = $op->first;
1497 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
1498 return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
1502 sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1503 sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1504 sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1505 sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1506 sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
1507 sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
1508 sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
1509 sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
1510 sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
1512 sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
1516 if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
1518 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
1520 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);
1523 sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
1529 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
1531 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);
1537 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1539 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1541 if (defined prototype("CORE::$name")
1542 && prototype("CORE::$name") =~ /^;?\*/
1543 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
1547 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1549 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1553 sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1554 sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1555 sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
1556 sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
1557 sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
1558 sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
1559 sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
1560 sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
1561 sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
1563 sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
1564 sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
1565 sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
1566 sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
1567 sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
1568 sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
1569 sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
1570 sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
1571 sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
1572 sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
1573 sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
1575 sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
1576 sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
1577 sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
1579 sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
1580 sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
1581 sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
1582 sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
1583 sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
1585 sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
1586 sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
1587 sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
1588 sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
1590 sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
1591 sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
1592 sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
1593 sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
1594 sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
1595 sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
1596 sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
1597 sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
1598 sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
1599 sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
1600 sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
1602 sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
1603 sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
1604 sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
1605 sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
1606 sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
1607 sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
1608 sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
1609 sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
1610 sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
1611 sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
1612 sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
1613 sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
1614 sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
1616 sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
1617 sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
1619 sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
1620 sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
1621 sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
1622 sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
1623 sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
1624 sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
1625 sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
1626 sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
1627 sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
1628 sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
1629 sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
1631 sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
1637 if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
1638 # Checking for the existence of a subroutine
1639 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1640 $self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1642 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1643 # Array element, not hash element
1644 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
1645 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
1647 return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1655 if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
1656 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1657 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1658 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1659 $self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
1662 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1663 $self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
1666 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
1667 # Deleting from an array, not a hash
1668 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1669 $self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
1672 return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
1673 $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
1681 if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
1682 and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
1684 my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
1687 return "require $name";
1689 $self->unop($op, $cx, "require");
1696 my $kid = $op->first;
1697 if (not null $kid->sibling) {
1698 # XXX Was a here-doc
1699 return $self->dquote($op);
1701 $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
1708 return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
1714 my $kid = $op->first;
1715 if ($kid->name eq "null") {
1717 if ($kid->name eq "anonlist" || $kid->name eq "anonhash") {
1718 my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
1719 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$kid->name}};
1721 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
1722 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
1723 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
1726 return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
1727 } elsif (!null($kid->sibling) and
1728 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
1730 $self->deparse_sub($self->padval($kid->sibling->targ));
1731 } elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
1732 my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
1733 if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
1734 and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
1736 # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
1738 return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
1739 } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
1740 my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
1741 # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
1742 $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
1743 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
1748 $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
1751 sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
1756 my $kid = $op->first;
1757 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
1758 return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
1759 return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
1765 return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
1768 # Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
1771 my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
1773 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
1775 # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
1776 $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
1777 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
1779 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
1783 sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
1784 sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
1785 sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
1786 sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
1787 sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
1791 my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1792 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
1793 return "$name " . $op->pv;
1794 } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
1796 } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1797 # Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
1798 # looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
1799 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1803 sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
1804 sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
1805 sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
1806 sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
1807 sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
1811 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
1812 if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
1813 # Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
1814 # l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
1815 return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
1816 } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
1817 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
1818 } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
1823 sub pp_lstat { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
1824 sub pp_stat { ftst(@_, "stat") }
1825 sub pp_ftrread { ftst(@_, "-R") }
1826 sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
1827 sub pp_ftrexec { ftst(@_, "-X") }
1828 sub pp_fteread { ftst(@_, "-r") }
1829 sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
1830 sub pp_fteexec { ftst(@_, "-x") }
1831 sub pp_ftis { ftst(@_, "-e") }
1832 sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
1833 sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
1834 sub pp_ftzero { ftst(@_, "-z") }
1835 sub pp_ftsize { ftst(@_, "-s") }
1836 sub pp_ftmtime { ftst(@_, "-M") }
1837 sub pp_ftatime { ftst(@_, "-A") }
1838 sub pp_ftctime { ftst(@_, "-C") }
1839 sub pp_ftsock { ftst(@_, "-S") }
1840 sub pp_ftchr { ftst(@_, "-c") }
1841 sub pp_ftblk { ftst(@_, "-b") }
1842 sub pp_ftfile { ftst(@_, "-f") }
1843 sub pp_ftdir { ftst(@_, "-d") }
1844 sub pp_ftpipe { ftst(@_, "-p") }
1845 sub pp_ftlink { ftst(@_, "-l") }
1846 sub pp_ftsuid { ftst(@_, "-u") }
1847 sub pp_ftsgid { ftst(@_, "-g") }
1848 sub pp_ftsvtx { ftst(@_, "-k") }
1849 sub pp_fttty { ftst(@_, "-t") }
1850 sub pp_fttext { ftst(@_, "-T") }
1851 sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
1853 sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
1854 sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
1855 sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
1861 my $name = $op->name;
1862 if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
1863 # avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
1866 if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
1867 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
1868 and null $op->first->sibling)
1870 # Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
1871 # with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
1872 # flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
1873 # (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
1874 # their associativity).
1875 return assoc_class($op->first);
1877 return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
1880 # Left associative operators, like `+', for which
1881 # $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
1884 %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
1885 'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
1886 'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
1888 'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
1889 'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
1891 'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
1893 'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
1895 'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
1899 sub deparse_binop_left {
1901 my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
1902 if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
1903 and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
1905 return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
1907 return $self->deparse($left, $prec);
1911 # Right associative operators, like `=', for which
1912 # $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
1915 %right = ('pow' => 22,
1916 'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
1917 'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
1918 'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
1919 'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
1921 'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
1922 'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
1924 'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
1926 'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
1932 sub deparse_binop_right {
1934 my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
1935 if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
1936 and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
1938 return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
1940 return $self->deparse($right, $prec);
1946 my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
1947 my $left = $op->first;
1948 my $right = $op->last;
1950 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
1954 if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
1955 ($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
1957 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
1958 $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
1959 && $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
1960 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
1961 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
1964 sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1965 sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1966 sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18, ASSIGN) }
1967 sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1968 sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1969 sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
1970 sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
1971 sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
1972 sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
1973 sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
1974 sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
1976 sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
1977 sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
1978 sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
1979 sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
1980 sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
1982 sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1983 sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1984 sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1985 sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1986 sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1987 sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1988 sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1989 sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
1990 sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
1991 sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
1992 sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
1993 sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
1994 sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
1995 sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
1997 sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
1998 sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
1999 sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
2000 sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
2001 sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
2002 sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
2003 sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
2005 sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
2006 sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
2008 # `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
2009 # by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
2010 # programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
2011 sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
2015 my $left = $op->first;
2016 my $right = $op->last;
2019 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
2023 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2024 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2025 return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2028 # `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
2032 my $left = $op->first;
2033 my $right = $op->last;
2036 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2040 if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
2041 my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2043 for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2044 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2047 $left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
2049 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
2051 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
2052 return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
2057 my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2058 my $left = $op->first;
2059 my $right = $left->sibling;
2060 $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
2061 $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
2062 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
2068 my $flip = $op->first;
2069 my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
2070 return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
2073 # one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
2077 my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
2078 my $left = $op->first;
2079 my $right = $op->first->sibling;
2080 if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
2081 and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
2083 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2084 $right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
2085 return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
2086 } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
2087 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
2088 $right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
2089 $left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
2090 return "$right $blockname $left";
2091 } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
2092 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
2093 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
2094 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
2095 } else { # $a and $b
2096 $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
2097 $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
2098 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
2102 sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
2103 sub pp_or { logop(@_, "or", 2, "||", 10, "unless") }
2104 sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "err", 2, "//", 10, "") }
2106 # xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
2107 # old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
2108 sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "", 0, "") }
2112 my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
2113 my $left = $op->first;
2114 my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
2115 $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
2116 $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
2117 return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
2120 sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
2121 sub pp_orassign { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
2122 sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
2126 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2128 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2129 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2130 return $name if null $kid;
2132 $name = "socketpair" if $name eq "sockpair";
2133 my $proto = prototype("CORE::$name");
2135 && $proto =~ /^;?\*/
2136 && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2137 $first = $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2140 $first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2142 if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
2143 $first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
2145 $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
2146 push @exprs, $first;
2147 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2148 if (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^\*\*/ && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
2149 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
2150 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2152 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2153 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2156 return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2158 return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
2162 sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
2163 sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
2164 sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
2165 sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
2166 sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
2167 sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
2168 sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
2169 sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
2170 sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
2171 sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
2172 sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
2173 sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
2174 sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
2175 sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
2176 sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
2177 sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
2178 sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
2179 sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
2180 # Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
2181 # module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
2182 sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
2183 sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
2184 sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
2185 sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
2186 sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
2187 sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
2188 sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
2189 sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
2190 sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
2191 sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
2192 sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
2193 sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
2194 sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
2195 sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
2196 sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
2197 sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
2198 sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
2199 sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
2200 sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
2201 sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
2202 sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
2203 sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
2204 sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
2205 sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
2206 sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
2207 sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
2208 sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
2209 sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
2210 sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
2211 sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
2212 sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
2213 sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
2214 sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
2215 sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
2216 sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
2217 sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
2218 sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
2219 sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
2220 sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
2221 sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
2222 sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
2223 sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
2224 sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
2225 sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
2226 sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
2227 sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
2228 sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
2229 sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
2230 sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
2231 sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
2232 sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
2233 sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
2234 sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
2235 sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
2236 sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
2237 sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
2238 sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
2239 sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
2240 sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
2241 sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
2242 sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
2243 sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
2248 my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling); # skip pushmark
2249 if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
2250 or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
2251 return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
2253 return '<' . $text . '>';
2257 # Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
2258 # be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
2259 # by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
2265 my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
2266 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2268 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
2269 # $kid is an OP_CONST
2270 $fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
2272 $fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2273 $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
2275 my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
2277 return "truncate($fh, $len)";
2279 return "truncate $fh, $len";
2285 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2287 my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
2289 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2291 $indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
2292 if (is_scope($indir)) {
2293 $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
2294 $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
2295 } elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
2296 $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
2298 $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
2300 $indir = $indir . " ";
2301 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2303 if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
2304 $indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
2307 elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
2308 $indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
2310 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2311 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2314 my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
2315 if ($indir ne "" and $name eq "sort") {
2316 # We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
2317 # give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
2318 # requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
2319 # 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
2320 # neccessary more often that they really are, because we don't
2321 # distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
2323 return "($name $args)";
2325 return "$name $args";
2328 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $args, $cx, 5);
2333 sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
2334 sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
2335 sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
2339 my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
2341 my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
2342 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
2343 my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
2344 if (is_scope $code) {
2345 $code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
2347 $code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
2349 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2350 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2351 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2352 push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
2354 return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
2357 sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
2358 sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
2364 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2366 my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...) or our(...)
2367 for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
2368 # This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
2369 # OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
2370 # like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
2372 # OP_ENTERSUB can break this logic, so check for it.
2373 # I suspect that open and exit can too.
2375 if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
2376 or $lop->name eq "undef")
2377 or $lop->name eq "entersub"
2378 or $lop->name eq "exit"
2379 or $lop->name eq "open")
2381 $local = ""; # or not
2384 if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) { # my()
2385 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "local" || $local eq "our";
2387 } elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
2388 && $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
2389 or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
2390 && $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
2391 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my" || $local eq "local";
2393 } elsif ($lop->name ne "undef") { # local()
2394 ($local = "", last) if $local eq "my" || $local eq "our";
2398 $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
2399 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
2400 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2402 if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
2407 $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
2408 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2409 delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
2411 $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2416 return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
2418 return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);
2422 sub is_ifelse_cont {
2424 return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
2425 and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
2426 and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
2432 my $cond = $op->first;
2433 my $true = $cond->sibling;
2434 my $false = $true->sibling;
2435 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2436 unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
2437 (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
2438 and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
2439 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
2440 $true = $self->deparse($true, 8);
2441 $false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
2442 return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
2445 $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
2446 $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
2447 my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
2449 while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
2450 my $newop = $false->first;
2451 my $newcond = $newop->first;
2452 my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
2453 $false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
2454 $newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
2455 $newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
2456 push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
2458 if (!null($false)) {
2459 $false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
2460 $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2464 return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
2469 my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
2470 my $enter = $op->first;
2471 my $kid = $enter->sibling;
2472 local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'})
2473 = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints'};
2478 if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
2479 if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
2480 $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
2486 } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
2487 my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
2488 my $var = $ary->sibling;
2489 if ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
2490 and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
2492 $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
2493 $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
2495 $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
2498 if ($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # thread special var
2499 $var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
2500 } else { # regular my() variable
2501 $var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
2503 } elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
2504 $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
2505 if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
2506 # our declarations don't have package names
2507 $var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
2510 } elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
2511 $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
2513 $head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
2514 $body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
2515 } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
2517 my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
2518 $cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
2519 $head = "$name ($cond) ";
2520 $body = $kid->first->sibling;
2521 } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
2522 return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
2524 # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
2525 # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
2526 # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
2527 # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
2528 # block (or the last in a bare loop).
2529 my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
2531 if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
2533 $cont = $body->last;
2535 $cont = $body->first;
2536 while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
2537 $cont = $cont->sibling;
2540 my $state = $body->first;
2541 my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
2543 for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
2544 push @states, $state;
2546 $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @states);
2547 if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
2548 $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
2551 $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
2552 $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
2555 return "" if !defined $body;
2557 $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
2560 $body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
2562 $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
2564 return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
2567 sub pp_leaveloop { loop_common(@_, "") }
2572 my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
2573 return $self->loop_common($op->sibling->first->sibling, $cx, $init);
2578 return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
2581 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
2582 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
2583 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_RV2SV () {" . opnumber("rv2sv") . "}" }
2584 BEGIN { eval "sub OP_LIST () {" . opnumber("list") . "}" }
2589 if (class($op) eq "OP") {
2591 return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
2592 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
2593 return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
2594 } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
2595 return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
2596 } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
2597 return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
2598 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2599 $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
2600 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2601 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
2602 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
2604 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2605 $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
2606 $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
2607 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
2608 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
2610 } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
2611 return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
2612 } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
2613 $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
2614 class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
2615 $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
2616 $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
2617 return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
2618 . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
2621 return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
2628 return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
2634 return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
2640 return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
2643 sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
2644 sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
2649 @threadsv_names = ("_", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9",
2650 "&", "`", "'", "+", "/", ".", ",", "\\", '"', ";",
2651 "^", "-", "%", "=", "|", "~", ":", "^A", "^E",
2658 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" . $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
2664 if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
2665 return $self->padval($op->padix);
2666 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
2674 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2675 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
2676 $self->gv_name($gv)));
2682 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2683 return $self->gv_name($gv);
2689 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
2690 my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
2691 $name = $self->{'curstash'}."::$name"
2692 if $name !~ /::/ && $self->lex_in_scope('@'.$name);
2694 return "\$" . $name . "[" .
2695 ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
2700 my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
2702 if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
2703 carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
2706 my $kid = $op->first;
2707 if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
2708 return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0));
2709 } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
2710 my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
2711 if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
2712 # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
2713 # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
2714 # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
2715 # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
2716 # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
2717 # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
2718 # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
2719 # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
2720 # disambiguation braces.
2721 $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
2723 return $type . $str;
2725 return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
2729 sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
2730 sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
2731 sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
2737 if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
2738 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
2740 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
2741 $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
2745 # skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
2747 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
2748 if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
2749 $op->first->targ eq OP_LIST)
2751 return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
2754 return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
2760 my($cx, @list) = @_;
2761 my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
2766 } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
2767 # collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
2768 my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
2770 return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
2771 unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
2773 return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
2779 my $kid = $op->first;
2780 if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
2781 my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
2782 return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
2784 return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
2788 sub is_subscriptable {
2790 if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
2792 } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
2793 my $kid = $op->first;
2794 return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
2796 $kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
2797 return 0 if is_scope($kid);
2799 return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
2800 return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
2801 return is_subscriptable($kid);
2809 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
2810 my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
2811 unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed
2812 $array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
2814 if ($array->name eq $padname) {
2815 $array = $self->padany($array);
2816 } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
2817 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2818 } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
2819 $array = $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($array));
2820 if ($array !~ /::/) {
2821 my $prefix = ($left eq '[' ? '@' : '%');
2822 $array = $self->{curstash}.'::'.$array
2823 if $self->lex_in_scope($prefix . $array);
2825 } elsif (is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
2826 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2828 # $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
2829 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
2830 return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow .
2831 $left . $self->deparse($idx, 1) . $right;
2833 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2835 # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
2836 # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
2837 # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
2839 # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
2840 # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
2841 # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
2842 # have been added in the first place.
2844 # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
2845 # where the initial and final parens do not match
2846 # each other. But we can't, because the above would
2847 # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
2848 # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
2849 # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
2851 $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
2853 # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
2854 # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
2855 # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
2856 # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
2857 # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
2858 # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
2859 # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
2861 $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
2863 return "\$" . $array . $left . $idx . $right;
2866 sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
2867 sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
2872 my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
2873 $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
2874 $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
2875 my $scope = is_scope($glob);
2876 $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
2877 $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
2878 return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
2883 my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
2885 my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
2886 if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
2888 } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
2889 for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
2893 $array = $array->first
2894 if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
2895 if (is_scope($array)) {
2896 $array = "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
2897 } elsif ($array->name eq $padname) {
2898 $array = $self->padany($array);
2900 $array = $self->deparse($array, 24);
2902 $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2903 if ($kid->name eq "list") {
2904 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
2905 for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2906 push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2908 $list = join(", ", @elems);
2910 $list = $self->deparse($kid, 1);
2912 return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
2915 sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
2916 sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
2921 my $idx = $op->first;
2922 my $list = $op->last;
2924 $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
2925 $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
2926 return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
2931 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
2936 return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
2942 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2943 my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
2944 if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
2945 # When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
2946 # parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
2947 # doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
2948 # doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
2949 # making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
2950 # usually is. This can be distinguished from
2951 # `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
2952 # object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
2953 # as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
2954 # the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
2955 # (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
2956 $meth = $kid->sibling;
2957 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
2959 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2960 for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2961 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2965 $kid = $kid->sibling;
2966 for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name ne "method_named";
2967 $kid = $kid->sibling) {
2968 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
2972 $obj = $self->deparse($obj, 24);
2973 if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
2974 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
2976 $meth = $meth->first;
2977 if ($meth->name eq "const") {
2978 # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
2979 # method_named case above
2980 $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
2982 $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1);
2985 my $args = join(", ", @exprs);
2986 $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
2988 return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
2994 # returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
2995 # or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
2998 return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
2999 my($proto, @args) = @_;
3003 # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
3004 1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
3006 $proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)//;
3009 return "&" if @args;
3010 } elsif ($chr eq ";") {
3012 } elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
3013 push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
3019 if (want_scalar $arg) {
3020 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3024 } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
3025 if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
3026 push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
3030 } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
3031 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
3032 and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
3034 $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
3035 if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
3036 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3038 push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
3043 } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
3045 if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
3046 !null($real = $arg->first) and
3047 ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
3049 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3050 && $real->first->sibling->name
3053 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
3054 && $real->first->sibling->name
3056 #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
3057 # && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
3059 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
3061 push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
3068 return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
3069 return "&" if @args; # too many args
3070 return ("", join ", ", @reals);
3076 return $self->method($op, $cx) unless null $op->first->sibling;
3080 if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
3082 } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
3086 $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
3087 for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
3092 if (is_scope($kid)) {
3094 $kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
3095 } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
3096 my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
3097 if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
3098 $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
3100 $simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
3101 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3102 } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
3104 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
3107 my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
3108 $kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
3111 # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
3112 # they haven't happened yet!
3116 no warnings 'uninitialized';
3117 $declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
3119 defined &{ %{$self->{'curstash'}."::"}->{$kid} }
3121 $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
3122 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
3124 if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
3125 # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
3126 ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
3131 if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
3132 ($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
3133 if ($amper eq "&") {
3134 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3137 $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
3139 if ($prefix or $amper) {
3140 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3141 return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
3143 return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
3146 # glob() invocations can be translated into calls of
3147 # CORE::GLOBAL::glob with a second parameter, a number.
3149 if ($kid eq "CORE::GLOBAL::glob") {
3151 $args =~ s/\s*,[^,]+$//;
3154 # It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo without a prefix,
3155 # so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
3157 $kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
3159 my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
3161 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3162 } elsif ($dproto eq "") {
3164 } elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
3165 # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
3166 # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
3167 # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
3168 # take some major code restructuring to do right.
3169 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
3170 } elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
3171 return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
3173 return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
3178 sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
3180 # escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
3181 # but not character escapes
3184 $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
3192 # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
3203 # the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
3217 (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\)) # $4
3223 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3228 # This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
3229 # We have to leave comments unmangled.
3230 sub re_uninterp_extended {
3243 ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\) # $4 (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
3244 | \#[^\n]* # (skip over comments)
3251 /defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
3257 my %unctrl = # portable to to EBCDIC
3259 "\c@" => '\c@', # unused
3286 "\c[" => '\c[', # unused
3287 "\c\\" => '\c\\', # unused
3288 "\c]" => '\c]', # unused
3289 "\c_" => '\c_', # unused
3292 # character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
3293 sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
3295 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3297 # $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
3303 $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
3304 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3308 # For regexes with the /x modifier.
3309 # Leave whitespace unmangled.
3310 sub escape_extended_re {
3312 $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
3313 $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
3314 ($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
3315 $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
3319 # Don't do this for regexen
3322 $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
3326 # Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
3327 # to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
3331 # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
3332 $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
3336 sub balanced_delim {
3338 my @str = split //, $str;
3339 my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt);
3340 for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
3341 ($open, $close) = @$ar;
3342 $fail = 0; $cnt = 0;
3346 } elsif ($c eq $close) {
3355 $fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
3356 return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
3362 my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
3363 return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
3365 (my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
3366 return "$q$str" if $succeed;
3368 for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
3369 return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
3372 $str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
3373 return "$default$str$default";
3381 BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
3383 # Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
3384 # exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
3385 # some weird infinity or NaN.
3389 if ($f == int($f)) {
3390 while ($f % 2 == 0) {
3395 while ($f != int($f)) {
3400 my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
3401 return ($mantissa, $exponent);
3407 if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
3408 return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
3410 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
3411 # sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
3412 return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
3413 } elsif (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
3416 # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
3417 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
3418 for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3419 return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
3423 if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
3424 my $str = $sv->int_value;
3425 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
3427 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
3430 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
3435 return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
3437 } elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
3440 return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
3443 return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
3445 } elsif ($nv != $nv) {
3447 if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
3449 return "sin(9**9**9)";
3450 } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
3452 return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
3455 my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
3456 return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
3459 # first, try the default stringification
3462 # failing that, try using more precision
3463 $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
3464 # if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
3466 # not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
3467 # and atof() Perl is using here.
3468 my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
3469 return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
3472 $str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
3474 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
3476 if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
3477 return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
3478 } elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
3479 my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
3481 for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
3482 push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
3484 return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
3485 } elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
3486 return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
3488 if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
3489 for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
3490 if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
3491 my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
3492 return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
3497 return $self->maybe_parens("\\" . $self->const($ref, 20), $cx, 20);
3498 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
3500 if ($str =~ /[^ -~]/) { # ASCII for non-printing
3501 return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
3503 return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
3513 my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
3514 my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
3515 $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
3516 my $str = $dumper->Dump();
3517 if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
3518 return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
3528 # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
3529 $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
3536 if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
3539 # if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
3540 # return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
3542 my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
3543 return $self->const($sv, $cx);
3549 my $type = $op->name;
3550 if ($type eq "const") {
3551 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3552 return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
3553 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3554 my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
3555 my $last = $self->dq($op->last);
3557 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
3558 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3559 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3560 || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
3561 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3563 return $first . $last;
3564 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3565 return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3566 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3567 return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3568 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3569 return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3570 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3571 return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
3572 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3573 return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
3574 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3575 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3577 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3585 return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($op->first->sibling));
3591 my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
3592 return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
3593 $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
3594 sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
3597 # OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
3598 sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
3600 # tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
3601 # note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
3603 my($from, $to) = @_;
3604 my($succeed, $delim);
3605 if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
3606 return "/$from/$to/";
3607 } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
3608 if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
3611 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
3612 return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
3615 return "$from/$to/";
3618 for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
3619 return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
3620 if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
3622 $from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
3624 return "/$from/$to/";
3628 # Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
3631 if ($n == ord '\\') {
3633 } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
3635 } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
3637 } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
3639 } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
3641 } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
3643 } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
3645 } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
3647 } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
3649 } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
3651 } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
3652 return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
3654 # return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
3655 return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
3661 my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
3662 for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
3665 if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
3666 $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
3668 for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
3671 $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
3677 sub tr_decode_byte {
3678 my($table, $flags) = @_;
3679 my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
3680 splice @table, 0x100, 1; # Number of subsequent elements
3681 my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
3682 if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
3683 $table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
3685 $tr = $table[ord "-"];
3686 $table[ord "-"] = -1;
3690 } else { # -2 ==> delete
3694 for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
3697 push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
3698 } elsif ($tr == -2) {
3702 @from = (@from, @delfrom);
3703 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3706 @from{@from} = (1) x @from;
3707 for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
3708 push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
3712 unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
3713 pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
3716 $from = collapse(@from);
3717 $to = collapse(@to);
3718 $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
3719 return ($from, $to);
3724 if ($x == ord "-") {
3726 } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
3733 # XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
3735 sub tr_decode_utf8 {
3736 my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
3737 my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
3739 $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
3740 my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
3741 my $extra = $none + 1;
3742 my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
3744 foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
3745 my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
3752 $result = hex $result;
3753 if ($result == $extra) {
3754 push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
3756 push @from, [$min, $max];
3757 push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
3760 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3761 if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3762 unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
3763 unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
3765 } elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3768 unshift @from, ord '-';
3769 unshift @to, ord '-';
3773 for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
3774 if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
3775 push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
3777 } elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
3779 push @delfrom, ord '-';
3783 if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
3784 push @to, [$final, $final];
3786 push @from, @delfrom;
3787 if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
3790 for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
3791 push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
3792 $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
3795 for my $range (@newfrom) {
3796 if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
3801 my($from, $to, $diff);
3802 for my $chunk (@from) {
3803 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3805 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3806 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3807 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3809 $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3812 for my $chunk (@to) {
3813 $diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
3815 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3816 } elsif ($diff == 1) {
3817 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
3819 $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
3822 #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
3823 #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
3824 #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
3825 #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
3826 #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
3827 return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
3834 if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
3835 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $op->private);
3836 } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
3837 ($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $op->private);
3840 $flags .= "c" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
3841 $flags .= "d" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
3842 $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
3843 $flags .= "s" if $op->private & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
3844 return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
3847 # Like dq(), but different
3850 my ($op, $extended) = @_;
3852 my $type = $op->name;
3853 if ($type eq "const") {
3854 return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
3855 my $unbacked = re_unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string);
3856 return re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked))
3858 return re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
3859 } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
3860 my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first, $extended);
3861 my $last = $self->re_dq($op->last, $extended);
3863 # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
3864 ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
3865 $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/) # "${^}W" etc
3866 || ($last =~ /^[{\[\w_]/ &&
3867 $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
3869 return $first . $last;
3870 } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
3871 return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3872 } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
3873 return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3874 } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
3875 return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
3876 } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
3877 return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
3878 } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
3879 return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
3880 } elsif ($type eq "join") {
3881 return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
3883 return $self->deparse($op, 26);
3888 my ($self, $op) = @_;
3889 return 0 if null $op;
3890 my $type = $op->name;
3892 if ($type eq 'const') {
3895 elsif ($type =~ /^[ul]c(first)?$/ || $type eq 'quotemeta') {
3896 return $self->pure_string($op->first->sibling);
3898 elsif ($type eq 'join') {
3899 my $join_op = $op->first->sibling; # Skip pushmark
3900 return 0 unless $join_op->name eq 'null' && $join_op->targ eq OP_RV2SV;
3902 my $gvop = $join_op->first;
3903 return 0 unless $gvop->name eq 'gvsv';
3904 return 0 unless '"' eq $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($gvop));
3906 return 0 unless ${$join_op->sibling} eq ${$op->last};
3907 return 0 unless $op->last->name =~ /^(rv2|pad)av$/;
3909 elsif ($type eq 'concat') {
3910 return $self->pure_string($op->first)
3911 && $self->pure_string($op->last);
3913 elsif (is_scalar($op) || $type =~ /^[ah]elem$/) {
3916 elsif ($type eq "null" and $op->can('first') and not null $op->first and
3917 $op->first->name eq "null" and $op->first->can('first')
3918 and not null $op->first->first and
3919 $op->first->first->name eq "aelemfast") {
3931 my($op, $cx, $extended) = @_;
3932 my $kid = $op->first;
3933 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
3934 $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
3935 return ($self->re_dq($kid, $extended), 1) if $self->pure_string($kid);
3936 return ($self->deparse($kid, $cx), 0);
3940 my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
3941 return (($self->regcomp($op, $cx, 0))[0]);
3944 # osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
3947 map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
3948 'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
3949 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
3953 my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
3954 my $kid = $op->first;
3955 my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
3956 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
3958 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
3959 $kid = $kid->sibling;
3962 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
3964 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
3966 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
3968 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($op->precomp)));
3970 } elsif ($kid->name ne 'regcomp') {
3971 carp("found ".$kid->name." where regcomp expected");
3973 ($re, $quote) = $self->regcomp($kid, 21, $extended);
3976 $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
3977 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
3978 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
3979 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
3980 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
3981 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
3982 $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
3983 $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
3984 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
3988 $re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
3990 $re = $re . $flags if $quote;
3992 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ $re", $cx, 20);
3998 sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
3999 sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
4000 sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
4005 my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
4008 # For our kid (an OP_PUSHRE), pmreplroot is never actually the
4009 # root of a replacement; it's either empty, or abused to point to
4010 # the GV for an array we split into (an optimization to save
4011 # assignment overhead). Depending on whether we're using ithreads,
4012 # this OP* holds either a GV* or a PADOFFSET. Luckily, B.xs
4013 # figures out for us which it is.
4014 my $replroot = $kid->pmreplroot;
4016 if (ref($replroot) eq "B::GV") {
4018 } elsif (!ref($replroot) and $replroot > 0) {
4019 $gv = $self->padval($replroot);
4021 $ary = $self->stash_variable('@', $self->gv_name($gv)) if $gv;
4023 for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
4024 push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
4027 # handle special case of split(), and split(" ") that compiles to /\s+/
4029 if ($kid->flags & OPf_SPECIAL
4030 && $exprs[0] eq '/\\s+/'
4031 && $kid->pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE ) {
4035 $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
4037 return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
4043 # oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
4044 # hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
4045 # bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
4048 map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
4049 'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
4050 'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
4051 'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi');
4056 my $kid = $op->first;
4057 my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
4058 if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
4060 $var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
4061 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4064 if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
4065 $repl = $self->dq($kid);
4066 $kid = $kid->sibling;
4068 $repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
4069 while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
4070 $repl = $repl->first;
4073 if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
4074 $repl = $self->deparse($repl->first, 0);
4076 $repl = $self->dq($repl);
4079 my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
4081 my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
4083 $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
4086 $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
4089 ($re) = $self->regcomp($kid, 1, $extended);
4091 $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
4092 $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
4093 $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
4094 $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
4095 $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
4096 $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
4097 $flags .= "x" if $extended;
4098 $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
4100 return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
4101 . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
4104 return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;
4113 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
4117 B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-d>][B<,-f>I<FILE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
4118 [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
4122 B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
4123 perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
4124 itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
4125 be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
4126 track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
4127 correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
4128 compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
4129 option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
4130 required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
4131 parsing your expressions the way you intended.
4133 While B::Deparse goes to some lengths to try to figure out what your
4134 original program was doing, some parts of the language can still trip
4135 it up; it still fails even on some parts of Perl's own test suite. If
4136 you encounter a failure other than the most common ones described in
4137 the BUGS section below, you can help contribute to B::Deparse's
4138 ongoing development by submitting a bug report with a small
4143 As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
4144 the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
4150 Output data values (when they appear as constants) using Data::Dumper.
4151 Without this option, B::Deparse will use some simple routines of its
4152 own for the same purpose. Currently, Data::Dumper is better for some
4153 kinds of data (such as complex structures with sharing and
4154 self-reference) while the built-in routines are better for others
4155 (such as odd floating-point values).
4159 Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, and all the subs
4160 defined in the same file. To include subs defined in other files, pass the
4161 B<-f> option with the filename. You can pass the B<-f> option several times, to
4162 include more than one secondary file. (Most of the time you don't want to
4163 use it at all.) You can also use this option to include subs which are
4164 defined in the scope of a B<#line> directive with two parameters.
4168 Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
4169 locations of the original code.
4173 Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
4174 parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
4175 structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
4176 whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
4177 LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
4179 if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
4180 print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
4181 $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
4183 C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
4186 print('Gimme an A!')
4188 (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
4189 (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
4191 which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
4192 perl optimized away a constant value).
4196 Disable prototype checking. With this option, all function calls are
4197 deparsed as if no prototype was defined for them. In other words,
4199 perl -MO=Deparse,-P -e 'sub foo (\@) { 1 } foo @x'
4208 making clear how the parameters are actually passed to C<foo>.
4212 Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
4213 concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
4216 print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
4220 print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
4221 . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
4223 Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
4224 constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
4225 translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
4226 C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
4227 of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
4229 =item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
4231 Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
4232 directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
4233 options are available:
4239 Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
4256 The default is not to cuddle.
4260 Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
4264 Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
4265 For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
4266 3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
4267 B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
4269 =item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
4271 Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
4272 because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
4273 is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
4274 The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
4275 Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
4276 a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
4277 conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
4278 'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
4279 B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
4280 or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
4281 If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
4282 you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
4283 true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
4284 file is compiled as a main program.
4290 Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
4291 their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
4292 meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
4293 special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
4295 If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, C<for> loops will be translated into equivalent
4296 while loops with continue blocks; for instance
4298 for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
4311 Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
4312 into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
4313 for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
4315 If I<LEVEL> is at least 5, C<use> declarations will be translated into
4316 C<BEGIN> blocks containing calls to C<require> and C<import>; for
4326 'strict'->import('refs')
4330 If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, C<if> statements will be translated into
4331 equivalent expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
4333 print 'hi' if $nice;
4345 $nice and print 'hi';
4346 $nice and do { print 'hi' };
4347 $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
4349 Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
4350 B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
4354 =head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
4359 $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
4360 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
4361 eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
4365 B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
4370 $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
4372 Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
4373 options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
4374 command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
4375 after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings. Some
4376 options, like B<-u>, don't make sense for a single subroutine, so
4379 =head2 ambient_pragmas
4381 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'all', '$[' => $[);
4383 The compilation of a subroutine can be affected by a few compiler
4384 directives, B<pragmas>. These are:
4398 Assigning to the special variable $[
4418 Ordinarily, if you use B::Deparse on a subroutine which has
4419 been compiled in the presence of one or more of these pragmas,
4420 the output will include statements to turn on the appropriate
4421 directives. So if you then compile the code returned by coderef2text,
4422 it will behave the same way as the subroutine which you deparsed.
4424 However, you may know that you intend to use the results in a
4425 particular context, where some pragmas are already in scope. In
4426 this case, you use the B<ambient_pragmas> method to describe the
4427 assumptions you wish to make.
4429 Not all of the options currently have any useful effect. See
4430 L</BUGS> for more details.
4432 The parameters it accepts are:
4438 Takes a string, possibly containing several values separated
4439 by whitespace. The special values "all" and "none" mean what you'd
4442 $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'subs refs');
4446 Takes a number, the value of the array base $[.
4454 If the value is true, then the appropriate pragma is assumed to
4455 be in the ambient scope, otherwise not.
4459 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4460 values. The values "all" and "none" are special. It's also permissible
4461 to pass an array reference here.
4463 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(re => 'eval');
4468 Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
4469 values. The values "all" and "none" are special, again. It's also
4470 permissible to pass an array reference here.
4472 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(warnings => [qw[void io]]);
4474 If one of the values is the string "FATAL", then all the warnings
4475 in that list will be considered fatal, just as with the B<warnings>
4476 pragma itself. Should you need to specify that some warnings are
4477 fatal, and others are merely enabled, you can pass the B<warnings>
4480 $deparser->ambient_pragmas(
4482 warnings => [FATAL => qw/void io/],
4485 See L<perllexwarn> for more information about lexical warnings.
4491 These two parameters are used to specify the ambient pragmas in
4492 the format used by the special variables $^H and ${^WARNING_BITS}.
4494 They exist principally so that you can write code like:
4496 { my ($hint_bits, $warning_bits);
4497 BEGIN {($hint_bits, $warning_bits) = ($^H, ${^WARNING_BITS})}
4498 $deparser->ambient_pragmas (
4499 hint_bits => $hint_bits,
4500 warning_bits => $warning_bits,
4504 which specifies that the ambient pragmas are exactly those which
4505 are in scope at the point of calling.
4511 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
4512 $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
4514 Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
4515 preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
4516 sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
4517 this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
4518 want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
4519 for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
4520 the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
4528 The only pragmas to be completely supported are: C<use warnings>,
4529 C<use strict 'refs'>, C<use bytes>, and C<use integer>. (C<$[>, which
4530 behaves like a pragma, is also supported.)
4532 Excepting those listed above, we're currently unable to guarantee that
4533 B::Deparse will produce a pragma at the correct point in the program.
4534 (Specifically, pragmas at the beginning of a block often appear right
4535 before the start of the block instead.)
4536 Since the effects of pragmas are often lexically scoped, this can mean
4537 that the pragma holds sway over a different portion of the program
4538 than in the input file.
4542 In fact, the above is a specific instance of a more general problem:
4543 we can't guarantee to produce BEGIN blocks or C<use> declarations in
4544 exactly the right place. So if you use a module which affects compilation
4545 (such as by over-riding keywords, overloading constants or whatever)
4546 then the output code might not work as intended.
4548 This is the most serious outstanding problem, and will require some help
4549 from the Perl core to fix.
4553 If a keyword is over-ridden, and your program explicitly calls
4554 the built-in version by using CORE::keyword, the output of B::Deparse
4555 will not reflect this. If you run the resulting code, it will call
4556 the over-ridden version rather than the built-in one. (Maybe there
4557 should be an option to B<always> print keyword calls as C<CORE::name>.)
4561 Some constants don't print correctly either with or without B<-d>.
4562 For instance, neither B::Deparse nor Data::Dumper know how to print
4563 dual-valued scalars correctly, as in:
4565 use constant E2BIG => ($!=7); $y = E2BIG; print $y, 0+$y;
4569 An input file that uses source filtering probably won't be deparsed into
4570 runnable code, because it will still include the B<use> declaration
4571 for the source filtering module, even though the code that is
4572 produced is already ordinary Perl which shouldn't be filtered again.
4576 There are probably many more bugs on non-ASCII platforms (EBCDIC).
4582 Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier version
4583 by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with contributions from
4584 Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Robin Houston, Dave Mitchell,
4585 Hugo van der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, Nick Ing-Simmons, and Rafael