5 Pod::Simple::XHTML -- format Pod as validating XHTML
9 use Pod::Simple::XHTML;
11 my $parser = Pod::Simple::XHTML->new();
15 $parser->parse_file('path/to/file.pod');
19 This class is a formatter that takes Pod and renders it as XHTML
22 This is a subclass of L<Pod::Simple::Methody> and inherits all its
23 methods. The implementation is entirely different than
24 L<Pod::Simple::HTML>, but it largely preserves the same interface.
28 package Pod::Simple::XHTML;
30 use vars qw( $VERSION @ISA $HAS_HTML_ENTITIES );
33 use Pod::Simple::Methody ();
34 @ISA = ('Pod::Simple::Methody');
37 $HAS_HTML_ENTITIES = eval "require HTML::Entities; 1";
49 return HTML::Entities::encode_entities( $_[0] ) if $HAS_HTML_ENTITIES;
51 my $ents = join '', keys %entities;
52 $str =~ s/([$ents])/'&' . $entities{$1} . ';'/ge;
56 #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
60 Pod::Simple::XHTML offers a number of methods that modify the format of
61 the HTML output. Call these after creating the parser object, but before
62 the call to C<parse_file>:
64 my $parser = Pod::PseudoPod::HTML->new();
65 $parser->set_optional_param("value");
66 $parser->parse_file($file);
68 =head2 perldoc_url_prefix
70 In turning L<Foo::Bar> into http://whatever/Foo%3a%3aBar, what
71 to put before the "Foo%3a%3aBar". The default value is
72 "http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?".
74 =head2 perldoc_url_postfix
76 What to put after "Foo%3a%3aBar" in the URL. This option is not set by
81 In turning C<< L<crontab(5)> >> into http://whatever/man/1/crontab, what
82 to put before the "1/crontab". The default value is
83 "http://man.he.net/man".
85 =head2 man_url_postfix
87 What to put after "1/crontab" in the URL. This option is not set by default.
89 =head2 title_prefix, title_postfix
91 What to put before and after the title in the head. The values should
96 $parser->html_css('path/to/style.css');
98 The URL or relative path of a CSS file to include. This option is not
101 =head2 html_javascript
103 The URL or relative path of a JavaScript file to pull in. This option is
108 A document type tag for the file. This option is not set by default.
110 =head2 html_header_tags
112 Additional arbitrary HTML tags for the header of the document. The
113 default value is just a content type header tag:
115 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
117 Add additional meta tags here, or blocks of inline CSS or JavaScript
118 (wrapped in the appropriate tags).
122 Set a default title for the page if no title can be determined from the
123 content. The value of this string should already be &-escaped.
127 Force a title for the page (don't try to determine it from the content).
128 The value of this string should already be &-escaped.
130 =head2 html_header, html_footer
132 Set the HTML output at the beginning and end of each file. The default
133 header includes a title, a doctype tag (if C<html_doctype> is set), a
134 content tag (customized by C<html_header_tags>), a tag for a CSS file
135 (if C<html_css> is set), and a tag for a Javascript file (if
136 C<html_javascript> is set). The default footer simply closes the C<html>
139 The options listed above customize parts of the default header, but
140 setting C<html_header> or C<html_footer> completely overrides the
141 built-in header or footer. These may be useful if you want to use
142 template tags instead of literal HTML headers and footers or are
143 integrating converted POD pages in a larger website.
145 If you want no headers or footers output in the HTML, set these options
150 Whether to add a table-of-contents at the top of each page (called an
151 index for the sake of tradition).
156 __PACKAGE__->_accessorize(
157 'perldoc_url_prefix',
158 'perldoc_url_postfix',
161 'title_prefix', 'title_postfix',
166 'title', # Used internally for the title extracted from the content
172 'batch_mode', # whether we're in batch mode
173 'batch_mode_current_level',
174 # When in batch mode, how deep the current module is: 1 for "LWP",
175 # 2 for "LWP::Procotol", 3 for "LWP::Protocol::GHTTP", etc
178 #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
182 If the standard options aren't enough, you may want to subclass
183 Pod::Simple::XHMTL. These are the most likely candidates for methods
184 you'll want to override when subclassing.
190 my $new = $self->SUPER::new(@_);
191 $new->{'output_fh'} ||= *STDOUT{IO};
192 $new->accept_targets( 'html', 'HTML' );
193 $new->perldoc_url_prefix('http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?');
194 $new->man_url_prefix('http://man.he.net/man');
195 $new->html_header_tags('<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />');
196 $new->nix_X_codes(1);
197 $new->codes_in_verbatim(1);
198 $new->{'scratch'} = '';
199 $new->{'to_index'} = [];
200 $new->{'output'} = [];
201 $new->{'saved'} = [];
206 #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
210 This method handles the body of text within any element: it's the body
211 of a paragraph, or everything between a "=begin" tag and the
212 corresponding "=end" tag, or the text within an L entity, etc. You would
213 want to override this if you are adding a custom element type that does
214 more than just display formatted text. Perhaps adding a way to generate
215 HTML tables from an extended version of POD.
217 So, let's say you want add a custom element called 'foo'. In your
218 subclass's C<new> method, after calling C<SUPER::new> you'd call:
220 $new->accept_targets_as_text( 'foo' );
222 Then override the C<start_for> method in the subclass to check for when
223 "$flags->{'target'}" is equal to 'foo' and set a flag that marks that
224 you're in a foo block (maybe "$self->{'in_foo'} = 1"). Then override the
225 C<handle_text> method to check for the flag, and pass $text to your
226 custom subroutine to construct the HTML output for 'foo' elements,
230 my ($self, $text) = @_;
231 if ($self->{'in_foo'}) {
232 $self->{'scratch'} .= build_foo_html($text);
234 $self->{'scratch'} .= $text;
241 # escape special characters in HTML (<, >, &, etc)
242 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= encode_entities( $_[1] )
245 sub start_Para { $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<p>' }
246 sub start_Verbatim { $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<pre><code>' }
248 sub start_head1 { $_[0]{'in_head'} = 1 }
249 sub start_head2 { $_[0]{'in_head'} = 2 }
250 sub start_head3 { $_[0]{'in_head'} = 3 }
251 sub start_head4 { $_[0]{'in_head'} = 4 }
253 sub start_item_number {
254 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</li>\n" if $_[0]{'in_li'};
255 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<li><p>';
259 sub start_item_bullet {
260 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</li>\n" if $_[0]{'in_li'};
261 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<li><p>';
265 sub start_item_text {
266 if ($_[0]{'in_dd'}[ $_[0]{'dl_level'} ]) {
267 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</dd>\n";
268 $_[0]{'in_dd'}[ $_[0]{'dl_level'} ] = 0;
270 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<dt>';
273 sub start_over_bullet { $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<ul>'; $_[0]->emit }
274 sub start_over_block { $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<ul>'; $_[0]->emit }
275 sub start_over_number { $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<ol>'; $_[0]->emit }
276 sub start_over_text {
277 $_[0]{'scratch'} = '<dl>';
279 $_[0]{'in_dd'} ||= [];
283 sub end_over_block { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</ul>'; $_[0]->emit }
285 sub end_over_number {
286 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</li>\n" if delete $_[0]{'in_li'};
287 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</ol>';
291 sub end_over_bullet {
292 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</li>\n" if delete $_[0]{'in_li'};
293 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</ul>';
298 if ($_[0]{'in_dd'}[ $_[0]{'dl_level'} ]) {
299 $_[0]{'scratch'} = "</dd>\n";
300 $_[0]{'in_dd'}[ $_[0]{'dl_level'} ] = 0;
302 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</dl>';
307 # . . . . . Now the actual formatters:
309 sub end_Para { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</p>'; $_[0]->emit }
311 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</code></pre>';
316 my $h = delete $_[0]{in_head};
317 my $id = $_[0]->idify($_[0]{scratch});
318 my $text = $_[0]{scratch};
319 $_[0]{'scratch'} = qq{<h$h id="$id">$text</h$h>};
321 push @{ $_[0]{'to_index'} }, [$h, $id, $text];
324 sub end_head1 { shift->_end_head(@_); }
325 sub end_head2 { shift->_end_head(@_); }
326 sub end_head3 { shift->_end_head(@_); }
327 sub end_head4 { shift->_end_head(@_); }
329 sub end_item_bullet { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</p>'; $_[0]->emit }
330 sub end_item_number { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</p>'; $_[0]->emit }
333 $_[0]{'scratch'} .= "</dt>\n<dd>";
334 $_[0]{'in_dd'}[ $_[0]{'dl_level'} ] = 1;
338 # This handles =begin and =for blocks of all kinds.
340 my ($self, $flags) = @_;
341 $self->{'scratch'} .= '<div';
342 $self->{'scratch'} .= ' class="'.$flags->{'target'}.'"' if ($flags->{'target'});
343 $self->{'scratch'} .= '>';
349 $self->{'scratch'} .= '</div>';
355 if (defined $self->html_header) {
356 $self->{'scratch'} .= $self->html_header;
357 $self->emit unless $self->html_header eq "";
359 my ($doctype, $title, $metatags);
360 $doctype = $self->html_doctype || '';
361 $title = $self->force_title || $self->title || $self->default_title || '';
362 $metatags = $self->html_header_tags || '';
363 if ($self->html_css) {
364 $metatags .= "\n<link rel='stylesheet' href='" .
365 $self->html_css . "' type='text/css'>";
367 if ($self->html_javascript) {
368 $metatags .= "\n<script type='text/javascript' src='" .
369 $self->html_javascript . "'></script>";
371 $self->{'scratch'} .= <<"HTML";
375 <title>$title</title>
386 my $to_index = $self->{'to_index'};
387 if ($self->index && @{ $to_index } ) {
392 my $id = ' id="index"';
394 for my $h (@{ $to_index }, [0]) {
395 my $target_level = $h->[0];
396 # Get to target_level by opening or closing ULs
397 if ($level == $target_level) {
399 } elsif ($level > $target_level) {
400 $out[-1] .= '</li>' if $out[-1] =~ /^\s+<li>/;
401 while ($level > $target_level) {
403 push @out, (' ' x --$indent) . '</li>' if @out && $out[-1] =~ m{^\s+<\/ul};
404 push @out, (' ' x --$indent) . '</ul>';
406 push @out, (' ' x --$indent) . '</li>' if $level;
408 while ($level < $target_level) {
410 push @out, (' ' x ++$indent) . '<li>' if @out && $out[-1]=~ /^\s*<ul/;
411 push @out, (' ' x ++$indent) . "<ul$id>";
418 $space = ' ' x $indent;
419 push @out, sprintf '%s<li><a href="#%s">%s</a>',
420 $space, $h->[1], $h->[2];
422 # Splice the index in between the HTML headers and the first element.
423 my $offset = defined $self->html_header ? $self->html_header eq '' ? 0 : 1 : 1;
424 splice @{ $self->{'output'} }, $offset, 0, join "\n", @out;
427 if (defined $self->html_footer) {
428 $self->{'scratch'} .= $self->html_footer;
429 $self->emit unless $self->html_footer eq "";
431 $self->{'scratch'} .= "</body>\n</html>";
436 print {$self->{'output_fh'}} join ("\n\n", @{ $self->{'output'} }), "\n\n";
437 @{$self->{'output'}} = ();
443 sub start_B { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<b>' }
444 sub end_B { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</b>' }
446 sub start_C { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<code>' }
447 sub end_C { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</code>' }
449 sub start_F { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<i>' }
450 sub end_F { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</i>' }
452 sub start_I { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<i>' }
453 sub end_I { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</i>' }
456 my ($self, $flags) = @_;
457 my ($type, $to, $section) = @{$flags}{'type', 'to', 'section'};
458 my $url = $type eq 'url' ? $to
459 : $type eq 'pod' ? $self->resolve_pod_page_link($to, $section)
460 : $type eq 'man' ? $self->resolve_man_page_link($to, $section)
463 # If it's an unknown type, use an attribute-less <a> like HTML.pm.
464 $self->{'scratch'} .= '<a' . ($url ? ' href="'. $url . '">' : '>');
467 sub end_L { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</a>' }
469 sub start_S { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '<nobr>' }
470 sub end_S { $_[0]{'scratch'} .= '</nobr>' }
475 push @{ $self->{'output'} }, $self->{'scratch'};
477 print {$self->{'output_fh'}} $self->{'scratch'}, "\n\n";
479 $self->{'scratch'} = '';
483 =head2 resolve_pod_page_link
485 my $url = $pod->resolve_pod_page_link('Net::Ping', 'INSTALL');
486 my $url = $pod->resolve_pod_page_link('perlpodspec');
487 my $url = $pod->resolve_pod_page_link(undef, 'SYNOPSIS');
489 Resolves a POD link target (typically a module or POD file name) and section
490 name to a URL. The resulting link will be returned for the above examples as:
492 http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?Net::Ping#INSTALL
493 http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?perlpodspec
496 Note that when there is only a section argument the URL will simply be a link
497 to a section in the current document.
501 sub resolve_pod_page_link {
502 my ($self, $to, $section) = @_;
503 return undef unless defined $to || defined $section;
504 if (defined $section) {
505 $section = '#' . $self->idify($section, 1);
506 return $section unless defined $to;
511 return ($self->perldoc_url_prefix || '')
512 . encode_entities($to) . $section
513 . ($self->perldoc_url_postfix || '');
516 =head2 resolve_man_page_link
518 my $url = $pod->resolve_man_page_link('crontab(5)', 'EXAMPLE CRON FILE');
519 my $url = $pod->resolve_man_page_link('crontab');
521 Resolves a man page link target and numeric section to a URL. The resulting
522 link will be returned for the above examples as:
524 http://man.he.net/man5/crontab
525 http://man.he.net/man1/crontab
527 Note that the first argument is required. The section number will be parsed
528 from it, and if it's missing will default to 1. The second argument is
529 currently ignored, as L<man.he.net|http://man.he.net> does not currently
530 include linkable IDs or anchor names in its pages. Subclass to link to a
531 different man page HTTP server.
535 sub resolve_man_page_link {
536 my ($self, $to, $section) = @_;
537 return undef unless defined $to;
538 my ($page, $part) = $to =~ /^([^(]+)(?:[(](\d+)[)])?$/;
539 return undef unless $page;
540 return ($self->man_url_prefix || '')
541 . ($part || 1) . "/" . encode_entities($page)
542 . ($self->man_url_postfix || '');
548 my $id = $pod->idify($text);
549 my $hash = $pod->idify($text, 1);
551 This method turns an arbitrary string into a valid XHTML ID attribute value.
552 The rules enforced, following
553 L<http://webdesign.about.com/od/htmltags/a/aa031707.htm>, are:
559 The id must start with a letter (a-z or A-Z)
563 All subsequent characters can be letters, numbers (0-9), hyphens (-),
564 underscores (_), colons (:), and periods (.).
568 Each id must be unique within the document.
572 In addition, the returned value will be unique within the context of the
573 Pod::Simple::XHTML object unless a second argument is passed a true value. ID
574 attributes should always be unique within a single XHTML document, but pass
575 the true value if you are creating not an ID but a URL hash to point to
576 an ID (i.e., if you need to put the "#foo" in C<< <a href="#foo">foo</a> >>.
581 my ($self, $t, $not_unique) = @_;
583 s/<[^>]+>//g; # Strip HTML.
584 s/&[^;]+;//g; # Strip entities.
585 s/^([^a-zA-Z]+)$/pod$1/; # Prepend "pod" if no valid chars.
586 s/^[^a-zA-Z]+//; # First char must be a letter.
587 s/[^-a-zA-Z0-9_:.]+/-/g; # All other chars must be valid.
589 return $t if $not_unique;
591 $i++ while $self->{ids}{"$t$i"}++;
601 L<Pod::Simple>, L<Pod::Simple::Methody>
605 L<Pod::Simple>, L<Pod::Simple::Text>, L<Pod::Spell>
609 Questions or discussion about POD and Pod::Simple should be sent to the
610 pod-people@perl.org mail list. Send an empty email to
611 pod-people-subscribe@perl.org to subscribe.
613 This module is managed in an open GitHub repository,
614 L<http://github.com/theory/pod-simple/>. Feel free to fork and contribute, or
615 to clone L<git://github.com/theory/pod-simple.git> and send patches!
617 Patches against Pod::Simple are welcome. Please send bug reports to
618 <bug-pod-simple@rt.cpan.org>.
620 =head1 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
622 Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Allison Randal.
624 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
625 under the same terms as Perl itself.
627 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
628 without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of
629 merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
633 Pod::Simpele::XHTML was created by Allison Randal <allison@perl.org>.
635 Pod::Simple was created by Sean M. Burke <sburke@cpan.org>.
636 But don't bother him, he's retired.
638 Pod::Simple is maintained by:
642 =item * Allison Randal C<allison@perl.org>
644 =item * Hans Dieter Pearcey C<hdp@cpan.org>
646 =item * David E. Wheeler C<dwheeler@cpan.org>