1 Last Revised 21-July-1998 by Dan Sugalski <sugalskd@ous.edu>
2 Originally by Charles Bailey <bailey@newman.upenn.edu>
6 The build and install procedures have changed significantly from the 5.004
7 releases! Make sure you read the "Building Perl" and "Installing Perl"
8 sections before you build or install.
10 Also note that, as of 5.005, an ANSI C compliant compiler is required to
11 build Perl. Vax C is *not* ANSI compliant, as it died a natural death some
12 time before the standard was set. Therefore Vax C will not compile perl
13 5.005. Sorry about that.
15 If you're stuck without Dec C (the Vax C license should be good for Dec C,
16 but the media charges might prohibit an upgrade), consider getting Gnu C
21 The VMS port of Perl is as functionally complete as any other Perl port
22 (and as complete as the ports on some Unix systems). The Perl binaries
23 provide all the Perl system calls that are either available under VMS or
24 reasonably emulated. There are some incompatibilites in process handling
25 (e.g the fork/exec model for creating subprocesses doesn't do what you
26 might expect under Unix), mainly because VMS and Unix handle processes and
27 sub-processes very differently.
29 There are still some unimplemented system functions, and of coursse we
30 could use modules implementing useful VMS system services, so if you'd like
31 to lend a hand we'd love to have you. Join the Perl Porting Team Now!
33 The current sources and build procedures have been tested on a VAX using
34 Dec C, and on an AXP using Dec C. If you run into problems with
35 other compilers, please let us know.
37 There are issues with varions versions of Dec C, so if you're not running a
38 relatively modern version, check the Dec C issues section later on in this
41 * Other required software
43 In addition to VMS, you'll need:
44 1) A C compiler. Dec C or gcc for AXP or the VAX.
45 2) A make tool. Dec's MMS (v2.6 or later), or MadGoat's free MMS
46 analog MMK (available from ftp.madgoat.com/madgoat) both work
47 just fine. Gnu Make might work, but it's been so long since
48 anyone's tested it that we're not sure. MMK's free, though, so
49 go ahead and use that.
51 You may also want to have on hand:
52 1) UNZIP.EXE for VMS available from a number of web/ftp sites.
53 http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/UnZip.html
54 http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/INFO-ZIP/
55 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS/
56 ftp://ftp.openvms.digital.com/
57 ftp://ftp.madgoat.com/madgoat/
58 ftp://ftp.wku.edu/vms/
59 2) GUNZIP/GZIP.EXE for VMS available from a number of web/ftp sites.
60 http://www.fsf.org/order/ftp.html
61 ftp://ftp.uu.net/archive/systems/gnu/diffutils*.tar.gz
62 ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/GNU/diffutils*.tar.gz
63 ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/diffutils*.tar.gz
64 http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/GZIP/
65 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS/
66 3) VMS TAR also available from a number of web/ftp sites.
68 http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/VMSTAR/
69 ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS/
70 Please note that UNZIP and GUNZIP are not the same thing (they work with
71 different formats). Most of the useful files from CPAN (the Comprehensive
72 Perl Archive Network) are in .tar.gz format (this includes copies of the
73 source code for perl as well as modules and scripts that you may wish to
74 add later) hence you probably want to have GUNZIP.EXE and VMSTAR.EXE on
77 If you want to include socket support, you'll need a TCP stack and either
78 Dec C, or socket libraries. See the Socket Support topic for more details.
82 Building perl has two steps, configuration and compilation.
84 To configure perl (a necessary first step), issue the command
88 from the top of an unpacked perl directory. You'll be asked a series of
89 questions, and the answers to them (along with the capabilities of your C
90 compiler and network stack) will determine how perl's built.
92 If you've got multiple C compilers installed, you'll have your choice of
93 which one to use. Various older versions of Dec C had some gotchas, so if
94 you're using a version older than 5.2, check the Dec C Issues section.
96 The configuration script will print out, at the very end, the MMS or MMK
97 command you need to compile perl. Issue it (exactly as printed) to start
100 Once you issue your MMS command, sit back and wait. Perl should build and
101 link without a problem. If it doesn't, check the Gotchas to watch out for
102 section. If that doesn't help, send some mail to the VMSPERL mailing list.
103 Instructions are in the Mailing Lists section.
105 As a handy shortcut, the command:
109 (note the quotation marks and case) will choose reasonable defaults. (It
110 takes Dec C over Gnu C, Dec C sockets over SOCKETSHR sockets, and either
115 Once Perl has built cleanly, you need to test it to make sure things work.
116 This step is very important--there are always things that can go wrong
117 somehow and get you a dysfunctional Perl.
119 Testing is very easy, though, as there's a full test suite in the perl
120 distribution. To run the tests, enter the *exact* MMS line you used to
121 compile Perl and add the word "test" to the end, like this:
125 $MMS/Macro=("__AXP__=1","decc=1","DECCRTL_SOCKETS=1")
129 $MMS/Macro=("__AXP__=1","decc=1","DECCRTL_SOCKETS=1") test
131 MMS will run all the tests. This may take some time, as there are a lot of
132 tests. If any tests fail, there will be a note made on-screen. At the end
133 of all the tests, a summary of the tests, the number passed and failed, and
134 the time taken will be displayed.
136 If any tests fail, it means something's wrong with Perl. If the test suite
137 hangs (some tests can take upwards of two or three minutes, or more if
138 you're on an especially slow machine, depending on your machine speed, so
139 don't be hasty), then the test *after* the last one displayed failed. Don't
140 install Perl unless you're confident that you're OK. Regardless of how
141 confident you are, make a bug report to the VMSPerl mailing list.
143 If one or more tests fail, you can get more info on the failure by issuing
144 this command sequence:
146 $ @[.VMS]TEST .typ "-v" [.subdir]test.T
148 where ".typ" is the file type of the Perl images you just built (if you
149 didn't do anything special, use .EXE), and "[.subdir]test.T" is the test
150 that failed. For example, with a normal Perl build, if the test indicated
151 that [.op]time failed, then you'd do this:
153 $ @[.VMS]TEST .EXE "-v" [.OP]TIME.T
155 When you send in a bug report for failed tests, please include the output
156 from this command, which is run from the main source directory:
160 Note that "-V" really is a capital V in double quotes. This will dump out a
161 couple of screens worth of config info, and can help us diagnose the problem.
162 If (and only if) that did not work then try enclosing the output of:
166 * Cleaning up and starting fresh
168 If you need to recompile from scratch, you have to make sure you clean up
169 first. There's a procedure to do it--enter the *exact* MMS line you used to
170 compile and add "realclean" at the end, like this:
174 $MMS/Macro=("__AXP__=1","decc=1","DECCRTL_SOCKETS=1")
178 $MMS/Macro=("__AXP__=1","decc=1","DECCRTL_SOCKETS=1") realclean
180 If you don't do this, things may behave erratically. They might not, too,
181 so it's best to be sure and do it.
185 There are several steps you need to take to get Perl installed and
188 1) Create a directory somewhere and define the concealed logical PERL_ROOT
189 to point to it. For example, DEFINE/TRANS=(CONC,TERM) PERL_ROOT dka200:[perl.]
191 2) Run the install script via:
199 If for some reason it complains about target INSTALL being up to date,
200 throw a /FORCE switch on the MMS or MMK command.
202 The script [.VMS]PERL_SETUP.COM that is written by CONFIGURE.COM
203 will take care of most of the following:
205 3) Either define the symbol PERL somewhere, such as
206 SYS$MANAGER:SYLOGIN.COM, to be "PERL :== $PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL.EXE", or
207 install Perl into DCLTABLES.EXE (Check out the section "Installing Perl
208 into DCLTABLES" for more info), or put the image in a directory that's in
209 your DCL$PATH (if you're using VMS 6.2 or higher).
211 4) Either define the logical name PERLSHR somewhere
212 (such as in PERL_SETUP.COM) like so:
213 DEFINE/NOLOG PERLSHR PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERLSHR.EXE
214 or copy perl_root:[000000]perlshr.exe sys$share:.
216 5) Optionally define the command PERLDOC as
217 PERLDOC == "$PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL PERL_ROOT:[LIB.POD]PERLDOC.COM -t"
218 Note that if you wish to use most as a pager please see
219 ftp://space.mit.edu/pub/davis/ for both most and slang (or perhaps
220 ftp://ftp.wku.edu/vms/narnia/most.zip ).
222 6) Optionally define the command PERLBUG (the Perl bug report generator) as
223 PERLBUG == "$PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL PERL_ROOT:[LIB]PERLBUG.COM"
225 7) Optionally define the command POD2MAN (Converts POD files to nroff
226 source suitable for converting to man pages. Also quiets complaints during
229 DEFINE/NOLOG POD2MAN PERL_ROOT:[LIB.POD]POD2MAN.COM
230 POD2MAN == "$PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL POD2MAN"
232 8) Optionally define the command POD2TEXT (Converts POD files to text,
233 which is required for perldoc -f to work properly) as
235 DEFINE/NOLOG POD2TEXT PERL_ROOT:[LIB.POD]POD2TEXT.COM
236 POD2TEXT == "$PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL POD2TEXT"
238 In all these cases, if you've got PERL defined as a foreign command, you
239 can replace $PERL_ROOT:[000000]PERL with ''perl'. If you've installed perl
240 into DCLTABLES, replace it with just perl.
242 * Installing Perl into DCLTABLES
244 Execute the following command file to define PERL as a DCL command.
245 You'll need CMKRNL priv to install the new dcltables.exe.
249 ! modify to reflect location of your perl.exe
252 image perl_root:[000000]perl.exe
255 $ set command perl /table=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe -
256 /output=sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe
257 $ install replace sys$common:[syslib]dcltables.exe
260 * Changing compile-time things
262 Most of the user-definable features of Perl are enabled or disabled in
263 [.VMS]CONFIG.VMS. There's code in there to Do The Right Thing, but that may
264 end up being the wrong thing for you. Make sure you understand what you're
265 doing, since changes here can get you a busted perl.
267 Odds are that there's nothing here to change, unless you're on a version of
268 VMS later than 6.2 and Dec C later than 5.6. Even if you are, the correct
269 values will still be chosen, most likely. Poking around here should be
272 The one exception is the various *DIR install locations. Changing those
273 requires changes in genconfig.pl as well. Be really careful if you need to
274 change these, as they can cause some fairly subtle problems.
278 On systems that are using perl quite a bit, and particularly those with
279 minimal RAM, you can boost the performance of perl by INSTALLing it as
280 a known image. PERLSHR.EXE is typically larger than 1500 blocks
281 and that is a reasonably large amount of IO to load each time perl is
284 INSTALL ADD PERLSHR/SHARE
286 should be enough for PERLSHR.EXE (/share implies /header and /open),
287 while /HEADER should do for PERL.EXE (perl.exe is not a shared image).
289 If your code 'use's modules, check to see if there's an executable for
290 them, too. In the base perl build, POSIX, IO, Fcntl, Opcode, SDBM_File,
291 DCLsym, and Stdio all have shared images that can be installed /SHARE.
293 How much of a win depends on your memory situation, but if you're firing
294 off perl with any regularity (like more than once every 20 seconds or so)
297 While there is code in perl to remove privileges as it runs you are advised
298 to NOT INSTALL PERL.EXE with PRIVs!
300 * Extra things in the Perl distribution
302 In addition to the standard stuff that gets installed, there are two
303 optional extensions, DCLSYM and STDIO, that are handy. Instructions for
304 these two modules are in [.VMS.EXT.DCLSYM] and [.VMS.EXT.STDIO],
305 respectively. They are built automatically for versions of perl >= 5.005.
309 Perl includes a number of functions for IP sockets, which are available if
310 you choose to compile Perl with socket support (see the section Compiling
311 Perl for more info on selecting a socket stack). Since IP networking is an
312 optional addition to VMS, there are several different IP stacks
313 available. How well integrated they are into the system depends on the
314 stack, your version of VMS, and the version of your C compiler.
316 The most portable solution uses the SOCKETSHR library. In combination with
317 either UCX or NetLib, this supports all the major TCP stacks (Multinet,
318 Pathways, TCPWare, UCX, and CMU) on all versions of VMS Perl runs on, with
319 all the compilers on both VAX and Alpha. The socket interface is also
320 consistent across versions of VMS and C compilers. It has a problem with
321 UDP sockets when used with Multinet, though, so you should be aware of
324 The other solution available is to use the socket routines built into Dec
325 C. Which routines are available depend on the version of VMS you're
326 running, and require proper UCX emulation by your TCP/IP vendor.
327 Relatively current versions of Multinet, TCPWare, Pathway, and UCX all
328 provide the required libraries--check your manuals or release notes to see
329 if your version is new enough.
333 If you come across what you think might be a bug in Perl, please report
334 it. There's a script in PERL_ROOT:[UTILS], perlbug, that walks you through
335 the process of creating a bug report. This script includes details of your
336 installation, and is very handy. Completed bug reports should go to
339 * Gotchas to watch out for
341 Probably the single biggest gotcha in compiling Perl is giving the wrong
342 switches to MMS/MMK when you build. Use *exactly* what the configure script
345 The next big gotcha is directory depth. Perl can create directories four
346 and five levels deep during the build, so you don't have to be too deep to
347 start to hit the RMS 8 level point. It's best to do a
348 $DEFINE/TRANS=(CONC,TERM) PERLSRC disk:[dir.dir.dir.perldir.]" (note the
349 trailing period) and $SET DEFAULT PERLSRC:[000000] before building. Perl
350 modules can be just as bad (or worse), so watch out for them, too. The
351 configuration script will warn if it thinks you're too deep (at least on
352 versions of VMS prior to 7.2).
354 Finally, the third thing that bites people is leftover pieces from a failed
355 build. If things go wrong, make sure you do a "(MMK|MMS|make) realclean"
360 Note to DECC users: Some early versions (pre-5.2, some pre-4. If you're Dec
361 C 5.x or higher, with current patches if anym you're fine) of the DECCRTL
362 contained a few bugs which affect Perl performance:
363 - Newlines are lost on I/O through pipes, causing lines to run together.
364 This shows up as RMS RTB errors when reading from a pipe. You can
365 work around this by having one process write data to a file, and
366 then having the other read the file, instead of the pipe. This is
367 fixed in version 4 of DECC.
368 - The modf() routine returns a non-integral value for some values above
369 INT_MAX; the Perl "int" operator will return a non-integral value in
370 these cases. This is fixed in version 4 of DECC.
371 - On the AXP, if SYSNAM privilege is enabled, the CRTL chdir() routine
372 changes the process default device and directory permanently, even
373 though the call specified that the change should not persist after
374 Perl exited. This is fixed by DEC CSC patch AXPACRT04_061.
378 There are several mailing lists available to the Perl porter. For VMS
379 specific issues (including both Perl questions and installation problems)
380 there is the VMSPERL mailing list. It's usually a low-volume (10-12
381 messages a week) mailing list.
383 The subscription address is VMSPERL-REQUEST@NEWMAN.UPENN.EDU. Send a mail
384 message with just the words SUBSCRIBE VMSPERL in the body of the message.
386 The VMSPERL mailing list address is VMSPERL@NEWMAN.UPENN.EDU. Any mail
387 sent there gets echoed to all subscribers of the list.
389 To unsubscribe from VMSPERL send the message UNSUBSCRIBE VMSPERL to
390 VMSPERL-REQUEST@NEWMAN.UPENN.EDU. Be sure to do so from the subscribed
391 account that you are cancelling.
396 A real big thanks needs to go to Charles Bailey
397 <bailey@newman.upenn.edu>, who is ultimately responsible for Perl 5.004
398 running on VMS. Without him, nothing the rest of us have done would be at
401 There are, of course, far too many people involved in the porting and testing
402 of Perl to mention everyone who deserves it, so please forgive us if we've
403 missed someone. That said, special thanks are due to the following:
404 Tim Adye <T.J.Adye@rl.ac.uk>
405 for the VMS emulations of getpw*()
406 David Denholm <denholm@conmat.phys.soton.ac.uk>
407 for extensive testing and provision of pipe and SocketShr code,
408 Mark Pizzolato <mark@infocomm.com>
409 for the getredirection() code
410 Rich Salz <rsalz@bbn.com>
411 for readdir() and related routines
412 Peter Prymmer <pvhp@forte.com> or <pvhp@lns62.lns.cornell.edu>
413 for extensive testing, as well as development work on
414 configuration and documentation for VMS Perl,
415 Dan Sugalski <sugalskd@ous.edu>
416 for extensive contributions to recent version support,
417 development of VMS-specific extensions, and dissemination
418 of information about VMS Perl,
419 the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and the
420 Laboratory of Nuclear Studies at Cornell University for
421 the opportunity to test and develop for the AXP,
422 and to the entire VMSperl group for useful advice and suggestions. In
423 addition the perl5-porters deserve credit for their creativity and
424 willingness to work with the VMS newcomers. Finally, the greatest debt of
425 gratitude is due to Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, for having the ideas which
426 have made our sleepless nights possible.