1 If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
2 It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
3 designed to be readable as is.
7 README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
11 This document briefly describes perl under Mac OS X.
16 The latest Perl release (5.8.8 as of this writing) builds without changes
17 under Mac OS X. Under 10.3 "Panther" and newer OS versions, all self-tests
18 pass, and all standard features are supported.
20 Earlier Mac OS X releases (10.2 "Jaguar" and older) did not include a
21 completely thread-safe libc, so threading is not fully supported. Also,
22 earlier releases included a buggy libdb, so some of the DB_File tests
23 are known to fail on those releases.
26 =head2 Installation Prefix
28 The default installation location for this release uses the traditional
29 UNIX directory layout under /usr/local. This is the recommended location
30 for most users, and will leave the Apple-supplied Perl and its modules
33 Using an installation prefix of '/usr' will result in a directory layout
34 that mirrors that of Apple's default Perl, with core modules stored in
35 '/System/Library/Perl/${version}', CPAN modules stored in
36 '/Library/Perl/${version}', and the addition of
37 '/Network/Library/Perl/${version}' to @INC for modules that are stored
38 on a file server and used by many Macs.
43 First, export the path to the SDK into the build environment:
45 export SDK=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.3.9.sdk
47 Use an SDK by exporting some additions to Perl's 'ccflags' and '..flags'
50 ./Configure -Accflags="-nostdinc -B$SDK/usr/include/gcc \
51 -B$SDK/usr/lib/gcc -isystem$SDK/usr/include \
52 -F$SDK/System/Library/Frameworks" \
53 -Aldflags="-Wl,-syslibroot,$SDK" \
56 =head2 Universal Binary support
58 To compile perl as a universal binary (built for both ppc and intel), export
59 the SDK variable as above, selecting the 10.4u SDK:
61 export SDK=/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk
63 In addition to the compiler flags used to select the SDK, also add the flags
64 for creating a universal binary:
66 ./Configure -Accflags="-arch i686 -arch ppc -nostdinc -B$SDK/usr/include/gcc \
67 -B$SDK/usr/lib/gcc -isystem$SDK/usr/include \
68 -F$SDK/System/Library/Frameworks" \
69 -Aldflags="-arch i686 -arch ppc -Wl,-syslibroot,$SDK" \
72 Keep in mind that these compiler and linker settings will also be used when
73 building CPAN modules. For XS modules to be compiled as a universal binary, any
74 libraries it links to must also be universal binaries. The system libraries that
75 Apple includes with the 10.4u SDK are all universal, but user-installed libraries
76 may need to be re-installed as universal binaries.
78 =head2 64-bit PPC support
80 Follow the instructions in F<INSTALL> to build perl with support for 64-bit
81 integers (C<use64bitint>) or both 64-bit integers and 64-bit addressing
82 (C<use64bitall>). In the latter case, the resulting binary will run only
85 Support for 64-bit addressing is experimental: some aspects of Perl may be
86 omitted or buggy. Note the messages output by F<Configure> for further
87 information. Please use C<perlbug> to submit a problem report in the
88 event that you encounter difficulties.
90 When building 64-bit modules, it is your responsiblity to ensure that linked
91 external libraries and frameworks provide 64-bit support: if they do not,
92 module building may appear to succeed, but attempts to use the module will
93 result in run-time dynamic linking errors, and subsequent test failures.
94 You can use C<file> to discover the architectures supported by a library:
96 $ file libgdbm.3.0.0.dylib
97 libgdbm.3.0.0.dylib: Mach-O fat file with 2 architectures
98 libgdbm.3.0.0.dylib (for architecture ppc): Mach-O dynamically linked shared library ppc
99 libgdbm.3.0.0.dylib (for architecture ppc64): Mach-O 64-bit dynamically linked shared library ppc64
101 Note that this issue precludes the building of many Macintosh-specific CPAN
102 modules (C<Mac::*>), as the required Apple frameworks do not provide PPC64
103 support. Similarly, downloads from Fink or Darwinports are unlikely to provide
104 64-bit support; the libraries must be rebuilt from source with the appropriate
105 compiler and linker flags. For further information, see Apple's
106 I<64-Bit Transition Guide> at
107 L<http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Darwin/Conceptual/64bitPorting/index.html>.
109 =head2 libperl and Prebinding
111 Mac OS X ships with a dynamically-loaded libperl, but the default for
112 this release is to compile a static libperl. The reason for this is
113 pre-binding. Dynamic libraries can be pre-bound to a specific address in
114 memory in order to decrease load time. To do this, one needs to be aware
115 of the location and size of all previously-loaded libraries. Apple
116 collects this information as part of their overall OS build process, and
117 thus has easy access to it when building Perl, but ordinary users would
118 need to go to a great deal of effort to obtain the information needed
121 You can override the default and build a shared libperl if you wish
122 (S<Configure ... -Duseshrlib>), but the load time on pre-10.4 OS
123 releases will be greater than either the static library, or Apple's
124 pre-bound dynamic library.
126 With 10.4 "Tiger" and newer, Apple has all but eliminated the performance
127 penalty for non-prebound libraries.
130 =head2 Updating Apple's Perl
132 In a word - don't, at least without a *very* good reason. Your scripts
133 can just as easily begin with "#!/usr/local/bin/perl" as with
134 "#!/usr/bin/perl". Scripts supplied by Apple and other third parties as
135 part of installation packages and such have generally only been tested
136 with the /usr/bin/perl that's installed by Apple.
138 If you find that you do need to update the system Perl, one issue worth
139 keeping in mind is the question of static vs. dynamic libraries. If you
140 upgrade using the default static libperl, you will find that the dynamic
141 libperl supplied by Apple will not be deleted. If both libraries are
142 present when an application that links against libperl is built, ld will
143 link against the dynamic library by default. So, if you need to replace
144 Apple's dynamic libperl with a static libperl, you need to be sure to
145 delete the older dynamic library after you've installed the update.
148 =head2 Known problems
150 If you have installed extra libraries such as GDBM through Fink
151 (in other words, you have libraries under F</sw/lib>), or libdlcompat
152 to F</usr/local/lib>, you may need to be extra careful when running
153 Configure to not to confuse Configure and Perl about which libraries
154 to use. Being confused will show up for example as "dyld" errors about
155 symbol problems, for example during "make test". The safest bet is to run
158 Configure ... -Uloclibpth -Dlibpth=/usr/lib
160 to make Configure look only into the system libraries. If you have some
161 extra library directories that you really want to use (such as newer
162 Berkeley DB libraries in pre-Panther systems), add those to the libpth:
164 Configure ... -Uloclibpth -Dlibpth='/usr/lib /opt/lib'
166 The default of building Perl statically may cause problems with complex
167 applications like Tk: in that case consider building shared Perl
169 Configure ... -Duseshrplib
171 but remember that there's a startup cost to pay in that case (see above
172 "libperl and Prebinding").
174 Starting with Tiger (Mac OS X 10.4), Apple shipped broken locale files for
175 the eu_ES locale (Basque-Spain). In previous releases of Perl, this resulted in
176 failures in the C<lib/locale> test. These failures have been supressed
177 in the current release of Perl by making the test ignore the broken locale.
178 If you need to use the eu_ES locale, you should contact Apple support.
182 Quite a bit has been written about MacPerl, the Perl distribution for
183 "Classic MacOS" - that is, versions 9 and earlier of MacOS. Because it
184 runs in environment that's very different from that of UNIX, many things
185 are done differently in MacPerl. Modules are installed using a different
186 procedure, Perl itself is built differently, path names are different,
189 From the perspective of a Perl programmer, Mac OS X is more like a
190 traditional UNIX than Classic MacOS. If you find documentation that
191 refers to a special procedure that's needed for MacOS that's drastically
192 different from the instructions provided for UNIX, the MacOS
193 instructions are quite often intended for MacPerl on Classic MacOS. In
194 that case, the correct procedure on Mac OS X is usually to follow the
195 UNIX instructions, rather than the MacPerl instructions.
200 MacPerl ships with a number of modules that are used to access the
201 classic MacOS toolbox. Many of these modules have been updated to use
202 Mac OS X's newer "Carbon" toolbox, and are available from CPAN in the
203 "Mac::Carbon" module.
208 There are two ways to use Cocoa from Perl. Apple's PerlObjCBridge
209 module, included with Mac OS X, can be used by standalone scripts to
210 access Foundation (i.e. non-GUI) classes and objects.
212 An alternative is CamelBones, a framework that allows access to both
213 Foundation and AppKit classes and objects, so that full GUI applications
214 can be built in Perl. CamelBones can be found on SourceForge, at
215 L<http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/camelbones/>.
218 =head1 Starting From Scratch
220 Unfortunately it is not that difficult somehow manage to break one's
221 Mac OS X Perl rather severely. If all else fails and you want to
222 really, B<REALLY>, start from scratch and remove even your Apple Perl
223 installation (which has become corrupted somehow), the following
224 instructions should do it. B<Please think twice before following
225 these instructions: they are much like conducting brain surgery to
226 yourself. Without anesthesia.> We will B<not> come to fix your system
229 First, get rid of the libperl.dylib:
231 # cd /System/Library/Perl/darwin/CORE
234 Then delete every .bundle file found anywhere in the folders:
239 You can find them for example by
241 # find /System/Library/Perl /Library/Perl -name '*.bundle' -print
243 After this you can either copy Perl from your operating system media
244 (you will need at least the /System/Library/Perl and /usr/bin/perl),
245 or rebuild Perl from the source code with C<Configure -Dprefix=/usr
246 -Dusershrplib> NOTE: the C<-Dprefix=/usr> to replace the system Perl
247 works much better with Perl 5.8.1 and later, in Perl 5.8.0 the
248 settings were not quite right.
250 "Pacifist" from CharlesSoft (L<http://www.charlessoft.com/>) is a nice
251 way to extract the Perl binaries from the OS media, without having to
252 reinstall the entire OS.
257 This README was written by Sherm Pendley E<lt>sherm@dot-app.orgE<gt>,
258 and subsequently updated by Dominic Dunlop E<lt>domo@computer.orgE<gt>.
259 The "Starting From Scratch" recipe was contributed by John Montbriand
260 E<lt>montbriand@apple.comE<gt>.
264 Last modified 2006-02-24.