3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "...for the Entwives desired order, and plenty, and peace (by which they
13 * meant that things should remain where they had set them)." --Treebeard
17 =head1 Array Manipulation Functions
25 Perl_av_reify(pTHX_ AV *av)
35 if (SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied) && ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING))
36 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING), "av_reify called on tied array");
39 while (key > AvFILLp(av) + 1)
40 AvARRAY(av)[--key] = &PL_sv_undef;
42 SV * const sv = AvARRAY(av)[--key];
44 if (sv != &PL_sv_undef)
45 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv);
47 key = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
49 AvALLOC(av)[--key] = &PL_sv_undef;
57 Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
64 Perl_av_extend(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key)
71 mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
76 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
79 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
82 call_method("EXTEND", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
88 if (key > AvMAX(av)) {
93 if (AvALLOC(av) != AvARRAY(av)) {
94 ary = AvALLOC(av) + AvFILLp(av) + 1;
95 tmp = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
96 Move(AvARRAY(av), AvALLOC(av), AvFILLp(av)+1, SV*);
98 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
101 ary[--tmp] = &PL_sv_undef;
103 if (key > AvMAX(av) - 10) {
104 newmax = key + AvMAX(av);
109 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
110 static const char oom_array_extend[] =
111 "Out of memory during array extend"; /* Duplicated in pp_hot.c */
115 #if !defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) && !defined(MYMALLOC)
121 newmax = malloced_size((void*)AvALLOC(av))/sizeof(SV*) - 1;
126 newmax = key + AvMAX(av) / 5;
128 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(newmax+1, SV*, oom_array_extend);
129 #if defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) || defined(MYMALLOC)
130 Renew(AvALLOC(av),newmax+1, SV*);
132 bytes = (newmax + 1) * sizeof(SV*);
133 #define MALLOC_OVERHEAD 16
134 itmp = MALLOC_OVERHEAD;
135 while ((MEM_SIZE)(itmp - MALLOC_OVERHEAD) < bytes)
137 itmp -= MALLOC_OVERHEAD;
139 assert(itmp > newmax);
141 assert(newmax >= AvMAX(av));
142 Newx(ary, newmax+1, SV*);
143 Copy(AvALLOC(av), ary, AvMAX(av)+1, SV*);
145 offer_nice_chunk(AvALLOC(av), (AvMAX(av)+1) * sizeof(SV*));
147 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
153 ary = AvALLOC(av) + AvMAX(av) + 1;
154 tmp = newmax - AvMAX(av);
155 if (av == PL_curstack) { /* Oops, grew stack (via av_store()?) */
156 PL_stack_sp = AvALLOC(av) + (PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base);
157 PL_stack_base = AvALLOC(av);
158 PL_stack_max = PL_stack_base + newmax;
162 newmax = key < 3 ? 3 : key;
163 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(newmax+1, SV*, oom_array_extend);
164 Newx(AvALLOC(av), newmax+1, SV*);
165 ary = AvALLOC(av) + 1;
167 AvALLOC(av)[0] = &PL_sv_undef; /* For the stacks */
171 ary[--tmp] = &PL_sv_undef;
174 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
183 Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The C<key> is the
184 index. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check
185 that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
187 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
188 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
194 Perl_av_fetch(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 key, I32 lval)
200 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
201 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
202 if (tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata)) {
205 I32 adjust_index = 1;
207 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
208 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
209 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av, tied_magic))),
210 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
212 if (negative_indices_glob && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
217 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
224 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVLV);
225 mg_copy((SV*)av, sv, 0, key);
227 LvTARG(sv) = sv; /* fake (SV**) */
228 return &(LvTARG(sv));
233 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
238 if (key > AvFILLp(av)) {
241 return av_store(av,key,newSV(0));
243 if (AvARRAY(av)[key] == &PL_sv_undef) {
246 return av_store(av,key,newSV(0));
250 && (!AvARRAY(av)[key] /* eg. @_ could have freed elts */
251 || SvIS_FREED(AvARRAY(av)[key]))) {
252 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef; /* 1/2 reify */
255 return &AvARRAY(av)[key];
261 Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as C<key>. The
262 return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not
263 need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied
264 arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note
265 that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference
266 count of C<val> before the call, and decrementing it if the function
269 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
270 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
276 Perl_av_store(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 key, SV *val)
283 /* S_regclass relies on being able to pass in a NULL sv
284 (unicode_alternate may be NULL).
290 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
291 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
293 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
295 bool adjust_index = 1;
296 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
297 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
299 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
300 if (negative_indices_glob
301 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
304 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
309 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
310 mg_copy((SV*)av, val, 0, key);
318 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
323 if (SvREADONLY(av) && key >= AvFILL(av))
324 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
326 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
331 if (AvFILLp(av) < key) {
333 if (av == PL_curstack && key > PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base)
334 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + key; /* XPUSH in disguise */
336 ary[++AvFILLp(av)] = &PL_sv_undef;
337 } while (AvFILLp(av) < key);
342 SvREFCNT_dec(ary[key]);
344 if (SvSMAGICAL(av)) {
345 const MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(av);
346 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
347 sv_magic(val, (SV*)av, toLOWER(mg->mg_type), 0, key);
349 if (PL_delaymagic && mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_isa)
350 PL_delaymagic |= DM_ARRAY;
360 Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied
361 into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV
362 will have a reference count of 1.
368 Perl_av_make(pTHX_ register I32 size, register SV **strp)
370 register AV * const av = (AV*)newSV_type(SVt_PVAV);
371 /* sv_upgrade does AvREAL_only() */
372 if (size) { /* "defined" was returning undef for size==0 anyway. */
378 AvFILLp(av) = AvMAX(av) = size - 1;
379 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
382 sv_setsv(ary[i], *strp);
392 Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the
399 Perl_av_clear(pTHX_ register AV *av)
406 if (SvREFCNT(av) == 0 && ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING)) {
407 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING), "Attempt to clear deleted array");
412 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
414 /* Give any tie a chance to cleanup first */
415 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
416 const MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(av);
417 if (PL_delaymagic && mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_isa)
418 PL_delaymagic |= DM_ARRAY;
427 SV** const ary = AvARRAY(av);
428 I32 index = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
430 SV * const sv = ary[--index];
431 /* undef the slot before freeing the value, because a
432 * destructor might try to modify this array */
433 ary[index] = &PL_sv_undef;
437 extra = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
440 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
449 Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
455 Perl_av_undef(pTHX_ register AV *av)
459 /* Give any tie a chance to cleanup first */
460 if (SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
464 register I32 key = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
466 SvREFCNT_dec(AvARRAY(av)[--key]);
469 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
472 AvMAX(av) = AvFILLp(av) = -1;
474 if(SvRMAGICAL(av)) mg_clear((SV*)av);
479 =for apidoc av_create_and_push
481 Push an SV onto the end of the array, creating the array if necessary.
482 A small internal helper function to remove a commonly duplicated idiom.
488 Perl_av_create_and_push(pTHX_ AV **const avp, SV *const val)
498 Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically
499 to accommodate the addition.
505 Perl_av_push(pTHX_ register AV *av, SV *val)
512 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
514 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
516 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
519 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
523 call_method("PUSH", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
528 av_store(av,AvFILLp(av)+1,val);
534 Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns C<&PL_sv_undef> if the array
541 Perl_av_pop(pTHX_ register AV *av)
550 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
551 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
553 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
555 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
558 if (call_method("POP", G_SCALAR)) {
559 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
561 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
569 retval = AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)];
570 AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)--] = &PL_sv_undef;
578 =for apidoc av_create_and_unshift_one
580 Unshifts an SV onto the beginning of the array, creating the array if
582 A small internal helper function to remove a commonly duplicated idiom.
588 Perl_av_create_and_unshift_one(pTHX_ AV **const avp, SV *const val)
593 return av_store(*avp, 0, val);
597 =for apidoc av_unshift
599 Unshift the given number of C<undef> values onto the beginning of the
600 array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You
601 must then use C<av_store> to assign values to these new elements.
607 Perl_av_unshift(pTHX_ register AV *av, register I32 num)
616 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
618 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
620 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
623 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
629 call_method("UNSHIFT", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
637 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
639 i = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
647 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) - i;
651 const I32 i = AvFILLp(av);
652 /* Create extra elements */
653 const I32 slide = i > 0 ? i : 0;
655 av_extend(av, i + num);
658 Move(ary, ary + num, i + 1, SV*);
660 ary[--num] = &PL_sv_undef;
662 /* Make extra elements into a buffer */
664 AvFILLp(av) -= slide;
665 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) + slide;
672 Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
678 Perl_av_shift(pTHX_ register AV *av)
687 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
688 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
690 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
692 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
695 if (call_method("SHIFT", G_SCALAR)) {
696 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
698 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
706 retval = *AvARRAY(av);
708 *AvARRAY(av) = &PL_sv_undef;
709 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) + 1;
720 Returns the highest index in the array. The number of elements in the
721 array is C<av_len(av) + 1>. Returns -1 if the array is empty.
727 Perl_av_len(pTHX_ register const AV *av)
736 Set the highest index in the array to the given number, equivalent to
737 Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
739 The number of elements in the an array will be C<fill + 1> after
740 av_fill() returns. If the array was previously shorter then the
741 additional elements appended are set to C<PL_sv_undef>. If the array
742 was longer, then the excess elements are freed. C<av_fill(av, -1)> is
743 the same as C<av_clear(av)>.
748 Perl_av_fill(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 fill)
757 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
761 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
764 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
767 call_method("STORESIZE", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
773 if (fill <= AvMAX(av)) {
774 I32 key = AvFILLp(av);
775 SV** const ary = AvARRAY(av);
779 SvREFCNT_dec(ary[key]);
780 ary[key--] = &PL_sv_undef;
785 ary[++key] = &PL_sv_undef;
793 (void)av_store(av,fill,&PL_sv_undef);
797 =for apidoc av_delete
799 Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
800 deleted element. If C<flags> equals C<G_DISCARD>, the element is freed
801 and null is returned.
806 Perl_av_delete(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key, I32 flags)
814 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
816 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
817 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
818 if ((tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata))) {
819 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
822 unsigned adjust_index = 1;
824 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
825 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
827 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
828 if (negative_indices_glob
829 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
833 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
838 svp = av_fetch(av, key, TRUE);
842 if (mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem)) {
843 sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem); /* No longer an element */
852 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
857 if (key > AvFILLp(av))
860 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
862 sv = AvARRAY(av)[key];
863 if (key == AvFILLp(av)) {
864 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef;
867 } while (--key >= 0 && AvARRAY(av)[key] == &PL_sv_undef);
870 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef;
874 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
884 =for apidoc av_exists
886 Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
888 This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to
894 Perl_av_exists(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key)
899 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
900 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
901 if (tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata)) {
902 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
904 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
906 unsigned adjust_index = 1;
908 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
909 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
911 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
912 if (negative_indices_glob
913 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
917 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
923 mg_copy((SV*)av, sv, 0, key);
924 mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem);
926 magic_existspack(sv, mg);
927 return (bool)SvTRUE(sv);
934 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
939 if (key <= AvFILLp(av) && AvARRAY(av)[key] != &PL_sv_undef
949 S_get_aux_mg(pTHX_ AV *av) {
955 mg = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p);
958 mg = sv_magicext((SV*)av, 0, PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p, &PL_vtbl_arylen_p,
961 /* sv_magicext won't set this for us because we pass in a NULL obj */
962 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
968 Perl_av_arylen_p(pTHX_ AV *av) {
969 MAGIC *const mg = get_aux_mg(av);
970 return &(mg->mg_obj);
974 Perl_av_iter_p(pTHX_ AV *av) {
975 MAGIC *const mg = get_aux_mg(av);
976 #if IVSIZE == I32SIZE
977 return (IV *)&(mg->mg_len);
983 mg->mg_ptr = (char *) temp;
985 return (IV *)mg->mg_ptr;
991 * c-indentation-style: bsd
993 * indent-tabs-mode: t
996 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: