3 * Copyright (c) 1991-2000, Larry Wall
5 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
6 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 * "Far below them they saw the white waters pour into a foaming bowl, and
12 * then swirl darkly about a deep oval basin in the rocks, until they found
13 * their way out again through a narrow gate, and flowed away, fuming and
14 * chattering, into calmer and more level reaches."
18 #define PERL_IN_DOIO_C
21 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
30 # ifndef HAS_SHMAT_PROTOTYPE
31 extern Shmat_t shmat (int, char *, int);
37 # if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
38 # include <sys/utime.h>
45 # define OPEN_EXCL O_EXCL
50 #if !defined(NSIG) || defined(M_UNIX) || defined(M_XENIX)
54 /* XXX If this causes problems, set i_unistd=undef in the hint file. */
59 #if defined(HAS_SOCKET) && !defined(VMS) /* VMS handles sockets via vmsish.h */
60 # include <sys/socket.h>
61 # if defined(USE_SOCKS) && defined(I_SOCKS)
69 # include <net/errno.h>
75 Perl_do_open(pTHX_ GV *gv, register char *name, I32 len, int as_raw,
76 int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp)
78 return do_open9(gv, name, len, as_raw, rawmode, rawperm,
79 supplied_fp, Nullsv, 0);
83 Perl_do_open9(pTHX_ GV *gv, register char *name, I32 len, int as_raw,
84 int rawmode, int rawperm, PerlIO *supplied_fp, SV *svs,
87 register IO *io = GvIOn(gv);
88 PerlIO *saveifp = Nullfp;
89 PerlIO *saveofp = Nullfp;
95 bool was_fdopen = FALSE;
96 bool in_raw = 0, in_crlf = 0, out_raw = 0, out_crlf = 0;
98 PL_forkprocess = 1; /* assume true if no fork */
100 if (PL_op && PL_op->op_type == OP_OPEN) {
101 /* set up disciplines */
102 U8 flags = PL_op->op_private;
103 in_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_RAW);
104 in_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_IN_CRLF);
105 out_raw = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_RAW);
106 out_crlf = (flags & OPpOPEN_OUT_CRLF);
110 fd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io));
111 if (IoTYPE(io) == '-')
113 else if (fd <= PL_maxsysfd) {
116 savetype = IoTYPE(io);
119 else if (IoTYPE(io) == '|')
120 result = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
121 else if (IoIFP(io) != IoOFP(io)) {
123 result = PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io));
124 PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)); /* clear stdio, fd already closed */
127 result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
130 result = PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io));
131 if (result == EOF && fd > PL_maxsysfd)
132 PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log,
133 "Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly.\n",
135 IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = Nullfp;
139 #if defined(USE_64_BIT_RAWIO) && defined(O_LARGEFILE)
140 rawmode |= O_LARGEFILE;
144 #define O_ACCMODE 3 /* Assume traditional implementation */
147 switch (result = rawmode & O_ACCMODE) {
160 writing = (result > 0);
161 fd = PerlLIO_open3(name, rawmode, rawperm);
168 if (result == O_RDONLY)
171 else if (rawmode & O_APPEND) {
173 if (result != O_WRONLY)
178 if (result == O_WRONLY)
185 if (rawmode & O_BINARY)
188 fp = PerlIO_fdopen(fd, fpmode);
198 char mode[4]; /* stdio file mode ("r\0", "rb\0", "r+b\0" etc.) */
201 type = savepvn(name, len);
206 name = SvPV(svs, l) ;
208 name = savepvn(name, len);
212 while (tlen && isSPACE(type[tlen-1]))
217 mode[0] = mode[1] = mode[2] = mode[3] = '\0';
219 if (*type == '+' && tlen > 1 && type[tlen-1] != '|') { /* scary */
226 if (num_svs && (tlen != 2 || type[1] != '-')) {
228 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown open() mode '%.*s'", (int)olen, oname);
231 for (type++, tlen--; isSPACE(*type); type++, tlen--) ;
236 if (*name == '\0') { /* command is missing 19990114 */
238 if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
239 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Missing command in piped open");
243 if (strNE(name,"-") || num_svs)
245 TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
246 if (name[len-1] == '|') {
249 if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
250 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Can't open bidirectional pipe");
260 fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
264 else if (*type == '>') {
265 TAINT_PROPER("open");
268 mode[0] = IoTYPE(io) = 'a';
281 if (num_svs && tlen != 1)
292 if (!*name && supplied_fp)
296 for (; isSPACE(*name); name++) ;
301 gv = gv_fetchpv(name,FALSE,SVt_PVIO);
305 SETERRNO(EINVAL,SS$_IVCHAN);
310 PerlIO *fp = IoIFP(thatio);
311 /* Flush stdio buffer before dup. --mjd
312 * Unfortunately SEEK_CURing 0 seems to
313 * be optimized away on most platforms;
314 * only Solaris and Linux seem to flush
316 PerlIO_seek(fp, 0, SEEK_CUR);
317 /* On the other hand, do all platforms
318 * take gracefully to flushing a read-only
319 * filehandle? Perhaps we should do
320 * fsetpos(src)+fgetpos(dst)? --nik */
322 fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
323 if (IoTYPE(thatio) == 's')
330 fd = PerlLIO_dup(fd);
333 if (!(fp = PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode))) {
341 for (; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
342 if (strEQ(type,"-")) {
343 fp = PerlIO_stdout();
347 fp = PerlIO_open((num_svs ? name : type), mode);
351 else if (*type == '<') {
352 if (num_svs && tlen != 1)
355 for (type++; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
366 if (strEQ(type,"-")) {
371 fp = PerlIO_open((num_svs ? name : type), mode);
373 else if (tlen > 1 && type[tlen-1] == '|') {
375 if (tlen != 2 || type[0] != '-')
380 while (tlen && isSPACE(type[tlen-1]))
383 for (; isSPACE(*type); type++) ;
386 if (*name == '\0') { /* command is missing 19990114 */
388 if (ckWARN(WARN_PIPE))
389 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_PIPE, "Missing command in piped open");
393 if (strNE(name,"-") || num_svs)
395 TAINT_PROPER("piped open");
404 fp = PerlProc_popen(name,mode);
414 for (; isSPACE(*name); name++) ;
415 if (strEQ(name,"-")) {
427 fp = PerlIO_open(name,mode);
433 if (ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && IoTYPE(io) == '<' && strchr(name, '\n'))
434 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "open");
438 IoTYPE(io) != '|' && IoTYPE(io) != '-') {
440 if (PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(fp),&PL_statbuf) < 0) {
441 (void)PerlIO_close(fp);
444 if (S_ISSOCK(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
445 IoTYPE(io) = 's'; /* in case a socket was passed in to us */
449 !(PL_statbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT)
455 Sock_size_t buflen = sizeof tmpbuf;
456 if (PerlSock_getsockname(PerlIO_fileno(fp), (struct sockaddr *)tmpbuf,
458 || errno != ENOTSOCK)
459 IoTYPE(io) = 's'; /* some OS's return 0 on fstat()ed socket */
460 /* but some return 0 for streams too, sigh */
464 if (saveifp) { /* must use old fp? */
465 fd = PerlIO_fileno(saveifp);
467 PerlIO_flush(saveofp); /* emulate PerlIO_close() */
468 if (saveofp != saveifp) { /* was a socket? */
469 PerlIO_close(saveofp);
474 if (fd != PerlIO_fileno(fp)) {
478 PerlLIO_dup2(PerlIO_fileno(fp), fd);
480 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,PerlIO_fileno(fp),TRUE);
481 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
484 sv = *av_fetch(PL_fdpid,fd,TRUE);
486 (void)SvUPGRADE(sv, SVt_IV);
495 #if defined(HAS_FCNTL) && defined(F_SETFD)
497 int save_errno = errno;
498 fd = PerlIO_fileno(fp);
499 fcntl(fd,F_SETFD,fd > PL_maxsysfd); /* can change errno */
504 IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_NOLINE;
507 bool is_reg = IoTYPE(io) == '>' && S_ISCHR(PL_statbuf.st_mode);
508 if (IoTYPE(io) == 's' || is_reg)
518 if (!(IoOFP(io) = PerlIO_fdopen(PerlIO_fileno(fp),mode))) {
525 IoIFP(io) = IoOFP(io); /* avoid double close() */
536 IoTYPE(io) = savetype;
541 Perl_nextargv(pTHX_ register GV *gv)
544 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
553 PL_argvoutgv = gv_fetchpv("ARGVOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO);
554 if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV) && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_START)) {
555 IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_START;
557 if (!PL_argvout_stack)
558 PL_argvout_stack = newAV();
559 av_push(PL_argvout_stack, SvREFCNT_inc(PL_defoutgv));
562 if (PL_filemode & (S_ISUID|S_ISGID)) {
563 PerlIO_flush(IoIFP(GvIOn(PL_argvoutgv))); /* chmod must follow last write */
565 (void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
567 (void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
571 while (av_len(GvAV(gv)) >= 0) {
574 sv = av_shift(GvAV(gv));
576 sv_setsv(GvSV(gv),sv);
577 SvSETMAGIC(GvSV(gv));
578 PL_oldname = SvPVx(GvSV(gv), oldlen);
579 if (do_open(gv,PL_oldname,oldlen,PL_inplace!=0,O_RDONLY,0,Nullfp)) {
581 TAINT_PROPER("inplace open");
582 if (oldlen == 1 && *PL_oldname == '-') {
583 setdefout(gv_fetchpv("STDOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO));
584 return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
586 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
587 filedev = PL_statbuf.st_dev;
588 fileino = PL_statbuf.st_ino;
590 PL_filemode = PL_statbuf.st_mode;
591 fileuid = PL_statbuf.st_uid;
592 filegid = PL_statbuf.st_gid;
593 if (!S_ISREG(PL_filemode)) {
594 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
595 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
596 "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
602 char *star = strchr(PL_inplace, '*');
604 char *begin = PL_inplace;
605 sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
607 sv_catpvn(sv, begin, star - begin);
608 sv_catpvn(sv, PL_oldname, oldlen);
610 } while ((star = strchr(begin, '*')));
615 sv_catpv(sv,PL_inplace);
617 #ifndef FLEXFILENAMES
618 if (PerlLIO_stat(SvPVX(sv),&PL_statbuf) >= 0
619 && PL_statbuf.st_dev == filedev
620 && PL_statbuf.st_ino == fileino
622 || (_djstat_fail_bits & _STFAIL_TRUENAME)!=0
626 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
627 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
628 "Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique",
635 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
636 if (PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv)) < 0) {
637 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
638 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
639 "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
640 PL_oldname, SvPVX(sv), Strerror(errno) );
646 (void)PerlLIO_unlink(SvPVX(sv));
647 (void)PerlLIO_rename(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv));
648 do_open(gv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,O_RDONLY,0,Nullfp);
651 (void)UNLINK(SvPVX(sv));
652 if (link(PL_oldname,SvPVX(sv)) < 0) {
653 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
654 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
655 "Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file",
656 PL_oldname, SvPVX(sv), Strerror(errno) );
660 (void)UNLINK(PL_oldname);
664 #if !defined(DOSISH) && !defined(AMIGAOS)
665 # ifndef VMS /* Don't delete; use automatic file versioning */
666 if (UNLINK(PL_oldname) < 0) {
667 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
668 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
669 "Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file",
670 PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
676 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Can't do inplace edit without backup");
680 sv_setpvn(sv,">",!PL_inplace);
681 sv_catpvn(sv,PL_oldname,oldlen);
682 SETERRNO(0,0); /* in case sprintf set errno */
684 if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,
685 O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0,Nullfp))
687 if (!do_open(PL_argvoutgv,SvPVX(sv),SvCUR(sv),PL_inplace!=0,
688 O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|OPEN_EXCL,0666,Nullfp))
691 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE))
692 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE, "Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s",
693 PL_oldname, Strerror(errno) );
697 setdefout(PL_argvoutgv);
698 PL_lastfd = PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(GvIOp(PL_argvoutgv)));
699 (void)PerlLIO_fstat(PL_lastfd,&PL_statbuf);
701 (void)fchmod(PL_lastfd,PL_filemode);
703 # if !(defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__))
704 /* Borland runtime creates a readonly file! */
705 (void)PerlLIO_chmod(PL_oldname,PL_filemode);
708 if (fileuid != PL_statbuf.st_uid || filegid != PL_statbuf.st_gid) {
710 (void)fchown(PL_lastfd,fileuid,filegid);
713 (void)PerlLIO_chown(PL_oldname,fileuid,filegid);
718 return IoIFP(GvIOp(gv));
722 if (ckWARN_d(WARN_INPLACE)) {
724 if (PerlLIO_stat(PL_oldname, &PL_statbuf) >= 0
725 && !S_ISREG(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
727 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE,
728 "Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file",
732 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_INPLACE, "Can't open %s: %s",
733 PL_oldname, Strerror(eno));
737 if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV))
738 IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_START;
740 (void)do_close(PL_argvoutgv,FALSE);
741 if (io && (IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_ARGV)
742 && PL_argvout_stack && AvFILLp(PL_argvout_stack) >= 0)
744 GV *oldout = (GV*)av_pop(PL_argvout_stack);
746 SvREFCNT_dec(oldout);
749 setdefout(gv_fetchpv("STDOUT",TRUE,SVt_PVIO));
756 Perl_do_pipe(pTHX_ SV *sv, GV *rgv, GV *wgv)
775 if (PerlProc_pipe(fd) < 0)
777 IoIFP(rstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[0], "r");
778 IoOFP(wstio) = PerlIO_fdopen(fd[1], "w");
779 IoIFP(wstio) = IoOFP(wstio);
782 if (!IoIFP(rstio) || !IoOFP(wstio)) {
783 if (IoIFP(rstio)) PerlIO_close(IoIFP(rstio));
784 else PerlLIO_close(fd[0]);
785 if (IoOFP(wstio)) PerlIO_close(IoOFP(wstio));
786 else PerlLIO_close(fd[1]);
790 sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_yes);
794 sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
799 /* explicit renamed to avoid C++ conflict -- kja */
801 Perl_do_close(pTHX_ GV *gv, bool not_implicit)
808 if (!gv || SvTYPE(gv) != SVt_PVGV) {
810 SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
814 if (!io) { /* never opened */
817 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED))
818 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED,
819 "Close on unopened file <%s>",GvENAME(gv));
820 SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
824 retval = io_close(io, not_implicit);
828 IoLINES_LEFT(io) = IoPAGE_LEN(io);
835 Perl_io_close(pTHX_ IO *io, bool not_implicit)
841 if (IoTYPE(io) == '|') {
842 status = PerlProc_pclose(IoIFP(io));
844 STATUS_NATIVE_SET(status);
845 retval = (STATUS_POSIX == 0);
848 retval = (status != -1);
851 else if (IoTYPE(io) == '-')
854 if (IoOFP(io) && IoOFP(io) != IoIFP(io)) { /* a socket */
855 retval = (PerlIO_close(IoOFP(io)) != EOF);
856 PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)); /* clear stdio, fd already closed */
859 retval = (PerlIO_close(IoIFP(io)) != EOF);
861 IoOFP(io) = IoIFP(io) = Nullfp;
863 else if (not_implicit) {
864 SETERRNO(EBADF,SS$_IVCHAN);
871 Perl_do_eof(pTHX_ GV *gv)
881 else if (ckWARN(WARN_IO)
882 && (IoTYPE(io) == '>' || IoIFP(io) == PerlIO_stdout()
883 || IoIFP(io) == PerlIO_stderr()))
885 SV* sv = sv_newmortal();
886 gv_efullname3(sv, gv, Nullch);
887 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_IO, "Filehandle %s opened only for output",
893 if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io))) { /* (the code works without this) */
894 if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) > 0) /* cheat a little, since */
895 return FALSE; /* this is the most usual case */
898 ch = PerlIO_getc(IoIFP(io));
900 (void)PerlIO_ungetc(IoIFP(io),ch);
903 if (PerlIO_has_cntptr(IoIFP(io)) && PerlIO_canset_cnt(IoIFP(io))) {
904 if (PerlIO_get_cnt(IoIFP(io)) < -1)
905 PerlIO_set_cnt(IoIFP(io),-1);
907 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { /* not necessarily a real EOF yet? */
908 if (!nextargv(PL_argvgv)) /* get another fp handy */
912 return TRUE; /* normal fp, definitely end of file */
918 Perl_do_tell(pTHX_ GV *gv)
923 if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
924 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
926 (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2); /* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
928 return PerlIO_tell(fp);
932 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED))
933 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED, "tell() on unopened file");
935 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
940 Perl_do_seek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
945 if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io))) {
946 #ifdef ULTRIX_STDIO_BOTCH
948 (void)PerlIO_seek(fp, 0L, 2); /* ultrix 1.2 workaround */
950 return PerlIO_seek(fp, pos, whence) >= 0;
954 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED))
955 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED, "seek() on unopened file");
957 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
962 Perl_do_sysseek(pTHX_ GV *gv, Off_t pos, int whence)
967 if (gv && (io = GvIO(gv)) && (fp = IoIFP(io)))
968 return PerlLIO_lseek(PerlIO_fileno(fp), pos, whence);
971 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED))
972 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED, "sysseek() on unopened file");
974 SETERRNO(EBADF,RMS$_IFI);
979 Perl_mode_from_discipline(pTHX_ SV *discp)
984 char *s = SvPV(discp,len);
989 if (len > 3 && strnEQ(s+1, "raw", 3)
990 && (!s[4] || s[4] == ':' || isSPACE(s[4])))
999 if (len > 4 && strnEQ(s+1, "crlf", 4)
1000 && (!s[5] || s[5] == ':' || isSPACE(s[5])))
1009 goto fail_discipline;
1012 else if (isSPACE(*s)) {
1019 end = strchr(s+1, ':');
1022 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unknown discipline '%.*s'", end-s, s);
1030 Perl_do_binmode(pTHX_ PerlIO *fp, int iotype, int mode)
1033 # if defined(atarist) || defined(__MINT__)
1034 if (!PerlIO_flush(fp)) {
1035 if (mode & O_BINARY)
1036 ((FILE*)fp)->_flag |= _IOBIN;
1038 ((FILE*)fp)->_flag &= ~ _IOBIN;
1043 if (PerlLIO_setmode(PerlIO_fileno(fp), mode) != -1) {
1044 # if defined(WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
1045 /* The translation mode of the stream is maintained independent
1046 * of the translation mode of the fd in the Borland RTL (heavy
1047 * digging through their runtime sources reveal). User has to
1048 * set the mode explicitly for the stream (though they don't
1049 * document this anywhere). GSAR 97-5-24
1051 PerlIO_seek(fp,0L,0);
1052 if (mode & O_BINARY)
1053 ((FILE*)fp)->flags |= _F_BIN;
1055 ((FILE*)fp)->flags &= ~ _F_BIN;
1063 # if defined(USEMYBINMODE)
1064 if (my_binmode(fp, iotype, mode) != FALSE)
1074 #if !defined(HAS_TRUNCATE) && !defined(HAS_CHSIZE) && defined(F_FREESP)
1075 /* code courtesy of William Kucharski */
1078 I32 my_chsize(fd, length)
1079 I32 fd; /* file descriptor */
1080 Off_t length; /* length to set file to */
1083 struct stat filebuf;
1085 if (PerlLIO_fstat(fd, &filebuf) < 0)
1088 if (filebuf.st_size < length) {
1090 /* extend file length */
1092 if ((PerlLIO_lseek(fd, (length - 1), 0)) < 0)
1095 /* write a "0" byte */
1097 if ((PerlLIO_write(fd, "", 1)) != 1)
1101 /* truncate length */
1105 fl.l_start = length;
1106 fl.l_type = F_WRLCK; /* write lock on file space */
1109 * This relies on the UNDOCUMENTED F_FREESP argument to
1110 * fcntl(2), which truncates the file so that it ends at the
1111 * position indicated by fl.l_start.
1113 * Will minor miracles never cease?
1116 if (fcntl(fd, F_FREESP, &fl) < 0)
1123 #endif /* F_FREESP */
1126 Perl_do_print(pTHX_ register SV *sv, PerlIO *fp)
1128 register char *tmps;
1131 /* assuming fp is checked earlier */
1137 if (SvIOK(sv) && SvIVX(sv) != 0) {
1138 PerlIO_printf(fp, PL_ofmt, (NV)SvIVX(sv));
1139 return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1141 if ( (SvNOK(sv) && SvNVX(sv) != 0.0)
1142 || (looks_like_number(sv) && sv_2nv(sv) != 0.0) ) {
1143 PerlIO_printf(fp, PL_ofmt, SvNVX(sv));
1144 return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1147 switch (SvTYPE(sv)) {
1151 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
1160 PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"UVuf, (UV)SvUVX(sv));
1162 PerlIO_printf(fp, "%"IVdf, (IV)SvIVX(sv));
1163 return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1167 tmps = SvPV(sv, len);
1170 /* To detect whether the process is about to overstep its
1171 * filesize limit we would need getrlimit(). We could then
1172 * also transparently raise the limit with setrlimit() --
1173 * but only until the system hard limit/the filesystem limit,
1174 * at which we would get EPERM. Note that when using buffered
1175 * io the write failure can be delayed until the flush/close. --jhi */
1176 if (len && (PerlIO_write(fp,tmps,len) == 0 || PerlIO_error(fp)))
1178 return !PerlIO_error(fp);
1188 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1193 if (io && IoIFP(io)) {
1195 sv_setpv(PL_statname,"");
1196 PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1197 return (PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_fstat(PerlIO_fileno(IoIFP(io)), &PL_statcache));
1200 if (tmpgv == PL_defgv)
1201 return PL_laststatval;
1202 if (ckWARN(WARN_UNOPENED))
1203 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_UNOPENED, "Stat on unopened file <%s>",
1206 sv_setpv(PL_statname,"");
1207 return (PL_laststatval = -1);
1215 if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV) {
1219 else if (SvROK(sv) && SvTYPE(SvRV(sv)) == SVt_PVGV) {
1220 tmpgv = (GV*)SvRV(sv);
1226 sv_setpv(PL_statname, s);
1227 PL_laststype = OP_STAT;
1228 PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_stat(s, &PL_statcache);
1229 if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(s, '\n'))
1230 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "stat");
1231 return PL_laststatval;
1241 if (PL_op->op_flags & OPf_REF) {
1243 if (cGVOP_gv == PL_defgv) {
1244 if (PL_laststype != OP_LSTAT)
1245 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "The stat preceding -l _ wasn't an lstat");
1246 return PL_laststatval;
1248 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "You can't use -l on a filehandle");
1251 PL_laststype = OP_LSTAT;
1255 sv_setpv(PL_statname,SvPV(sv, n_a));
1256 PL_laststatval = PerlLIO_lstat(SvPV(sv, n_a),&PL_statcache);
1257 if (PL_laststatval < 0 && ckWARN(WARN_NEWLINE) && strchr(SvPV(sv, n_a), '\n'))
1258 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_NEWLINE, PL_warn_nl, "lstat");
1259 return PL_laststatval;
1263 Perl_do_aexec(pTHX_ SV *really, register SV **mark, register SV **sp)
1265 return do_aexec5(really, mark, sp, 0, 0);
1269 Perl_do_aexec5(pTHX_ SV *really, register SV **mark, register SV **sp,
1270 int fd, int do_report)
1272 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1273 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system");
1281 New(401,PL_Argv, sp - mark + 1, char*);
1283 while (++mark <= sp) {
1285 *a++ = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1290 if (*PL_Argv[0] != '/') /* will execvp use PATH? */
1291 TAINT_ENV(); /* testing IFS here is overkill, probably */
1292 if (really && *(tmps = SvPV(really, n_a)))
1293 PerlProc_execvp(tmps,PL_Argv);
1295 PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],PL_Argv);
1296 if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1297 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC, "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
1298 PL_Argv[0], Strerror(errno));
1302 PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int));
1312 Perl_do_execfree(pTHX)
1316 PL_Argv = Null(char **);
1324 #if !defined(OS2) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(DJGPP) && !defined(EPOC) && !defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
1327 Perl_do_exec(pTHX_ char *cmd)
1329 return do_exec3(cmd,0,0);
1333 Perl_do_exec3(pTHX_ char *cmd, int fd, int do_report)
1339 while (*cmd && isSPACE(*cmd))
1342 /* save an extra exec if possible */
1345 if (strnEQ(cmd,PL_cshname,PL_cshlen) && strnEQ(cmd+PL_cshlen," -c",3)) {
1347 s = cmd+PL_cshlen+3;
1361 if (s[-1] == '\'') {
1363 PerlProc_execl(PL_cshname,"csh", flags,ncmd,(char*)0);
1371 /* see if there are shell metacharacters in it */
1373 if (*cmd == '.' && isSPACE(cmd[1]))
1376 if (strnEQ(cmd,"exec",4) && isSPACE(cmd[4]))
1379 for (s = cmd; *s && isALNUM(*s); s++) ; /* catch VAR=val gizmo */
1383 for (s = cmd; *s; s++) {
1384 if (*s != ' ' && !isALPHA(*s) && strchr("$&*(){}[]'\";\\|?<>~`\n",*s)) {
1385 if (*s == '\n' && !s[1]) {
1389 /* handle the 2>&1 construct at the end */
1390 if (*s == '>' && s[1] == '&' && s[2] == '1'
1391 && s > cmd + 1 && s[-1] == '2' && isSPACE(s[-2])
1392 && (!s[3] || isSPACE(s[3])))
1396 while (*t && isSPACE(*t))
1398 if (!*t && (dup2(1,2) != -1)) {
1404 PerlProc_execl(PL_sh_path, "sh", "-c", cmd, (char*)0);
1409 New(402,PL_Argv, (s - cmd) / 2 + 2, char*);
1410 PL_Cmd = savepvn(cmd, s-cmd);
1412 for (s = PL_Cmd; *s;) {
1413 while (*s && isSPACE(*s)) s++;
1416 while (*s && !isSPACE(*s)) s++;
1422 PerlProc_execvp(PL_Argv[0],PL_Argv);
1423 if (errno == ENOEXEC) { /* for system V NIH syndrome */
1431 if (ckWARN(WARN_EXEC))
1432 Perl_warner(aTHX_ WARN_EXEC, "Can't exec \"%s\": %s",
1433 PL_Argv[0], Strerror(errno));
1435 PerlLIO_write(fd, (void*)&e, sizeof(int));
1444 #endif /* OS2 || WIN32 */
1447 Perl_apply(pTHX_ I32 type, register SV **mark, register SV **sp)
1452 register I32 tot = 0;
1455 SV **oldmark = mark;
1458 #define APPLY_TAINT_PROPER() \
1460 if (PL_tainted) { TAINT_PROPER(what); } \
1463 /* This is a first heuristic; it doesn't catch tainting magic. */
1465 while (++mark <= sp) {
1466 if (SvTAINTED(*mark)) {
1476 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1479 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1481 while (++mark <= sp) {
1482 char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1483 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1484 if (PerlLIO_chmod(name, val))
1492 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1493 if (sp - mark > 2) {
1494 val = SvIVx(*++mark);
1495 val2 = SvIVx(*++mark);
1496 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1498 while (++mark <= sp) {
1499 char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1500 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1501 if (PerlLIO_chown(name, val, val2))
1508 XXX Should we make lchown() directly available from perl?
1509 For now, we'll let Configure test for HAS_LCHOWN, but do
1510 nothing in the core.
1516 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1519 s = SvPVx(*++mark, n_a);
1521 if (*s == 'S' && s[1] == 'I' && s[2] == 'G')
1523 if (!(val = whichsig(s)))
1524 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Unrecognized signal name \"%s\"",s);
1528 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1531 /* kill() doesn't do process groups (job trees?) under VMS */
1532 if (val < 0) val = -val;
1533 if (val == SIGKILL) {
1534 # include <starlet.h>
1535 /* Use native sys$delprc() to insure that target process is
1536 * deleted; supervisor-mode images don't pay attention to
1537 * CRTL's emulation of Unix-style signals and kill()
1539 while (++mark <= sp) {
1540 I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1541 register unsigned long int __vmssts;
1542 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1543 if (!((__vmssts = sys$delprc(&proc,0)) & 1)) {
1547 case SS$_NOSUCHNODE:
1548 SETERRNO(ESRCH,__vmssts);
1551 SETERRNO(EPERM,__vmssts);
1554 SETERRNO(EVMSERR,__vmssts);
1563 while (++mark <= sp) {
1564 I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1565 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1567 if (PerlProc_killpg(proc,val)) /* BSD */
1569 if (PerlProc_kill(-proc,val)) /* SYSV */
1575 while (++mark <= sp) {
1576 I32 proc = SvIVx(*mark);
1577 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1578 if (PerlProc_kill(proc, val))
1586 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1588 while (++mark <= sp) {
1589 s = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1590 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1591 if (PL_euid || PL_unsafe) {
1595 else { /* don't let root wipe out directories without -U */
1596 if (PerlLIO_lstat(s,&PL_statbuf) < 0 || S_ISDIR(PL_statbuf.st_mode))
1608 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1609 if (sp - mark > 2) {
1610 #if defined(I_UTIME) || defined(VMS)
1611 struct utimbuf utbuf;
1619 Zero(&utbuf, sizeof utbuf, char);
1621 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvNVx(*++mark); /* time accessed */
1622 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvNVx(*++mark); /* time modified */
1624 utbuf.actime = (Time_t)SvIVx(*++mark); /* time accessed */
1625 utbuf.modtime = (Time_t)SvIVx(*++mark); /* time modified */
1627 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1629 while (++mark <= sp) {
1630 char *name = SvPVx(*mark, n_a);
1631 APPLY_TAINT_PROPER();
1632 if (PerlLIO_utime(name, &utbuf))
1643 #undef APPLY_TAINT_PROPER
1646 /* Do the permissions allow some operation? Assumes statcache already set. */
1647 #ifndef VMS /* VMS' cando is in vms.c */
1649 Perl_cando(pTHX_ Mode_t mode, Uid_t effective, register Stat_t *statbufp)
1650 /* Note: we use `effective' both for uids and gids.
1651 * Here we are betting on Uid_t being equal or wider than Gid_t. */
1654 /* [Comments and code from Len Reed]
1655 * MS-DOS "user" is similar to UNIX's "superuser," but can't write
1656 * to write-protected files. The execute permission bit is set
1657 * by the Miscrosoft C library stat() function for the following:
1662 * All files and directories are readable.
1663 * Directories and special files, e.g. "CON", cannot be
1665 * [Comment by Tom Dinger -- a directory can have the write-protect
1666 * bit set in the file system, but DOS permits changes to
1667 * the directory anyway. In addition, all bets are off
1668 * here for networked software, such as Novell and
1672 /* Atari stat() does pretty much the same thing. we set x_bit_set_in_stat
1673 * too so it will actually look into the files for magic numbers
1675 return (mode & statbufp->st_mode) ? TRUE : FALSE;
1677 #else /* ! DOSISH */
1678 if ((effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) == 0) { /* root is special */
1679 if (mode == S_IXUSR) {
1680 if (statbufp->st_mode & 0111 || S_ISDIR(statbufp->st_mode))
1684 return TRUE; /* root reads and writes anything */
1687 if (statbufp->st_uid == (effective ? PL_euid : PL_uid) ) {
1688 if (statbufp->st_mode & mode)
1689 return TRUE; /* ok as "user" */
1691 else if (ingroup(statbufp->st_gid,effective)) {
1692 if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 3)
1693 return TRUE; /* ok as "group" */
1695 else if (statbufp->st_mode & mode >> 6)
1696 return TRUE; /* ok as "other" */
1698 #endif /* ! DOSISH */
1703 Perl_ingroup(pTHX_ Gid_t testgid, Uid_t effective)
1705 #ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
1706 /* This is simply not correct for AppleShare, but fix it yerself. */
1709 if (testgid == (effective ? PL_egid : PL_gid))
1711 #ifdef HAS_GETGROUPS
1716 Groups_t gary[NGROUPS];
1719 anum = getgroups(NGROUPS,gary);
1721 if (gary[anum] == testgid)
1729 #if defined(HAS_MSG) || defined(HAS_SEM) || defined(HAS_SHM)
1732 Perl_do_ipcget(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1738 key = (key_t)SvNVx(*++mark);
1739 n = (optype == OP_MSGGET) ? 0 : SvIVx(*++mark);
1740 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1746 return msgget(key, flags);
1750 return semget(key, n, flags);
1754 return shmget(key, n, flags);
1756 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
1758 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1761 return -1; /* should never happen */
1765 Perl_do_ipcctl(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1770 I32 id, n, cmd, infosize, getinfo;
1773 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1774 n = (optype == OP_SEMCTL) ? SvIVx(*++mark) : 0;
1775 cmd = SvIVx(*++mark);
1778 getinfo = (cmd == IPC_STAT);
1784 if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1785 infosize = sizeof(struct msqid_ds);
1790 if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1791 infosize = sizeof(struct shmid_ds);
1797 if (cmd == IPC_STAT || cmd == IPC_SET)
1798 infosize = sizeof(struct semid_ds);
1799 else if (cmd == GETALL || cmd == SETALL)
1801 struct semid_ds semds;
1803 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
1804 semun.buff = &semds;
1808 getinfo = (cmd == GETALL);
1809 if (Semctl(id, 0, IPC_STAT, semun) == -1)
1811 infosize = semds.sem_nsems * sizeof(short);
1812 /* "short" is technically wrong but much more portable
1813 than guessing about u_?short(_t)? */
1816 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1820 #if !defined(HAS_MSG) || !defined(HAS_SEM) || !defined(HAS_SHM)
1822 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1831 SvPV_force(astr, len);
1832 a = SvGROW(astr, infosize+1);
1836 a = SvPV(astr, len);
1837 if (len != infosize)
1838 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Bad arg length for %s, is %lu, should be %ld",
1847 a = INT2PTR(char *,i); /* ouch */
1854 ret = msgctl(id, cmd, (struct msqid_ds *)a);
1860 union semun unsemds;
1862 #ifdef EXTRA_F_IN_SEMUN_BUF
1863 unsemds.buff = (struct semid_ds *)a;
1865 unsemds.buf = (struct semid_ds *)a;
1867 ret = Semctl(id, n, cmd, unsemds);
1869 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "%s not implemented", PL_op_desc[optype]);
1876 ret = shmctl(id, cmd, (struct shmid_ds *)a);
1880 if (getinfo && ret >= 0) {
1881 SvCUR_set(astr, infosize);
1882 *SvEND(astr) = '\0';
1889 Perl_do_msgsnd(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1895 I32 id, msize, flags;
1898 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1900 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1901 mbuf = SvPV(mstr, len);
1902 if ((msize = len - sizeof(long)) < 0)
1903 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Arg too short for msgsnd");
1905 return msgsnd(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, flags);
1907 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgsnd not implemented");
1912 Perl_do_msgrcv(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1919 I32 id, msize, flags, ret;
1922 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1924 msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
1925 mtype = (long)SvIVx(*++mark);
1926 flags = SvIVx(*++mark);
1927 SvPV_force(mstr, len);
1928 mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, sizeof(long)+msize+1);
1931 ret = msgrcv(id, (struct msgbuf *)mbuf, msize, mtype, flags);
1933 SvCUR_set(mstr, sizeof(long)+ret);
1934 *SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
1935 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
1936 /* who knows who has been playing with this message? */
1942 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "msgrcv not implemented");
1947 Perl_do_semop(pTHX_ SV **mark, SV **sp)
1956 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1958 opbuf = SvPV(opstr, opsize);
1959 if (opsize < sizeof(struct sembuf)
1960 || (opsize % sizeof(struct sembuf)) != 0) {
1961 SETERRNO(EINVAL,LIB$_INVARG);
1965 return semop(id, (struct sembuf *)opbuf, opsize/sizeof(struct sembuf));
1967 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "semop not implemented");
1972 Perl_do_shmio(pTHX_ I32 optype, SV **mark, SV **sp)
1978 I32 id, mpos, msize;
1980 struct shmid_ds shmds;
1982 id = SvIVx(*++mark);
1984 mpos = SvIVx(*++mark);
1985 msize = SvIVx(*++mark);
1987 if (shmctl(id, IPC_STAT, &shmds) == -1)
1989 if (mpos < 0 || msize < 0 || mpos + msize > shmds.shm_segsz) {
1990 SETERRNO(EFAULT,SS$_ACCVIO); /* can't do as caller requested */
1993 shm = (char *)shmat(id, (char*)NULL, (optype == OP_SHMREAD) ? SHM_RDONLY : 0);
1994 if (shm == (char *)-1) /* I hate System V IPC, I really do */
1996 if (optype == OP_SHMREAD) {
1997 /* suppress warning when reading into undef var (tchrist 3/Mar/00) */
1999 sv_setpvn(mstr, "", 0);
2000 SvPV_force(mstr, len);
2001 mbuf = SvGROW(mstr, msize+1);
2003 Copy(shm + mpos, mbuf, msize, char);
2004 SvCUR_set(mstr, msize);
2005 *SvEND(mstr) = '\0';
2007 #ifndef INCOMPLETE_TAINTS
2008 /* who knows who has been playing with this shared memory? */
2015 mbuf = SvPV(mstr, len);
2016 if ((n = len) > msize)
2018 Copy(mbuf, shm + mpos, n, char);
2020 memzero(shm + mpos + n, msize - n);
2024 Perl_croak(aTHX_ "shm I/O not implemented");
2028 #endif /* SYSV IPC */