1 If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you see.
2 It is written in the POD format (see pod/perlpod.pod) which is specially
3 designed to be readable as is.
7 README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
11 This document describes various features of IBM's Unix operating
12 system (AIX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl)
13 is compiled and/or runs.
15 =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
17 For information on compilers on older versions of AIX, see L<Compiling
20 When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship
21 an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of
22 gcc for AIX are widely available.
24 =head2 Supported Compilers
26 Currently all versions of IBM's "xlc", "xlc_r", "cc", "cc_r" or
27 "vac" ANSI/C compiler will work for building perl if that compiler
30 As of writing (2008-11) only the IBM XL C for AIX or XL C/C++ for AIX
31 compiler is supported by IBM on AIX 5L/6.1.
33 The following compiler versions are supported by IBM:
35 XL C and XL C/C++ V7, V8, V9, V10
37 The XL C for AIX is integrated in the XL C/C++ for AIX compiler.
39 If you choose XL C/C++ V9 you need APAR IZ35785 installed
40 otherwise the integrated SDBM_File do not compile correctly due
41 to an optimization bug. You can circumvent this problem by
42 adding -qipa to the optimization flags (-Doptimize='-O -qipa').
43 The PTF for APAR IZ35785 which solves this problem will be available
44 in 1Q 2009. IBM does provide an emergency fix for this problem.
46 Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.
47 The former is recommended, as not only it can compile Perl with no
48 difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later
49 that require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.
51 If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
52 complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific
53 details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the
56 =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
58 Starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.x / 5.10.x) and AIX 4.3
59 or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so
60 called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was
61 used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and
62 earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled
63 modules from earlier Perl releases. The change was made to make Perl
64 more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are
65 using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of
66 C++ code with static constructors and destructors in Perl extensions,
67 which was not possible using the emulated interface.
69 It is highly recommended to use the new interface.
71 =head2 Using Large Files with Perl
73 Should yield no problems.
77 Should yield no problems with AIX 5.2 / 5.3 and 6.1.
79 IBM uses the AIX system Perl (V5.8.2 as of writing) for some AIX
80 system scripts. If you switches the links in /usr/bin from the
81 AIX system Perl (/usr/opt/perl5) to the newly build Perl then you
82 get the same features as with the IBM AIX system Perl if the
83 threaded options are used.
87 If your AIX system is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit
88 configurations to work. If you want to use 64-bit Perl on AIX 6.1
89 you need a APAR for a libc.a bug which affects (n)dbm_XXX functions.
90 The APAR number for this problem is currently not yet available. If
91 the fileset bos.rte.libc is at level 6.1.1.2 or lower then the problem
92 is no fixed on your system.
94 If you need more memory (larger data segment) for your Perl programs you
98 default: (or your user)
99 data = -1 (default is 262144 * 512 byte)
101 With the default setting the size is limited to 128MB.
102 The -1 removes this limit.
104 =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (threaded/32-bit)
106 With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which
107 passes all make tests in threaded 32-bit mode, which is the default
108 configuration for the perl builds that AIX ships with.
116 -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
118 The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
119 IBM AIX system Perl installation.
121 =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (32-bit)
123 With the following options you get a Perl version which passes
124 all make tests in 32-bit mode.
131 -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_32
133 The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
134 IBM AIX system Perl installation.
136 =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.2/5.3 and 6.1 (threaded/64-bit)
138 With the following options you get a threaded Perl version which
139 passes all make tests in 64-bit mode.
141 export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
150 -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
152 =head2 Recommended Options AIX 5.1/5.2/5.3 and 6.1(64-bit)
154 With the following options you get a Perl version which passes all
155 make tests in 64-bit mode.
157 export OBJECT_MODE=64 / setenv OBJECT_MODE 64 (depending on your shell)
165 -Dprefix=/usr/opt/perl5_64
167 The -Dprefix option will install Perl in a directory parallel to the
168 IBM AIX system Perl installation.
170 =head2 Compiling Perl 5 on older AIX
172 When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. AIX does not ship
173 an ANSI compliant C-compiler with AIX by default, but binary builds of
174 gcc for AIX are widely available.
176 At the moment of writing, AIX supports two different native C compilers,
177 for which you have to pay: B<xlC> and B<vac>. If you decide to use either
178 of these two (which is quite a lot easier than using gcc), be sure to
179 upgrade to the latest available patch level. Currently:
181 xlC.C 3.1.4.10 or 3.6.6.0 or 4.0.2.2 or 5.0.2.9 or 6.0.0.3
182 vac.C 4.4.0.3 or 5.0.2.6 or 6.0.0.1
184 note that xlC has the OS version in the name as of version 4.0.2.0, so
185 you will find xlC.C for AIX-5.0 as package
187 xlC.aix50.rte 5.0.2.0 or 6.0.0.3
189 subversions are not the same "latest" on all OS versions. For example,
190 the latest xlC-5 on aix41 is 5.0.2.9, while on aix43, it is 5.0.2.7.
192 Perl can be compiled with either IBM's ANSI C compiler or with gcc.
193 The former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no
194 difficulty, but also can take advantage of features listed later that
195 require the use of IBM compiler-specific command-line flags.
197 The IBM's compiler patch levels 5.0.0.0 and 5.0.1.0 have compiler
198 optimization bugs that affect compiling perl.c and regcomp.c,
199 respectively. If Perl's configuration detects those compiler patch
200 levels, optimization is turned off for the said source code files.
201 Upgrading to at least 5.0.2.0 is recommended.
203 If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
204 complete, and be sure to read the Perl INSTALL file for more gcc-specific
205 details. Please report any hoops you had to jump through to the development
210 Before installing the patches to the IBM C-compiler you need to know the
211 level of patching for the Operating System. IBM's command 'oslevel' will
212 show the base, but is not always complete (in this example oslevel shows
213 4.3.NULL, whereas the system might run most of 4.3.THREE):
217 # lslpp -l | grep 'bos.rte '
218 bos.rte 4.3.3.75 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
219 bos.rte 4.3.2.0 COMMITTED Base Operating System Runtime
222 The same might happen to AIX 5.1 or other OS levels. As a side note, perl
223 cannot be built without bos.adt.syscalls and bos.adt.libm installed
225 # lslpp -l | egrep "syscalls|libm"
226 bos.adt.libm 5.1.0.25 COMMITTED Base Application Development
227 bos.adt.syscalls 5.1.0.36 COMMITTED System Calls Application
230 =head2 Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
232 AIX supports dynamically loadable objects as well as shared libraries.
233 Shared libraries by convention end with the suffix .a, which is a bit
234 misleading, as an archive can contain static as well as dynamic members.
235 For perl dynamically loaded objects we use the .so suffix also used on
236 many other platforms.
238 Note that starting from Perl 5.7.2 (and consequently 5.8.0) and AIX 4.3
239 or newer Perl uses the AIX native dynamic loading interface in the so
240 called runtime linking mode instead of the emulated interface that was
241 used in Perl releases 5.6.1 and earlier or, for AIX releases 4.2 and
242 earlier. This change does break backward compatibility with compiled
243 modules from earlier perl releases. The change was made to make Perl
244 more compliant with other applications like Apache/mod_perl which are
245 using the AIX native interface. This change also enables the use of C++
246 code with static constructors and destructors in perl extensions, which
247 was not possible using the emulated interface.
249 =head2 The IBM ANSI C Compiler
251 All defaults for Configure can be used.
253 If you've chosen to use vac 4, be sure to run 4.4.0.3. Older versions
254 will turn up nasty later on. For vac 5 be sure to run at least 5.0.1.0,
255 but vac 5.0.2.6 or up is highly recommended. Note that since IBM has
256 removed vac 5.0.2.1 through 5.0.2.5 from the software depot, these
257 versions should be considered obsolete.
259 Here's a brief lead of how to upgrade the compiler to the latest
260 level. Of course this is subject to changes. You can only upgrade
261 versions from ftp-available updates if the first three digit groups
262 are the same (in where you can skip intermediate unlike the patches
263 in the developer snapshots of perl), or to one version up where the
264 "base" is available. In other words, the AIX compiler patches are
267 vac.C.4.4.0.1 => vac.C.4.4.0.3 is OK (vac.C.4.4.0.2 not needed)
268 xlC.C.3.1.3.3 => xlC.C.3.1.4.10 is NOT OK (xlC.C.3.1.4.0 is not available)
270 # ftp ftp.software.ibm.com
271 Connected to service.boulder.ibm.com.
272 : welcome message ...
273 Name (ftp.software.ibm.com:merijn): anonymous
274 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
276 ... accepted login stuff
277 ftp> cd /aix/fixes/v4/
278 ftp> dir other other.ll
279 output to local-file: other.ll? y
280 200 PORT command successful.
281 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
282 226 Transfer complete.
284 output to local-file: xlc.ll? y
285 200 PORT command successful.
286 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls.
287 226 Transfer complete.
291 -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 1169432 Nov 2 17:29 other.ll
292 -rw-rw-rw- 1 merijn system 29170 Nov 2 17:29 xlc.ll
294 On AIX 4.2 using xlC, we continue:
296 # lslpp -l | fgrep 'xlC.C '
297 xlC.C 3.1.4.9 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
298 xlC.C 3.1.4.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
299 # grep 'xlC.C.3.1.4.*.bff' xlc.ll
300 -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6286336 Jul 22 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.1.bff
301 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6173696 Aug 24 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
302 -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6319104 Aug 14 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.2.bff
303 -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6316032 Oct 21 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.3.bff
304 -rw-r--r-- 1 45776101 1 6315008 Dec 20 1996 xlC.C.3.1.4.4.bff
305 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6178816 Mar 28 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.5.bff
306 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6188032 May 22 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.6.bff
307 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6191104 Sep 5 1997 xlC.C.3.1.4.7.bff
308 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6185984 Jan 13 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.8.bff
309 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 6169600 May 27 1998 xlC.C.3.1.4.9.bff
310 # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/xlc/xlC.C.3.1.4.10.bff
313 On AIX 4.3 using vac, we continue:
315 # lslpp -l | grep 'vac.C '
316 vac.C 5.0.2.2 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
317 vac.C 5.0.2.0 COMMITTED C for AIX Compiler
318 # grep 'vac.C.5.0.2.*.bff' other.ll
319 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 13592576 Apr 16 2001 vac.C.5.0.2.0.bff
320 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14133248 Apr 9 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.3.bff
321 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14173184 May 20 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.4.bff
322 -rw-rw-r-- 1 45776101 1 14192640 Nov 22 2002 vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
323 # wget ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/aix/fixes/v4/other/vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff
326 Likewise on all other OS levels. Then execute the following command, and
329 # smit install_update
330 -> Install and Update from LATEST Available Software
331 * INPUT device / directory for software [ vac.C.5.0.2.6.bff ]
335 Follow the messages ... and you're done.
337 If you like a more web-like approach, a good start point can be
338 http://www14.software.ibm.com/webapp/download/downloadaz.jsp and click
339 "C for AIX", and follow the instructions.
341 =head2 The usenm option
345 cc -o miniperl ... miniperlmain.o opmini.o perl.o ... -lm -lc ...
347 causes error like this
349 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .aintl
350 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .copysignl
351 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .syscall
352 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .eaccess
353 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresuid
354 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setresgid
355 ld: 0711-317 ERROR: Undefined symbol: .setproctitle
356 ld: 0711-345 Use the -bloadmap or -bnoquiet option to obtain more information.
362 ./Configure -Dusenm ...
364 which makes Configure to use the C<nm> tool when scanning for library
365 symbols, which usually is not done in AIX.
367 Related to this, you probably should not use the C<-r> option of
368 Configure in AIX, because that affects of how the C<nm> tool is used.
370 =head2 Using GNU's gcc for building perl
372 Using gcc-3.x (tested with 3.0.4, 3.1, and 3.2) now works out of the box,
373 as do recent gcc-2.9 builds available directly from IBM as part of their
374 Linux compatibility packages, available here:
376 http://www.ibm.com/servers/aix/products/aixos/linux/
378 =head2 Using Large Files with Perl
380 Should yield no problems.
384 Threads seem to work OK, though at the moment not all tests pass when
385 threads are used in combination with 64-bit configurations.
387 You may get a warning when doing a threaded build:
389 "pp_sys.c", line 4640.39: 1506-280 (W) Function argument assignment between types "unsigned char*" and "const void*" is not allowed.
391 The exact line number may vary, but if the warning (W) comes from a line
394 hent = PerlSock_gethostbyaddr(addr, (Netdb_hlen_t) addrlen, addrtype);
396 in the "pp_ghostent" function, you may ignore it safely. The warning
397 is caused by the reentrant variant of gethostbyaddr() having a slightly
398 different prototype than its non-reentrant variant, but the difference
399 is not really significant here.
403 If your AIX is installed with 64-bit support, you can expect 64-bit
404 configurations to work. In combination with threads some tests might
407 =head2 AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
409 In AIX 4.2 Perl extensions that use C++ functions that use statics
410 may have problems in that the statics are not getting initialized.
411 In newer AIX releases this has been solved by linking Perl with
412 the libC_r library, but unfortunately in AIX 4.2 the said library
413 has an obscure bug where the various functions related to time
414 (such as time() and gettimeofday()) return broken values, and
415 therefore in AIX 4.2 Perl is not linked against the libC_r.
419 H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl>
420 Rainer Tammer <tammer@tammer.net>
424 Version 0.0.7: 18 Nov 2008