2 # Copyright (C) 2000, 2001 Stephen McCamant. All rights reserved.
3 # This program is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify it
4 # under the same terms as Perl itself.
8 use B qw(class ppname main_start main_root main_cv cstring svref_2object
9 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_POK OPf_KIDS);
13 ["(?(#label =>\n)?)(*( )*)#class (#addr) #name (?([#targ])?) "
14 . "#svclass~(?((#svaddr))?)~#svval~(?(label \"#coplabel\")?)\n",
15 "(*( )*)goto #class (#addr)\n",
18 ["#hyphseq2 (*( (x( ;)x))*)<#classsym> "
19 . "#exname#arg(?([#targarglife])?)~#flags(?(/#private)?)(x(;~->#next)x)\n",
20 " (*( )*) goto #seq\n",
21 "(?(<#seq>)?)#exname#arg(?([#targarglife])?)"],
23 ["(x(;(*( )*))x)#noise#arg(?([#targarg])?)(x( ;\n)x)",
25 "(?(#seq)?)#noise#arg(?([#targarg])?)"],
27 ["#class (#addr)\n\top_next\t\t#nextaddr\n\top_sibling\t#sibaddr\n\t"
28 . "op_ppaddr\tPL_ppaddr[OP_#NAME]\n\top_type\t\t#typenum\n\top_seq\t\t"
29 . "#seqnum\n\top_flags\t#flagval\n\top_private\t#privval\n"
30 . "(?(\top_first\t#firstaddr\n)?)(?(\top_last\t\t#lastaddr\n)?)"
31 . "(?(\top_sv\t\t#svaddr\n)?)",
34 "env" => [$ENV{B_CONCISE_FORMAT}, $ENV{B_CONCISE_GOTO_FORMAT},
35 $ENV{B_CONCISE_TREE_FORMAT}],
38 my($format, $gotofmt, $treefmt);
40 my($seq_base, $cop_seq_base);
43 my ($order, $cvref) = @_;
44 my $cv = svref_2object($cvref);
46 if ($order eq "exec") {
47 walk_exec($cv->START);
48 } elsif ($order eq "basic") {
49 walk_topdown($cv->ROOT, sub { $_[0]->concise($_[1]) }, 0);
51 print tree($cv->ROOT, 0)
55 my $start_sym = "\e(0"; # "\cN" sometimes also works
56 my $end_sym = "\e(B"; # "\cO" respectively
58 my @tree_decorations =
59 ([" ", "--", "+-", "|-", "| ", "`-", "-", 1],
60 [" ", "-", "+", "+", "|", "`", "", 0],
61 [" ", map("$start_sym$_$end_sym", "qq", "wq", "tq", "x ", "mq", "q"), 1],
62 [" ", map("$start_sym$_$end_sym", "q", "w", "t", "x", "m"), "", 0],
72 my @options = grep(/^-/, @_);
73 my @args = grep(!/^-/, @_);
75 ($format, $gotofmt, $treefmt) = @{$style{"concise"}};
76 for my $o (@options) {
79 } elsif ($o eq "-exec") {
81 } elsif ($o eq "-tree") {
83 } elsif ($o eq "-compact") {
85 } elsif ($o eq "-loose") {
87 } elsif ($o eq "-vt") {
89 } elsif ($o eq "-ascii") {
91 } elsif ($o eq "-main") {
93 } elsif ($o =~ /^-base(\d+)$/) {
95 } elsif ($o eq "-bigendian") {
97 } elsif ($o eq "-littleendian") {
99 } elsif (exists $style{substr($o, 1)}) {
100 ($format, $gotofmt, $treefmt) = @{$style{substr($o, 1)}};
102 warn "Option $o unrecognized";
107 for my $objname (@args) {
108 $objname = "main::" . $objname unless $objname =~ /::/;
109 eval "concise_cv(\$order, \\&$objname)";
110 die "concise_cv($order, \\&$objname) failed: $@" if $@;
114 if (!@args or $do_main) {
115 if ($order eq "exec") {
116 return sub { return if class(main_start) eq "NULL";
118 walk_exec(main_start) }
119 } elsif ($order eq "tree") {
120 return sub { return if class(main_root) eq "NULL";
122 print tree(main_root, 0) }
123 } elsif ($order eq "basic") {
124 return sub { return if class(main_root) eq "NULL";
126 walk_topdown(main_root,
127 sub { $_[0]->concise($_[1]) }, 0); }
135 my %opclass = ('OP' => "0", 'UNOP' => "1", 'BINOP' => "2", 'LOGOP' => "|",
136 'LISTOP' => "@", 'PMOP' => "/", 'SVOP' => "\$", 'GVOP' => "*",
137 'PVOP' => '"', 'LOOP' => "{", 'COP' => ";");
140 qw'# () sc ( @? 1 $* gv *{ m$ m@ m% m? p/ *$ $ $# & a& pt \\ s\\ rf bl
141 ` *? <> ?? ?/ r/ c/ // qr s/ /c y/ = @= C sC Cp sp df un BM po +1 +I
142 -1 -I 1+ I+ 1- I- ** * i* / i/ %$ i% x + i+ - i- . " << >> < i<
143 > i> <= i, >= i. == i= != i! <? i? s< s> s, s. s= s! s? b& b^ b| -0 -i
144 ! ~ a2 si cs rd sr e^ lg sq in %x %o ab le ss ve ix ri sf FL od ch cy
145 uf lf uc lc qm @ [f [ @[ eh vl ky dl ex % ${ @{ uk pk st jn ) )[ a@
146 a% sl +] -] [- [+ so rv GS GW MS MW .. f. .f && || ^^ ?: &= |= -> s{ s}
147 v} ca wa di rs ;; ; ;d }{ { } {} f{ it {l l} rt }l }n }r dm }g }e ^o
148 ^c ^| ^# um bm t~ u~ ~d DB db ^s se ^g ^r {w }w pf pr ^O ^K ^R ^W ^d ^v
149 ^e ^t ^k t. fc ic fl .s .p .b .c .l .a .h g1 s1 g2 s2 ?. l? -R -W -X -r
150 -w -x -e -o -O -z -s -M -A -C -S -c -b -f -d -p -l -u -g -k -t -T -B cd
151 co cr u. cm ut r. l@ s@ r@ mD uD oD rD tD sD wD cD f$ w$ p$ sh e$ k$ g3
152 g4 s4 g5 s5 T@ C@ L@ G@ A@ S@ Hg Hc Hr Hw Mg Mc Ms Mr Sg Sc So rq do {e
153 e} {t t} g6 G6 6e g7 G7 7e g8 G8 8e g9 G9 9e 6s 7s 8s 9s 6E 7E 8E 9E Pn
154 Pu GP SP EP Gn Gg GG SG EG g0 c$ lk t$ ;s n>';
156 my $chars = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
161 push @v, "v" if ($x & 3) == 1;
162 push @v, "s" if ($x & 3) == 2;
163 push @v, "l" if ($x & 3) == 3;
164 push @v, "K" if $x & 4;
165 push @v, "P" if $x & 8;
166 push @v, "R" if $x & 16;
167 push @v, "M" if $x & 32;
168 push @v, "S" if $x & 64;
169 push @v, "*" if $x & 128;
175 return "-" . base_n(-$x) if $x < 0;
177 do { $str .= substr($chars, $x % $base, 1) } while $x = int($x / $base);
178 $str = reverse $str if $big_endian;
182 sub seq { return $_[0]->seq ? base_n($_[0]->seq - $seq_base) : "-" }
185 my($op, $sub, $level) = @_;
187 if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
188 for (my $kid = $op->first; $$kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
189 walk_topdown($kid, $sub, $level + 1);
192 if (class($op) eq "PMOP" and $ {$op->pmreplroot}
193 and $op->pmreplroot->isa("B::OP")) {
194 walk_topdown($op->pmreplroot, $sub, $level + 1);
199 my($ar, $level) = @_;
201 if (ref($l) eq "ARRAY") {
202 walklines($l, $level + 1);
210 my($top, $level) = @_;
213 my @todo = ([$top, \@lines]);
214 while (@todo and my($op, $targ) = @{shift @todo}) {
215 for (; $$op; $op = $op->next) {
216 last if $opsseen{$$op}++;
218 my $name = $op->name;
220 =~ /^(or|and|(map|grep)while|entertry|range|cond_expr)$/) {
223 push @todo, [$op->other, $ar];
224 } elsif ($name eq "subst" and $ {$op->pmreplstart}) {
227 push @todo, [$op->pmreplstart, $ar];
228 } elsif ($name =~ /^enter(loop|iter)$/) {
229 $labels{$op->nextop->seq} = "NEXT";
230 $labels{$op->lastop->seq} = "LAST";
231 $labels{$op->redoop->seq} = "REDO";
235 walklines(\@lines, 0);
239 my($hr, $fmt, $level) = @_;
241 $text =~ s/\(\?\(([^\#]*?)\#(\w+)([^\#]*?)\)\?\)/
242 $hr->{$2} ? $1.$hr->{$2}.$3 : ""/eg;
243 $text =~ s/\(x\((.*?);(.*?)\)x\)/$order eq "exec" ? $1 : $2/egs;
244 $text =~ s/\(\*\(([^;]*?)\)\*\)/$1 x $level/egs;
245 $text =~ s/\(\*\((.*?);(.*?)\)\*\)/$1 x ($level - 1) . $2 x ($level>0)/egs;
246 $text =~ s/#([a-zA-Z]+)(\d+)/sprintf("%-$2s", $hr->{$1})/eg;
247 $text =~ s/#([a-zA-Z]+)/$hr->{$1}/eg;
248 $text =~ s/[ \t]*~+[ \t]*/ /g;
253 $priv{$_}{128} = "LVINTRO"
254 for ("pos", "substr", "vec", "threadsv", "gvsv", "rv2sv", "rv2hv", "rv2gv",
255 "rv2av", "rv2arylen", "aelem", "helem", "aslice", "hslice", "padsv",
257 $priv{$_}{64} = "REFC" for ("leave", "leavesub", "leavesublv", "leavewrite");
258 $priv{"aassign"}{64} = "COMMON";
259 $priv{"aassign"}{32} = "PHASH";
260 $priv{"sassign"}{64} = "BKWARD";
261 $priv{$_}{64} = "RTIME" for ("match", "subst", "substcont");
262 @{$priv{"trans"}}{1,2,4,8,16,64} = ("<UTF", ">UTF", "IDENT", "SQUASH", "DEL",
264 $priv{"repeat"}{64} = "DOLIST";
265 $priv{"leaveloop"}{64} = "CONT";
266 @{$priv{$_}}{32,64,96} = ("DREFAV", "DREFHV", "DREFSV")
267 for ("entersub", map("rv2${_}v", "a", "s", "h", "g"), "aelem", "helem");
268 $priv{"entersub"}{16} = "DBG";
269 $priv{"entersub"}{32} = "TARG";
270 @{$priv{$_}}{4,8,128} = ("INARGS","AMPER","NO()") for ("entersub", "rv2cv");
271 $priv{"gv"}{32} = "EARLYCV";
272 $priv{"aelem"}{16} = $priv{"helem"}{16} = "LVDEFER";
273 $priv{$_}{16} = "OURINTR" for ("gvsv", "rv2sv", "rv2av", "rv2hv", "r2gv");
274 $priv{$_}{16} = "TARGMY"
275 for (map(($_,"s$_"),"chop", "chomp"),
276 map(($_,"i_$_"), "postinc", "postdec", "multiply", "divide", "modulo",
277 "add", "subtract", "negate"), "pow", "concat", "stringify",
278 "left_shift", "right_shift", "bit_and", "bit_xor", "bit_or",
279 "complement", "atan2", "sin", "cos", "rand", "exp", "log", "sqrt",
280 "int", "hex", "oct", "abs", "length", "index", "rindex", "sprintf",
281 "ord", "chr", "crypt", "quotemeta", "join", "push", "unshift", "flock",
282 "chdir", "chown", "chroot", "unlink", "chmod", "utime", "rename",
283 "link", "symlink", "mkdir", "rmdir", "wait", "waitpid", "system",
284 "exec", "kill", "getppid", "getpgrp", "setpgrp", "getpriority",
285 "setpriority", "time", "sleep");
286 @{$priv{"const"}}{8,16,32,64,128} = ("STRICT","ENTERED", "$[", "BARE", "WARN");
287 $priv{"flip"}{64} = $priv{"flop"}{64} = "LINENUM";
288 $priv{"list"}{64} = "GUESSED";
289 $priv{"delete"}{64} = "SLICE";
290 $priv{"exists"}{64} = "SUB";
291 $priv{$_}{64} = "LOCALE"
292 for ("sort", "prtf", "sprintf", "slt", "sle", "seq", "sne", "sgt", "sge",
293 "scmp", "lc", "uc", "lcfirst", "ucfirst");
294 @{$priv{"sort"}}{1,2,4} = ("NUM", "INT", "REV");
295 $priv{"threadsv"}{64} = "SVREFd";
296 $priv{$_}{16} = "INBIN" for ("open", "backtick");
297 $priv{$_}{32} = "INCR" for ("open", "backtick");
298 $priv{$_}{64} = "OUTBIN" for ("open", "backtick");
299 $priv{$_}{128} = "OUTCR" for ("open", "backtick");
300 $priv{"exit"}{128} = "VMS";
305 for my $flag (128, 96, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1) {
306 if ($priv{$name}{$flag} and $x & $flag and $x >= $flag) {
308 push @s, $priv{$name}{$flag};
312 return join(",", @s);
316 my ($op, $level, $format) = @_;
318 $h{exname} = $h{name} = $op->name;
319 $h{NAME} = uc $h{name};
320 $h{class} = class($op);
321 $h{extarg} = $h{targ} = $op->targ;
322 $h{extarg} = "" unless $h{extarg};
323 if ($h{name} eq "null" and $h{targ}) {
324 $h{exname} = "ex-" . substr(ppname($h{targ}), 3);
327 my $padname = (($curcv->PADLIST->ARRAY)[0]->ARRAY)[$h{targ}];
328 if (defined $padname and class($padname) ne "SPECIAL") {
329 $h{targarg} = $padname->PVX;
330 my $intro = $padname->NVX - $cop_seq_base;
331 my $finish = int($padname->IVX) - $cop_seq_base;
332 $finish = "end" if $finish == 999999999 - $cop_seq_base;
333 $h{targarglife} = "$h{targarg}:$intro,$finish";
335 $h{targarglife} = $h{targarg} = "t" . $h{targ};
339 $h{svclass} = $h{svaddr} = $h{svval} = "";
340 if ($h{class} eq "PMOP") {
341 my $precomp = $op->precomp;
342 $precomp = defined($precomp) ? "/$precomp/" : "";
343 my $pmreplroot = $op->pmreplroot;
344 my ($pmreplroot, $pmreplstart);
345 if ($ {$pmreplroot = $op->pmreplroot} && $pmreplroot->isa("B::GV")) {
346 # with C<@stash_array = split(/pat/, str);>,
347 # *stash_array is stored in pmreplroot.
348 $h{arg} = "($precomp => \@" . $pmreplroot->NAME . ")";
349 } elsif ($ {$op->pmreplstart}) {
351 $pmreplstart = "replstart->" . seq($op->pmreplstart);
352 $h{arg} = "(" . join(" ", $precomp, $pmreplstart) . ")";
354 $h{arg} = "($precomp)";
356 } elsif ($h{class} eq "PVOP" and $h{name} ne "trans") {
357 $h{arg} = '("' . $op->pv . '")';
358 $h{svval} = '"' . $op->pv . '"';
359 } elsif ($h{class} eq "COP") {
360 my $label = $op->label;
361 $h{coplabel} = $label;
362 $label = $label ? "$label: " : "";
365 $loc .= ":" . $op->line;
366 my($stash, $cseq) = ($op->stash->NAME, $op->cop_seq - $cop_seq_base);
367 my $arybase = $op->arybase;
368 $arybase = $arybase ? ' $[=' . $arybase : "";
369 $h{arg} = "($label$stash $cseq $loc$arybase)";
370 } elsif ($h{class} eq "LOOP") {
371 $h{arg} = "(next->" . seq($op->nextop) . " last->" . seq($op->lastop)
372 . " redo->" . seq($op->redoop) . ")";
373 } elsif ($h{class} eq "LOGOP") {
375 $h{arg} = "(other->" . seq($op->other) . ")";
376 } elsif ($h{class} eq "SVOP") {
378 $h{svclass} = class($sv);
379 $h{svaddr} = sprintf("%#x", $$sv);
380 if ($h{svclass} eq "GV") {
382 my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
383 if ($stash eq "main") {
386 $stash = $stash . "::";
388 $h{arg} = "(*$stash" . $gv->SAFENAME . ")";
389 $h{svval} = "*$stash" . $gv->SAFENAME;
391 while (class($sv) eq "RV") {
395 if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
396 $h{svval} = ["Null", "sv_undef", "sv_yes", "sv_no"]->[$$sv];
397 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
399 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
401 } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
402 $h{svval} = cstring($sv->PV);
404 $h{arg} = "($h{svclass} $h{svval})";
407 $h{seq} = $h{hyphseq} = seq($op);
408 $h{seq} = "" if $h{seq} eq "-";
409 $h{seqnum} = $op->seq;
410 $h{next} = $op->next;
411 $h{next} = (class($h{next}) eq "NULL") ? "(end)" : seq($h{next});
412 $h{nextaddr} = sprintf("%#x", $ {$op->next});
413 $h{sibaddr} = sprintf("%#x", $ {$op->sibling});
414 $h{firstaddr} = sprintf("%#x", $ {$op->first}) if $op->can("first");
415 $h{lastaddr} = sprintf("%#x", $ {$op->last}) if $op->can("last");
417 $h{classsym} = $opclass{$h{class}};
418 $h{flagval} = $op->flags;
419 $h{flags} = op_flags($op->flags);
420 $h{privval} = $op->private;
421 $h{private} = private_flags($h{name}, $op->private);
422 $h{addr} = sprintf("%#x", $$op);
423 $h{label} = $labels{$op->seq};
424 $h{typenum} = $op->type;
425 $h{noise} = $linenoise[$op->type];
426 return fmt_line(\%h, $format, $level);
430 my($op, $level) = @_;
431 if ($order eq "exec" and $lastnext and $$lastnext != $$op) {
432 my $h = {"seq" => seq($lastnext), "class" => class($lastnext),
433 "addr" => sprintf("%#x", $$lastnext)};
434 print fmt_line($h, $gotofmt, $level+1);
436 $lastnext = $op->next;
437 print concise_op($op, $level, $format);
443 my $style = $tree_decorations[$tree_style];
444 my($space, $single, $kids, $kid, $nokid, $last, $lead, $size) = @$style;
445 my $name = concise_op($op, $level, $treefmt);
446 if (not $op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
450 for (my $kid = $op->first; $$kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
451 push @lines, tree($kid, $level+1);
454 for ($i = $#lines; substr($lines[$i], 0, 1) eq " "; $i--) {
455 $lines[$i] = $space . $lines[$i];
458 $lines[$i] = $last . $lines[$i];
460 if (substr($lines[$i], 0, 1) eq " ") {
461 $lines[$i] = $nokid . $lines[$i];
463 $lines[$i] = $kid . $lines[$i];
466 $lines[$i] = $kids . $lines[$i];
468 $lines[0] = $single . $lines[0];
470 return("$name$lead" . shift @lines,
471 map(" " x (length($name)+$size) . $_, @lines));
474 # This is a bit of a hack; the 2 and 15 were determined empirically.
475 # These need to stay the last things in the module.
476 $cop_seq_base = svref_2object(eval 'sub{0;}')->START->cop_seq + 2;
477 $seq_base = svref_2object(eval 'sub{}')->START->seq + 15;
485 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
489 perl -MO=Concise[,OPTIONS] foo.pl
493 This compiler backend prints the internal OPs of a Perl program's syntax
494 tree in one of several space-efficient text formats suitable for debugging
495 the inner workings of perl or other compiler backends. It can print OPs in
496 the order they appear in the OP tree, in the order they will execute, or
497 in a text approximation to their tree structure, and the format of the
498 information displyed is customizable. Its function is similar to that of
499 perl's B<-Dx> debugging flag or the B<B::Terse> module, but it is more
500 sophisticated and flexible.
504 Arguments that don't start with a hyphen are taken to be the names of
505 subroutines to print the OPs of; if no such functions are specified, the
506 main body of the program (outside any subroutines, and not including use'd
507 or require'd files) is printed.
513 Print OPs in the order they appear in the OP tree (a preorder
514 traversal, starting at the root). The indentation of each OP shows its
515 level in the tree. This mode is the default, so the flag is included
516 simply for completeness.
520 Print OPs in the order they would normally execute (for the majority
521 of constructs this is a postorder traversal of the tree, ending at the
522 root). In most cases the OP that usually follows a given OP will
523 appear directly below it; alternate paths are shown by indentation. In
524 cases like loops when control jumps out of a linear path, a 'goto'
529 Print OPs in a text approximation of a tree, with the root of the tree
530 at the left and 'left-to-right' order of children transformed into
531 'top-to-bottom'. Because this mode grows both to the right and down,
532 it isn't suitable for large programs (unless you have a very wide
537 Use a tree format in which the minimum amount of space is used for the
538 lines connecting nodes (one character in most cases). This squeezes out
539 a few precious columns of screen real estate.
543 Use a tree format that uses longer edges to separate OP nodes. This format
544 tends to look better than the compact one, especially in ASCII, and is
549 Use tree connecting characters drawn from the VT100 line-drawing set.
550 This looks better if your terminal supports it.
554 Draw the tree with standard ASCII characters like C<+> and C<|>. These don't
555 look as clean as the VT100 characters, but they'll work with almost any
556 terminal (or the horizontal scrolling mode of less(1)) and are suitable
557 for text documentation or email. This is the default.
561 Include the main program in the output, even if subroutines were also
566 Print OP sequence numbers in base I<n>. If I<n> is greater than 10, the
567 digit for 11 will be 'a', and so on. If I<n> is greater than 36, the digit
568 for 37 will be 'A', and so on until 62. Values greater than 62 are not
569 currently supported. The default is 36.
573 Print sequence numbers with the most significant digit first. This is the
574 usual convention for Arabic numerals, and the default.
576 =item B<-littleendian>
578 Print seqence numbers with the least significant digit first.
582 Use the author's favorite set of formatting conventions. This is the
587 Use formatting conventions that emulate the ouput of B<B::Terse>. The
588 basic mode is almost indistinguishable from the real B<B::Terse>, and the
589 exec mode looks very similar, but is in a more logical order and lacks
590 curly brackets. B<B::Terse> doesn't have a tree mode, so the tree mode
591 is only vaguely reminiscient of B<B::Terse>.
595 Use formatting conventions in which the name of each OP, rather than being
596 written out in full, is represented by a one- or two-character abbreviation.
597 This is mainly a joke.
601 Use formatting conventions reminiscient of B<B::Debug>; these aren't
606 Use formatting conventions read from the environment variables
607 C<B_CONCISE_FORMAT>, C<B_CONCISE_GOTO_FORMAT>, and C<B_CONCISE_TREE_FORMAT>.
611 =head1 FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
613 For each general style ('concise', 'terse', 'linenoise', etc.) there are
614 three specifications: one of how OPs should appear in the basic or exec
615 modes, one of how 'goto' lines should appear (these occur in the exec
616 mode only), and one of how nodes should appear in tree mode. Each has the
617 same format, described below. Any text that doesn't match a special
618 pattern is copied verbatim.
622 =item B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>
624 Generates I<exec_text> in exec mode, or I<basic_text> in basic mode.
626 =item B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>
628 Generates one copy of I<text> for each indentation level.
630 =item B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>
632 Generates one fewer copies of I<text1> than the indentation level, followed
633 by one copy of I<text2> if the indentation level is more than 0.
635 =item B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>
637 If the value of I<var> is true (not empty or zero), generates the
638 value of I<var> surrounded by I<text1> and I<Text2>, otherwise
643 Generates the value of the variable I<var>.
647 Generates the value of I<var>, left jutified to fill I<N> spaces.
651 Any number of tildes and surrounding whitespace will be collapsed to
656 The following variables are recognized:
662 The address of the OP, in hexidecimal.
666 The OP-specific information of the OP (such as the SV for an SVOP, the
667 non-local exit pointers for a LOOP, etc.) enclosed in paretheses.
671 The B-determined class of the OP, in all caps.
675 A single symbol abbreviating the class of the OP.
679 The label of the statement or block the OP is the start of, if any.
683 The name of the OP, or 'ex-foo' if the OP is a null that used to be a foo.
687 The target of the OP, or nothing for a nulled OP.
691 The address of the OP's first child, in hexidecimal.
695 The OP's flags, abbreviated as a series of symbols.
699 The numeric value of the OP's flags.
703 The sequence number of the OP, or a hyphen if it doesn't have one.
707 'NEXT', 'LAST', or 'REDO' if the OP is a target of one of those in exec
708 mode, or empty otherwise.
712 The address of the OP's last child, in hexidecimal.
720 The OP's name, in all caps.
724 The sequence number of the OP's next OP.
728 The address of the OP's next OP, in hexidecimal.
732 The two-character abbreviation for the OP's name.
736 The OP's private flags, rendered with abbreviated names if possible.
740 The numeric value of the OP's private flags.
744 The sequence number of the OP.
748 The real sequence number of the OP, as a regular number and not adjusted
749 to be relative to the start of the real program. (This will generally be
750 a fairly large number because all of B<B::Concise> is compiled before
755 The address of the OP's next youngest sibling, in hexidecimal.
759 The address of the OP's SV, if it has an SV, in hexidecimal.
763 The class of the OP's SV, if it has one, in all caps (e.g., 'IV').
767 The value of the OP's SV, if it has one, in a short human-readable format.
771 The numeric value of the OP's targ.
775 The name of the variable the OP's targ refers to, if any, otherwise the
776 letter t followed by the OP's targ in decimal.
778 =item B<#targarglife>
780 Same as B<#targarg>, but followed by the COP sequence numbers that delimit
781 the variable's lifetime (or 'end' for a variable in an open scope) for a
786 The numeric value of the OP's type, in decimal.
792 =head2 OP flags abbreviations
794 v OPf_WANT_VOID Want nothing (void context)
795 s OPf_WANT_SCALAR Want single value (scalar context)
796 l OPf_WANT_LIST Want list of any length (list context)
797 K OPf_KIDS There is a firstborn child.
798 P OPf_PARENS This operator was parenthesized.
799 (Or block needs explicit scope entry.)
800 R OPf_REF Certified reference.
801 (Return container, not containee).
802 M OPf_MOD Will modify (lvalue).
803 S OPf_STACKED Some arg is arriving on the stack.
804 * OPf_SPECIAL Do something weird for this op (see op.h)
806 =head2 OP class abbreviations
808 0 OP (aka BASEOP) An OP with no children
809 1 UNOP An OP with one child
810 2 BINOP An OP with two children
811 | LOGOP A control branch OP
812 @ LISTOP An OP that could have lots of children
813 / PMOP An OP with a regular expression
814 $ SVOP An OP with an SV
815 " PVOP An OP with a string
816 { LOOP An OP that holds pointers for a loop
817 ; COP An OP that marks the start of a statement
821 Stephen McCamant, C<smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>