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1 | =for maintainers |
2 | Generated by perlmodlib.PL -- DO NOT EDIT! |
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3 | |
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4 | =head1 NAME |
5 | |
6 | perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones |
7 | |
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8 | =head1 THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY |
9 | |
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10 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described |
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11 | below, and all end in F<.pm>. You may discover compiled library |
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12 | files (usually ending in F<.so>) or small pieces of modules to be |
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13 | autoloaded (ending in F<.al>); these were automatically generated |
14 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the |
15 | library directory that end in either F<.pl> or F<.ph>. These are |
16 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still |
17 | run. The F<.pl> files will all eventually be converted into standard |
18 | modules, and the F<.ph> files made by B<h2ph> will probably end up |
19 | as extension modules made by B<h2xs>. (Some F<.ph> values may |
20 | already be available through the POSIX, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) |
21 | The B<pl2pm> file in the distribution may help in your conversion, |
22 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. |
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23 | |
24 | =head2 Pragmatic Modules |
25 | |
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26 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they |
27 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually |
28 | work well only when used within a C<use>, or C<no>. Most of these |
29 | are lexically scoped, so an inner BLOCK may countermand them |
30 | by saying: |
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31 | |
32 | no integer; |
33 | no strict 'refs'; |
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34 | no warnings; |
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35 | |
36 | which lasts until the end of that BLOCK. |
37 | |
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38 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped--typically those that affect the |
39 | C<$^H> hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, |
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40 | like C<use vars> and C<use subs>, which allow you to predeclare a |
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41 | variables or subroutines within a particular I<file> rather than |
42 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file |
43 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with C<no |
44 | vars> or C<no subs>. |
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45 | |
46 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). |
47 | |
48 | =over 12 |
49 | |
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50 | =item assertions |
51 | |
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52 | Select assertions in blocks of code |
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53 | |
54 | =item assertions::activate |
55 | |
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56 | Activate assertions |
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57 | |
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58 | =item assertions::compat |
59 | |
60 | Assertions for pre-5.9 versions of perl |
61 | |
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62 | =item attributes |
63 | |
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64 | Get/set subroutine or variable attributes |
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65 | |
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66 | =item attrs |
67 | |
68 | Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) |
69 | |
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70 | =item autouse |
71 | |
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72 | Postpone load of modules until a function is used |
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73 | |
74 | =item base |
75 | |
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76 | Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time |
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77 | |
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78 | =item bigint |
79 | |
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80 | Transparent BigInteger support for Perl |
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81 | |
82 | =item bignum |
83 | |
84 | Transparent BigNumber support for Perl |
85 | |
86 | =item bigrat |
87 | |
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88 | Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl |
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89 | |
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90 | =item blib |
91 | |
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92 | Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package |
93 | |
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94 | =item bytes |
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95 | |
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96 | Force byte semantics rather than character semantics |
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97 | |
98 | =item charnames |
99 | |
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100 | Define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escapes |
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101 | |
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102 | =item constant |
103 | |
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104 | Declare constants |
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105 | |
106 | =item diagnostics |
107 | |
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108 | Produce verbose warning diagnostics |
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109 | |
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110 | =item encoding |
111 | |
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112 | Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8 |
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113 | |
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114 | =item encoding::warnings |
115 | |
116 | Warn on implicit encoding conversions |
117 | |
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118 | =item feature |
119 | |
120 | Enable new syntactic features |
121 | |
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122 | =item fields |
123 | |
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124 | Compile-time class fields |
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125 | |
126 | =item filetest |
127 | |
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128 | Control the filetest permission operators |
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129 | |
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130 | =item if |
131 | |
132 | C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds |
133 | |
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134 | =item integer |
135 | |
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136 | Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point |
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137 | |
138 | =item less |
139 | |
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140 | Request less of something from the compiler |
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141 | |
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142 | =item lib |
143 | |
144 | Manipulate @INC at compile time |
145 | |
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146 | =item locale |
147 | |
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148 | Use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations |
149 | |
150 | =item open |
151 | |
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152 | Set default PerlIO layers for input and output |
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153 | |
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154 | =item ops |
155 | |
156 | Restrict unsafe operations when compiling |
157 | |
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158 | =item overload |
159 | |
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160 | Package for overloading Perl operations |
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161 | |
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162 | =item re |
163 | |
164 | Alter regular expression behaviour |
165 | |
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166 | =item sigtrap |
167 | |
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168 | Enable simple signal handling |
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169 | |
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170 | =item sort |
171 | |
172 | Control sort() behaviour |
173 | |
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174 | =item strict |
175 | |
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176 | Restrict unsafe constructs |
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177 | |
178 | =item subs |
179 | |
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180 | Predeclare sub names |
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181 | |
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182 | =item threads |
183 | |
184 | Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl |
185 | |
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186 | =item threads::shared |
187 | |
188 | Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads |
189 | |
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190 | =item utf8 |
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191 | |
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192 | Enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source code |
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193 | |
194 | =item vars |
195 | |
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196 | Predeclare global variable names (obsolete) |
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197 | |
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198 | =item version |
199 | |
200 | Perl extension for Version Objects |
201 | |
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202 | =item vmsish |
203 | |
204 | Control VMS-specific language features |
205 | |
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206 | =item warnings |
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207 | |
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208 | Control optional warnings |
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209 | |
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210 | =item warnings::register |
211 | |
212 | Warnings import function |
213 | |
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214 | =back |
215 | |
216 | =head2 Standard Modules |
217 | |
218 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined |
219 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the |
220 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. |
221 | |
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222 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your |
223 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you |
224 | don't have the gdbm library. |
225 | |
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226 | =over 12 |
227 | |
228 | =item AnyDBM_File |
229 | |
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230 | Provide framework for multiple DBMs |
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231 | |
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232 | =item Archive::Tar |
233 | |
234 | Module for manipulations of tar archives |
235 | |
236 | =item Archive::Tar::File |
237 | |
238 | A subclass for in-memory extracted file from Archive::Tar |
239 | |
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240 | =item Attribute::Handlers |
241 | |
242 | Simpler definition of attribute handlers |
243 | |
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244 | =item AutoLoader |
245 | |
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246 | Load subroutines only on demand |
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247 | |
248 | =item AutoSplit |
249 | |
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250 | Split a package for autoloading |
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251 | |
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252 | =item B |
253 | |
254 | The Perl Compiler |
255 | |
256 | =item B::Asmdata |
257 | |
258 | Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode |
259 | |
260 | =item B::Assembler |
261 | |
262 | Assemble Perl bytecode |
263 | |
264 | =item B::Bblock |
265 | |
266 | Walk basic blocks |
267 | |
268 | =item B::Bytecode |
269 | |
270 | Perl compiler's bytecode backend |
271 | |
272 | =item B::C |
273 | |
274 | Perl compiler's C backend |
275 | |
276 | =item B::CC |
277 | |
278 | Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend |
279 | |
280 | =item B::Concise |
281 | |
282 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops |
283 | |
284 | =item B::Debug |
285 | |
286 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops |
287 | |
288 | =item B::Deparse |
289 | |
290 | Perl compiler backend to produce perl code |
291 | |
292 | =item B::Disassembler |
293 | |
294 | Disassemble Perl bytecode |
295 | |
296 | =item B::Lint |
297 | |
298 | Perl lint |
299 | |
300 | =item B::Showlex |
301 | |
302 | Show lexical variables used in functions or files |
303 | |
304 | =item B::Stackobj |
305 | |
306 | Helper module for CC backend |
307 | |
308 | =item B::Stash |
309 | |
310 | Show what stashes are loaded |
311 | |
312 | =item B::Terse |
313 | |
314 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops |
315 | |
316 | =item B::Xref |
317 | |
318 | Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs |
319 | |
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320 | =item Benchmark |
321 | |
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322 | Benchmark running times of Perl code |
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323 | |
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324 | =item ByteLoader |
325 | |
326 | Load byte compiled perl code |
327 | |
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328 | =item CGI |
329 | |
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330 | Simple Common Gateway Interface Class |
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331 | |
332 | =item CGI::Apache |
333 | |
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334 | Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm |
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335 | |
336 | =item CGI::Carp |
337 | |
338 | CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log |
339 | |
340 | =item CGI::Cookie |
341 | |
342 | Interface to Netscape Cookies |
343 | |
344 | =item CGI::Fast |
345 | |
346 | CGI Interface for Fast CGI |
347 | |
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348 | =item CGI::Pretty |
349 | |
350 | Module to produce nicely formatted HTML code |
351 | |
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352 | =item CGI::Push |
353 | |
354 | Simple Interface to Server Push |
355 | |
356 | =item CGI::Switch |
357 | |
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358 | Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch |
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359 | |
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360 | =item CGI::Util |
361 | |
362 | Internal utilities used by CGI module |
363 | |
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364 | =item CPAN |
365 | |
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366 | Query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites |
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367 | |
368 | =item CPAN::FirstTime |
369 | |
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370 | Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization |
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371 | |
372 | =item CPAN::Nox |
373 | |
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374 | Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module |
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375 | |
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376 | =item CPAN::Version |
377 | |
378 | Utility functions to compare CPAN versions |
379 | |
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380 | =item Carp |
381 | |
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382 | Warn of errors (from perspective of caller) |
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383 | |
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384 | =item Carp::Heavy |
385 | |
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386 | Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside |
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387 | |
388 | =item Class::ISA |
389 | |
390 | Report the search path for a class's ISA tree |
391 | |
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392 | =item Class::Struct |
393 | |
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394 | Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes |
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395 | |
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396 | =item Compress::Zlib |
397 | |
398 | Interface to zlib compression library |
399 | |
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400 | =item Compress::Zlib::pod::FAQ |
401 | |
402 | Frequently Asked Questions about Compress::Zlib |
403 | |
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404 | =item Config |
405 | |
406 | Access Perl configuration information |
407 | |
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408 | =item Cwd |
409 | |
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410 | Get pathname of current working directory |
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411 | |
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412 | =item DB |
413 | |
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414 | Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to |
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415 | |
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416 | =item DBM_Filter |
417 | |
418 | Filter DBM keys/values |
419 | |
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420 | =item DB_File |
421 | |
422 | Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x |
423 | |
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424 | =item Data::Dumper |
425 | |
426 | Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> |
427 | |
428 | =item Devel::DProf |
429 | |
430 | A Perl code profiler |
431 | |
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432 | =item Devel::PPPort |
433 | |
434 | Perl/Pollution/Portability |
435 | |
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436 | =item Devel::Peek |
437 | |
438 | A data debugging tool for the XS programmer |
439 | |
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440 | =item Devel::SelfStubber |
441 | |
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442 | Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module |
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443 | |
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444 | =item Digest |
445 | |
446 | Modules that calculate message digests |
447 | |
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448 | =item Digest::MD5 |
449 | |
450 | Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm |
451 | |
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452 | =item Digest::SHA |
453 | |
454 | Perl extension for SHA-1/224/256/384/512 |
455 | |
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456 | =item Digest::base |
457 | |
458 | Digest base class |
459 | |
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460 | =item Digest::file |
461 | |
462 | Calculate digests of files |
463 | |
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464 | =item DirHandle |
465 | |
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466 | Supply object methods for directory handles |
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467 | |
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468 | =item Dumpvalue |
469 | |
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470 | Provides screen dump of Perl data. |
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471 | |
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472 | =item DynaLoader |
473 | |
474 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code |
475 | |
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476 | =item Encode |
477 | |
478 | Character encodings |
479 | |
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480 | =item Encode::Alias |
481 | |
482 | Alias definitions to encodings |
483 | |
484 | =item Encode::Byte |
485 | |
486 | Single Byte Encodings |
487 | |
488 | =item Encode::CJKConstants |
489 | |
490 | Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* |
491 | |
492 | =item Encode::CN |
493 | |
494 | China-based Chinese Encodings |
495 | |
496 | =item Encode::CN::HZ |
497 | |
498 | Internally used by Encode::CN |
499 | |
500 | =item Encode::Config |
501 | |
502 | Internally used by Encode |
503 | |
504 | =item Encode::EBCDIC |
505 | |
506 | EBCDIC Encodings |
507 | |
508 | =item Encode::Encoder |
509 | |
510 | Object Oriented Encoder |
511 | |
512 | =item Encode::Encoding |
513 | |
514 | Encode Implementation Base Class |
515 | |
516 | =item Encode::Guess |
517 | |
518 | Guesses encoding from data |
519 | |
520 | =item Encode::JP |
521 | |
522 | Japanese Encodings |
523 | |
524 | =item Encode::JP::H2Z |
525 | |
526 | Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* |
527 | |
528 | =item Encode::JP::JIS7 |
529 | |
530 | Internally used by Encode::JP |
531 | |
532 | =item Encode::KR |
533 | |
534 | Korean Encodings |
535 | |
536 | =item Encode::KR::2022_KR |
537 | |
538 | Internally used by Encode::KR |
539 | |
540 | =item Encode::MIME::Header |
541 | |
542 | MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding |
543 | |
544 | =item Encode::PerlIO |
545 | |
546 | A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO |
547 | |
548 | =item Encode::Supported |
549 | |
550 | Encodings supported by Encode |
551 | |
552 | =item Encode::Symbol |
553 | |
554 | Symbol Encodings |
555 | |
556 | =item Encode::TW |
557 | |
558 | Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings |
559 | |
560 | =item Encode::Unicode |
561 | |
562 | Various Unicode Transformation Formats |
563 | |
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564 | =item Encode::Unicode::UTF7 |
565 | |
566 | UTF-7 encoding |
567 | |
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568 | =item English |
569 | |
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570 | Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables |
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571 | |
572 | =item Env |
573 | |
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574 | Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays |
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575 | |
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576 | =item Errno |
577 | |
578 | System errno constants |
579 | |
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580 | =item Exporter |
581 | |
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582 | Implements default import method for modules |
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583 | |
584 | =item Exporter::Heavy |
585 | |
586 | Exporter guts |
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587 | |
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588 | =item ExtUtils::CBuilder |
589 | |
590 | Compile and link C code for Perl modules |
591 | |
592 | =item ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows |
593 | |
594 | Builder class for Windows platforms |
595 | |
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596 | =item ExtUtils::Command |
597 | |
2e1d04bc |
598 | Utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. |
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599 | |
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600 | =item ExtUtils::Command::MM |
601 | |
602 | Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles |
603 | |
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604 | =item ExtUtils::Constant |
605 | |
606 | Generate XS code to import C header constants |
607 | |
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608 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::Base |
609 | |
610 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects |
611 | |
612 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::Utils |
613 | |
614 | Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant |
615 | |
616 | =item ExtUtils::Constant::XS |
617 | |
618 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects |
619 | |
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620 | =item ExtUtils::Embed |
621 | |
2e1d04bc |
622 | Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications |
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623 | |
624 | =item ExtUtils::Install |
625 | |
9e107c59 |
626 | Install files from here to there |
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627 | |
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628 | =item ExtUtils::Installed |
629 | |
630 | Inventory management of installed modules |
631 | |
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632 | =item ExtUtils::Liblist |
633 | |
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634 | Determine libraries to use and how to use them |
635 | |
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636 | =item ExtUtils::MM |
637 | |
638 | OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass |
639 | |
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640 | =item ExtUtils::MM_AIX |
641 | |
642 | AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
643 | |
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644 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Any |
645 | |
639f8edf |
646 | Platform-agnostic MM methods |
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647 | |
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648 | =item ExtUtils::MM_BeOS |
649 | |
650 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
651 | |
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652 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin |
653 | |
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654 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
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655 | |
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656 | =item ExtUtils::MM_DOS |
657 | |
658 | DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
659 | |
660 | =item ExtUtils::MM_MacOS |
661 | |
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662 | Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic |
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663 | |
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664 | =item ExtUtils::MM_NW5 |
665 | |
666 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
667 | |
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668 | =item ExtUtils::MM_OS2 |
669 | |
2e1d04bc |
670 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
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671 | |
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672 | =item ExtUtils::MM_QNX |
673 | |
674 | QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
675 | |
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676 | =item ExtUtils::MM_UWIN |
677 | |
678 | U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
679 | |
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680 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
681 | |
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682 | Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
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683 | |
684 | =item ExtUtils::MM_VMS |
685 | |
2e1d04bc |
686 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
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687 | |
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688 | =item ExtUtils::MM_VOS |
689 | |
690 | VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix |
691 | |
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692 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win32 |
693 | |
2e1d04bc |
694 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
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695 | |
ec90690f |
696 | =item ExtUtils::MM_Win95 |
697 | |
698 | Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X |
699 | |
700 | =item ExtUtils::MY |
701 | |
702 | ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization |
703 | |
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704 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker |
705 | |
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706 | Create a module Makefile |
707 | |
97a1d740 |
708 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config |
709 | |
710 | Wrapper around Config.pm |
711 | |
a4373870 |
712 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ |
713 | |
714 | Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker |
715 | |
716 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial |
717 | |
718 | Writing a module with MakeMaker |
719 | |
8b9c797b |
720 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes |
721 | |
f262848d |
722 | Version-agnostic bytes.pm |
8b9c797b |
723 | |
a4373870 |
724 | =item ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish |
725 | |
f262848d |
726 | Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm |
f102b883 |
727 | |
728 | =item ExtUtils::Manifest |
729 | |
9e107c59 |
730 | Utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file |
f102b883 |
731 | |
732 | =item ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap |
733 | |
9e107c59 |
734 | Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader |
f102b883 |
735 | |
736 | =item ExtUtils::Mksymlists |
737 | |
9e107c59 |
738 | Write linker options files for dynamic extension |
f102b883 |
739 | |
19799a22 |
740 | =item ExtUtils::Packlist |
741 | |
9e107c59 |
742 | Manage .packlist files |
19799a22 |
743 | |
97a1d740 |
744 | =item ExtUtils::ParseXS |
745 | |
746 | Converts Perl XS code into C code |
747 | |
f102b883 |
748 | =item ExtUtils::testlib |
749 | |
9e107c59 |
750 | Add blib/* directories to @INC |
f102b883 |
751 | |
b6c543e3 |
752 | =item Fatal |
753 | |
9e107c59 |
754 | Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die |
b6c543e3 |
755 | |
ec90690f |
756 | =item Fcntl |
757 | |
758 | Load the C Fcntl.h defines |
759 | |
f102b883 |
760 | =item File::Basename |
761 | |
3bf37fef |
762 | Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix. |
9e107c59 |
763 | |
764 | =item File::CheckTree |
765 | |
766 | Run many filetest checks on a tree |
f102b883 |
767 | |
f102b883 |
768 | =item File::Compare |
769 | |
19799a22 |
770 | Compare files or filehandles |
f102b883 |
771 | |
772 | =item File::Copy |
773 | |
19799a22 |
774 | Copy files or filehandles |
775 | |
776 | =item File::DosGlob |
777 | |
2e1d04bc |
778 | DOS like globbing and then some |
f102b883 |
779 | |
780 | =item File::Find |
781 | |
d63e6bb6 |
782 | Traverse a directory tree. |
f102b883 |
783 | |
7ef5744c |
784 | =item File::Glob |
785 | |
786 | Perl extension for BSD glob routine |
787 | |
3bf37fef |
788 | =item File::GlobMapper |
789 | |
790 | Extend File Glob to Allow Input and Output Files |
791 | |
f102b883 |
792 | =item File::Path |
793 | |
2e1d04bc |
794 | Create or remove directory trees |
f102b883 |
795 | |
f505c983 |
796 | =item File::Spec |
797 | |
9e107c59 |
798 | Portably perform operations on file names |
f505c983 |
799 | |
06a5f41f |
800 | =item File::Spec::Cygwin |
801 | |
802 | Methods for Cygwin file specs |
803 | |
165c0277 |
804 | =item File::Spec::Epoc |
805 | |
806 | Methods for Epoc file specs |
807 | |
f505c983 |
808 | =item File::Spec::Functions |
809 | |
9e107c59 |
810 | Portably perform operations on file names |
19799a22 |
811 | |
812 | =item File::Spec::Mac |
813 | |
1bb908c3 |
814 | File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic) |
19799a22 |
815 | |
816 | =item File::Spec::OS2 |
817 | |
9e107c59 |
818 | Methods for OS/2 file specs |
19799a22 |
819 | |
820 | =item File::Spec::Unix |
821 | |
e61ecf27 |
822 | File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules |
19799a22 |
823 | |
824 | =item File::Spec::VMS |
825 | |
9e107c59 |
826 | Methods for VMS file specs |
19799a22 |
827 | |
828 | =item File::Spec::Win32 |
829 | |
9e107c59 |
830 | Methods for Win32 file specs |
f505c983 |
831 | |
2e1d04bc |
832 | =item File::Temp |
833 | |
834 | Return name and handle of a temporary file safely |
835 | |
f102b883 |
836 | =item File::stat |
837 | |
9e107c59 |
838 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions |
f102b883 |
839 | |
840 | =item FileCache |
841 | |
9e107c59 |
842 | Keep more files open than the system permits |
f102b883 |
843 | |
844 | =item FileHandle |
845 | |
9e107c59 |
846 | Supply object methods for filehandles |
f102b883 |
847 | |
165c0277 |
848 | =item Filter::Simple |
849 | |
850 | Simplified source filtering |
851 | |
7ef5744c |
852 | =item Filter::Util::Call |
853 | |
854 | Perl Source Filter Utility Module |
855 | |
f102b883 |
856 | =item FindBin |
857 | |
2e1d04bc |
858 | Locate directory of original perl script |
f102b883 |
859 | |
7ef5744c |
860 | =item GDBM_File |
861 | |
862 | Perl5 access to the gdbm library. |
863 | |
f102b883 |
864 | =item Getopt::Long |
865 | |
9e107c59 |
866 | Extended processing of command line options |
f102b883 |
867 | |
868 | =item Getopt::Std |
869 | |
19799a22 |
870 | Process single-character switches with switch clustering |
f102b883 |
871 | |
d63e6bb6 |
872 | =item Hash::Util |
873 | |
874 | A selection of general-utility hash subroutines |
875 | |
f102b883 |
876 | =item I18N::Collate |
877 | |
2e1d04bc |
878 | Compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale |
f102b883 |
879 | |
422a9aca |
880 | =item I18N::LangTags |
881 | |
882 | Functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language tags |
883 | |
407700fe |
884 | =item I18N::LangTags::Detect |
885 | |
886 | Detect the user's language preferences |
887 | |
422a9aca |
888 | =item I18N::LangTags::List |
889 | |
4f233aa4 |
890 | Tags and names for human languages |
422a9aca |
891 | |
7ef5744c |
892 | =item I18N::Langinfo |
893 | |
894 | Query locale information |
895 | |
ec90690f |
896 | =item IO |
897 | |
898 | Load various IO modules |
899 | |
3bf37fef |
900 | =item IO::Compress::Deflate |
901 | |
902 | Perl interface to write RFC 1950 files/buffers |
903 | |
904 | =item IO::Compress::Gzip |
905 | |
906 | Perl interface to write RFC 1952 files/buffers |
907 | |
908 | =item IO::Compress::RawDeflate |
909 | |
910 | Perl interface to write RFC 1951 files/buffers |
911 | |
7ef5744c |
912 | =item IO::Dir |
913 | |
914 | Supply object methods for directory handles |
915 | |
916 | =item IO::File |
917 | |
918 | Supply object methods for filehandles |
919 | |
920 | =item IO::Handle |
921 | |
922 | Supply object methods for I/O handles |
923 | |
924 | =item IO::Pipe |
925 | |
926 | Supply object methods for pipes |
927 | |
928 | =item IO::Poll |
929 | |
930 | Object interface to system poll call |
931 | |
932 | =item IO::Seekable |
933 | |
934 | Supply seek based methods for I/O objects |
935 | |
936 | =item IO::Select |
937 | |
938 | OO interface to the select system call |
939 | |
940 | =item IO::Socket |
941 | |
942 | Object interface to socket communications |
943 | |
944 | =item IO::Socket::INET |
945 | |
946 | Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets |
947 | |
948 | =item IO::Socket::UNIX |
949 | |
950 | Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets |
951 | |
3bf37fef |
952 | =item IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate |
953 | |
954 | Perl interface to read RFC 1950, 1951 & 1952 files/buffers |
955 | |
956 | =item IO::Uncompress::Gunzip |
957 | |
958 | Perl interface to read RFC 1952 files/buffers |
959 | |
960 | =item IO::Uncompress::Inflate |
961 | |
962 | Perl interface to read RFC 1950 files/buffers |
963 | |
964 | =item IO::Uncompress::RawInflate |
965 | |
966 | Perl interface to read RFC 1951 files/buffers |
967 | |
97a1d740 |
968 | =item IO::Zlib |
969 | |
970 | IO:: style interface to L<Compress::Zlib> |
971 | |
f102b883 |
972 | =item IPC::Open2 |
973 | |
9e107c59 |
974 | Open a process for both reading and writing |
f102b883 |
975 | |
976 | =item IPC::Open3 |
977 | |
9e107c59 |
978 | Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling |
f102b883 |
979 | |
7ef5744c |
980 | =item IPC::SysV |
981 | |
982 | SysV IPC constants |
983 | |
984 | =item IPC::SysV::Msg |
985 | |
986 | SysV Msg IPC object class |
987 | |
988 | =item IPC::SysV::Semaphore |
989 | |
990 | SysV Semaphore IPC object class |
991 | |
992 | =item List::Util |
993 | |
994 | A selection of general-utility list subroutines |
995 | |
4e860d0a |
996 | =item Locale::Constants |
997 | |
998 | Constants for Locale codes |
999 | |
1000 | =item Locale::Country |
1001 | |
1002 | ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166) |
1003 | |
1004 | =item Locale::Currency |
1005 | |
1006 | ISO three letter codes for currency identification (ISO 4217) |
1007 | |
1008 | =item Locale::Language |
1009 | |
1010 | ISO two letter codes for language identification (ISO 639) |
1011 | |
422a9aca |
1012 | =item Locale::Maketext |
1013 | |
1014 | Framework for localization |
1015 | |
1016 | =item Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 |
1017 | |
1018 | Article about software localization |
1019 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1020 | =item Locale::Script |
1021 | |
1022 | ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924) |
1023 | |
7ef5744c |
1024 | =item MIME::Base64 |
1025 | |
1026 | Encoding and decoding of base64 strings |
1027 | |
1028 | =item MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint |
1029 | |
1030 | Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings |
1031 | |
f102b883 |
1032 | =item Math::BigFloat |
1033 | |
5d80033a |
1034 | Arbitrary size floating point math package |
f102b883 |
1035 | |
1036 | =item Math::BigInt |
1037 | |
97a1d740 |
1038 | Arbitrary size integer/float math package |
f102b883 |
1039 | |
d0363f02 |
1040 | =item Math::BigInt::Calc |
1041 | |
1042 | Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt |
1043 | |
f99d9048 |
1044 | =item Math::BigInt::CalcEmu |
1045 | |
1046 | Emulate low-level math with BigInt code |
1047 | |
97a1d740 |
1048 | =item Math::BigInt::FastCalc |
1049 | |
1050 | Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more speed |
1051 | |
fa1c7b03 |
1052 | =item Math::BigRat |
1053 | |
407700fe |
1054 | Arbitrary big rational numbers |
fa1c7b03 |
1055 | |
f102b883 |
1056 | =item Math::Complex |
1057 | |
9e107c59 |
1058 | Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions |
f102b883 |
1059 | |
404b15a1 |
1060 | =item Math::Trig |
1061 | |
9e107c59 |
1062 | Trigonometric functions |
f102b883 |
1063 | |
5d80033a |
1064 | =item Memoize |
1065 | |
ec90690f |
1066 | Make functions faster by trading space for time |
5d80033a |
1067 | |
1068 | =item Memoize::AnyDBM_File |
1069 | |
1070 | Glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for Storable use |
1071 | |
1072 | =item Memoize::Expire |
1073 | |
1074 | Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values |
1075 | |
1076 | =item Memoize::ExpireFile |
1077 | |
1078 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics |
1079 | |
1080 | =item Memoize::ExpireTest |
1081 | |
1082 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics |
1083 | |
1084 | =item Memoize::NDBM_File |
1085 | |
1086 | Glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for Storable use |
1087 | |
1088 | =item Memoize::SDBM_File |
1089 | |
1090 | Glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for Storable use |
1091 | |
5d80033a |
1092 | =item Memoize::Storable |
1093 | |
1094 | Store Memoized data in Storable database |
1095 | |
407700fe |
1096 | =item Module::CoreList |
1097 | |
1098 | What modules shipped with versions of perl |
1099 | |
ec90690f |
1100 | =item NDBM_File |
1101 | |
1102 | Tied access to ndbm files |
1103 | |
1fa7ca25 |
1104 | =item NEXT |
1105 | |
7a142657 |
1106 | Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method redispatch |
1fa7ca25 |
1107 | |
5d80033a |
1108 | =item Net::Cmd |
1109 | |
1110 | Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc) |
1111 | |
1112 | =item Net::Config |
1113 | |
1114 | Local configuration data for libnet |
1115 | |
1116 | =item Net::Domain |
1117 | |
1118 | Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain |
1119 | |
5d80033a |
1120 | =item Net::FTP |
1121 | |
1122 | FTP Client class |
1123 | |
1124 | =item Net::NNTP |
1125 | |
1126 | NNTP Client class |
1127 | |
1128 | =item Net::Netrc |
1129 | |
1130 | OO interface to users netrc file |
1131 | |
5d80033a |
1132 | =item Net::POP3 |
1133 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1134 | Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939) |
5d80033a |
1135 | |
f102b883 |
1136 | =item Net::Ping |
1137 | |
9e107c59 |
1138 | Check a remote host for reachability |
f102b883 |
1139 | |
5d80033a |
1140 | =item Net::SMTP |
1141 | |
1142 | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client |
1143 | |
5d80033a |
1144 | =item Net::Time |
1145 | |
1146 | Time and daytime network client interface |
1147 | |
f102b883 |
1148 | =item Net::hostent |
1149 | |
9e107c59 |
1150 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions |
f102b883 |
1151 | |
5d80033a |
1152 | =item Net::libnetFAQ |
1153 | |
1154 | Libnet Frequently Asked Questions |
1155 | |
f102b883 |
1156 | =item Net::netent |
1157 | |
9e107c59 |
1158 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions |
f102b883 |
1159 | |
1160 | =item Net::protoent |
1161 | |
9e107c59 |
1162 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions |
f102b883 |
1163 | |
1164 | =item Net::servent |
1165 | |
9e107c59 |
1166 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions |
f102b883 |
1167 | |
ec90690f |
1168 | =item O |
1169 | |
1170 | Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends |
1171 | |
1172 | =item ODBM_File |
1173 | |
1174 | Tied access to odbm files |
1175 | |
1176 | =item Opcode |
1177 | |
1178 | Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code |
1179 | |
1180 | =item POSIX |
1181 | |
1182 | Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 |
1183 | |
4e860d0a |
1184 | =item PerlIO |
1185 | |
1186 | On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space |
1187 | |
7ef5744c |
1188 | =item PerlIO::encoding |
1189 | |
1190 | Encoding layer |
1191 | |
1192 | =item PerlIO::scalar |
1193 | |
639f8edf |
1194 | In-memory IO, scalar IO |
7ef5744c |
1195 | |
1196 | =item PerlIO::via |
1197 | |
1198 | Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl |
1199 | |
c40f6c4a |
1200 | =item PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint |
1201 | |
1202 | PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings |
1203 | |
9e107c59 |
1204 | =item Pod::Checker |
1205 | |
1206 | Check pod documents for syntax errors |
1207 | |
3bf37fef |
1208 | =item Pod::Escapes |
1209 | |
1210 | For resolving Pod EE<lt>...E<gt> sequences |
1211 | |
2e1d04bc |
1212 | =item Pod::Find |
1213 | |
1214 | Find POD documents in directory trees |
1215 | |
06a5f41f |
1216 | =item Pod::Functions |
1217 | |
1218 | Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod |
1219 | |
19799a22 |
1220 | =item Pod::Html |
1221 | |
9e107c59 |
1222 | Module to convert pod files to HTML |
1223 | |
1224 | =item Pod::InputObjects |
1225 | |
2e1d04bc |
1226 | Objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. |
9e107c59 |
1227 | |
13a2d996 |
1228 | =item Pod::LaTeX |
1229 | |
1230 | Convert Pod data to formatted Latex |
1231 | |
9e107c59 |
1232 | =item Pod::Man |
1233 | |
1234 | Convert POD data to formatted *roff input |
1235 | |
1bb908c3 |
1236 | =item Pod::ParseLink |
1237 | |
248e172a |
1238 | Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text |
1bb908c3 |
1239 | |
2e1d04bc |
1240 | =item Pod::ParseUtils |
1241 | |
1242 | Helpers for POD parsing and conversion |
1243 | |
9e107c59 |
1244 | =item Pod::Parser |
1245 | |
1246 | Base class for creating POD filters and translators |
1247 | |
a4373870 |
1248 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker |
1249 | |
1250 | Let Perldoc check Pod for errors |
1251 | |
1252 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToMan |
1253 | |
1254 | Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages |
1255 | |
1256 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff |
1257 | |
1258 | Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff |
1259 | |
1260 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToPod |
1261 | |
1262 | Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! |
1263 | |
1264 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf |
1265 | |
1266 | Let Perldoc render Pod as RTF |
1267 | |
1268 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToText |
1269 | |
1270 | Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext |
1271 | |
1272 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToTk |
1273 | |
1274 | Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod |
1275 | |
1276 | =item Pod::Perldoc::ToXml |
1277 | |
1278 | Let Perldoc render Pod as XML |
1279 | |
1280 | =item Pod::PlainText |
1281 | |
1282 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text |
1283 | |
2e1d04bc |
1284 | =item Pod::Plainer |
1285 | |
1286 | Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. |
1287 | |
9e107c59 |
1288 | =item Pod::Select |
1289 | |
1290 | Extract selected sections of POD from input |
19799a22 |
1291 | |
3bf37fef |
1292 | =item Pod::Simple |
1293 | |
1294 | Framework for parsing Pod |
1295 | |
1296 | =item Pod::Simple::Checker |
1297 | |
1298 | Check the Pod syntax of a document |
1299 | |
1300 | =item Pod::Simple::Debug |
1301 | |
1302 | Put Pod::Simple into trace/debug mode |
1303 | |
1304 | =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsText |
1305 | |
1306 | Dump Pod-parsing events as text |
1307 | |
1308 | =item Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML |
1309 | |
1310 | Turn Pod into XML |
1311 | |
1312 | =item Pod::Simple::HTML |
1313 | |
1314 | Convert Pod to HTML |
1315 | |
1316 | =item Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch |
1317 | |
1318 | Convert several Pod files to several HTML files |
1319 | |
1320 | =item Pod::Simple::LinkSection |
1321 | |
1322 | Represent "section" attributes of L codes |
1323 | |
1324 | =item Pod::Simple::Methody |
1325 | |
1326 | Turn Pod::Simple events into method calls |
1327 | |
1328 | =item Pod::Simple::PullParser |
1329 | |
1330 | A pull-parser interface to parsing Pod |
1331 | |
1332 | =item Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken |
1333 | |
1334 | End-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser |
1335 | |
1336 | =item Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken |
1337 | |
1338 | Start-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser |
1339 | |
1340 | =item Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken |
1341 | |
1342 | Text-tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser |
1343 | |
1344 | =item Pod::Simple::PullParserToken |
1345 | |
1346 | Tokens from Pod::Simple::PullParser |
1347 | |
1348 | =item Pod::Simple::RTF |
1349 | |
1350 | Format Pod as RTF |
1351 | |
1352 | =item Pod::Simple::Search |
1353 | |
1354 | Find POD documents in directory trees |
1355 | |
1356 | =item Pod::Simple::SimpleTree |
1357 | |
1358 | Parse Pod into a simple parse tree |
1359 | |
1360 | =item Pod::Simple::Subclassing |
1361 | |
1362 | Write a formatter as a Pod::Simple subclass |
1363 | |
1364 | =item Pod::Simple::Text |
1365 | |
1366 | Format Pod as plaintext |
1367 | |
1368 | =item Pod::Simple::TextContent |
1369 | |
1370 | Get the text content of Pod |
1371 | |
1372 | =item Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream |
1373 | |
1374 | Turn Pod into XML |
1375 | |
19799a22 |
1376 | =item Pod::Text |
1377 | |
9e107c59 |
1378 | Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text |
1379 | |
1380 | =item Pod::Text::Color |
1381 | |
1382 | Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text |
1383 | |
4e860d0a |
1384 | =item Pod::Text::Overstrike |
1385 | |
1386 | Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text |
1387 | |
2e1d04bc |
1388 | =item Pod::Text::Termcap |
1389 | |
1390 | Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes |
1391 | |
9e107c59 |
1392 | =item Pod::Usage |
1393 | |
1394 | Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation |
f102b883 |
1395 | |
ec90690f |
1396 | =item SDBM_File |
1397 | |
1398 | Tied access to sdbm files |
1399 | |
1400 | =item Safe |
1401 | |
1402 | Compile and execute code in restricted compartments |
1403 | |
7ef5744c |
1404 | =item Scalar::Util |
1405 | |
1406 | A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines |
1407 | |
f102b883 |
1408 | =item Search::Dict |
1409 | |
9e107c59 |
1410 | Search for key in dictionary file |
f102b883 |
1411 | |
1412 | =item SelectSaver |
1413 | |
9e107c59 |
1414 | Save and restore selected file handle |
f102b883 |
1415 | |
1416 | =item SelfLoader |
1417 | |
9e107c59 |
1418 | Load functions only on demand |
f102b883 |
1419 | |
1420 | =item Shell |
1421 | |
2e1d04bc |
1422 | Run shell commands transparently within perl |
f102b883 |
1423 | |
ec90690f |
1424 | =item Socket |
1425 | |
1426 | Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators |
1427 | |
1428 | =item Storable |
1429 | |
1430 | Persistence for Perl data structures |
1431 | |
4e860d0a |
1432 | =item Switch |
1433 | |
1434 | A switch statement for Perl |
1435 | |
f102b883 |
1436 | =item Symbol |
1437 | |
9e107c59 |
1438 | Manipulate Perl symbols and their names |
f102b883 |
1439 | |
7ef5744c |
1440 | =item Sys::Hostname |
1441 | |
1442 | Try every conceivable way to get hostname |
1443 | |
1444 | =item Sys::Syslog |
1445 | |
1446 | Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls |
1447 | |
2e1d04bc |
1448 | =item Term::ANSIColor |
f102b883 |
1449 | |
2e1d04bc |
1450 | Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences |
f102b883 |
1451 | |
1452 | =item Term::Cap |
1453 | |
2e1d04bc |
1454 | Perl termcap interface |
f102b883 |
1455 | |
1456 | =item Term::Complete |
1457 | |
2e1d04bc |
1458 | Perl word completion module |
f102b883 |
1459 | |
1460 | =item Term::ReadLine |
1461 | |
7ef5744c |
1462 | Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. |
19799a22 |
1463 | |
1464 | =item Test |
1465 | |
9e107c59 |
1466 | Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts |
f102b883 |
1467 | |
1bb908c3 |
1468 | =item Test::Builder |
1469 | |
1470 | Backend for building test libraries |
1471 | |
3bf37fef |
1472 | =item Test::Builder::Module |
1473 | |
1474 | Base class for test modules |
1475 | |
1476 | =item Test::Builder::Tester |
1477 | |
1478 | Test testsuites that have been built with |
1479 | |
1480 | =item Test::Builder::Tester::Color |
1481 | |
1482 | Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester |
1483 | |
f102b883 |
1484 | =item Test::Harness |
1485 | |
f262848d |
1486 | Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics |
f102b883 |
1487 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1488 | =item Test::Harness::Assert |
1489 | |
1490 | Simple assert |
1491 | |
1492 | =item Test::Harness::Iterator |
1493 | |
1494 | Internal Test::Harness Iterator |
1495 | |
97a1d740 |
1496 | =item Test::Harness::Point |
1497 | |
1498 | Object for tracking a single test point |
1499 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1500 | =item Test::Harness::Straps |
1501 | |
1502 | Detailed analysis of test results |
1503 | |
407700fe |
1504 | =item Test::Harness::TAP |
1505 | |
1506 | Documentation for the TAP format |
1507 | |
7a49b635 |
1508 | =item Test::More |
1509 | |
1510 | Yet another framework for writing test scripts |
1511 | |
1512 | =item Test::Simple |
1513 | |
1514 | Basic utilities for writing tests. |
1515 | |
e61ecf27 |
1516 | =item Test::Tutorial |
1517 | |
1518 | A tutorial about writing really basic tests |
1519 | |
f102b883 |
1520 | =item Text::Abbrev |
1521 | |
9e107c59 |
1522 | Create an abbreviation table from a list |
f102b883 |
1523 | |
4e860d0a |
1524 | =item Text::Balanced |
1525 | |
1526 | Extract delimited text sequences from strings. |
1527 | |
f102b883 |
1528 | =item Text::ParseWords |
1529 | |
2e1d04bc |
1530 | Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays |
f102b883 |
1531 | |
1532 | =item Text::Soundex |
1533 | |
2e1d04bc |
1534 | Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth |
f102b883 |
1535 | |
4e860d0a |
1536 | =item Text::Tabs |
1537 | |
1538 | Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) |
1539 | |
f102b883 |
1540 | =item Text::Wrap |
1541 | |
9e107c59 |
1542 | Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs |
19799a22 |
1543 | |
1bb908c3 |
1544 | =item Thread |
1545 | |
416e7255 |
1546 | Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) |
1bb908c3 |
1547 | |
ec90690f |
1548 | =item Thread::Queue |
1549 | |
83272a45 |
1550 | Thread-safe queues |
ec90690f |
1551 | |
1552 | =item Thread::Semaphore |
1553 | |
83272a45 |
1554 | Thread-safe semaphores |
ec90690f |
1555 | |
7ef5744c |
1556 | =item Thread::Signal |
1557 | |
1558 | Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code) |
1559 | |
1560 | =item Thread::Specific |
1561 | |
1562 | Thread-specific keys |
1563 | |
19799a22 |
1564 | =item Tie::Array |
1565 | |
9e107c59 |
1566 | Base class for tied arrays |
19799a22 |
1567 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1568 | =item Tie::File |
1569 | |
1570 | Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array |
1571 | |
19799a22 |
1572 | =item Tie::Handle |
1573 | |
9e107c59 |
1574 | Base class definitions for tied handles |
19799a22 |
1575 | |
9e107c59 |
1576 | =item Tie::Hash |
f102b883 |
1577 | |
9e107c59 |
1578 | Base class definitions for tied hashes |
f102b883 |
1579 | |
d63e6bb6 |
1580 | =item Tie::Memoize |
1581 | |
1582 | Add data to hash when needed |
1583 | |
f102b883 |
1584 | =item Tie::RefHash |
1585 | |
9e107c59 |
1586 | Use references as hash keys |
f102b883 |
1587 | |
9e107c59 |
1588 | =item Tie::Scalar |
f102b883 |
1589 | |
9e107c59 |
1590 | Base class definitions for tied scalars |
f102b883 |
1591 | |
1592 | =item Tie::SubstrHash |
1593 | |
19799a22 |
1594 | Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing |
f102b883 |
1595 | |
7ef5744c |
1596 | =item Time::HiRes |
1597 | |
1598 | High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers |
1599 | |
f102b883 |
1600 | =item Time::Local |
1601 | |
9e107c59 |
1602 | Efficiently compute time from local and GMT time |
f102b883 |
1603 | |
1604 | =item Time::gmtime |
1605 | |
9e107c59 |
1606 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function |
f102b883 |
1607 | |
1608 | =item Time::localtime |
1609 | |
9e107c59 |
1610 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function |
f102b883 |
1611 | |
1612 | =item Time::tm |
1613 | |
9e107c59 |
1614 | Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime |
f102b883 |
1615 | |
1616 | =item UNIVERSAL |
1617 | |
9e107c59 |
1618 | Base class for ALL classes (blessed references) |
f102b883 |
1619 | |
e61ecf27 |
1620 | =item Unicode::Collate |
1621 | |
ec90690f |
1622 | Unicode Collation Algorithm |
e61ecf27 |
1623 | |
7ef5744c |
1624 | =item Unicode::Normalize |
1625 | |
1626 | Unicode Normalization Forms |
1627 | |
e61ecf27 |
1628 | =item Unicode::UCD |
fbe3d936 |
1629 | |
1630 | Unicode character database |
1631 | |
f102b883 |
1632 | =item User::grent |
1633 | |
9e107c59 |
1634 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions |
f102b883 |
1635 | |
1636 | =item User::pwent |
1637 | |
9e107c59 |
1638 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions |
f102b883 |
1639 | |
7ef5744c |
1640 | =item XS::APItest |
1641 | |
1642 | Test the perl C API |
1643 | |
1644 | =item XS::Typemap |
1645 | |
1646 | Module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl |
1647 | |
1648 | =item XSLoader |
1649 | |
1650 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code |
1651 | |
f102b883 |
1652 | =back |
1653 | |
19799a22 |
1654 | To find out I<all> modules installed on your system, including |
2e1d04bc |
1655 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, |
a4373870 |
1656 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, |
1657 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). |
f102b883 |
1658 | |
a4373870 |
1659 | % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \ |
1660 | 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\.pm\z/ }, |
1661 | no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' |
f102b883 |
1662 | |
8518420c |
1663 | (The -T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in @INC.) |
2e1d04bc |
1664 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible |
1665 | via your system man(1) command. If you do not have a B<find> |
19799a22 |
1666 | program, you can use the Perl B<find2perl> program instead, which |
1667 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you |
1668 | have a B<man> program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have |
2e1d04bc |
1669 | to fix your manpath. See L<perl> for details. If you have no |
1670 | system B<man> command, you might try the B<perldoc> program. |
f102b883 |
1671 | |
8518420c |
1672 | Note also that the command C<perldoc perllocal> gives you a (possibly |
1673 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on |
1674 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker |
1675 | install process.) |
1676 | |
f102b883 |
1677 | =head2 Extension Modules |
1678 | |
19799a22 |
1679 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They |
1680 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, |
d1be9408 |
1681 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules |
19799a22 |
1682 | include Socket, Fcntl, and POSIX. |
f102b883 |
1683 | |
1684 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not |
19799a22 |
1685 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time |
1686 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of |
1687 | platforms on which Perl was beta-tested. You are encouraged to |
1688 | look for them on CPAN (described below), or using web search engines |
7ef5744c |
1689 | like Alta Vista or Google. |
f102b883 |
1690 | |
1691 | =head1 CPAN |
1692 | |
19799a22 |
1693 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally |
1694 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style |
2e1d04bc |
1695 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and |
19799a22 |
1696 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for |
1577cd80 |
1697 | CPAN can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ |
19799a22 |
1698 | |
1699 | Most importantly, CPAN includes around a thousand unbundled modules, |
1700 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of |
1701 | modules are: |
f102b883 |
1702 | |
4e860d0a |
1703 | =over |
f102b883 |
1704 | |
1705 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1706 | |
f102b883 |
1707 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools |
1708 | |
1709 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1710 | |
f102b883 |
1711 | Development Support |
1712 | |
1713 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1714 | |
f102b883 |
1715 | Operating System Interfaces |
1716 | |
1717 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1718 | |
f102b883 |
1719 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication |
1720 | |
1721 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1722 | |
f102b883 |
1723 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities |
1724 | |
1725 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1726 | |
f102b883 |
1727 | Database Interfaces |
1728 | |
1729 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1730 | |
f102b883 |
1731 | User Interfaces |
1732 | |
1733 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1734 | |
f102b883 |
1735 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages |
1736 | |
1737 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1738 | |
f102b883 |
1739 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) |
1740 | |
1741 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1742 | |
f102b883 |
1743 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching |
1744 | |
1745 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1746 | |
f102b883 |
1747 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing |
1748 | |
1749 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1750 | |
f102b883 |
1751 | Internationalization and Locale |
1752 | |
1753 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1754 | |
f102b883 |
1755 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption |
1756 | |
1757 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1758 | |
f102b883 |
1759 | World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME |
1760 | |
1761 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1762 | |
f102b883 |
1763 | Server and Daemon Utilities |
1764 | |
1765 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1766 | |
f102b883 |
1767 | Archiving and Compression |
1768 | |
1769 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1770 | |
f102b883 |
1771 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing |
1772 | |
1773 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1774 | |
f102b883 |
1775 | Mail and Usenet News |
1776 | |
1777 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1778 | |
f102b883 |
1779 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) |
1780 | |
1781 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1782 | |
f102b883 |
1783 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities |
1784 | |
1785 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
1786 | |
f102b883 |
1787 | Miscellaneous Modules |
1788 | |
1789 | =back |
1790 | |
5df44211 |
1791 | The list of the registered CPAN sites as of this writing follows. |
1792 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: |
1793 | |
1794 | Continent |
1795 | | |
1796 | |-->Country |
1797 | | |
1798 | |-->[state/province] |
1799 | | |
1800 | |-->ftp |
1801 | | |
1802 | |-->[http] |
1803 | |
1804 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the |
1805 | European and the South American sites. |
1806 | |
1807 | You should try to choose one close to you. |
f102b883 |
1808 | |
4e860d0a |
1809 | =head2 Africa |
1810 | |
cea6626f |
1811 | =over 4 |
f102b883 |
1812 | |
5df44211 |
1813 | =item South Africa |
4e860d0a |
1814 | |
5c5c2539 |
1815 | http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
1816 | ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
1817 | ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
1818 | ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ |
1819 | ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1820 | |
1821 | =back |
1822 | |
1823 | =head2 Asia |
1824 | |
1825 | =over 4 |
1826 | |
5df44211 |
1827 | =item China |
4e860d0a |
1828 | |
5c5c2539 |
1829 | http://cpan.linuxforum.net/ |
5df44211 |
1830 | http://cpan.shellhung.org/ |
1831 | ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
1832 | ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN |
37a78d01 |
1833 | |
5df44211 |
1834 | =item Indonesia |
37a78d01 |
1835 | |
5c5c2539 |
1836 | http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/ |
5df44211 |
1837 | http://cpan.cbn.net.id/ |
1838 | ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN |
37a78d01 |
1839 | |
5df44211 |
1840 | =item Israel |
37a78d01 |
1841 | |
5df44211 |
1842 | ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/ |
1843 | http://cpan.lerner.co.il/ |
1844 | http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ |
1845 | ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
1846 | |
5df44211 |
1847 | =item Japan |
37a78d01 |
1848 | |
5df44211 |
1849 | ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN |
1850 | ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
1851 | ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/ |
1852 | ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
1853 | http://ftp.cpan.jp/ |
1854 | ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
1855 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
1856 | ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
1857 | |
5c5c2539 |
1858 | =item Malaysia |
37a78d01 |
1859 | |
5c5c2539 |
1860 | http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my |
1861 | http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN |
1862 | http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
1863 | |
5df44211 |
1864 | =item Russian Federation |
4e860d0a |
1865 | |
5df44211 |
1866 | http://cpan.tomsk.ru |
7a142657 |
1867 | ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/ |
4e860d0a |
1868 | |
5df44211 |
1869 | =item Saudi Arabia |
4e860d0a |
1870 | |
5df44211 |
1871 | ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1872 | |
5df44211 |
1873 | =item Singapore |
4e860d0a |
1874 | |
5c5c2539 |
1875 | http://CPAN.en.com.sg/ |
1876 | ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/ |
5df44211 |
1877 | http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN |
1878 | ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
1879 | http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org |
1880 | ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan |
4e860d0a |
1881 | |
5df44211 |
1882 | =item South Korea |
4e860d0a |
1883 | |
5df44211 |
1884 | http://CPAN.bora.net/ |
1885 | ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
1886 | http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN |
1887 | ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
1888 | |
5df44211 |
1889 | =item Taiwan |
4e860d0a |
1890 | |
5df44211 |
1891 | ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
1892 | http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ |
1893 | ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN |
1894 | http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN |
1895 | ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
1896 | ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ |
1897 | http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ |
1898 | ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
1899 | |
5df44211 |
1900 | =item Thailand |
4e860d0a |
1901 | |
5df44211 |
1902 | ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/ |
1903 | ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1904 | |
1905 | =back |
1906 | |
1907 | =head2 Central America |
1908 | |
1909 | =over 4 |
1910 | |
5df44211 |
1911 | =item Costa Rica |
4e860d0a |
1912 | |
5df44211 |
1913 | http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/ |
1914 | ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1915 | |
1916 | =back |
1917 | |
1918 | =head2 Europe |
1919 | |
1920 | =over 4 |
1921 | |
5df44211 |
1922 | =item Austria |
4e860d0a |
1923 | |
639f8edf |
1924 | http://cpan.inode.at/ |
1925 | ftp://cpan.inode.at |
5df44211 |
1926 | ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1927 | |
5df44211 |
1928 | =item Belgium |
4e860d0a |
1929 | |
5df44211 |
1930 | http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ |
1931 | ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ |
1932 | http://cpan.skynet.be |
5c5c2539 |
1933 | ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
1934 | ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1935 | |
7a142657 |
1936 | =item Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1937 | |
1938 | http://cpan.blic.net/ |
1939 | |
5df44211 |
1940 | =item Bulgaria |
4e860d0a |
1941 | |
5c5c2539 |
1942 | http://cpan.online.bg |
1943 | ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan |
1944 | http://cpan.zadnik.org |
1945 | ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
1946 | http://cpan.lirex.net/ |
1947 | ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
1948 | |
5df44211 |
1949 | =item Croatia |
4e860d0a |
1950 | |
5df44211 |
1951 | http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
1952 | ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1953 | |
5df44211 |
1954 | =item Czech Republic |
4e860d0a |
1955 | |
5df44211 |
1956 | ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ |
1957 | ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1958 | |
5df44211 |
1959 | =item Denmark |
4e860d0a |
1960 | |
5df44211 |
1961 | http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/ |
1962 | ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/ |
1963 | http://cpan.cybercity.dk |
1964 | http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/ |
1965 | ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1966 | |
5df44211 |
1967 | =item Estonia |
4e860d0a |
1968 | |
5df44211 |
1969 | ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
1970 | |
5df44211 |
1971 | =item Finland |
4e860d0a |
1972 | |
5df44211 |
1973 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
1974 | http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
1975 | |
5df44211 |
1976 | =item France |
37a78d01 |
1977 | |
5c5c2539 |
1978 | http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN |
5df44211 |
1979 | http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN |
1980 | ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN |
1981 | http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/ |
1982 | ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/ |
1983 | ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
1984 | http://fr.cpan.org/ |
1985 | ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
1986 | ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
1987 | ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ |
1988 | http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org |
1989 | ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org |
5c5c2539 |
1990 | http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
1991 | ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
5df44211 |
1992 | http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN |
1993 | ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN |
5df44211 |
1994 | ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ |
1995 | ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
1996 | |
5df44211 |
1997 | =item Germany |
37a78d01 |
1998 | |
5c5c2539 |
1999 | ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2000 | ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ |
2001 | ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ |
2002 | ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN |
2003 | http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ |
2004 | ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ |
2005 | http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2006 | ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2007 | ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
2008 | ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/ |
2009 | http://cpan.noris.de/ |
2010 | ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ |
2011 | ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
2012 | ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2013 | |
5df44211 |
2014 | =item Greece |
4e860d0a |
2015 | |
5c5c2539 |
2016 | ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl |
5df44211 |
2017 | ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
2018 | ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ |
4e860d0a |
2019 | |
5df44211 |
2020 | =item Hungary |
4e860d0a |
2021 | |
5df44211 |
2022 | http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
2023 | ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2024 | |
5df44211 |
2025 | =item Iceland |
4e860d0a |
2026 | |
5df44211 |
2027 | http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ |
2028 | ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2029 | |
5df44211 |
2030 | =item Ireland |
4e860d0a |
2031 | |
5df44211 |
2032 | http://cpan.indigo.ie/ |
2033 | ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2034 | http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN |
2035 | ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2036 | http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ |
2037 | ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ |
4e860d0a |
2038 | |
5df44211 |
2039 | =item Italy |
4e860d0a |
2040 | |
5df44211 |
2041 | http://cpan.nettuno.it/ |
2042 | http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/ |
2043 | ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN |
2044 | http://softcity.iol.it/cpan |
2045 | ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan |
2046 | ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/ |
2047 | ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ |
2048 | ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ |
2049 | ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/ |
5c5c2539 |
2050 | http://cpan.flashnet.it/ |
5df44211 |
2051 | ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2052 | |
5df44211 |
2053 | =item Latvia |
4e860d0a |
2054 | |
5df44211 |
2055 | http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2056 | |
5df44211 |
2057 | =item Lithuania |
4e860d0a |
2058 | |
5df44211 |
2059 | ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2060 | |
5df44211 |
2061 | =item Netherlands |
4e860d0a |
2062 | |
5df44211 |
2063 | ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
2064 | ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2065 | ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2066 | http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/ |
2067 | ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
2068 | ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2069 | ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ |
2070 | http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN |
2071 | ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN |
2072 | http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ |
2073 | ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2074 | |
5df44211 |
2075 | =item Norway |
2076 | |
2077 | ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
2078 | ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ |
2079 | |
2080 | =item Poland |
2081 | |
639f8edf |
2082 | ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2083 | ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ |
2084 | ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ |
2085 | |
2086 | =item Portugal |
2087 | |
2088 | ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ |
2089 | ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/ |
2090 | http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ |
2091 | ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
2092 | ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN |
2093 | http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN |
2094 | ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2095 | http://cpan.ip.pt/ |
2096 | ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ |
5c5c2539 |
2097 | http://cpan.telepac.pt/ |
2098 | ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/ |
4e860d0a |
2099 | |
5df44211 |
2100 | =item Romania |
4e860d0a |
2101 | |
5c5c2539 |
2102 | ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2103 | ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2104 | ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
2105 | ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2106 | ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/ |
5c5c2539 |
2107 | ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ |
2108 | http://cpan.ambra.ro/ |
2109 | ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2110 | ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ |
2111 | ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN |
2112 | ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2113 | |
5df44211 |
2114 | =item Russia |
4e860d0a |
2115 | |
5df44211 |
2116 | ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
2117 | http://cpan.rinet.ru/ |
2118 | ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
2119 | ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2120 | ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2121 | http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/ |
2122 | ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2123 | |
5df44211 |
2124 | =item Slovakia |
4e860d0a |
2125 | |
5df44211 |
2126 | ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2127 | |
5df44211 |
2128 | =item Slovenia |
4e860d0a |
2129 | |
5df44211 |
2130 | ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2131 | |
5df44211 |
2132 | =item Spain |
4e860d0a |
2133 | |
5df44211 |
2134 | http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/ |
2135 | ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ |
639f8edf |
2136 | ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2137 | ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ |
4e860d0a |
2138 | |
5df44211 |
2139 | =item Sweden |
4e860d0a |
2140 | |
5df44211 |
2141 | http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/ |
2142 | ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2143 | http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2144 | ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN |
2145 | ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2146 | |
5df44211 |
2147 | =item Switzerland |
4e860d0a |
2148 | |
7a142657 |
2149 | http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/ |
2150 | ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2151 | ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/ |
2152 | ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2153 | |
5df44211 |
2154 | =item Turkey |
4e860d0a |
2155 | |
5df44211 |
2156 | http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/ |
2157 | ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN |
2158 | ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
2159 | |
5df44211 |
2160 | =item Ukraine |
37a78d01 |
2161 | |
5df44211 |
2162 | http://cpan.org.ua/ |
2163 | ftp://cpan.org.ua/ |
2164 | ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2165 | http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/ |
2166 | ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
2167 | |
5df44211 |
2168 | =item United Kingdom |
556e28cf |
2169 | |
5df44211 |
2170 | http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
2171 | ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2172 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ |
2173 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
2174 | http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ |
2175 | ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2176 | http://cpan.etla.org/ |
2177 | ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2178 | ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ |
2179 | http://cpan.m.flirble.org/ |
2180 | ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2181 | ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2182 | http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/ |
5df44211 |
2183 | http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/ |
2184 | ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2185 | ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/ |
556e28cf |
2186 | |
4e860d0a |
2187 | =back |
2188 | |
2189 | =head2 North America |
2190 | |
2191 | =over 4 |
2192 | |
5c5c2539 |
2193 | =item Canada |
2194 | |
7a142657 |
2195 | =over 8 |
5c5c2539 |
2196 | |
5df44211 |
2197 | =item Alberta |
4e860d0a |
2198 | |
5c5c2539 |
2199 | http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/ |
2200 | ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2201 | |
5df44211 |
2202 | =item Manitoba |
4e860d0a |
2203 | |
5df44211 |
2204 | http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
2205 | ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2206 | |
5df44211 |
2207 | =item Nova Scotia |
4e860d0a |
2208 | |
5df44211 |
2209 | ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2210 | |
5df44211 |
2211 | =item Ontario |
4e860d0a |
2212 | |
5c5c2539 |
2213 | ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
2214 | |
7a142657 |
2215 | =back |
2216 | |
5df44211 |
2217 | =item Mexico |
37a78d01 |
2218 | |
5df44211 |
2219 | http://cpan.azc.uam.mx |
2220 | ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN |
7a142657 |
2221 | http://www.cpan.unam.mx/ |
2222 | ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2223 | http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ |
2224 | ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ |
37a78d01 |
2225 | |
5c5c2539 |
2226 | =item United States |
556e28cf |
2227 | |
7a142657 |
2228 | =over 8 |
4e860d0a |
2229 | |
5df44211 |
2230 | =item Alabama |
4e860d0a |
2231 | |
5df44211 |
2232 | http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ |
2233 | ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2234 | |
5df44211 |
2235 | =item California |
4e860d0a |
2236 | |
5df44211 |
2237 | http://cpan.develooper.com/ |
2238 | http://www.cpan.org/ |
2239 | ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2240 | http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
2241 | ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2242 | http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN |
2243 | ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
2244 | http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ |
2245 | ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN |
7a142657 |
2246 | http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/ |
2247 | ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2248 | http://cpan.digisle.net/ |
2249 | ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN |
2250 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2251 | http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2252 | |
5df44211 |
2253 | =item Colorado |
4e860d0a |
2254 | |
5df44211 |
2255 | ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2256 | http://cpan.four10.com |
4e860d0a |
2257 | |
5df44211 |
2258 | =item Delaware |
4e860d0a |
2259 | |
5df44211 |
2260 | http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN |
2261 | ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2262 | |
5df44211 |
2263 | =item District of Columbia |
4e860d0a |
2264 | |
5df44211 |
2265 | ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2266 | |
5df44211 |
2267 | =item Florida |
37a78d01 |
2268 | |
5df44211 |
2269 | ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
2270 | http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
2271 | ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
2272 | http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/ |
37a78d01 |
2273 | |
5df44211 |
2274 | =item Indiana |
4e860d0a |
2275 | |
5df44211 |
2276 | ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
2277 | http://cpan.netnitco.net/ |
2278 | ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
2279 | http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ |
2280 | ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2281 | http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN |
2282 | ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2283 | http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN |
2284 | ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2285 | |
5df44211 |
2286 | =item Kentucky |
4e860d0a |
2287 | |
5df44211 |
2288 | http://cpan.uky.edu/ |
2289 | ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2290 | http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan |
2291 | ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2292 | |
5df44211 |
2293 | =item Massachusetts |
4e860d0a |
2294 | |
5c5c2539 |
2295 | http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN |
2296 | ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2297 | ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2298 | |
5df44211 |
2299 | =item Michigan |
4e860d0a |
2300 | |
5df44211 |
2301 | ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ |
639f8edf |
2302 | http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN |
2303 | ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2304 | |
5c5c2539 |
2305 | =item Nevada |
2306 | |
2307 | http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN |
2308 | ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN |
2309 | |
5df44211 |
2310 | =item New Jersey |
4e860d0a |
2311 | |
5c5c2539 |
2312 | http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2313 | ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2314 | http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ |
2315 | ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2316 | |
5df44211 |
2317 | =item New York |
4e860d0a |
2318 | |
5df44211 |
2319 | http://cpan.belfry.net/ |
5c5c2539 |
2320 | http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ |
2321 | ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/ |
5df44211 |
2322 | http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ |
2323 | ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ |
2324 | ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2325 | http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ |
2326 | ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ |
4e860d0a |
2327 | |
5df44211 |
2328 | =item North Carolina |
4e860d0a |
2329 | |
7a142657 |
2330 | http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
2331 | ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
5df44211 |
2332 | ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ |
5c5c2539 |
2333 | ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2334 | |
5df44211 |
2335 | =item Oklahoma |
4e860d0a |
2336 | |
5df44211 |
2337 | ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2338 | |
5df44211 |
2339 | =item Oregon |
4e860d0a |
2340 | |
5df44211 |
2341 | ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2342 | |
5df44211 |
2343 | =item Pennsylvania |
4e860d0a |
2344 | |
5df44211 |
2345 | http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ |
2346 | ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ |
2347 | http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2348 | ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2349 | http://cpan.pair.com/ |
2350 | ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2351 | ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2352 | |
5df44211 |
2353 | =item Tennessee |
4e860d0a |
2354 | |
5df44211 |
2355 | ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2356 | |
5df44211 |
2357 | =item Texas |
4e860d0a |
2358 | |
5df44211 |
2359 | http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2360 | http://www.binarycode.org/cpan |
5df44211 |
2361 | ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN |
5c5c2539 |
2362 | http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2363 | |
5df44211 |
2364 | =item Utah |
4e860d0a |
2365 | |
5df44211 |
2366 | ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2367 | |
5df44211 |
2368 | =item Virginia |
4e860d0a |
2369 | |
7a142657 |
2370 | http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/ |
2371 | ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ |
5df44211 |
2372 | http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
2373 | ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
2374 | http://perl.secsup.org/ |
2375 | ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ |
5c5c2539 |
2376 | http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2377 | |
5c5c2539 |
2378 | =item Washington |
4e860d0a |
2379 | |
5df44211 |
2380 | http://cpan.llarian.net/ |
2381 | ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ |
2382 | http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/ |
2383 | ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2384 | ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ |
556e28cf |
2385 | |
5df44211 |
2386 | =item Wisconsin |
556e28cf |
2387 | |
5df44211 |
2388 | http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
2389 | ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2390 | http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN |
2391 | ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN |
4e860d0a |
2392 | |
2393 | =back |
2394 | |
5c5c2539 |
2395 | =back |
2396 | |
4e860d0a |
2397 | =head2 Oceania |
2398 | |
2399 | =over 4 |
2400 | |
5df44211 |
2401 | =item Australia |
4e860d0a |
2402 | |
5df44211 |
2403 | http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2404 | ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ |
2405 | ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
2406 | ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ |
7a142657 |
2407 | http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au |
4e860d0a |
2408 | |
5df44211 |
2409 | =item New Zealand |
556e28cf |
2410 | |
5df44211 |
2411 | ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2412 | |
2413 | =item United States |
2414 | |
2415 | http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ |
2416 | ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ |
4e860d0a |
2417 | |
2418 | =back |
2419 | |
2420 | =head2 South America |
2421 | |
2422 | =over 4 |
2423 | |
5df44211 |
2424 | =item Argentina |
4e860d0a |
2425 | |
5df44211 |
2426 | ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2427 | http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan |
2428 | ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan |
4e860d0a |
2429 | |
5df44211 |
2430 | =item Brazil |
4e860d0a |
2431 | |
5df44211 |
2432 | ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ |
2433 | ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
5c5c2539 |
2434 | http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ |
2435 | ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ |
4e860d0a |
2436 | |
5df44211 |
2437 | =item Chile |
4e860d0a |
2438 | |
5df44211 |
2439 | http://cpan.netglobalis.net/ |
2440 | ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/ |
f102b883 |
2441 | |
2442 | =back |
2443 | |
5df44211 |
2444 | =head2 RSYNC Mirrors |
2445 | |
7a142657 |
2446 | www.linux.org.ar::cpan |
2447 | theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN |
2448 | ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN |
2449 | rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN |
2450 | ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN |
2451 | mir1.ovh.net::CPAN |
2452 | rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN |
2453 | ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
2454 | ftp.leo.org::CPAN |
2455 | ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN |
2456 | rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN |
2457 | ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN |
2458 | gusp.dyndns.org::cpan |
2459 | ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan |
2460 | ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/ |
2461 | mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN |
2462 | rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN |
2463 | mirror.averse.net::cpan |
2464 | rsync.oss.eznetsols.org |
2465 | ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN |
2466 | ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN |
2467 | cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN |
2468 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN |
2469 | rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN |
2470 | ftp.sedl.org::cpan |
2471 | ibiblio.org::CPAN |
2472 | cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN |
2473 | aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN |
2474 | archive.progeny.com::CPAN |
2475 | rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN |
2476 | mirror.aphix.com::CPAN |
2477 | cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN |
2478 | ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan |
2479 | mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN |
2480 | mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN |
2481 | cpan.pair.com::CPAN |
2482 | cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN |
2483 | mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN |
2484 | csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN |
5df44211 |
2485 | |
f102b883 |
2486 | For an up-to-date listing of CPAN sites, |
4e860d0a |
2487 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . |
f102b883 |
2488 | |
2489 | =head1 Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse |
2490 | |
2491 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules |
2492 | file, available at your nearest CPAN site.) |
2493 | |
2494 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a |
2495 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a |
2496 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be |
2497 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its |
2498 | first argument, either the name of a package (for "static" methods), |
2499 | or a reference to something (for "virtual" methods). |
2500 | |
2501 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same |
2502 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be |
2503 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of |
2504 | its methods by loading dynamic C or C++ objects, but that should be |
2505 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module |
2506 | might set up an AUTOLOAD function to slurp in subroutine definitions on |
2507 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the F<.pm> file is required to |
2e1d04bc |
2508 | exist. See L<perlsub>, L<perltoot>, and L<AutoLoader> for details about |
f102b883 |
2509 | the AUTOLOAD mechanism. |
2510 | |
2511 | =head2 Guidelines for Module Creation |
2512 | |
2513 | =over 4 |
2514 | |
4e860d0a |
2515 | =item * |
2516 | |
2517 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? |
f102b883 |
2518 | |
2519 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or |
2520 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not |
2521 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on |
2522 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. |
2523 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing |
2524 | with command line options. |
2525 | |
2526 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of |
2527 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It |
2528 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction |
2529 | scheme as the original author. |
2530 | |
4e860d0a |
2531 | =item * |
2532 | |
2533 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. |
f102b883 |
2534 | |
9f1b1f2d |
2535 | Try to C<use warnings;> (or C<use warnings qw(...);>). |
2536 | Remember that you can add C<no warnings qw(...);> to individual blocks |
2e1d04bc |
2537 | of code that need less warnings. |
19799a22 |
2538 | |
f102b883 |
2539 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless |
2540 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, |
2541 | e.g.,: |
2542 | |
2543 | sub new { |
2e1d04bc |
2544 | my $class = shift; |
2545 | return bless {}, $class; |
f102b883 |
2546 | } |
2547 | |
2548 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static |
2549 | or a virtual method. |
2550 | |
2551 | sub new { |
2e1d04bc |
2552 | my $self = shift; |
2553 | my $class = ref($self) || $self; |
2554 | return bless {}, $class; |
f102b883 |
2555 | } |
2556 | |
2557 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later |
2558 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where |
2559 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. |
2560 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. |
2561 | |
2562 | Avoid class name tests like: C<die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'>. |
19799a22 |
2563 | Generally you can delete the C<eq 'FOO'> part with no harm at all. |
f102b883 |
2564 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired |
2565 | class names as far as possible. |
2566 | |
c47ff5f1 |
2567 | Avoid C<< $r->Class::func() >> where using C<@ISA=qw(... Class ...)> and |
2568 | C<< $r->func() >> would work (see L<perlbot> for more details). |
f102b883 |
2569 | |
2570 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a |
5a964f20 |
2571 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to |
f102b883 |
2572 | the module after __END__ either using AutoSplit or by saying: |
2573 | |
2574 | eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); |
2575 | |
2576 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say |
19799a22 |
2577 | C<@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);> your applications should be able |
f102b883 |
2578 | to use SUBCLASS in exactly the same way as YOURCLASS. For example, |
2579 | does your application still work if you change: C<$obj = new YOURCLASS;> |
2580 | into: C<$obj = new SUBCLASS;> ? |
2581 | |
2582 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it |
2583 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state |
2584 | information in objects. |
2585 | |
2e1d04bc |
2586 | Always use B<-w>. |
19799a22 |
2587 | |
2588 | Try to C<use strict;> (or C<use strict qw(...);>). |
f102b883 |
2589 | Remember that you can add C<no strict qw(...);> to individual blocks |
2e1d04bc |
2590 | of code that need less strictness. |
19799a22 |
2591 | |
2e1d04bc |
2592 | Always use B<-w>. |
19799a22 |
2593 | |
f102b883 |
2594 | Follow the guidelines in the perlstyle(1) manual. |
2595 | |
19799a22 |
2596 | Always use B<-w>. |
2597 | |
4e860d0a |
2598 | =item * |
2599 | |
2600 | Some simple style guidelines |
f102b883 |
2601 | |
5a964f20 |
2602 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. |
f102b883 |
2603 | |
2604 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their |
2605 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and |
2606 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that |
2607 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: |
2608 | |
2609 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read |
2610 | $var_names_like_this than $VarNamesLikeThis, especially for |
2611 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works |
2612 | consistently with VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS. |
2613 | |
2614 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally |
2615 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer |
2616 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and |
2617 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). |
2618 | |
2619 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope |
2620 | or nature of a variable. For example: |
2621 | |
5a964f20 |
2622 | $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) |
f102b883 |
2623 | $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static |
2624 | $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables |
2625 | |
2626 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. |
c47ff5f1 |
2627 | e.g., C<< $obj->as_string() >>. |
f102b883 |
2628 | |
2629 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or |
2630 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. |
2631 | |
4e860d0a |
2632 | =item * |
2633 | |
2634 | Select what to export. |
f102b883 |
2635 | |
2636 | Do NOT export method names! |
2637 | |
2638 | Do NOT export anything else by default without a good reason! |
2639 | |
2640 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must |
2641 | export try to use @EXPORT_OK in preference to @EXPORT and avoid |
2642 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. |
2643 | |
2644 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the |
c47ff5f1 |
2645 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or C<< $blessed_ref->method >>) |
f102b883 |
2646 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to |
2647 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. |
2648 | |
2649 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: |
2650 | C<my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;>. But there's no way to call that |
2651 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol |
2652 | table.) |
2653 | |
2654 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented |
2655 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then |
2656 | @EXPORT_OK anything but use @EXPORT with caution. |
2657 | |
4e860d0a |
2658 | =item * |
2659 | |
2660 | Select a name for the module. |
f102b883 |
2661 | |
2662 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as |
2663 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or |
2664 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special |
2665 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use |
2666 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. |
2667 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. |
2668 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. |
2669 | |
2670 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone |
2671 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :-). |
2672 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. |
2673 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc. |
2674 | |
2675 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good |
2676 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will |
2677 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, |
2678 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. |
2679 | |
2680 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's |
2681 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in |
2682 | those modules. |
2683 | |
165c0277 |
2684 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, |
2685 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure |
2686 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You |
2687 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by |
2688 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. |
2689 | |
f102b883 |
2690 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to |
2691 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is |
2692 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. |
2693 | |
4e860d0a |
2694 | =item * |
2695 | |
2696 | Have you got it right? |
f102b883 |
2697 | |
2698 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you |
2699 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have |
2700 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? |
2701 | |
2702 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, |
2703 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about |
2704 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask. |
2705 | |
2706 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its |
2707 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is |
2708 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored |
2709 | by busy people - generally the very people you want to read it!) |
2710 | |
2711 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be |
2712 | ready - just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting |
2713 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! |
2714 | |
4e860d0a |
2715 | =item * |
2716 | |
2717 | README and other Additional Files. |
f102b883 |
2718 | |
2719 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the |
2720 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of |
2721 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full |
2722 | documentation please at least provide a README file containing: |
2723 | |
2724 | =over 10 |
2725 | |
2726 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2727 | |
f102b883 |
2728 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. |
2729 | |
2730 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2731 | |
f102b883 |
2732 | A copyright notice - see below. |
2733 | |
2734 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2735 | |
f102b883 |
2736 | Prerequisites - what else you may need to have. |
2737 | |
2738 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2739 | |
f102b883 |
2740 | How to build it - possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. |
2741 | |
2742 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2743 | |
f102b883 |
2744 | How to install it. |
2745 | |
2746 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2747 | |
f102b883 |
2748 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities |
2749 | |
2750 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2751 | |
f102b883 |
2752 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. |
2753 | |
2754 | =back |
2755 | |
2756 | If the README file seems to be getting too large you may wish to |
2757 | split out some of the sections into separate files: INSTALL, |
2758 | Copying, ToDo etc. |
2759 | |
2760 | =over 4 |
2761 | |
37a78d01 |
2762 | =item * |
f102b883 |
2763 | |
37a78d01 |
2764 | Adding a Copyright Notice. |
4e860d0a |
2765 | |
f102b883 |
2766 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. |
2767 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make |
2768 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. |
2769 | |
2a551100 |
2770 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The GNU GPL |
2771 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files README, Copying, and Artistic, |
2772 | or L<perlgpl> and L<perlartistic>). Larry has good reasons for NOT |
2773 | just using the GNU GPL. |
f102b883 |
2774 | |
2775 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the |
5a964f20 |
2776 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: |
f102b883 |
2777 | |
2778 | Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. |
2779 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
2780 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. |
2781 | |
2782 | This statement should at least appear in the README file. You may |
2783 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. |
2784 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. |
2785 | |
4e860d0a |
2786 | =item * |
2787 | |
2788 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. |
f102b883 |
2789 | |
2790 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you |
2791 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package |
2792 | variable called $VERSION. This should be a floating point |
2793 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, |
2794 | e.g, C<$VERSION = "0.01">). Don't use a "1.3.2" style version. |
19799a22 |
2795 | See L<Exporter> for details. |
f102b883 |
2796 | |
2797 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. |
2798 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when |
2799 | releasing the module (ModuleName-1.02.tar.Z). |
2800 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. |
2801 | |
4e860d0a |
2802 | =item * |
2803 | |
2804 | How to release and distribute a module. |
f102b883 |
2805 | |
2806 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your |
2807 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce |
2808 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off |
2809 | distribution. |
2810 | |
2e1d04bc |
2811 | If possible, register the module with CPAN. You should |
f102b883 |
2812 | include details of its location in your announcement. |
2813 | |
2814 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file |
5a964f20 |
2815 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories |
f102b883 |
2816 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your |
2817 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification |
2818 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get |
2819 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed |
2820 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its |
2821 | location. |
2822 | |
2823 | FTP Archives for Perl Modules: |
2824 | |
6cecdcac |
2825 | Follow the instructions and links on: |
f102b883 |
2826 | |
4e860d0a |
2827 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html |
2828 | http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html |
f102b883 |
2829 | |
2830 | or upload to one of these sites: |
2831 | |
6cecdcac |
2832 | https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ |
2833 | http://pause.perl.org/pause/ |
f102b883 |
2834 | |
6cecdcac |
2835 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. |
f102b883 |
2836 | |
2837 | By using the WWW interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror |
2838 | your modules from your ftp or WWW site into your own directory on |
2839 | CPAN! |
2840 | |
2841 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! |
2842 | |
4e860d0a |
2843 | =item * |
2844 | |
2845 | Take care when changing a released module. |
f102b883 |
2846 | |
7b8d334a |
2847 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. |
2848 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the |
19799a22 |
2849 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. |
f102b883 |
2850 | |
2851 | =back |
2852 | |
2853 | =back |
2854 | |
2855 | =head2 Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules |
2856 | |
2857 | =over 4 |
2858 | |
4e860d0a |
2859 | =item * |
2860 | |
2861 | There is no requirement to convert anything. |
f102b883 |
2862 | |
2863 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should |
2864 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor |
2865 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but |
2866 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. |
2867 | |
4e860d0a |
2868 | =item * |
2869 | |
2870 | Consider the implications. |
f102b883 |
2871 | |
5a964f20 |
2872 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to |
f102b883 |
2873 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is |
2874 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? |
2875 | |
4e860d0a |
2876 | =item * |
2877 | |
2878 | Make the most of the opportunity. |
f102b883 |
2879 | |
2880 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the |
19799a22 |
2881 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module |
2882 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. |
f102b883 |
2883 | |
4e860d0a |
2884 | =item * |
2885 | |
2886 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. |
f102b883 |
2887 | |
2888 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write |
2889 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: |
2890 | |
2891 | =over 10 |
2892 | |
2893 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2894 | |
f102b883 |
2895 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines |
2896 | |
2897 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2898 | |
f102b883 |
2899 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: |
2900 | |
2901 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2902 | |
f102b883 |
2903 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) |
2904 | |
2905 | =item * |
4e860d0a |
2906 | |
f102b883 |
2907 | Several other minor changes |
2908 | |
2909 | =back |
2910 | |
2911 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted |
2912 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. |
2913 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! |
2914 | |
2915 | =back |
2916 | |
2917 | =head2 Guidelines for Reusing Application Code |
2918 | |
2919 | =over 4 |
2920 | |
4e860d0a |
2921 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
2922 | |
2923 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. |
f102b883 |
2924 | |
4e860d0a |
2925 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
2926 | |
2927 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. |
f102b883 |
2928 | |
2929 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy |
2930 | to reuse. |
2931 | |
4e860d0a |
2932 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
2933 | |
2934 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. |
f102b883 |
2935 | |
4e860d0a |
2936 | =item * |
551e1d92 |
2937 | |
2938 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. |
2939 | |
4e860d0a |
2940 | =item * |
f102b883 |
2941 | |
551e1d92 |
2942 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small |
f102b883 |
2943 | |
2944 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases |
2945 | the application could invoked as: |
2946 | |
5a964f20 |
2947 | % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... |
f102b883 |
2948 | or |
5a964f20 |
2949 | % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) |
f102b883 |
2950 | |
2951 | =back |
2952 | |
2953 | =head1 NOTE |
2954 | |
2955 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may |
2956 | have been used to in other languages like C++, Ada, or Modula-17. Perl |
2957 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer |
2958 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not |
2959 | because it has a shotgun. |
2960 | |
2961 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, |
2962 | and part of which is "written". Part of the common law contract is |
2963 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The |
2964 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other |
2965 | provisions. But then you know when you C<use RedefineTheWorld> that |
2966 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. |