3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
12 * "...for the Entwives desired order, and plenty, and peace (by which they
13 * meant that things should remain where they had set them)." --Treebeard
17 =head1 Array Manipulation Functions
25 Perl_av_reify(pTHX_ AV *av)
35 if (SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied) && ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING))
36 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING), "av_reify called on tied array");
39 while (key > AvFILLp(av) + 1)
40 AvARRAY(av)[--key] = &PL_sv_undef;
42 SV * const sv = AvARRAY(av)[--key];
44 if (sv != &PL_sv_undef)
45 SvREFCNT_inc_simple_void_NN(sv);
47 key = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
49 AvALLOC(av)[--key] = &PL_sv_undef;
57 Pre-extend an array. The C<key> is the index to which the array should be
64 Perl_av_extend(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key)
71 mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
76 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
79 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
80 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(key+1)));
82 call_method("EXTEND", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
88 if (key > AvMAX(av)) {
93 if (AvALLOC(av) != AvARRAY(av)) {
94 ary = AvALLOC(av) + AvFILLp(av) + 1;
95 tmp = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
96 Move(AvARRAY(av), AvALLOC(av), AvFILLp(av)+1, SV*);
98 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
101 ary[--tmp] = &PL_sv_undef;
103 if (key > AvMAX(av) - 10) {
104 newmax = key + AvMAX(av);
109 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
110 static const char oom_array_extend[] =
111 "Out of memory during array extend"; /* Duplicated in pp_hot.c */
115 #if !defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) && !defined(MYMALLOC)
121 newmax = malloced_size((void*)AvALLOC(av))/sizeof(SV*) - 1;
126 newmax = key + AvMAX(av) / 5;
128 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(newmax+1, SV*, oom_array_extend);
129 #if defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) || defined(MYMALLOC)
130 Renew(AvALLOC(av),newmax+1, SV*);
132 bytes = (newmax + 1) * sizeof(SV*);
133 #define MALLOC_OVERHEAD 16
134 itmp = MALLOC_OVERHEAD;
135 while ((MEM_SIZE)(itmp - MALLOC_OVERHEAD) < bytes)
137 itmp -= MALLOC_OVERHEAD;
139 assert(itmp > newmax);
141 assert(newmax >= AvMAX(av));
142 Newx(ary, newmax+1, SV*);
143 Copy(AvALLOC(av), ary, AvMAX(av)+1, SV*);
145 offer_nice_chunk(AvALLOC(av), (AvMAX(av)+1) * sizeof(SV*));
147 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
153 ary = AvALLOC(av) + AvMAX(av) + 1;
154 tmp = newmax - AvMAX(av);
155 if (av == PL_curstack) { /* Oops, grew stack (via av_store()?) */
156 PL_stack_sp = AvALLOC(av) + (PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base);
157 PL_stack_base = AvALLOC(av);
158 PL_stack_max = PL_stack_base + newmax;
162 newmax = key < 3 ? 3 : key;
163 MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(newmax+1, SV*, oom_array_extend);
164 Newx(AvALLOC(av), newmax+1, SV*);
165 ary = AvALLOC(av) + 1;
167 AvALLOC(av)[0] = &PL_sv_undef; /* For the stacks */
171 ary[--tmp] = &PL_sv_undef;
174 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
183 Returns the SV at the specified index in the array. The C<key> is the
184 index. If C<lval> is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check
185 that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a C<SV*>.
187 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
188 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
194 Perl_av_fetch(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 key, I32 lval)
200 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
201 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
202 if (tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata)) {
205 I32 adjust_index = 1;
207 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
208 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
209 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av, tied_magic))),
210 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
212 if (negative_indices_glob && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
217 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
224 sv_upgrade(sv, SVt_PVLV);
225 mg_copy((SV*)av, sv, 0, key);
227 LvTARG(sv) = sv; /* fake (SV**) */
228 return &(LvTARG(sv));
233 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
238 if (key > AvFILLp(av)) {
241 return av_store(av,key,newSV(0));
243 if (AvARRAY(av)[key] == &PL_sv_undef) {
246 return av_store(av,key,newSV(0));
250 && (!AvARRAY(av)[key] /* eg. @_ could have freed elts */
251 || SvIS_FREED(AvARRAY(av)[key]))) {
252 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef; /* 1/2 reify */
255 return &AvARRAY(av)[key];
261 Stores an SV in an array. The array index is specified as C<key>. The
262 return value will be NULL if the operation failed or if the value did not
263 need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied
264 arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original C<SV*>. Note
265 that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference
266 count of C<val> before the call, and decrementing it if the function
269 See L<perlguts/"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays"> for
270 more information on how to use this function on tied arrays.
276 Perl_av_store(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 key, SV *val)
283 /* S_regclass relies on being able to pass in a NULL sv
284 (unicode_alternate may be NULL).
290 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
291 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
293 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
295 bool adjust_index = 1;
296 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
297 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
299 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
300 if (negative_indices_glob
301 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
304 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
309 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
310 mg_copy((SV*)av, val, 0, key);
318 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
323 if (SvREADONLY(av) && key >= AvFILL(av))
324 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
326 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
331 if (AvFILLp(av) < key) {
333 if (av == PL_curstack && key > PL_stack_sp - PL_stack_base)
334 PL_stack_sp = PL_stack_base + key; /* XPUSH in disguise */
336 ary[++AvFILLp(av)] = &PL_sv_undef;
337 } while (AvFILLp(av) < key);
342 SvREFCNT_dec(ary[key]);
344 if (SvSMAGICAL(av)) {
345 if (val != &PL_sv_undef) {
346 const MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(av);
347 sv_magic(val, (SV*)av, toLOWER(mg->mg_type), 0, key);
357 Creates a new AV. The reference count is set to 1.
365 register AV * const av = (AV*)newSV(0);
367 sv_upgrade((SV *)av, SVt_PVAV);
368 /* sv_upgrade does AvREAL_only() */
371 AvMAX(av) = AvFILLp(av) = -1;
378 Creates a new AV and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied
379 into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new AV
380 will have a reference count of 1.
386 Perl_av_make(pTHX_ register I32 size, register SV **strp)
388 register AV * const av = (AV*)newSV(0);
390 sv_upgrade((SV *) av,SVt_PVAV);
391 /* sv_upgrade does AvREAL_only() */
392 if (size) { /* "defined" was returning undef for size==0 anyway. */
398 AvFILLp(av) = AvMAX(av) = size - 1;
399 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
402 sv_setsv(ary[i], *strp);
412 Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the
419 Perl_av_clear(pTHX_ register AV *av)
426 if (SvREFCNT(av) == 0 && ckWARN_d(WARN_DEBUGGING)) {
427 Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_DEBUGGING), "Attempt to clear deleted array");
432 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
434 /* Give any tie a chance to cleanup first */
442 SV** const ary = AvARRAY(av);
443 I32 index = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
445 SV * const sv = ary[--index];
446 /* undef the slot before freeing the value, because a
447 * destructor might try to modify this array */
448 ary[index] = &PL_sv_undef;
452 extra = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
455 AvARRAY(av) = AvALLOC(av);
464 Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself.
470 Perl_av_undef(pTHX_ register AV *av)
474 /* Give any tie a chance to cleanup first */
475 if (SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
476 av_fill(av, -1); /* mg_clear() ? */
479 register I32 key = AvFILLp(av) + 1;
481 SvREFCNT_dec(AvARRAY(av)[--key]);
483 Safefree(AvALLOC(av));
486 AvMAX(av) = AvFILLp(av) = -1;
492 Pushes an SV onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically
493 to accommodate the addition.
499 Perl_av_push(pTHX_ register AV *av, SV *val)
506 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
508 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
510 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
513 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
517 call_method("PUSH", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
522 av_store(av,AvFILLp(av)+1,val);
528 Pops an SV off the end of the array. Returns C<&PL_sv_undef> if the array
535 Perl_av_pop(pTHX_ register AV *av)
544 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
545 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
547 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
549 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
552 if (call_method("POP", G_SCALAR)) {
553 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
555 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
563 retval = AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)];
564 AvARRAY(av)[AvFILLp(av)--] = &PL_sv_undef;
571 =for apidoc av_unshift
573 Unshift the given number of C<undef> values onto the beginning of the
574 array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You
575 must then use C<av_store> to assign values to these new elements.
581 Perl_av_unshift(pTHX_ register AV *av, register I32 num)
590 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
592 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
594 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
597 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
603 call_method("UNSHIFT", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
611 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
613 i = AvARRAY(av) - AvALLOC(av);
621 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) - i;
627 /* Create extra elements */
628 slide = i > 0 ? i : 0;
630 av_extend(av, i + num);
633 Move(ary, ary + num, i + 1, SV*);
635 ary[--num] = &PL_sv_undef;
637 /* Make extra elements into a buffer */
639 AvFILLp(av) -= slide;
640 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) + slide;
647 Shifts an SV off the beginning of the array.
653 Perl_av_shift(pTHX_ register AV *av)
662 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
663 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
665 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
667 XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
670 if (call_method("SHIFT", G_SCALAR)) {
671 retval = newSVsv(*PL_stack_sp--);
673 retval = &PL_sv_undef;
681 retval = *AvARRAY(av);
683 *AvARRAY(av) = &PL_sv_undef;
684 AvARRAY(av) = AvARRAY(av) + 1;
695 Returns the highest index in the array. The number of elements in the
696 array is C<av_len(av) + 1>. Returns -1 if the array is empty.
702 Perl_av_len(pTHX_ register const AV *av)
711 Set the highest index in the array to the given number, equivalent to
712 Perl's C<$#array = $fill;>.
714 The number of elements in the an array will be C<fill + 1> after
715 av_fill() returns. If the array was previously shorter then the
716 additional elements appended are set to C<PL_sv_undef>. If the array
717 was longer, then the excess elements are freed. C<av_fill(av, -1)> is
718 the same as C<av_clear(av)>.
723 Perl_av_fill(pTHX_ register AV *av, I32 fill)
732 if ((mg = SvTIED_mg((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied))) {
736 PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
739 PUSHs(SvTIED_obj((SV*)av, mg));
740 PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(fill+1)));
742 call_method("STORESIZE", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
748 if (fill <= AvMAX(av)) {
749 I32 key = AvFILLp(av);
750 SV** const ary = AvARRAY(av);
754 SvREFCNT_dec(ary[key]);
755 ary[key--] = &PL_sv_undef;
760 ary[++key] = &PL_sv_undef;
768 (void)av_store(av,fill,&PL_sv_undef);
772 =for apidoc av_delete
774 Deletes the element indexed by C<key> from the array. Returns the
775 deleted element. If C<flags> equals C<G_DISCARD>, the element is freed
776 and null is returned.
781 Perl_av_delete(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key, I32 flags)
789 Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
791 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
792 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
793 if ((tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata))) {
794 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
797 unsigned adjust_index = 1;
799 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
800 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
802 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
803 if (negative_indices_glob
804 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
808 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
813 svp = av_fetch(av, key, TRUE);
817 if (mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem)) {
818 sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem); /* No longer an element */
827 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
832 if (key > AvFILLp(av))
835 if (!AvREAL(av) && AvREIFY(av))
837 sv = AvARRAY(av)[key];
838 if (key == AvFILLp(av)) {
839 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef;
842 } while (--key >= 0 && AvARRAY(av)[key] == &PL_sv_undef);
845 AvARRAY(av)[key] = &PL_sv_undef;
849 if (flags & G_DISCARD) {
859 =for apidoc av_exists
861 Returns true if the element indexed by C<key> has been initialized.
863 This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to
869 Perl_av_exists(pTHX_ AV *av, I32 key)
874 if (SvRMAGICAL(av)) {
875 const MAGIC * const tied_magic = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_tied);
876 if (tied_magic || mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_regdata)) {
877 SV * const sv = sv_newmortal();
879 /* Handle negative array indices 20020222 MJD */
881 unsigned adjust_index = 1;
883 SV * const * const negative_indices_glob =
884 hv_fetch(SvSTASH(SvRV(SvTIED_obj((SV *)av,
886 NEGATIVE_INDICES_VAR, 16, 0);
887 if (negative_indices_glob
888 && SvTRUE(GvSV(*negative_indices_glob)))
892 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
898 mg_copy((SV*)av, sv, 0, key);
899 mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem);
901 magic_existspack(sv, mg);
902 return (bool)SvTRUE(sv);
909 key += AvFILL(av) + 1;
914 if (key <= AvFILLp(av) && AvARRAY(av)[key] != &PL_sv_undef
924 Perl_av_arylen_p(pTHX_ AV *av) {
930 mg = mg_find((SV*)av, PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p);
933 mg = sv_magicext((SV*)av, 0, PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p, &PL_vtbl_arylen_p,
936 /* sv_magicext won't set this for us because we pass in a NULL obj */
937 mg->mg_flags |= MGf_REFCOUNTED;
939 return &(mg->mg_obj);
944 * c-indentation-style: bsd
946 * indent-tabs-mode: t
949 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet: