3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000,
4 * 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
11 /* This structure must the beginning of XPVFM in sv.h */
15 NV xnv_nv; /* numeric value, if any */
20 } xpad_cop_seq; /* used by pad.c for cop_sequence */
22 U32 xbm_previous; /* how many characters in string before rare? */
24 U8 xbm_rare; /* rarest character in string */
25 } xbm_s; /* fields from PVBM */
27 STRLEN xpv_cur; /* length of xp_pv as a C string */
28 STRLEN xpv_len; /* allocated size */
33 I32 xivu_i32; /* depth, >= 2 indicates recursive call */
37 MAGIC* xmg_magic; /* linked list of magicalness */
38 HV* xmg_ourstash; /* Stash for our (when SvPAD_OUR is true) */
40 HV* xmg_stash; /* class package */
49 void (*xcv_xsub) (pTHX_ CV*);
53 PADLIST * xcv_padlist;
55 U32 xcv_outside_seq; /* the COP sequence (at the point of our
56 * compilation) in the lexically enclosing
62 STRLEN xpv_cur; /* length of xp_pv as a C string */
63 STRLEN xpv_len; /* allocated size */
68 I32 xivu_i32; /* depth, >= 2 indicates recursive call */
72 MAGIC* xmg_magic; /* linked list of magicalness */
73 HV* xmg_ourstash; /* Stash for our (when SvPAD_OUR is true) */
75 HV* xmg_stash; /* class package */
84 void (*xcv_xsub) (pTHX_ CV*);
88 PADLIST * xcv_padlist;
90 U32 xcv_outside_seq; /* the COP sequence (at the point of our
91 * compilation) in the lexically enclosing
99 =for apidoc AmU||Nullcv
102 =head1 CV Manipulation Functions
104 =for apidoc Am|HV*|CvSTASH|CV* cv
105 Returns the stash of the CV.
110 #define Nullcv Null(CV*)
112 #define CvSTASH(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_stash
113 #define CvSTART(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_start_u.xcv_start
114 #define CvROOT(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_root_u.xcv_root
115 #define CvXSUB(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_root_u.xcv_xsub
116 #define CvXSUBANY(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_start_u.xcv_xsubany
117 #define CvGV(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_gv
118 #define CvFILE(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_file
120 # define CvFILE_set_from_cop(sv, cop) (CvFILE(sv) = savepv(CopFILE(cop)))
122 # define CvFILE_set_from_cop(sv, cop) (CvFILE(sv) = CopFILE(cop))
124 #define CvFILEGV(sv) (gv_fetchfile(CvFILE(sv)))
125 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(PERL_GCC_BRACE_GROUPS_FORBIDDEN)
126 # define CvDEPTH(sv) (*({const CV *_cv = (CV *)sv; \
127 assert(SvTYPE(_cv) == SVt_PVCV || \
128 SvTYPE(_cv) == SVt_PVFM); \
129 &((XPVCV*)SvANY(_cv))->xiv_u.xivu_i32; \
132 # define CvDEPTH(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xiv_u.xivu_i32
134 #define CvPADLIST(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_padlist
135 #define CvOUTSIDE(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_outside
136 #define CvFLAGS(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_flags
137 #define CvOUTSIDE_SEQ(sv) ((XPVCV*)SvANY(sv))->xcv_outside_seq
139 #define CVf_METHOD 0x0001 /* CV is explicitly marked as a method */
140 #define CVf_LOCKED 0x0002 /* CV locks itself or first arg on entry */
141 #define CVf_LVALUE 0x0004 /* CV return value can be used as lvalue */
142 #define CVf_ASSERTION 0x0008 /* CV called only when asserting */
144 #define CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE 0x0010 /* CvOUTSIDE isn't ref counted */
145 #define CVf_CLONE 0x0020 /* anon CV uses external lexicals */
146 #define CVf_CLONED 0x0040 /* a clone of one of those */
147 #define CVf_ANON 0x0080 /* CvGV() can't be trusted */
148 #define CVf_UNIQUE 0x0100 /* sub is only called once (eg PL_main_cv,
150 #define CVf_NODEBUG 0x0200 /* no DB::sub indirection for this CV
151 (esp. useful for special XSUBs) */
152 #define CVf_CONST 0x0400 /* inlinable sub */
153 #define CVf_ISXSUB 0x0800 /* CV is an XSUB, not pure perl. */
155 /* This symbol for optimised communication between toke.c and op.c: */
156 #define CVf_BUILTIN_ATTRS (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE|CVf_ASSERTION)
158 #define CvCLONE(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_CLONE)
159 #define CvCLONE_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_CLONE)
160 #define CvCLONE_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_CLONE)
162 #define CvCLONED(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_CLONED)
163 #define CvCLONED_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_CLONED)
164 #define CvCLONED_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_CLONED)
166 #define CvANON(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_ANON)
167 #define CvANON_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_ANON)
168 #define CvANON_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_ANON)
170 #define CvUNIQUE(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_UNIQUE)
171 #define CvUNIQUE_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_UNIQUE)
172 #define CvUNIQUE_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_UNIQUE)
174 #define CvNODEBUG(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_NODEBUG)
175 #define CvNODEBUG_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_NODEBUG)
176 #define CvNODEBUG_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_NODEBUG)
178 #define CvMETHOD(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_METHOD)
179 #define CvMETHOD_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_METHOD)
180 #define CvMETHOD_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_METHOD)
182 #define CvLOCKED(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_LOCKED)
183 #define CvLOCKED_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_LOCKED)
184 #define CvLOCKED_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_LOCKED)
186 #define CvLVALUE(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_LVALUE)
187 #define CvLVALUE_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_LVALUE)
188 #define CvLVALUE_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_LVALUE)
190 #define CvASSERTION(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_ASSERTION)
191 #define CvASSERTION_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_ASSERTION)
192 #define CvASSERTION_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_ASSERTION)
194 #define CvEVAL(cv) (CvUNIQUE(cv) && !SvFAKE(cv))
195 #define CvEVAL_on(cv) (CvUNIQUE_on(cv),SvFAKE_off(cv))
196 #define CvEVAL_off(cv) CvUNIQUE_off(cv)
198 /* BEGIN|CHECK|INIT|UNITCHECK|END */
199 #define CvSPECIAL(cv) (CvUNIQUE(cv) && SvFAKE(cv))
200 #define CvSPECIAL_on(cv) (CvUNIQUE_on(cv),SvFAKE_on(cv))
201 #define CvSPECIAL_off(cv) (CvUNIQUE_off(cv),SvFAKE_off(cv))
203 #define CvCONST(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_CONST)
204 #define CvCONST_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_CONST)
205 #define CvCONST_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_CONST)
207 #define CvWEAKOUTSIDE(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE)
208 #define CvWEAKOUTSIDE_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE)
209 #define CvWEAKOUTSIDE_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_WEAKOUTSIDE)
211 #define CvISXSUB(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) & CVf_ISXSUB)
212 #define CvISXSUB_on(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) |= CVf_ISXSUB)
213 #define CvISXSUB_off(cv) (CvFLAGS(cv) &= ~CVf_ISXSUB)
215 /* Flags for newXS_flags */
216 #define XS_DYNAMIC_FILENAME 0x01 /* The filename isn't static */
219 =head1 CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
221 =for apidoc m|bool|CvWEAKOUTSIDE|CV *cv
223 Each CV has a pointer, C<CvOUTSIDE()>, to its lexically enclosing
224 CV (if any). Because pointers to anonymous sub prototypes are
225 stored in C<&> pad slots, it is a possible to get a circular reference,
226 with the parent pointing to the child and vice-versa. To avoid the
227 ensuing memory leak, we do not increment the reference count of the CV
228 pointed to by C<CvOUTSIDE> in the I<one specific instance> that the parent
229 has a C<&> pad slot pointing back to us. In this case, we set the
230 C<CvWEAKOUTSIDE> flag in the child. This allows us to determine under what
231 circumstances we should decrement the refcount of the parent when freeing
234 There is a further complication with non-closure anonymous subs (i.e. those
235 that do not refer to any lexicals outside that sub). In this case, the
236 anonymous prototype is shared rather than being cloned. This has the
237 consequence that the parent may be freed while there are still active
240 BEGIN { $a = sub { eval '$x' } }
242 In this case, the BEGIN is freed immediately after execution since there
243 are no active references to it: the anon sub prototype has
244 C<CvWEAKOUTSIDE> set since it's not a closure, and $a points to the same
245 CV, so it doesn't contribute to BEGIN's refcount either. When $a is
246 executed, the C<eval '$x'> causes the chain of C<CvOUTSIDE>s to be followed,
247 and the freed BEGIN is accessed.
249 To avoid this, whenever a CV and its associated pad is freed, any
250 C<&> entries in the pad are explicitly removed from the pad, and if the
251 refcount of the pointed-to anon sub is still positive, then that
252 child's C<CvOUTSIDE> is set to point to its grandparent. This will only
253 occur in the single specific case of a non-closure anon prototype
254 having one or more active references (such as C<$a> above).
256 One other thing to consider is that a CV may be merely undefined
257 rather than freed, eg C<undef &foo>. In this case, its refcount may
258 not have reached zero, but we still delete its pad and its C<CvROOT> etc.
259 Since various children may still have their C<CvOUTSIDE> pointing at this
260 undefined CV, we keep its own C<CvOUTSIDE> for the time being, so that
261 the chain of lexical scopes is unbroken. For example, the following
265 sub tmp { sub { eval '$x' } }
275 * c-indentation-style: bsd
277 * indent-tabs-mode: t
280 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: