1 If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
2 It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
3 designed to be readable as is.
7 README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems
11 This document describes various features of HP's Unix operating system
12 (HP-UX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is
15 =head2 Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
17 As of application release September 2001, HP-UX 11.00 is shipped with
18 perl-5.6.1 in /opt/perl. The first occurrence is on CD 5012-7954 and
19 can be installed using
21 swinstall -s /cdrom perl
23 assuming you have mounted that CD on /cdrom. In this version the
24 following modules are installed:
26 ActivePerl::DocTools-0.04 HTML::Parser-3.19 XML::DOM-1.25
27 Archive::Tar-0.072 HTML::Tagset-3.03 XML::Parser-2.27
28 Compress::Zlib-1.08 MIME::Base64-2.11 XML::Simple-1.05
29 Convert::ASN1-0.10 Net-1.07 XML::XPath-1.09
30 Digest::MD5-2.11 PPM-2.1.5 XML::XSLT-0.32
31 File::CounterFile-0.12 SOAP::Lite-0.46 libwww-perl-5.51
32 Font::AFM-1.18 Storable-1.011 libxml-perl-0.07
33 HTML-Tree-3.11 URI-1.11 perl-ldap-0.23
35 The build is a portable hppa-1.1 multithread build that supports large
36 files compiled with gcc-2.9-hppa-991112
38 If you perform a new installation, then Perl will be installed
41 =head2 Using perl from HP's porting centre
43 HP porting centre tries very hard to keep up with customer demand and
44 release updates from the Open Source community. Having precompiled
45 Perl binaries available is obvious.
47 The HP porting centres are limited in what systems they are allowed
48 to port to and they usually choose the two most recent OS versions
49 available. This means that at the moment of writing, there are only
50 HPUX-11.00 and 11-20/22 (IA64) ports available on the porting centres.
52 HP has asked the porting centre to move Open Source binaries
53 from /opt to /usr/local, so binaries produced since the start
54 of July 2002 are located in /usr/local.
56 One of HP porting centres URL's is http://hpux.connect.org.uk/
57 The port currently available is built with GNU gcc.
59 =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
61 When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. The C compiler
62 that ships with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that should only be
63 used to build new kernels.
65 Perl can be compiled with either HP's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. The
66 former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no
67 difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that
68 require the use of HP compiler-specific command-line flags.
70 If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
71 complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific
76 HP's current Unix systems run on its own Precision Architecture
77 (PA-RISC) chip. HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of
78 chips, but any machine with this chip in it is quite obsolete and this
79 document will not attempt to address issues for compiling Perl on the
82 The most recent version of PA-RISC at the time of this document's last
85 A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file
86 /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models. The first column corresponds to the last
87 part of the output of the "model" command. The second column is the
88 PA-RISC version and the third column is the exact chip type used.
89 (Start browsing at the bottom to prevent confusion ;-)
93 # grep L1000-44 /usr/sam/lib/mo/sched.models
98 The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any system with this chip.
100 The following systems contained PA-RISC 1.0 chips:
102 600, 635, 645, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, 842, 845, 850,
103 852, 855, 860, 865, 870, 890
107 An upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it shipped for many years in many different
110 The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips:
112 705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 742, 743, 744, 745,
113 747, 750, 755, 770, 777, 778, 779, 800, 801, 803, 806, 807, 809, 811,
114 813, 816, 817, 819, 821, 826, 827, 829, 831, 837, 839, 841, 847, 849,
115 851, 856, 857, 859, 867, 869, 877, 887, 891, 892, 897, A180, A180C,
116 B115, B120, B132L, B132L+, B160L, B180L, C100, C110, C115, C120,
117 C160L, D200, D210, D220, D230, D250, D260, D310, D320, D330, D350,
118 D360, D410, DX0, DX5, DXO, E25, E35, E45, E55, F10, F20, F30, G30,
119 G40, G50, G60, G70, H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, I30, I40, I50, I60,
120 I70, J200, J210, J210XC, K100, K200, K210, K220, K230, K400, K410,
121 K420, S700i, S715, S744, S760, T500, T520
125 The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for
128 As of the date of this document's last update, the following systems
129 contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips:
131 700, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 802, 804, 810, 820, 861, 871, 879, 889,
132 893, 895, 896, 898, 899, A400, A500, B1000, B2000, C130, C140, C160,
133 C180, C180+, C180-XP, C200+, C400+, C3000, C360, C3600, CB260, D270,
134 D280, D370, D380, D390, D650, J220, J2240, J280, J282, J400, J410,
135 J5000, J5500XM, J5600, J7000, J7600, K250, K260, K260-EG, K270, K360,
136 K370, K380, K450, K460, K460-EG, K460-XP, K470, K570, K580, L1000,
137 L2000, L3000, N4000, R380, R390, RP2400, RP2405, RP2430, RP2450,
138 RP2470, RP5400, RP5405, RP5430, RP5450, RP5470, RP7400, RP7405,
139 RP7410, RP8400, SD16000, SD32000, SD64000, T540, T600, V2000, V2200,
142 Just before HP took over Compaq, some systems were renamed. Visit
143 http://www.hp.com/products1/servers/server_names.html to see what
144 the changes are, or will be.
146 HP 9000 A-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp2400 series.
147 HP 9000 L-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp5400 series.
148 HP 9000 N-Class servers, now renamed HP Server rp7400.
152 HP also ships servers with the 128-bit Itanium processor(s). As of the
153 date of this document's last update, the following systems contain
154 Itanium chips (this is very likely to be out of date):
156 RX2600, RX4610, RX5670, RX9610
158 =head2 Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
160 An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a
161 PA-RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running the same version of
162 HP-UX. If you are building Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that
163 Perl to also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and
164 +DS32 should be used.
166 It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either
167 the PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms. The command-line flags are accepted,
168 but the resulting executable will not run when transferred to a PA-RISC
171 =head2 Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
173 HP-UX also runs on the new Itanium processor. This requires the use
174 of a different version of HP-UX (currently 11.20), and with the exception
175 of a few differences detailed below and in later sections, Perl should
176 compile with no problems.
178 Although PA-RISC binaries can run on Itanium systems, you should not
179 attempt to use a PA-RISC version of Perl on an Itanium system. This is
180 because shared libraries created on an Itanium system cannot be loaded
181 while running a PA-RISC executable.
183 =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
185 HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared libraries).
186 Shared libraries end with the suffix .sl. On Itanium systems,
187 they end with the suffix .so.
189 Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC
190 version are not usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by
191 default. However, this backwards compatibility may be enabled using the
192 same +DAportable compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat
195 Shared libraries created on an Itanium platform cannot be loaded on
196 a PA-RISC platform. Shared libraries created on a PA-RISC platform
197 can only be loaded on an Itanium platform if it is a PA-RISC executable
198 that is attempting to load the PA-RISC library. A PA-RISC shared
199 library cannot be loaded into an Itanium executable nor vice-versa.
201 To create a shared library, the following steps must be performed:
203 1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module
204 which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will
205 tell you in the next step if +Z was needed.
206 (For gcc, the appropriate flag is -fpic or -fPIC.)
208 2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls
209 any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must
210 be included on this line.
212 (Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by the extension's
215 If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared library creation
216 time, you will get fatal "Unresolved symbol" errors at run time when the
219 You may create a shared library that refers to another library, which
220 may be either an archive library or a shared library. If this second
221 library is a shared library, this is called a "dependent library". The
222 dependent library's name is recorded in the main shared library, but it
223 is not linked into the shared library. Instead, it is loaded when the
224 main shared library is loaded. This can cause problems if you build an
225 extension on one system and move it to another system where the
226 libraries may not be located in the same place as on the first system.
228 If the referred library is an archive library, then it is treated as a
229 simple collection of .o modules (all of which must contain PIC). These
230 modules are then linked into the shared library.
232 Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent
233 library that is already linked into perl.
235 Some extensions, like DB_File and Compress::Zlib use/require prebuilt
236 libraries for the perl extensions/modules to work. If these libraries
237 are built using the default configuration, it might happen that you
238 run into an error like "invalid loader fixup" during load phase.
239 HP is aware of this problem. Search the HP-UX cxx-dev forums for
240 discussions about the subject. The short answer is that B<everything>
241 (all libraries, everything) must be compiled with C<+z> or C<+Z> to be
242 PIC (position independent code). (For gcc, that would be
243 C<-fpic> or C<-fPIC>). In HP-UX 11.00 or newer the linker
244 error message should tell the name of the offending object file.
246 A more general approach is to intervene manually, as with an example for
247 the DB_File module, which requires SleepyCat's libdb.sl:
249 # cd .../db-3.2.9/build_unix
251 ... add +Z to all cflags to create shared objects
252 CFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \
253 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6
254 CXXFLAGS= -c $(CPPFLAGS) +Z -Ae +O2 +Onolimit \
255 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include/X11R6
262 # ld -b -o libdb-3.2.sl *.o
263 # mv libdb-3.2.sl /usr/local/lib
267 # ln -s libdb-3.2.sl libdb.sl
269 # cd .../DB_File-1.76
276 It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries (even
277 though the command-line flags are still present).
279 PA-RISC and Itanium object files are not interchangeable. Although
280 you may be able to use ar to create an archive library of PA-RISC
281 object files on an Itanium system, you cannot link against it using
282 an Itanium link editor.
284 =head2 The HP ANSI C Compiler
286 When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that the
287 flag -Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the config.sh
288 file (though see the section on 64-bit perl below). If you are using a
289 recent version of the Perl distribution, these flags are set automatically.
291 =head2 The GNU C Compiler
293 When you are going to use the GNU C compiler (gcc), and you don't have
294 gcc yet, you can either build it yourself from the sources (available
295 from e.g. http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/software/gcc/releases.html) or fetch
296 a prebuilt binary from the HP porting center. There are two places where
297 gcc prebuilds can be fetched; the first and best (for HP-UX 11 only) is
298 http://h21007.www2.hp.com/dspp/tech/tech_TechSoftwareDetailPage_IDX/1,1703,547,00.html
299 the second is http://hpux.cs.utah.edu/hppd/hpux/Gnu/ where you can also
300 find the GNU binutils package. (Browse through the list, because there
301 are often multiple versions of the same package available).
303 Above mentioned distributions are depots. H.Merijn Brand has made prebuilt
304 gcc binaries available on https://www.beepz.com/personal/merijn/ for
305 HP-UX 10.20 and HP-UX 11.00 in both 32- and 64-bit versions. These are
306 bzipped tar archives that also include recent GNU binutils and GNU gdb.
307 Read the instructions on that page to rebuild gcc using itself.
309 Building a 64bit capable gcc from source is possible only when you have
310 the HP C-ANSI C compiler available, which you should use anyway when
313 =head2 Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
315 Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31 bytes)
316 may be created and manipulated. Three separate methods of doing this
317 are available. Of these methods, the best method for Perl is to compile
318 using the -Duselargefiles flag to Configure. This causes Perl to be
319 compiled using structures and functions in which these are 64 bits wide,
320 rather than 32 bits wide. (Note that this will only work with HP's ANSI
321 C compiler. If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get
322 a version of the compiler that support 64-bit operations. See above for
325 There are some drawbacks to this approach. One is that any extension
326 which calls any file-manipulating C function will need to be recompiled
327 (just follow the usual "perl Makefile.PL; make; make test; make install"
330 The list of functions that will need to recompiled is:
331 creat, fgetpos, fopen,
332 freopen, fsetpos, fstat,
333 fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate,
336 open, prealloc, stat,
337 statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile,
338 truncate, getrlimit, setrlimit
340 Another drawback is only valid for Perl versions before 5.6.0. This
341 drawback is that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version
342 and POSIX module version) will not perform correctly.
344 It is strongly recommended that you use this flag when you run
345 Configure. If you do not do this, but later answer the question about
346 large files when Configure asks you, you may get a configuration that
347 cannot be compiled, or that does not function as expected.
349 =head2 Threaded Perl on HP-UX
351 It is possible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of
352 HP-UX before 10.30, but it is strongly suggested that you be running on
353 HP-UX 11.00 at least.
355 To compile Perl with threads, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of
356 Configure. Verify that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is
357 automatically added to the list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread
358 is listed before -lc in the list of libraries to link Perl with. The
359 hints provided for HP-UX during Configure will try very hard to get
362 HP-UX versions before 10.30 require a separate installation of a POSIX
363 threads library package. Two examples are the HP DCE package, available
364 on "HP-UX Hardware Extensions 3.0, Install and Core OS, Release 10.20,
365 April 1999 (B3920-13941)" or the Freely available PTH package, available
366 though worldwide HP-UX mirrors of precompiled packages
367 (e.g. http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/hppd/hpux/)
369 If you are going to use the HP DCE package, the library used for threading
370 is /usr/lib/libcma.sl, but there have been multiple updates of that
371 library over time. Perl will build with the first version, but it
372 will not pass the test suite. Older Oracle versions might be a compelling
373 reason not to update that library, otherwise please find a newer version
374 in one of the following patches: PHSS_19739, PHSS_20608, or PHSS_23672
378 d3:/usr/lib 106 > what libcma-*.1
380 HP DCE/9000 1.5 Module: libcma.sl (Export)
381 Date: Apr 29 1996 22:11:24
383 HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_19739-40 Module: libcma.sl (Export)
384 Date: Sep 4 1999 01:59:07
386 HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_20608 Module: libcma.1 (Export)
387 Date: Dec 8 1999 18:41:23
389 HP DCE/9000 1.5 PHSS_23672 Module: libcma.1 (Export)
390 Date: Apr 9 2001 10:01:06
394 =head2 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
396 Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take
397 advantage of the LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and
398 Pointers are 64 bits wide).
400 Work is being performed on Perl to make it 64-bit compliant on all
401 versions of Unix. Once this is complete, scalar variables will be able
402 to hold numbers larger than 2^32 with complete precision.
404 As of the date of this document, Perl is not 64-bit compliant on HP-UX.
406 Should a user wish to experiment with compiling Perl in the LP64
407 environment, use the -Duse64bitall flag to Configure. This will force
408 Perl to be compiled in a pure LP64 environment (via the +DD64 flag).
410 You can also use the -Duse64bitint flag to Configure. Although there
411 are some minor differences between compiling Perl with this flag versus
412 the -Duse64bitall flag, they should not be noticeable from a Perl user's
415 In both cases, it is strongly recommended that you use these flags when
416 you run Configure. If you do not use do this, but later answer the
417 questions about 64-bit numbers when Configure asks you, you may get a
418 configuration that cannot be compiled, or that does not function as
421 (Note that these Configure flags will only work with HP's ANSI C
422 compiler. If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a
423 version of the compiler that support 64-bit operations.)
425 =head2 Oracle on HP-UX
427 Using perl to connect to Oracle databases through DBI and DBD::Oracle
428 has caused a lot of people many headaches. Read README.hpux in the
429 DBD::Oracle for much more information. The reason to mention it here
430 is that Oracle requires a perl built with libcl and libpthread, the
431 latter even when perl is build without threads. Building perl using
432 all defaults, but still enabling to build DBD::Oracle later on can be
435 Configure -A prepend:libswanted='cl pthread ' ...
437 Do not forget the space before the trailing quote.
439 Also note that this does not (yet) work with all configurations,
440 it is known to fail with 64bit versions of GCC.
442 =head2 GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
444 If you attempt to compile Perl with threads on an 11.X system and also
445 link in the GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump when it
446 starts up. The only workaround at this point is to relink the GDBM
447 library under 11.X, then relink it into Perl.
449 =head2 NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
451 If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test
452 io/fs.t may fail on test #18. This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no
453 fix is currently available.
455 =head2 perl -P and // and HP-UX
457 In HP-UX Perl is compiled with flags that will cause problems if the
458 -P flag of Perl (preprocess Perl code with the C preprocessor before
459 perl sees it) is used. The problem is that C<//>, being a C++-style
460 until-end-of-line comment, will disappear along with the remainder
461 of the line. This means that common Perl constructs like
465 will turn into illegal code
469 The workaround is to use some other quoting separator than C<"/">,
470 like for example C<"!">:
474 =head2 HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
476 By default, HP-UX comes configured with a maximum data segment size of
477 64MB. This is too small to correctly compile Perl with the maximum
478 optimization levels. You can increase the size of the maxdsiz kernel
479 parameter through the use of SAM.
481 When using the GUI version of SAM, click on the Kernel Configuration
482 icon, then the Configurable Parameters icon. Scroll down and select
483 the maxdsiz line. From the Actions menu, select the Modify Configurable
484 Parameter item. Insert the new formula into the Formula/Value box.
485 Then follow the instructions to rebuild your kernel and reboot your
488 In general, a value of 256MB (or "256*1024*1024") is sufficient for
489 Perl to compile at maximum optimization.
491 =head1 nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
493 You may get a bus error core dump from the op/pwent or op/grent
494 tests. If compiled with -g you will see a stack trace much like
497 #0 0xc004216c in () from /usr/lib/libc.2
498 #1 0xc00d7550 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2
499 #2 0xc00d7768 in __nss_src_state_destr () from /usr/lib/libc.2
500 #3 0xc00d78a8 in nss_delete () from /usr/lib/libc.2
501 #4 0xc01126d8 in endpwent () from /usr/lib/libc.2
502 #5 0xd1950 in Perl_pp_epwent () from ./perl
503 #6 0x94d3c in Perl_runops_standard () from ./perl
504 #7 0x23728 in S_run_body () from ./perl
505 #8 0x23428 in perl_run () from ./perl
506 #9 0x2005c in main () from ./perl
508 The key here is the C<nss_delete> call. One workaround for this
509 bug seems to be to create add to the file F</etc/nsswitch.conf>
510 (at least) the following lines
515 Whether you are using NIS does not matter. Amazingly enough,
516 the same bug also affects Solaris.
520 Jeff Okamoto <okamoto@corp.hp.com>
521 H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@hccnet.nl>
523 With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc Sabatella.
527 Version 0.6.7: 2002-09-05