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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) |
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4 | |
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
6 | |
7 | This section of the FAQ answers questions about where to find |
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8 | source and documentation for Perl, support, and |
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9 | related matters. |
10 | |
11 | =head2 What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? |
12 | |
13 | The standard release of Perl (the one maintained by the perl |
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14 | development team) is distributed only in source code form. You |
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15 | can find this at http://www.cpan.org/src/latest.tar.gz , which |
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16 | is in a standard Internet format (a gzipped archive in POSIX tar format). |
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17 | |
18 | Perl builds and runs on a bewildering number of platforms. Virtually |
19 | all known and current Unix derivatives are supported (Perl's native |
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20 | platform), as are other systems like VMS, DOS, OS/2, Windows, |
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21 | QNX, BeOS, OS X, MPE/iX and the Amiga. |
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22 | |
23 | Binary distributions for some proprietary platforms, including |
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24 | Apple systems, can be found http://www.cpan.org/ports/ directory. |
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25 | Because these are not part of the standard distribution, they may |
26 | and in fact do differ from the base Perl port in a variety of ways. |
27 | You'll have to check their respective release notes to see just |
28 | what the differences are. These differences can be either positive |
29 | (e.g. extensions for the features of the particular platform that |
30 | are not supported in the source release of perl) or negative (e.g. |
31 | might be based upon a less current source release of perl). |
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32 | |
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33 | =head2 How can I get a binary version of Perl? |
34 | |
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35 | If you don't have a C compiler because your vendor for whatever |
36 | reasons did not include one with your system, the best thing to do is |
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37 | grab a binary version of gcc from the net and use that to compile perl |
38 | with. CPAN only has binaries for systems that are terribly hard to |
39 | get free compilers for, not for Unix systems. |
40 | |
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41 | Some URLs that might help you are: |
42 | |
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43 | http://www.cpan.org/ports/ |
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44 | http://www.perl.com/pub/language/info/software.html |
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45 | |
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46 | Someone looking for a Perl for Win16 might look to Laszlo Molnar's djgpp |
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47 | port in http://www.cpan.org/ports/#msdos , which comes with clear |
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48 | installation instructions. A simple installation guide for MS-DOS using |
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49 | Ilya Zakharevich's OS/2 port is available at |
50 | http://www.cs.ruu.nl/%7Epiet/perl5dos.html |
51 | and similarly for Windows 3.1 at http://www.cs.ruu.nl/%7Epiet/perlwin3.html . |
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52 | |
53 | =head2 I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? |
54 | |
55 | Since you don't have a C compiler, you're doomed and your vendor |
56 | should be sacrificed to the Sun gods. But that doesn't help you. |
57 | |
58 | What you need to do is get a binary version of gcc for your system |
59 | first. Consult the Usenet FAQs for your operating system for |
60 | information on where to get such a binary version. |
61 | |
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62 | =head2 I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. |
63 | |
64 | That's probably because you forgot libraries, or library paths differ. |
65 | You really should build the whole distribution on the machine it will |
66 | eventually live on, and then type C<make install>. Most other |
67 | approaches are doomed to failure. |
68 | |
69 | One simple way to check that things are in the right place is to print out |
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70 | the hard-coded @INC that perl looks through for libraries: |
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71 | |
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72 | % perl -e 'print join("\n",@INC)' |
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73 | |
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74 | If this command lists any paths that don't exist on your system, then you |
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75 | may need to move the appropriate libraries to these locations, or create |
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76 | symbolic links, aliases, or shortcuts appropriately. @INC is also printed as |
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77 | part of the output of |
78 | |
79 | % perl -V |
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80 | |
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81 | You might also want to check out |
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82 | L<perlfaq8/"How do I keep my own module/library directory?">. |
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83 | |
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84 | =head2 I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? |
85 | |
86 | Read the F<INSTALL> file, which is part of the source distribution. |
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87 | It describes in detail how to cope with most idiosyncrasies that the |
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88 | Configure script can't work around for any given system or |
89 | architecture. |
90 | |
91 | =head2 What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? |
92 | |
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93 | CPAN stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, a ~700mb archive |
94 | replicated on nearly 200 machines all over the world. CPAN contains |
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95 | source code, non-native ports, documentation, scripts, and many |
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96 | third-party modules and extensions, designed for everything from |
97 | commercial database interfaces to keyboard/screen control to web |
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98 | walking and CGI scripts. The master web site for CPAN is |
99 | http://www.cpan.org/ and there is the CPAN Multiplexer at |
100 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/CPAN.html which will choose a mirror near you |
101 | via DNS. See http://www.perl.com/CPAN (without a slash at the |
102 | end) for how this process works. Also, http://mirror.cpan.org/ |
103 | has a nice interface to the http://www.cpan.org/MIRRORED.BY |
104 | mirror directory. |
105 | |
106 | See the CPAN FAQ at http://www.cpan.org/misc/cpan-faq.html for |
107 | answers to the most frequently asked questions about CPAN |
108 | including how to become a mirror. |
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109 | |
110 | CPAN/path/... is a naming convention for files available on CPAN |
111 | sites. CPAN indicates the base directory of a CPAN mirror, and the |
112 | rest of the path is the path from that directory to the file. For |
113 | instance, if you're using ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN |
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114 | as your CPAN site, the file CPAN/misc/japh is downloadable as |
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115 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/misc/japh . |
116 | |
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117 | Considering that there are close to two thousand existing modules in |
118 | the archive, one probably exists to do nearly anything you can think of. |
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119 | Current categories under CPAN/modules/by-category/ include Perl core |
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120 | modules; development support; operating system interfaces; networking, |
121 | devices, and interprocess communication; data type utilities; database |
122 | interfaces; user interfaces; interfaces to other languages; filenames, |
123 | file systems, and file locking; internationalization and locale; world |
124 | wide web support; server and daemon utilities; archiving and |
125 | compression; image manipulation; mail and news; control flow |
126 | utilities; filehandle and I/O; Microsoft Windows modules; and |
127 | miscellaneous modules. |
128 | |
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129 | See http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html or |
130 | http://search.cpan.org/ for a more complete list of modules by category. |
131 | |
132 | |
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133 | =head2 Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? |
134 | |
135 | Certainly not. Larry expects that he'll be certified before Perl is. |
136 | |
137 | =head2 Where can I get information on Perl? |
138 | |
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139 | The complete Perl documentation is available with the Perl distribution. |
140 | If you have Perl installed locally, you probably have the documentation |
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141 | installed as well: type C<man perl> if you're on a system resembling Unix. |
142 | This will lead you to other important man pages, including how to set your |
143 | $MANPATH. If you're not on a Unix system, access to the documentation |
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144 | will be different; for example, documentation might only be in HTML format. All |
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145 | proper Perl installations have fully-accessible documentation. |
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146 | |
147 | You might also try C<perldoc perl> in case your system doesn't |
148 | have a proper man command, or it's been misinstalled. If that doesn't |
149 | work, try looking in /usr/local/lib/perl5/pod for documentation. |
150 | |
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151 | If all else fails, consult http://perldoc.cpan.org/ or |
152 | http://www.perldoc.com/ both offer the complete documentation |
153 | in html format. |
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154 | |
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155 | Many good books have been written about Perl--see the section below |
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156 | for more details. |
157 | |
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158 | Tutorial documents are included in current or upcoming Perl releases |
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159 | include L<perltoot> for objects or L<perlboot> for a beginner's |
160 | approach to objects, L<perlopentut> for file opening semantics, |
161 | L<perlreftut> for managing references, L<perlretut> for regular |
162 | expressions, L<perlthrtut> for threads, L<perldebtut> for debugging, |
163 | and L<perlxstut> for linking C and Perl together. There may be more |
164 | by the time you read this. The following URLs might also be of |
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165 | assistance: |
166 | |
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167 | http://perldoc.cpan.org/ |
168 | http://www.perldoc.com/ |
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169 | http://reference.perl.com/query.cgi?tutorials |
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170 | http://bookmarks.cpan.org/search.cgi?cat=Training%2FTutorials |
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171 | |
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172 | =head2 What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? |
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173 | |
174 | The now defunct comp.lang.perl newsgroup has been superseded by the |
175 | following groups: |
176 | |
177 | comp.lang.perl.announce Moderated announcement group |
178 | comp.lang.perl.misc Very busy group about Perl in general |
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179 | comp.lang.perl.moderated Moderated discussion group |
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180 | comp.lang.perl.modules Use and development of Perl modules |
181 | comp.lang.perl.tk Using Tk (and X) from Perl |
182 | |
183 | comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Writing CGI scripts for the Web. |
184 | |
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185 | There is also Usenet gateway to the mailing list used by the crack |
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186 | Perl development team (perl5-porters) at |
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187 | news://news.perl.com/perl.porters-gw/ . |
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188 | |
189 | =head2 Where should I post source code? |
190 | |
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191 | You should post source code to whichever group is most appropriate, but |
192 | feel free to cross-post to comp.lang.perl.misc. If you want to cross-post |
193 | to alt.sources, please make sure it follows their posting standards, |
194 | including setting the Followup-To header line to NOT include alt.sources; |
195 | see their FAQ (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/alt-sources-intro/) for details. |
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196 | |
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197 | If you're just looking for software, first use Google |
198 | (http://www.google.com), Deja (http://www.deja.com), and |
199 | CPAN Search (http://search.cpan.org). This is faster and more |
200 | productive than just posting a request. |
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201 | |
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202 | =head2 Perl Books |
203 | |
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204 | A number of books on Perl and/or CGI programming are available. A few of |
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205 | these are good, some are OK, but many aren't worth your money. Tom |
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206 | Christiansen maintains a list of these books, some with extensive |
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207 | reviews, at http://www.perl.com/perl/critiques/index.html . |
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208 | |
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209 | The incontestably definitive reference book on Perl, written by |
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210 | the creator of Perl, is now (July 2000) in its third edition: |
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211 | |
212 | Programming Perl (the "Camel Book"): |
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213 | by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant |
214 | 0-596-00027-8 [3rd edition July 2000] |
215 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pperl3/ |
216 | (English, translations to several languages are also available) |
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217 | |
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218 | The companion volume to the Camel containing thousands |
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219 | of real-world examples, mini-tutorials, and complete programs is: |
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220 | |
221 | The Perl Cookbook (the "Ram Book"): |
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222 | by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington, |
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223 | with Foreword by Larry Wall |
224 | ISBN 1-56592-243-3 [1st Edition August 1998] |
225 | http://perl.oreilly.com/cookbook/ |
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226 | |
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227 | If you're already a seasoned programmer, then the Camel Book might |
228 | suffice for you to learn Perl from. If you're not, check out the |
229 | Llama book: |
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230 | |
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231 | Learning Perl (the "Llama Book") |
232 | by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix |
233 | ISBN 0-596-00132-0 [3rd edition July 2001] |
234 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperl3/ |
235 | |
236 | If you're not an accidental programmer, but a more serious and |
237 | possibly even degreed computer scientist who doesn't need as much |
238 | hand-holding as we try to provide in the Llama, please check out the |
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239 | delightful book |
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240 | |
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241 | Perl: The Programmer's Companion |
242 | by Nigel Chapman |
243 | ISBN 0-471-97563-X [1997, 3rd printing Spring 1998] |
244 | http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/catalog/97563-X.htm |
245 | http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/chapman/perl/perltpc.html (errata etc) |
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246 | |
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247 | If you are more at home in Windows the following is available |
248 | (though unfortunately rather dated). |
249 | |
250 | Learning Perl on Win32 Systems (the "Gecko Book") |
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251 | by Randal L. Schwartz, Erik Olson, and Tom Christiansen, |
252 | with foreword by Larry Wall |
253 | ISBN 1-56592-324-3 [1st edition August 1997] |
254 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperlwin/ |
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255 | |
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256 | Addison-Wesley (http://www.awlonline.com/) and Manning |
257 | (http://www.manning.com/) are also publishers of some fine Perl books |
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258 | such as I<Object Oriented Programming with Perl> by Damian Conway and |
259 | I<Network Programming with Perl> by Lincoln Stein. |
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260 | |
261 | An excellent technical book discounter is Bookpool at |
262 | http://www.bookpool.com/ where a 30% discount or more is not unusual. |
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263 | |
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264 | What follows is a list of the books that the FAQ authors found personally |
265 | useful. Your mileage may (but, we hope, probably won't) vary. |
266 | |
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267 | Recommended books on (or mostly on) Perl follow. |
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268 | |
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269 | =over 4 |
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270 | |
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271 | =item References |
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272 | |
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273 | Programming Perl |
274 | by Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant |
275 | ISBN 0-596-00027-8 [3rd edition July 2000] |
276 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/pperl3/ |
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277 | |
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278 | Perl 5 Pocket Reference |
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279 | by Johan Vromans |
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280 | ISBN 0-596-00032-4 [3rd edition May 2000] |
281 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlpr3/ |
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282 | |
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283 | Perl in a Nutshell |
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284 | by Ellen Siever, Stephan Spainhour, and Nathan Patwardhan |
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285 | ISBN 1-56592-286-7 [1st edition December 1998] |
286 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlnut/ |
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287 | |
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288 | =item Tutorials |
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289 | |
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290 | Elements of Programming with Perl |
291 | by Andrew L. Johnson |
292 | ISBN 1884777805 [1st edition October 1999] |
293 | http://www.manning.com/Johnson/ |
294 | |
295 | Learning Perl |
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296 | by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix |
297 | ISBN 0-596-00132-0 [3rd edition July 2001] |
298 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperl3/ |
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299 | |
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300 | Learning Perl on Win32 Systems |
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301 | by Randal L. Schwartz, Erik Olson, and Tom Christiansen, |
302 | with foreword by Larry Wall |
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303 | ISBN 1-56592-324-3 [1st edition August 1997] |
304 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperlwin/ |
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305 | |
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306 | Perl: The Programmer's Companion |
307 | by Nigel Chapman |
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308 | ISBN 0-471-97563-X [1997, 3rd printing Spring 1998] |
309 | http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/catalog/97563-X.htm |
310 | http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/chapman/perl/perltpc.html (errata etc) |
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311 | |
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312 | Cross-Platform Perl |
313 | by Eric Foster-Johnson |
314 | ISBN 1-55851-483-X [2nd edition September 2000] |
315 | http://www.pconline.com/~erc/perlbook.htm |
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316 | |
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317 | MacPerl: Power and Ease |
318 | by Vicki Brown and Chris Nandor, |
319 | with foreword by Matthias Neeracher |
320 | ISBN 1-881957-32-2 [1st edition May 1998] |
321 | http://www.macperl.com/ptf_book/ |
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322 | |
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323 | =item Task-Oriented |
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324 | |
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325 | The Perl Cookbook |
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326 | by Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington |
327 | with foreword by Larry Wall |
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328 | ISBN 1-56592-243-3 [1st edition August 1998] |
329 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cookbook/ |
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330 | |
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331 | Effective Perl Programming |
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332 | by Joseph Hall |
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333 | ISBN 0-201-41975-0 [1st edition 1998] |
334 | http://www.awl.com/ |
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335 | |
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336 | |
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337 | =item Special Topics |
338 | |
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339 | Mastering Regular Expressions |
340 | by Jeffrey E. F. Friedl |
341 | ISBN 1-56592-257-3 [1st edition January 1997] |
342 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/ |
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343 | |
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344 | Network Programming with Perl |
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345 | by Lincoln Stein |
c355f4f4 |
346 | ISBN 0-201-61571-1 [1st edition 2001] |
347 | http://www.awlonline.com/ |
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348 | |
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349 | Object Oriented Perl |
350 | Damian Conway |
351 | with foreword by Randal L. Schwartz |
352 | ISBN 1884777791 [1st edition August 1999] |
353 | http://www.manning.com/Conway/ |
354 | |
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355 | Data Munging with Perl |
356 | Dave Cross |
357 | ISBN 1930110006 [1st edition 2001] |
358 | http://www.manning.com/cross |
359 | |
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360 | Learning Perl/Tk |
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361 | by Nancy Walsh |
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362 | ISBN 1-56592-314-6 [1st edition January 1999] |
363 | http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/lperltk/ |
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364 | |
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365 | =back |
366 | |
367 | =head2 Perl in Magazines |
368 | |
369 | The first and only periodical devoted to All Things Perl, I<The |
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370 | Perl Journal> contains tutorials, demonstrations, case studies, |
371 | announcements, contests, and much more. I<TPJ> has columns on web |
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372 | development, databases, Win32 Perl, graphical programming, regular |
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373 | expressions, and networking, and sponsored the Obfuscated Perl |
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374 | Contest. For more details on I<The Perl Journal>, see |
375 | http://www.tpj.com/ |
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376 | |
377 | Beyond this, magazines that frequently carry high-quality articles |
378 | on Perl are I<Web Techniques> (see http://www.webtechniques.com/), |
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379 | I<Performance Computing> (http://www.performance-computing.com/), and Usenix's |
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380 | newsletter/magazine to its members, I<login:>, at http://www.usenix.org/. |
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381 | Randal's Web Techniques columns are available on the web at |
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382 | http://www.stonehenge.com/merlyn/WebTechniques/ . |
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383 | |
384 | =head2 Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access |
385 | |
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386 | To get the best performance, pick a site from |
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387 | the list below and use it to grab the complete list of mirror sites |
388 | which is at /CPAN/MIRRORED.BY or at http://mirror.cpan.org/. |
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389 | From there you can find the quickest site for you. Remember, the |
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390 | following list is I<not> the complete list of CPAN mirrors |
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391 | (the complete list contains 165 sites as of January 2001): |
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392 | |
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393 | http://www.cpan.org/ |
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394 | http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ |
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395 | http://download.sourceforge.net/mirrors/CPAN/ |
396 | ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/plan/perl/CPAN/ |
397 | ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
398 | ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
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399 | ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ |
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400 | ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ |
401 | ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ |
402 | ftp://cpan.if.usp.br/pub/mirror/CPAN/ |
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403 | |
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404 | One may also use xx.cpan.org where "xx" is the 2-letter country code |
405 | for your domain; e.g. Australia would use au.cpan.org. |
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406 | [Note: This only applies to countries that host at least one mirror.] |
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407 | |
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408 | =head2 What mailing lists are there for Perl? |
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409 | |
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410 | Most of the major modules (Tk, CGI, libwww-perl) have their own |
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411 | mailing lists. Consult the documentation that came with the module for |
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412 | subscription information. |
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413 | |
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414 | http://lists.cpan.org/ |
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415 | |
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416 | =head2 Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc |
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417 | |
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418 | The Google search engine now carries archived and searchable newsgroup |
419 | content. |
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420 | |
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421 | http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&safe=off&group=comp.lang.perl.misc |
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422 | |
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423 | If you have a question, you can be sure someone has already asked the |
424 | same question at some point on c.l.p.m. It requires some time and patience |
425 | to sift through all the content but often you will find the answer you |
426 | seek. |
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427 | |
68dc0745 |
428 | =head2 Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? |
429 | |
a6dd486b |
430 | In a real sense, Perl already I<is> commercial software: it has a license |
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431 | that you can grab and carefully read to your manager. It is distributed |
432 | in releases and comes in well-defined packages. There is a very large |
433 | user community and an extensive literature. The comp.lang.perl.* |
434 | newsgroups and several of the mailing lists provide free answers to your |
435 | questions in near real-time. Perl has traditionally been supported by |
436 | Larry, scores of software designers and developers, and myriads of |
437 | programmers, all working for free to create a useful thing to make life |
438 | better for everyone. |
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439 | |
440 | However, these answers may not suffice for managers who require a |
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441 | purchase order from a company whom they can sue should anything go awry. |
442 | Or maybe they need very serious hand-holding and contractual obligations. |
87275199 |
443 | Shrink-wrapped CDs with Perl on them are available from several sources if |
a6dd486b |
444 | that will help. For example, many Perl books include a distribution of Perl, |
445 | as do the O'Reilly Perl Resource Kits (in both the Unix flavor |
65acb1b1 |
446 | and in the proprietary Microsoft flavor); the free Unix distributions |
447 | also all come with Perl. |
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448 | |
a6dd486b |
449 | Alternatively, you can purchase commercial incidence based support |
450 | through the Perl Clinic. The following is a commercial from them: |
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451 | |
452 | "The Perl Clinic is a commercial Perl support service operated by |
453 | ActiveState Tool Corp. and The Ingram Group. The operators have many |
454 | years of in-depth experience with Perl applications and Perl internals |
455 | on a wide range of platforms. |
456 | |
457 | "Through our group of highly experienced and well-trained support engineers, |
458 | we will put our best effort into understanding your problem, providing an |
459 | explanation of the situation, and a recommendation on how to proceed." |
460 | |
a6dd486b |
461 | Contact The Perl Clinic at |
e28598cb |
462 | |
463 | www.PerlClinic.com |
464 | |
465 | North America Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) |
466 | Tel: 1 604 606-4611 hours 8am-6pm |
467 | Fax: 1 604 606-4640 |
468 | |
469 | Europe (GMT) |
470 | Tel: 00 44 1483 862814 |
471 | Fax: 00 44 1483 862801 |
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472 | |
65acb1b1 |
473 | See also www.perl.com for updates on tutorials, training, and support. |
5e3006a4 |
474 | |
68dc0745 |
475 | =head2 Where do I send bug reports? |
476 | |
477 | If you are reporting a bug in the perl interpreter or the modules |
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478 | shipped with Perl, use the I<perlbug> program in the Perl distribution or |
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479 | mail your report to perlbug@perl.org . |
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480 | |
46fc3d4c |
481 | If you are posting a bug with a non-standard port (see the answer to |
68dc0745 |
482 | "What platforms is Perl available for?"), a binary distribution, or a |
46fc3d4c |
483 | non-standard module (such as Tk, CGI, etc), then please see the |
68dc0745 |
484 | documentation that came with it to determine the correct place to post |
485 | bugs. |
486 | |
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487 | Read the perlbug(1) man page (perl5.004 or later) for more information. |
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488 | |
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489 | =head2 What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? |
68dc0745 |
490 | |
5c5bc629 |
491 | The Perl Home Page at http://www.perl.com/ is currently hosted by |
492 | The O'Reilly Network, a subsidiary of O'Reilly and Associates. |
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493 | |
74078192 |
494 | Perl Mongers is an advocacy organization for the Perl language which |
495 | maintains the web site http://www.perl.org/ as a general advocacy |
c355f4f4 |
496 | site for the Perl language. |
90bb42f6 |
497 | |
498 | Perl Mongers uses the pm.org domain for services related to Perl user |
74078192 |
499 | groups, including the hosting of mailing lists and web sites. See the |
500 | Perl user group web site at http://www.pm.org/ for more information about |
501 | joining, starting, or requesting services for a Perl user group. |
90bb42f6 |
502 | |
c355f4f4 |
503 | Perl Mongers also maintain the perl.org domain to provide general |
504 | support services to the Perl community, including the hosting of mailing |
505 | lists, web sites, and other services. The web site |
506 | http://www.perl.org/ is a general advocacy site for the Perl language, |
507 | and there are many other sub-domains for special topics, such as |
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508 | |
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509 | http://bugs.perl.org/ |
510 | http://history.perl.org/ |
511 | http://lists.perl.org/ |
512 | http://news.perl.org/ |
513 | http://use.perl.org/ |
90bb42f6 |
514 | |
68dc0745 |
515 | =head1 AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT |
516 | |
c355f4f4 |
517 | Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Tom Christiansen and Nathan Torkington. |
5a964f20 |
518 | All rights reserved. |
519 | |
c8db1d39 |
520 | When included as an integrated part of the Standard Distribution |
d92eb7b0 |
521 | of Perl or of its documentation (printed or otherwise), this works is |
522 | covered under Perl's Artistic License. For separate distributions of |
c8db1d39 |
523 | all or part of this FAQ outside of that, see L<perlfaq>. |
524 | |
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525 | Irrespective of its distribution, all code examples here are in the public |
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526 | domain. You are permitted and encouraged to use this code and any |
527 | derivatives thereof in your own programs for fun or for profit as you |
528 | see fit. A simple comment in the code giving credit to the FAQ would |
529 | be courteous but is not required. |