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[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / mg.c

/*    mg.c
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
 *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
 *
 *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
 *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 *
 */

/*
 * "Sam sat on the ground and put his head in his hands.  'I wish I had never
 * come here, and I don't want to see no more magic,' he said, and fell silent."
 */

/*
=head1 Magical Functions

"Magic" is special data attached to SV structures in order to give them
"magical" properties.  When any Perl code tries to read from, or assign to,
an SV marked as magical, it calls the 'get' or 'set' function associated
with that SV's magic. A get is called prior to reading an SV, in order to
give it a chance to update its internal value (get on $. writes the line
number of the last read filehandle into to the SV's IV slot), while
set is called after an SV has been written to, in order to allow it to make
use of its changed value (set on $/ copies the SV's new value to the
PL_rs global variable).

Magic is implemented as a linked list of MAGIC structures attached to the
SV. Each MAGIC struct holds the type of the magic, a pointer to an array
of functions that implement the get(), set(), length() etc functions,
plus space for some flags and pointers. For example, a tied variable has
a MAGIC structure that contains a pointer to the object associated with the
tie.

*/

#include "EXTERN.h"
#define PERL_IN_MG_C
#include "perl.h"

#if defined(HAS_GETGROUPS) || defined(HAS_SETGROUPS)
#  ifdef I_GRP
#    include <grp.h>
#  endif
#endif

#if defined(HAS_SETGROUPS)
#  ifndef NGROUPS
#    define NGROUPS 32
#  endif
#endif

#ifdef __hpux
#  include <sys/pstat.h>
#endif

#if defined(HAS_SIGACTION) && defined(SA_SIGINFO)
Signal_t Perl_csighandler(int sig, ...);
#else
Signal_t Perl_csighandler(int sig);
#endif

#ifdef __Lynx__
/* Missing protos on LynxOS */
void setruid(uid_t id);
void seteuid(uid_t id);
void setrgid(uid_t id);
void setegid(uid_t id);
#endif

/*
 * Use the "DESTRUCTOR" scope cleanup to reinstate magic.
 */

struct magic_state {
    SV* mgs_sv;
    U32 mgs_flags;
    I32 mgs_ss_ix;
};
/* MGS is typedef'ed to struct magic_state in perl.h */

STATIC void
S_save_magic(pTHX_ I32 mgs_ix, SV *sv)
{
    dVAR;
    MGS* mgs;
    assert(SvMAGICAL(sv));
    /* Turning READONLY off for a copy-on-write scalar (including shared
       hash keys) is a bad idea.  */
    if (SvIsCOW(sv))
      sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);

    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(S_restore_magic, INT2PTR(void*, (IV)mgs_ix));

    mgs = SSPTR(mgs_ix, MGS*);
    mgs->mgs_sv = sv;
    mgs->mgs_flags = SvMAGICAL(sv) | SvREADONLY(sv);
    mgs->mgs_ss_ix = PL_savestack_ix;   /* points after the saved destructor */

    SvMAGICAL_off(sv);
    SvREADONLY_off(sv);
    SvFLAGS(sv) |= (SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVp_NOK|SVp_POK)) >> PRIVSHIFT;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_magical

Turns on the magical status of an SV.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

void
Perl_mg_magical(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    const MAGIC* mg;
    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
	const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	if (vtbl) {
	    if (vtbl->svt_get && !(mg->mg_flags & MGf_GSKIP))
		SvGMAGICAL_on(sv);
	    if (vtbl->svt_set)
		SvSMAGICAL_on(sv);
	    if (!(SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVs_GMG|SVs_SMG)) || vtbl->svt_clear)
		SvRMAGICAL_on(sv);
	}
    }
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_get

Do magic after a value is retrieved from the SV.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

int
Perl_mg_get(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 mgs_ix = SSNEW(sizeof(MGS));
    const bool was_temp = (bool)SvTEMP(sv);
    int have_new = 0;
    MAGIC *newmg, *head, *cur, *mg;
    /* guard against sv having being freed midway by holding a private
       reference. */

    /* sv_2mortal has this side effect of turning on the TEMP flag, which can
       cause the SV's buffer to get stolen (and maybe other stuff).
       So restore it.
    */
    sv_2mortal(SvREFCNT_inc(sv));
    if (!was_temp) {
	SvTEMP_off(sv);
    }

    save_magic(mgs_ix, sv);

    /* We must call svt_get(sv, mg) for each valid entry in the linked
       list of magic. svt_get() may delete the current entry, add new
       magic to the head of the list, or upgrade the SV. AMS 20010810 */

    newmg = cur = head = mg = SvMAGIC(sv);
    while (mg) {
	const MGVTBL * const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;

	if (!(mg->mg_flags & MGf_GSKIP) && vtbl && vtbl->svt_get) {
	    CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_get)(aTHX_ sv, mg);

	    /* guard against magic having been deleted - eg FETCH calling
	     * untie */
	    if (!SvMAGIC(sv))
		break;

	    /* Don't restore the flags for this entry if it was deleted. */
	    if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_GSKIP)
		(SSPTR(mgs_ix, MGS *))->mgs_flags = 0;
	}

	mg = mg->mg_moremagic;

	if (have_new) {
	    /* Have we finished with the new entries we saw? Start again
	       where we left off (unless there are more new entries). */
	    if (mg == head) {
		have_new = 0;
		mg   = cur;
		head = newmg;
	    }
	}

	/* Were any new entries added? */
	if (!have_new && (newmg = SvMAGIC(sv)) != head) {
	    have_new = 1;
	    cur = mg;
	    mg  = newmg;
	}
    }

    restore_magic(INT2PTR(void *, (IV)mgs_ix));

    if (SvREFCNT(sv) == 1) {
	/* We hold the last reference to this SV, which implies that the
	   SV was deleted as a side effect of the routines we called.  */
	SvOK_off(sv);
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_set

Do magic after a value is assigned to the SV.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

int
Perl_mg_set(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    dVAR;
    const I32 mgs_ix = SSNEW(sizeof(MGS));
    MAGIC* mg;
    MAGIC* nextmg;

    save_magic(mgs_ix, sv);

    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = nextmg) {
        const MGVTBL* vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	nextmg = mg->mg_moremagic;	/* it may delete itself */
	if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_GSKIP) {
	    mg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_GSKIP;	/* setting requires another read */
	    (SSPTR(mgs_ix, MGS*))->mgs_flags = 0;
	}
	if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_set)
	    CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_set)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
    }

    restore_magic(INT2PTR(void*, (IV)mgs_ix));
    return 0;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_length

Report on the SV's length.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

U32
Perl_mg_length(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    dVAR;
    MAGIC* mg;
    STRLEN len;

    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
        const MGVTBL * const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_len) {
            const I32 mgs_ix = SSNEW(sizeof(MGS));
	    save_magic(mgs_ix, sv);
	    /* omit MGf_GSKIP -- not changed here */
	    len = CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_len)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
	    restore_magic(INT2PTR(void*, (IV)mgs_ix));
	    return len;
	}
    }

    if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
        const U8 *s = (U8*)SvPV_const(sv, len);
        len = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ s, s + len);
    }
    else
        (void)SvPV_const(sv, len);
    return len;
}

I32
Perl_mg_size(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    MAGIC* mg;

    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
        const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_len) {
            const I32 mgs_ix = SSNEW(sizeof(MGS));
            I32 len;
	    save_magic(mgs_ix, sv);
	    /* omit MGf_GSKIP -- not changed here */
	    len = CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_len)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
	    restore_magic(INT2PTR(void*, (IV)mgs_ix));
	    return len;
	}
    }

    switch(SvTYPE(sv)) {
	case SVt_PVAV:
	    return AvFILLp((AV *) sv); /* Fallback to non-tied array */
	case SVt_PVHV:
	    /* FIXME */
	default:
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "Size magic not implemented");
	    break;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_clear

Clear something magical that the SV represents.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

int
Perl_mg_clear(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    const I32 mgs_ix = SSNEW(sizeof(MGS));
    MAGIC* mg;

    save_magic(mgs_ix, sv);

    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
        const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	/* omit GSKIP -- never set here */

	if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_clear)
	    CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_clear)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
    }

    restore_magic(INT2PTR(void*, (IV)mgs_ix));
    return 0;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_find

Finds the magic pointer for type matching the SV.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

MAGIC*
Perl_mg_find(pTHX_ const SV *sv, int type)
{
    if (sv) {
        MAGIC *mg;
        for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
            if (mg->mg_type == type)
                return mg;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_copy

Copies the magic from one SV to another.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

int
Perl_mg_copy(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *nsv, const char *key, I32 klen)
{
    int count = 0;
    MAGIC* mg;
    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
        const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	if ((mg->mg_flags & MGf_COPY) && vtbl->svt_copy){
	    count += CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_copy)(aTHX_ sv, mg, nsv, key, klen);
	}
	else {
	    const char type = mg->mg_type;
	    if (isUPPER(type)) {
		sv_magic(nsv,
		     (type == PERL_MAGIC_tied)
			? SvTIED_obj(sv, mg)
			: (type == PERL_MAGIC_regdata && mg->mg_obj)
			    ? sv
			    : mg->mg_obj,
		     toLOWER(type), key, klen);
		count++;
	    }
	}
    }
    return count;
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_localize

Copy some of the magic from an existing SV to new localized version of
that SV. Container magic (eg %ENV, $1, tie) gets copied, value magic
doesn't (eg taint, pos).

=cut
*/

void
Perl_mg_localize(pTHX_ SV *sv, SV *nsv)
{
    dVAR;
    MAGIC *mg;
    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = mg->mg_moremagic) {
	MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	switch (mg->mg_type) {
	/* value magic types: don't copy */
	case PERL_MAGIC_bm:
	case PERL_MAGIC_fm:
	case PERL_MAGIC_regex_global:
	case PERL_MAGIC_nkeys:
#ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
	case PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm:
#endif
	case PERL_MAGIC_qr:
	case PERL_MAGIC_taint:
	case PERL_MAGIC_vec:
	case PERL_MAGIC_vstring:
	case PERL_MAGIC_utf8:
	case PERL_MAGIC_substr:
	case PERL_MAGIC_defelem:
	case PERL_MAGIC_arylen:
	case PERL_MAGIC_pos:
	case PERL_MAGIC_backref:
	case PERL_MAGIC_arylen_p:
	case PERL_MAGIC_rhash:
	case PERL_MAGIC_symtab:
	    continue;
	}
		
	if ((mg->mg_flags & MGf_LOCAL) && vtbl->svt_local)
	    (void)CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_local)(aTHX_ nsv, mg);
	else
	    sv_magicext(nsv, mg->mg_obj, mg->mg_type, vtbl,
			    mg->mg_ptr, mg->mg_len);

	/* container types should remain read-only across localization */
	SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SvREADONLY(sv);
    }

    if (SvTYPE(nsv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(nsv)) {
	SvFLAGS(nsv) |= SvMAGICAL(sv);
	PL_localizing = 1;
	SvSETMAGIC(nsv);
	PL_localizing = 0;
    }	    
}

/*
=for apidoc mg_free

Free any magic storage used by the SV.  See C<sv_magic>.

=cut
*/

int
Perl_mg_free(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    MAGIC* mg;
    MAGIC* moremagic;
    for (mg = SvMAGIC(sv); mg; mg = moremagic) {
        const MGVTBL* const vtbl = mg->mg_virtual;
	moremagic = mg->mg_moremagic;
	if (vtbl && vtbl->svt_free)
	    CALL_FPTR(vtbl->svt_free)(aTHX_ sv, mg);
	if (mg->mg_ptr && mg->mg_type != PERL_MAGIC_regex_global) {
	    if (mg->mg_len > 0 || mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_utf8)
		Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
	    else if (mg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
		SvREFCNT_dec((SV*)mg->mg_ptr);
	}
	if (mg->mg_flags & MGf_REFCOUNTED)
	    SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
	Safefree(mg);
    }
    SvMAGIC_set(sv, NULL);
    return 0;
}

#include <signal.h>

U32
Perl_magic_regdata_cnt(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);

    if (PL_curpm) {
	register const REGEXP * const rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm);
	if (rx) {
	    return mg->mg_obj
		? rx->nparens       /* @+ */
		: rx->lastparen;    /* @- */
	}
    }

    return (U32)-1;
}

int
Perl_magic_regdatum_get(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    if (PL_curpm) {
	register const REGEXP * const rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm);
	if (rx) {
	    register const I32 paren = mg->mg_len;
	    register I32 s;
	    register I32 t;
	    if (paren < 0)
		return 0;
	    if (paren <= (I32)rx->nparens &&
		(s = rx->startp[paren]) != -1 &&
		(t = rx->endp[paren]) != -1)
		{
		    register I32 i;
		    if (mg->mg_obj)		/* @+ */
			i = t;
		    else			/* @- */
			i = s;

		    if (i > 0 && RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) {
			const char * const b = rx->subbeg;
			if (b)
			    i = Perl_utf8_length(aTHX_ (U8*)b, (U8*)(b+i));
		    }

		    sv_setiv(sv, i);
		}
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_regdatum_set(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv); PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_modify);
    NORETURN_FUNCTION_END;
}

U32
Perl_magic_len(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    register I32 paren;
    register I32 i;
    register const REGEXP *rx;
    I32 s1, t1;

    switch (*mg->mg_ptr) {
    case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': case '&':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {

	    paren = atoi(mg->mg_ptr); /* $& is in [0] */
	  getparen:
	    if (paren <= (I32)rx->nparens &&
		(s1 = rx->startp[paren]) != -1 &&
		(t1 = rx->endp[paren]) != -1)
	    {
		i = t1 - s1;
	      getlen:
		if (i > 0 && RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx)) {
		    const char * const s = rx->subbeg + s1;
		    const U8 *ep;
		    STRLEN el;

                    i = t1 - s1;
		    if (is_utf8_string_loclen((U8*)s, i, &ep, &el))
			i = el;
		}
		if (i < 0)
		    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "panic: magic_len: %"IVdf, (IV)i);
		return i;
	    }
	    else {
		if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
		    report_uninit(sv);
	    }
	}
	else {
	    if (ckWARN(WARN_UNINITIALIZED))
		report_uninit(sv);
	}
	return 0;
    case '+':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    paren = rx->lastparen;
	    if (paren)
		goto getparen;
	}
	return 0;
    case '\016': /* ^N */
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    paren = rx->lastcloseparen;
	    if (paren)
		goto getparen;
	}
	return 0;
    case '`':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    if (rx->startp[0] != -1) {
		i = rx->startp[0];
		if (i > 0) {
		    s1 = 0;
		    t1 = i;
		    goto getlen;
		}
	    }
	}
	return 0;
    case '\'':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    if (rx->endp[0] != -1) {
		i = rx->sublen - rx->endp[0];
		if (i > 0) {
		    s1 = rx->endp[0];
		    t1 = rx->sublen;
		    goto getlen;
		}
	    }
	}
	return 0;
    }
    magic_get(sv,mg);
    if (!SvPOK(sv) && SvNIOK(sv)) {
	sv_2pv(sv, 0);
    }
    if (SvPOK(sv))
	return SvCUR(sv);
    return 0;
}

#define SvRTRIM(sv) STMT_START { \
    if (SvPOK(sv)) { \
        STRLEN len = SvCUR(sv); \
        char * const p = SvPVX(sv); \
	while (len > 0 && isSPACE(p[len-1])) \
	   --len; \
	SvCUR_set(sv, len); \
	p[len] = '\0'; \
    } \
} STMT_END

int
Perl_magic_get(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    register I32 paren;
    register char *s = NULL;
    register I32 i;
    register REGEXP *rx;
    const char * const remaining = mg->mg_ptr + 1;
    const char nextchar = *remaining;

    switch (*mg->mg_ptr) {
    case '\001':		/* ^A */
	sv_setsv(sv, PL_bodytarget);
	break;
    case '\003':		/* ^C, ^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE */
	if (nextchar == '\0') {
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_minus_c);
	}
	else if (strEQ(remaining, "HILD_ERROR_NATIVE")) {
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)STATUS_NATIVE);
        }
	break;

    case '\004':		/* ^D */
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)(PL_debug & DEBUG_MASK));
	break;
    case '\005':  /* ^E */
	 if (nextchar == '\0') {
#if defined(MACOS_TRADITIONAL)
	     {
		  char msg[256];

		  sv_setnv(sv,(double)gMacPerl_OSErr);
		  sv_setpv(sv, gMacPerl_OSErr ? GetSysErrText(gMacPerl_OSErr, msg) : "");
	     }
#elif defined(VMS)
	     {
#	          include <descrip.h>
#	          include <starlet.h>
		  char msg[255];
		  $DESCRIPTOR(msgdsc,msg);
		  sv_setnv(sv,(NV) vaxc$errno);
		  if (sys$getmsg(vaxc$errno,&msgdsc.dsc$w_length,&msgdsc,0,0) & 1)
		       sv_setpvn(sv,msgdsc.dsc$a_pointer,msgdsc.dsc$w_length);
		  else
		       sv_setpvn(sv,"",0);
	     }
#elif defined(OS2)
	     if (!(_emx_env & 0x200)) {	/* Under DOS */
		  sv_setnv(sv, (NV)errno);
		  sv_setpv(sv, errno ? Strerror(errno) : "");
	     } else {
		  if (errno != errno_isOS2) {
		       const int tmp = _syserrno();
		       if (tmp)	/* 2nd call to _syserrno() makes it 0 */
			    Perl_rc = tmp;
		  }
		  sv_setnv(sv, (NV)Perl_rc);
		  sv_setpv(sv, os2error(Perl_rc));
	     }
#elif defined(WIN32)
	     {
		  DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
		  sv_setnv(sv, (NV)dwErr);
		  if (dwErr) {
		       PerlProc_GetOSError(sv, dwErr);
		  }
		  else
		       sv_setpvn(sv, "", 0);
		  SetLastError(dwErr);
	     }
#else
	     {
		 const int saveerrno = errno;
		 sv_setnv(sv, (NV)errno);
		 sv_setpv(sv, errno ? Strerror(errno) : "");
		 errno = saveerrno;
	     }
#endif
	     SvRTRIM(sv);
	     SvNOK_on(sv);	/* what a wonderful hack! */
	 }
	 else if (strEQ(remaining, "NCODING"))
	      sv_setsv(sv, PL_encoding);
	 break;
    case '\006':		/* ^F */
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_maxsysfd);
	break;
    case '\010':		/* ^H */
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_hints);
	break;
    case '\011':		/* ^I */ /* NOT \t in EBCDIC */
	if (PL_inplace)
	    sv_setpv(sv, PL_inplace);
	else
	    sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '\017':		/* ^O & ^OPEN */
	if (nextchar == '\0') {
	    sv_setpv(sv, PL_osname);
	    SvTAINTED_off(sv);
	}
	else if (strEQ(remaining, "PEN")) {
	    if (!PL_compiling.cop_io)
		sv_setsv(sv, &PL_sv_undef);
            else {
	        sv_setsv(sv, PL_compiling.cop_io);
	    }
	}
	break;
    case '\020':		/* ^P */
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_perldb);
	break;
    case '\023':		/* ^S */
	if (nextchar == '\0') {
	    if (PL_lex_state != LEX_NOTPARSING)
		SvOK_off(sv);
	    else if (PL_in_eval)
 		sv_setiv(sv, PL_in_eval & ~(EVAL_INREQUIRE));
	    else
		sv_setiv(sv, 0);
	}
	break;
    case '\024':		/* ^T */
	if (nextchar == '\0') {
#ifdef BIG_TIME
            sv_setnv(sv, PL_basetime);
#else
            sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_basetime);
#endif
        }
	else if (strEQ(remaining, "AINT"))
            sv_setiv(sv, PL_tainting
		    ? (PL_taint_warn || PL_unsafe ? -1 : 1)
		    : 0);
        break;
    case '\025':		/* $^UNICODE, $^UTF8LOCALE */
	if (strEQ(remaining, "NICODE"))
	    sv_setuv(sv, (UV) PL_unicode);
	else if (strEQ(remaining, "TF8LOCALE"))
	    sv_setuv(sv, (UV) PL_utf8locale);
        break;
    case '\027':		/* ^W  & $^WARNING_BITS */
	if (nextchar == '\0')
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)((PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON) ? TRUE : FALSE));
	else if (strEQ(remaining, "ARNING_BITS")) {
	    if (PL_compiling.cop_warnings == pWARN_NONE) {
	        sv_setpvn(sv, WARN_NONEstring, WARNsize) ;
	    }
	    else if (PL_compiling.cop_warnings == pWARN_STD) {
		sv_setpvn(
		    sv, 
		    (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ON) ? WARN_ALLstring : WARN_NONEstring,
		    WARNsize
		);
	    }
            else if (PL_compiling.cop_warnings == pWARN_ALL) {
		/* Get the bit mask for $warnings::Bits{all}, because
		 * it could have been extended by warnings::register */
		SV **bits_all;
		HV * const bits=get_hv("warnings::Bits", FALSE);
		if (bits && (bits_all=hv_fetchs(bits, "all", FALSE))) {
		    sv_setsv(sv, *bits_all);
		}
	        else {
		    sv_setpvn(sv, WARN_ALLstring, WARNsize) ;
		}
	    }
            else {
	        sv_setsv(sv, PL_compiling.cop_warnings);
	    }
	    SvPOK_only(sv);
	}
	break;
    case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
    case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': case '&':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    I32 s1, t1;

	    /*
	     * Pre-threads, this was paren = atoi(GvENAME((GV*)mg->mg_obj));
	     * XXX Does the new way break anything?
	     */
	    paren = atoi(mg->mg_ptr); /* $& is in [0] */
	  getparen:
	    if (paren <= (I32)rx->nparens &&
		(s1 = rx->startp[paren]) != -1 &&
		(t1 = rx->endp[paren]) != -1)
	    {
		i = t1 - s1;
		s = rx->subbeg + s1;
		if (!rx->subbeg)
		    break;

	      getrx:
		if (i >= 0) {
		    const int oldtainted = PL_tainted;
		    TAINT_NOT;
		    sv_setpvn(sv, s, i);
		    PL_tainted = oldtainted;
		    if (RX_MATCH_UTF8(rx) && is_utf8_string((U8*)s, i))
			SvUTF8_on(sv);
		    else
			SvUTF8_off(sv);
		    if (PL_tainting) {
			if (RX_MATCH_TAINTED(rx)) {
			    MAGIC* const mg = SvMAGIC(sv);
			    MAGIC* mgt;
			    PL_tainted = 1;
			    SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg->mg_moremagic);
			    SvTAINT(sv);
			    if ((mgt = SvMAGIC(sv))) {
				mg->mg_moremagic = mgt;
				SvMAGIC_set(sv, mg);
			    }
			} else
			    SvTAINTED_off(sv);
		    }
		    break;
		}
	    }
	}
	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '+':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    paren = rx->lastparen;
	    if (paren)
		goto getparen;
	}
	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '\016':		/* ^N */
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    paren = rx->lastcloseparen;
	    if (paren)
		goto getparen;
	}
	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '`':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    if ((s = rx->subbeg) && rx->startp[0] != -1) {
		i = rx->startp[0];
		goto getrx;
	    }
	}
	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '\'':
	if (PL_curpm && (rx = PM_GETRE(PL_curpm))) {
	    if (rx->subbeg && rx->endp[0] != -1) {
		s = rx->subbeg + rx->endp[0];
		i = rx->sublen - rx->endp[0];
		goto getrx;
	    }
	}
	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
	break;
    case '.':
	if (GvIO(PL_last_in_gv)) {
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)));
	}
	break;
    case '?':
	{
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)STATUS_CURRENT);
#ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
	    LvTARGOFF(sv) = PL_statusvalue;
	    LvTARGLEN(sv) = PL_statusvalue_vms;
#endif
	}
	break;
    case '^':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    s = IoTOP_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv));
	if (s)
	    sv_setpv(sv,s);
	else {
	    sv_setpv(sv,GvENAME(PL_defoutgv));
	    sv_catpv(sv,"_TOP");
	}
	break;
    case '~':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    s = IoFMT_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv));
	if (!s)
	    s = GvENAME(PL_defoutgv);
	sv_setpv(sv,s);
	break;
    case '=':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)IoPAGE_LEN(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)));
	break;
    case '-':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)IoLINES_LEFT(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)));
	break;
    case '%':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)IoPAGE(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)));
	break;
    case ':':
	break;
    case '/':
	break;
    case '[':
	WITH_THR(sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_curcop->cop_arybase));
	break;
    case '|':
	if (GvIOp(PL_defoutgv))
	    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)(IoFLAGS(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) & IOf_FLUSH) != 0 );
	break;
    case ',':
	break;
    case '\\':
	if (PL_ors_sv)
	    sv_copypv(sv, PL_ors_sv);
	break;
    case '!':
#ifdef VMS
	sv_setnv(sv, (NV)((errno == EVMSERR) ? vaxc$errno : errno));
	sv_setpv(sv, errno ? Strerror(errno) : "");
#else
	{
	const int saveerrno = errno;
	sv_setnv(sv, (NV)errno);
#ifdef OS2
	if (errno == errno_isOS2 || errno == errno_isOS2_set)
	    sv_setpv(sv, os2error(Perl_rc));
	else
#endif
	sv_setpv(sv, errno ? Strerror(errno) : "");
	errno = saveerrno;
	}
#endif
	SvRTRIM(sv);
	SvNOK_on(sv);	/* what a wonderful hack! */
	break;
    case '<':
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_uid);
	break;
    case '>':
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_euid);
	break;
    case '(':
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_gid);
	goto add_groups;
    case ')':
	sv_setiv(sv, (IV)PL_egid);
      add_groups:
#ifdef HAS_GETGROUPS
	{
	    Groups_t *gary = NULL;
	    I32 i, num_groups = getgroups(0, gary);
            Newx(gary, num_groups, Groups_t);
            num_groups = getgroups(num_groups, gary);
	    for (i = 0; i < num_groups; i++)
		Perl_sv_catpvf(aTHX_ sv, " %"IVdf, (IV)gary[i]);
            Safefree(gary);
	}
	(void)SvIOK_on(sv);	/* what a wonderful hack! */
#endif
	break;
#ifndef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
    case '0':
	break;
#endif
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getuvar(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    struct ufuncs * const uf = (struct ufuncs *)mg->mg_ptr;

    if (uf && uf->uf_val)
	(*uf->uf_val)(aTHX_ uf->uf_index, sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setenv(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    STRLEN len, klen;
    const char *s = SvPV_const(sv,len);
    const char * const ptr = MgPV_const(mg,klen);
    my_setenv(ptr, s);

#ifdef DYNAMIC_ENV_FETCH
     /* We just undefd an environment var.  Is a replacement */
     /* waiting in the wings? */
    if (!len) {
	SV ** const valp = hv_fetch(GvHVn(PL_envgv), ptr, klen, FALSE);
	if (valp)
	    s = SvPV_const(*valp, len);
    }
#endif

#if !defined(OS2) && !defined(AMIGAOS) && !defined(WIN32) && !defined(MSDOS)
			    /* And you'll never guess what the dog had */
			    /*   in its mouth... */
    if (PL_tainting) {
	MgTAINTEDDIR_off(mg);
#ifdef VMS
	if (s && klen == 8 && strEQ(ptr, "DCL$PATH")) {
	    char pathbuf[256], eltbuf[256], *cp, *elt;
	    Stat_t sbuf;
	    int i = 0, j = 0;

	    strncpy(eltbuf, s, 255);
	    eltbuf[255] = 0;
	    elt = eltbuf;
	    do {          /* DCL$PATH may be a search list */
		while (1) {   /* as may dev portion of any element */
		    if ( ((cp = strchr(elt,'[')) || (cp = strchr(elt,'<'))) ) {
			if ( *(cp+1) == '.' || *(cp+1) == '-' ||
			     cando_by_name(S_IWUSR,0,elt) ) {
			    MgTAINTEDDIR_on(mg);
			    return 0;
			}
		    }
		    if ((cp = strchr(elt, ':')) != Nullch)
			*cp = '\0';
		    if (my_trnlnm(elt, eltbuf, j++))
			elt = eltbuf;
		    else
			break;
		}
		j = 0;
	    } while (my_trnlnm(s, pathbuf, i++) && (elt = pathbuf));
	}
#endif /* VMS */
	if (s && klen == 4 && strEQ(ptr,"PATH")) {
	    const char * const strend = s + len;

	    while (s < strend) {
		char tmpbuf[256];
		Stat_t st;
		I32 i;
		s = delimcpy(tmpbuf, tmpbuf + sizeof tmpbuf,
			     s, strend, ':', &i);
		s++;
		if (i >= sizeof tmpbuf   /* too long -- assume the worst */
		      || *tmpbuf != '/'
		      || (PerlLIO_stat(tmpbuf, &st) == 0 && (st.st_mode & 2)) ) {
		    MgTAINTEDDIR_on(mg);
		    return 0;
		}
	    }
	}
    }
#endif /* neither OS2 nor AMIGAOS nor WIN32 nor MSDOS */

    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_clearenv(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    my_setenv(MgPV_nolen_const(mg),Nullch);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_set_all_env(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
#if defined(VMS)
    Perl_die(aTHX_ "Can't make list assignment to %%ENV on this system");
#else
    if (PL_localizing) {
	HE* entry;
	my_clearenv();
	hv_iterinit((HV*)sv);
	while ((entry = hv_iternext((HV*)sv))) {
	    I32 keylen;
	    my_setenv(hv_iterkey(entry, &keylen),
		      SvPV_nolen_const(hv_iterval((HV*)sv, entry)));
	}
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_clear_all_env(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
#if defined(VMS)
    Perl_die(aTHX_ "Can't make list assignment to %%ENV on this system");
#else
    my_clearenv();
#endif
    return 0;
}

#ifndef PERL_MICRO
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
static void
restore_sigmask(pTHX_ SV *save_sv)
{
    const sigset_t * const ossetp = (const sigset_t *) SvPV_nolen_const( save_sv );
    (void)sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, ossetp, (sigset_t *)0);
}
#endif
int
Perl_magic_getsig(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    /* Are we fetching a signal entry? */
    const I32 i = whichsig(MgPV_nolen_const(mg));
    if (i > 0) {
    	if(PL_psig_ptr[i])
    	    sv_setsv(sv,PL_psig_ptr[i]);
    	else {
    	    Sighandler_t sigstate;
    	    sigstate = rsignal_state(i);
#ifdef FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
    	    if (PL_sig_handlers_initted && PL_sig_ignoring[i]) sigstate = SIG_IGN;
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
    	    if (PL_sig_handlers_initted && PL_sig_defaulting[i]) sigstate = SIG_DFL;
#endif
    	    /* cache state so we don't fetch it again */
    	    if(sigstate == (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN)
    	    	sv_setpv(sv,"IGNORE");
    	    else
    	    	sv_setsv(sv,&PL_sv_undef);
    	    PL_psig_ptr[i] = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
    	    SvTEMP_off(sv);
    	}
    }
    return 0;
}
int
Perl_magic_clearsig(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    /* XXX Some of this code was copied from Perl_magic_setsig. A little
     * refactoring might be in order.
     */
    dVAR;
    register const char * const s = MgPV_nolen_const(mg);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    if (*s == '_') {
	SV** svp = NULL;
	if (strEQ(s,"__DIE__"))
	    svp = &PL_diehook;
	else if (strEQ(s,"__WARN__"))
	    svp = &PL_warnhook;
	else
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such hook: %s", s);
	if (svp && *svp) {
            SV * const to_dec = *svp;
	    *svp = NULL;
    	    SvREFCNT_dec(to_dec);
	}
    }
    else {
	/* Are we clearing a signal entry? */
	const I32 i = whichsig(s);
	if (i > 0) {
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
	    sigset_t set, save;
	    SV* save_sv;
	    /* Avoid having the signal arrive at a bad time, if possible. */
	    sigemptyset(&set);
	    sigaddset(&set,i);
	    sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &save);
	    ENTER;
	    save_sv = newSVpv((char *)(&save), sizeof(sigset_t));
	    SAVEFREESV(save_sv);
	    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(restore_sigmask, save_sv);
#endif
	    PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
#if defined(FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS) || defined(FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS)
	    if (!PL_sig_handlers_initted) Perl_csighandler_init();
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
	    PL_sig_defaulting[i] = 1;
	    (void)rsignal(i, PL_csighandlerp);
#else
	    (void)rsignal(i, (Sighandler_t) SIG_DFL);
#endif
    	    if(PL_psig_name[i]) {
    		SvREFCNT_dec(PL_psig_name[i]);
    		PL_psig_name[i]=0;
    	    }
    	    if(PL_psig_ptr[i]) {
		SV * const to_dec=PL_psig_ptr[i];
    		PL_psig_ptr[i]=0;
		LEAVE;
    		SvREFCNT_dec(to_dec);
    	    }
	    else
		LEAVE;
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
S_raise_signal(pTHX_ int sig)
{
    dVAR;
    /* Set a flag to say this signal is pending */
    PL_psig_pend[sig]++;
    /* And one to say _a_ signal is pending */
    PL_sig_pending = 1;
}

Signal_t
#if defined(HAS_SIGACTION) && defined(SA_SIGINFO)
Perl_csighandler(int sig, ...)
#else
Perl_csighandler(int sig)
#endif
{
#ifdef PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT
    dTHXa(PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT);
#else
    dTHX;
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
    (void) rsignal(sig, PL_csighandlerp);
    if (PL_sig_ignoring[sig]) return;
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
    if (PL_sig_defaulting[sig])
#ifdef KILL_BY_SIGPRC
            exit((Perl_sig_to_vmscondition(sig)&STS$M_COND_ID)|STS$K_SEVERE|STS$M_INHIB_MSG);
#else
            exit(1);
#endif
#endif
   if (PL_signals & PERL_SIGNALS_UNSAFE_FLAG)
	/* Call the perl level handler now--
	 * with risk we may be in malloc() etc. */
	(*PL_sighandlerp)(sig);
   else
	S_raise_signal(aTHX_ sig);
}

#if defined(FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS) || defined(FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS)
void
Perl_csighandler_init(void)
{
    int sig;
    if (PL_sig_handlers_initted) return;

    for (sig = 1; sig < SIG_SIZE; sig++) {
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
        dTHX;
        PL_sig_defaulting[sig] = 1;
        (void) rsignal(sig, PL_csighandlerp);
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
        PL_sig_ignoring[sig] = 0;
#endif
    }
    PL_sig_handlers_initted = 1;
}
#endif

void
Perl_despatch_signals(pTHX)
{
    dVAR;
    int sig;
    PL_sig_pending = 0;
    for (sig = 1; sig < SIG_SIZE; sig++) {
	if (PL_psig_pend[sig]) {
	    PERL_BLOCKSIG_ADD(set, sig);
 	    PL_psig_pend[sig] = 0;
	    PERL_BLOCKSIG_BLOCK(set);
	    (*PL_sighandlerp)(sig);
	    PERL_BLOCKSIG_UNBLOCK(set);
	}
    }
}

int
Perl_magic_setsig(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    I32 i;
    SV** svp = NULL;
    /* Need to be careful with SvREFCNT_dec(), because that can have side
     * effects (due to closures). We must make sure that the new disposition
     * is in place before it is called.
     */
    SV* to_dec = NULL;
    STRLEN len;
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
    sigset_t set, save;
    SV* save_sv;
#endif

    register const char *s = MgPV_const(mg,len);
    if (*s == '_') {
	if (strEQ(s,"__DIE__"))
	    svp = &PL_diehook;
	else if (strEQ(s,"__WARN__"))
	    svp = &PL_warnhook;
	else
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "No such hook: %s", s);
	i = 0;
	if (*svp) {
	    to_dec = *svp;
	    *svp = NULL;
	}
    }
    else {
	i = whichsig(s);	/* ...no, a brick */
	if (i <= 0) {
	    if (ckWARN(WARN_SIGNAL))
		Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SIGNAL), "No such signal: SIG%s", s);
	    return 0;
	}
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
	/* Avoid having the signal arrive at a bad time, if possible. */
	sigemptyset(&set);
	sigaddset(&set,i);
	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &save);
	ENTER;
	save_sv = newSVpv((char *)(&save), sizeof(sigset_t));
	SAVEFREESV(save_sv);
	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(restore_sigmask, save_sv);
#endif
	PERL_ASYNC_CHECK();
#if defined(FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS) || defined(FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS)
	if (!PL_sig_handlers_initted) Perl_csighandler_init();
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
	PL_sig_ignoring[i] = 0;
#endif
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
	PL_sig_defaulting[i] = 0;
#endif
	SvREFCNT_dec(PL_psig_name[i]);
	to_dec = PL_psig_ptr[i];
	PL_psig_ptr[i] = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
	SvTEMP_off(sv); /* Make sure it doesn't go away on us */
	PL_psig_name[i] = newSVpvn(s, len);
	SvREADONLY_on(PL_psig_name[i]);
    }
    if (SvTYPE(sv) == SVt_PVGV || SvROK(sv)) {
	if (i) {
	    (void)rsignal(i, PL_csighandlerp);
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
	    LEAVE;
#endif
	}
	else
	    *svp = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
	if(to_dec)
	    SvREFCNT_dec(to_dec);
	return 0;
    }
    s = SvPV_force(sv,len);
    if (strEQ(s,"IGNORE")) {
	if (i) {
#ifdef FAKE_PERSISTENT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
	    PL_sig_ignoring[i] = 1;
	    (void)rsignal(i, PL_csighandlerp);
#else
	    (void)rsignal(i, (Sighandler_t) SIG_IGN);
#endif
	}
    }
    else if (strEQ(s,"DEFAULT") || !*s) {
	if (i)
#ifdef FAKE_DEFAULT_SIGNAL_HANDLERS
	  {
	    PL_sig_defaulting[i] = 1;
	    (void)rsignal(i, PL_csighandlerp);
	  }
#else
	    (void)rsignal(i, (Sighandler_t) SIG_DFL);
#endif
    }
    else {
	/*
	 * We should warn if HINT_STRICT_REFS, but without
	 * access to a known hint bit in a known OP, we can't
	 * tell whether HINT_STRICT_REFS is in force or not.
	 */
	if (!strchr(s,':') && !strchr(s,'\''))
	    Perl_sv_insert(aTHX_ sv, 0, 0, STR_WITH_LEN("main::"));
	if (i)
	    (void)rsignal(i, PL_csighandlerp);
	else
	    *svp = SvREFCNT_inc(sv);
    }
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
    if(i)
	LEAVE;
#endif
    if(to_dec)
	SvREFCNT_dec(to_dec);
    return 0;
}
#endif /* !PERL_MICRO */

int
Perl_magic_setisa(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    PL_sub_generation++;
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setamagic(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    /* HV_badAMAGIC_on(Sv_STASH(sv)); */
    PL_amagic_generation++;

    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getnkeys(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    HV * const hv = (HV*)LvTARG(sv);
    I32 i = 0;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);

    if (hv) {
         (void) hv_iterinit(hv);
         if (! SvTIED_mg((SV*)hv, PERL_MAGIC_tied))
	     i = HvKEYS(hv);
         else {
	     while (hv_iternext(hv))
	         i++;
         }
    }

    sv_setiv(sv, (IV)i);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setnkeys(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    if (LvTARG(sv)) {
	hv_ksplit((HV*)LvTARG(sv), SvIV(sv));
    }
    return 0;
}

/* caller is responsible for stack switching/cleanup */
STATIC int
S_magic_methcall(pTHX_ SV *sv, const MAGIC *mg, const char *meth, I32 flags, int n, SV *val)
{
    dVAR;
    dSP;

    PUSHMARK(SP);
    EXTEND(SP, n);
    PUSHs(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
    if (n > 1) {
	if (mg->mg_ptr) {
	    if (mg->mg_len >= 0)
		PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(mg->mg_ptr, mg->mg_len)));
	    else if (mg->mg_len == HEf_SVKEY)
		PUSHs((SV*)mg->mg_ptr);
	}
	else if (mg->mg_type == PERL_MAGIC_tiedelem) {
	    PUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSViv(mg->mg_len)));
	}
    }
    if (n > 2) {
	PUSHs(val);
    }
    PUTBACK;

    return call_method(meth, flags);
}

STATIC int
S_magic_methpack(pTHX_ SV *sv, const MAGIC *mg, const char *meth)
{
    dVAR; dSP;

    ENTER;
    SAVETMPS;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);

    if (magic_methcall(sv, mg, meth, G_SCALAR, 2, NULL)) {
	sv_setsv(sv, *PL_stack_sp--);
    }

    POPSTACK;
    FREETMPS;
    LEAVE;
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getpack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    if (mg->mg_ptr)
	mg->mg_flags |= MGf_GSKIP;
    magic_methpack(sv,mg,"FETCH");
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setpack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    ENTER;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
    magic_methcall(sv, mg, "STORE", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD, 3, sv);
    POPSTACK;
    LEAVE;
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_clearpack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    return magic_methpack(sv,mg,"DELETE");
}


U32
Perl_magic_sizepack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    U32 retval = 0;

    ENTER;
    SAVETMPS;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
    if (magic_methcall(sv, mg, "FETCHSIZE", G_SCALAR, 2, NULL)) {
	sv = *PL_stack_sp--;
	retval = (U32) SvIV(sv)-1;
    }
    POPSTACK;
    FREETMPS;
    LEAVE;
    return retval;
}

int
Perl_magic_wipepack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR; dSP;

    ENTER;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
    PUSHMARK(SP);
    XPUSHs(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
    PUTBACK;
    call_method("CLEAR", G_SCALAR|G_DISCARD);
    POPSTACK;
    LEAVE;

    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_nextpack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg, SV *key)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    const char * const meth = SvOK(key) ? "NEXTKEY" : "FIRSTKEY";

    ENTER;
    SAVETMPS;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
    PUSHMARK(SP);
    EXTEND(SP, 2);
    PUSHs(SvTIED_obj(sv, mg));
    if (SvOK(key))
	PUSHs(key);
    PUTBACK;

    if (call_method(meth, G_SCALAR))
	sv_setsv(key, *PL_stack_sp--);

    POPSTACK;
    FREETMPS;
    LEAVE;
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_existspack(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    return magic_methpack(sv,mg,"EXISTS");
}

SV *
Perl_magic_scalarpack(pTHX_ HV *hv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR; dSP;
    SV *retval = &PL_sv_undef;
    SV * const tied = SvTIED_obj((SV*)hv, mg);
    HV * const pkg = SvSTASH((SV*)SvRV(tied));
   
    if (!gv_fetchmethod_autoload(pkg, "SCALAR", FALSE)) {
        SV *key;
        if (HvEITER_get(hv))
            /* we are in an iteration so the hash cannot be empty */
            return &PL_sv_yes;
        /* no xhv_eiter so now use FIRSTKEY */
        key = sv_newmortal();
        magic_nextpack((SV*)hv, mg, key);
        HvEITER_set(hv, NULL);     /* need to reset iterator */
        return SvOK(key) ? &PL_sv_yes : &PL_sv_no;
    }
   
    /* there is a SCALAR method that we can call */
    ENTER;
    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_MAGIC);
    PUSHMARK(SP);
    EXTEND(SP, 1);
    PUSHs(tied);
    PUTBACK;

    if (call_method("SCALAR", G_SCALAR))
        retval = *PL_stack_sp--; 
    POPSTACK;
    LEAVE;
    return retval;
}

int
Perl_magic_setdbline(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    GV * const gv = PL_DBline;
    const I32 i = SvTRUE(sv);
    SV ** const svp = av_fetch(GvAV(gv),
		     atoi(MgPV_nolen_const(mg)), FALSE);
    if (svp && SvIOKp(*svp)) {
	OP * const o = INT2PTR(OP*,SvIVX(*svp));
	if (o) {
	    /* set or clear breakpoint in the relevant control op */
	    if (i)
		o->op_flags |= OPf_SPECIAL;
	    else
		o->op_flags &= ~OPf_SPECIAL;
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getarylen(pTHX_ SV *sv, const MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    const AV * const obj = (AV*)mg->mg_obj;
    if (obj) {
	sv_setiv(sv, AvFILL(obj) + PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
    } else {
	SvOK_off(sv);
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setarylen(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    AV * const obj = (AV*)mg->mg_obj;
    if (obj) {
	av_fill(obj, SvIV(sv) - PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
    } else {
	if (ckWARN(WARN_MISC))
	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_MISC),
			"Attempt to set length of freed array");
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_freearylen_p(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    /* during global destruction, mg_obj may already have been freed */
    if (PL_in_clean_all)
	return 0;

    mg = mg_find (mg->mg_obj, PERL_MAGIC_arylen);

    if (mg) {
	/* arylen scalar holds a pointer back to the array, but doesn't own a
	   reference. Hence the we (the array) are about to go away with it
	   still pointing at us. Clear its pointer, else it would be pointing
	   at free memory. See the comment in sv_magic about reference loops,
	   and why it can't own a reference to us.  */
	mg->mg_obj = 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getpos(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    SV* const lsv = LvTARG(sv);

    if (SvTYPE(lsv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(lsv)) {
	mg = mg_find(lsv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
	if (mg && mg->mg_len >= 0) {
	    I32 i = mg->mg_len;
	    if (DO_UTF8(lsv))
		sv_pos_b2u(lsv, &i);
	    sv_setiv(sv, i + PL_curcop->cop_arybase);
	    return 0;
	}
    }
    SvOK_off(sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setpos(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    SV* const lsv = LvTARG(sv);
    SSize_t pos;
    STRLEN len;
    STRLEN ulen = 0;

    mg = 0;

    if (SvTYPE(lsv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(lsv))
	mg = mg_find(lsv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
    if (!mg) {
	if (!SvOK(sv))
	    return 0;
	sv_magic(lsv, NULL, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global, NULL, 0);
	mg = mg_find(lsv, PERL_MAGIC_regex_global);
    }
    else if (!SvOK(sv)) {
	mg->mg_len = -1;
	return 0;
    }
    len = SvPOK(lsv) ? SvCUR(lsv) : sv_len(lsv);

    pos = SvIV(sv) - PL_curcop->cop_arybase;

    if (DO_UTF8(lsv)) {
	ulen = sv_len_utf8(lsv);
	if (ulen)
	    len = ulen;
    }

    if (pos < 0) {
	pos += len;
	if (pos < 0)
	    pos = 0;
    }
    else if (pos > (SSize_t)len)
	pos = len;

    if (ulen) {
	I32 p = pos;
	sv_pos_u2b(lsv, &p, 0);
	pos = p;
    }

    mg->mg_len = pos;
    mg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_MINMATCH;

    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getglob(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    if (SvFAKE(sv)) {			/* FAKE globs can get coerced */
	SvFAKE_off(sv);
	gv_efullname3(sv,((GV*)sv), "*");
	SvFAKE_on(sv);
    }
    else
	gv_efullname3(sv,((GV*)sv), "*");	/* a gv value, be nice */
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setglob(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    GV* gv;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);

    if (!SvOK(sv))
	return 0;
    gv =  gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVGV);
    if (sv == (SV*)gv)
	return 0;
    if (GvGP(sv))
	gp_free((GV*)sv);
    GvGP(sv) = gp_ref(GvGP(gv));
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getsubstr(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    STRLEN len;
    SV * const lsv = LvTARG(sv);
    const char * const tmps = SvPV_const(lsv,len);
    I32 offs = LvTARGOFF(sv);
    I32 rem = LvTARGLEN(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);

    if (SvUTF8(lsv))
	sv_pos_u2b(lsv, &offs, &rem);
    if (offs > (I32)len)
	offs = len;
    if (rem + offs > (I32)len)
	rem = len - offs;
    sv_setpvn(sv, tmps + offs, (STRLEN)rem);
    if (SvUTF8(lsv))
        SvUTF8_on(sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setsubstr(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    STRLEN len;
    const char *tmps = SvPV_const(sv, len);
    SV * const lsv = LvTARG(sv);
    I32 lvoff = LvTARGOFF(sv);
    I32 lvlen = LvTARGLEN(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);

    if (DO_UTF8(sv)) {
	sv_utf8_upgrade(lsv);
 	sv_pos_u2b(lsv, &lvoff, &lvlen);
	sv_insert(lsv, lvoff, lvlen, tmps, len);
	LvTARGLEN(sv) = sv_len_utf8(sv);
	SvUTF8_on(lsv);
    }
    else if (lsv && SvUTF8(lsv)) {
	sv_pos_u2b(lsv, &lvoff, &lvlen);
	LvTARGLEN(sv) = len;
	tmps = (char*)bytes_to_utf8((U8*)tmps, &len);
	sv_insert(lsv, lvoff, lvlen, tmps, len);
	Safefree(tmps);
    }
    else {
	sv_insert(lsv, lvoff, lvlen, tmps, len);
	LvTARGLEN(sv) = len;
    }


    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_gettaint(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    TAINT_IF((PL_localizing != 1) && (mg->mg_len & 1));
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_settaint(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    /* update taint status unless we're restoring at scope exit */
    if (PL_localizing != 2) {
	if (PL_tainted)
	    mg->mg_len |= 1;
	else
	    mg->mg_len &= ~1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getvec(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    SV * const lsv = LvTARG(sv);
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);

    if (lsv)
	sv_setuv(sv, do_vecget(lsv, LvTARGOFF(sv), LvTARGLEN(sv)));
    else
	SvOK_off(sv);

    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setvec(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    do_vecset(sv);	/* XXX slurp this routine */
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_getdefelem(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    SV *targ = Nullsv;
    if (LvTARGLEN(sv)) {
	if (mg->mg_obj) {
	    SV * const ahv = LvTARG(sv);
	    HE * const he = hv_fetch_ent((HV*)ahv, mg->mg_obj, FALSE, 0);
            if (he)
                targ = HeVAL(he);
	}
	else {
	    AV* const av = (AV*)LvTARG(sv);
	    if ((I32)LvTARGOFF(sv) <= AvFILL(av))
		targ = AvARRAY(av)[LvTARGOFF(sv)];
	}
	if (targ && targ != &PL_sv_undef) {
	    /* somebody else defined it for us */
	    SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(sv));
	    LvTARG(sv) = SvREFCNT_inc(targ);
	    LvTARGLEN(sv) = 0;
	    SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
	    mg->mg_obj = Nullsv;
	    mg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_REFCOUNTED;
	}
    }
    else
	targ = LvTARG(sv);
    sv_setsv(sv, targ ? targ : &PL_sv_undef);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setdefelem(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    if (LvTARGLEN(sv))
	vivify_defelem(sv);
    if (LvTARG(sv)) {
	sv_setsv(LvTARG(sv), sv);
	SvSETMAGIC(LvTARG(sv));
    }
    return 0;
}

void
Perl_vivify_defelem(pTHX_ SV *sv)
{
    dVAR;
    MAGIC *mg;
    SV *value = Nullsv;

    if (!LvTARGLEN(sv) || !(mg = mg_find(sv, PERL_MAGIC_defelem)))
	return;
    if (mg->mg_obj) {
	SV * const ahv = LvTARG(sv);
	HE * const he = hv_fetch_ent((HV*)ahv, mg->mg_obj, TRUE, 0);
        if (he)
            value = HeVAL(he);
	if (!value || value == &PL_sv_undef)
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_helem_sv, mg->mg_obj);
    }
    else {
	AV* const av = (AV*)LvTARG(sv);
	if ((I32)LvTARGLEN(sv) < 0 && (I32)LvTARGOFF(sv) > AvFILL(av))
	    LvTARG(sv) = Nullsv;	/* array can't be extended */
	else {
	    SV** const svp = av_fetch(av, LvTARGOFF(sv), TRUE);
	    if (!svp || (value = *svp) == &PL_sv_undef)
		Perl_croak(aTHX_ PL_no_aelem, (I32)LvTARGOFF(sv));
	}
    }
    (void)SvREFCNT_inc(value);
    SvREFCNT_dec(LvTARG(sv));
    LvTARG(sv) = value;
    LvTARGLEN(sv) = 0;
    SvREFCNT_dec(mg->mg_obj);
    mg->mg_obj = Nullsv;
    mg->mg_flags &= ~MGf_REFCOUNTED;
}

int
Perl_magic_killbackrefs(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    return Perl_sv_kill_backrefs(aTHX_ sv, (AV*)mg->mg_obj);
}

int
Perl_magic_setmglob(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    mg->mg_len = -1;
    SvSCREAM_off(sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setbm(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_bm);
    SvVALID_off(sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setfm(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_fm);
    SvCOMPILED_off(sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setuvar(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    const struct ufuncs * const uf = (struct ufuncs *)mg->mg_ptr;

    if (uf && uf->uf_set)
	(*uf->uf_set)(aTHX_ uf->uf_index, sv);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_setregexp(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(mg);
    sv_unmagic(sv, PERL_MAGIC_qr);
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_freeregexp(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    regexp * const re = (regexp *)mg->mg_obj;
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);

    ReREFCNT_dec(re);
    return 0;
}

#ifdef USE_LOCALE_COLLATE
int
Perl_magic_setcollxfrm(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    /*
     * RenE<eacute> Descartes said "I think not."
     * and vanished with a faint plop.
     */
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    if (mg->mg_ptr) {
	Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);
	mg->mg_ptr = NULL;
	mg->mg_len = -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif /* USE_LOCALE_COLLATE */

/* Just clear the UTF-8 cache data. */
int
Perl_magic_setutf8(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    PERL_UNUSED_ARG(sv);
    Safefree(mg->mg_ptr);	/* The mg_ptr holds the pos cache. */
    mg->mg_ptr = 0;
    mg->mg_len = -1;		/* The mg_len holds the len cache. */
    return 0;
}

int
Perl_magic_set(pTHX_ SV *sv, MAGIC *mg)
{
    dVAR;
    register const char *s;
    I32 i;
    STRLEN len;
    switch (*mg->mg_ptr) {
    case '\001':	/* ^A */
	sv_setsv(PL_bodytarget, sv);
	break;
    case '\003':	/* ^C */
	PL_minus_c = (bool)(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
	break;

    case '\004':	/* ^D */
#ifdef DEBUGGING
	s = SvPV_nolen_const(sv);
	PL_debug = get_debug_opts(&s, 0) | DEBUG_TOP_FLAG;
	DEBUG_x(dump_all());
#else
	PL_debug = (SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv)) | DEBUG_TOP_FLAG;
#endif
	break;
    case '\005':  /* ^E */
	if (*(mg->mg_ptr+1) == '\0') {
#ifdef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
	    gMacPerl_OSErr = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
#else
#  ifdef VMS
	    set_vaxc_errno(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
#  else
#    ifdef WIN32
	    SetLastError( SvIV(sv) );
#    else
#      ifdef OS2
	    os2_setsyserrno(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
#      else
	    /* will anyone ever use this? */
	    SETERRNO(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv), 4);
#      endif
#    endif
#  endif
#endif
	}
	else if (strEQ(mg->mg_ptr+1, "NCODING")) {
	    if (PL_encoding)
		SvREFCNT_dec(PL_encoding);
	    if (SvOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
		PL_encoding = newSVsv(sv);
	    }
	    else {
		PL_encoding = Nullsv;
	    }
	}
	break;
    case '\006':	/* ^F */
	PL_maxsysfd = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	break;
    case '\010':	/* ^H */
	PL_hints = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	break;
    case '\011':	/* ^I */ /* NOT \t in EBCDIC */
	Safefree(PL_inplace);
	PL_inplace = SvOK(sv) ? savesvpv(sv) : Nullch;
	break;
    case '\017':	/* ^O */
	if (*(mg->mg_ptr+1) == '\0') {
	    Safefree(PL_osname);
	    PL_osname = Nullch;
	    if (SvOK(sv)) {
		TAINT_PROPER("assigning to $^O");
		PL_osname = savesvpv(sv);
	    }
	}
	else if (strEQ(mg->mg_ptr, "\017PEN")) {
	    if (!PL_compiling.cop_io)
		PL_compiling.cop_io = newSVsv(sv);
	    else
		sv_setsv(PL_compiling.cop_io,sv);
	}
	break;
    case '\020':	/* ^P */
	PL_perldb = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	if (PL_perldb && !PL_DBsingle)
	    init_debugger();
	break;
    case '\024':	/* ^T */
#ifdef BIG_TIME
	PL_basetime = (Time_t)(SvNOK(sv) ? SvNVX(sv) : sv_2nv(sv));
#else
	PL_basetime = (Time_t)(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
#endif
	break;
    case '\027':	/* ^W & $^WARNING_BITS */
	if (*(mg->mg_ptr+1) == '\0') {
	    if ( ! (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_MASK)) {
	        i = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	        PL_dowarn = (PL_dowarn & ~G_WARN_ON)
		    		| (i ? G_WARN_ON : G_WARN_OFF) ;
	    }
	}
	else if (strEQ(mg->mg_ptr+1, "ARNING_BITS")) {
	    if ( ! (PL_dowarn & G_WARN_ALL_MASK)) {
		if (!SvPOK(sv) && PL_localizing) {
	            sv_setpvn(sv, WARN_NONEstring, WARNsize);
	            PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_NONE;
		    break;
		}
		{
		    STRLEN len, i;
		    int accumulate = 0 ;
		    int any_fatals = 0 ;
		    const char * const ptr = SvPV_const(sv, len) ;
		    for (i = 0 ; i < len ; ++i) {
		        accumulate |= ptr[i] ;
		        any_fatals |= (ptr[i] & 0xAA) ;
		    }
		    if (!accumulate)
	                PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_NONE;
		    else if (isWARN_on(sv, WARN_ALL) && !any_fatals) {
	                PL_compiling.cop_warnings = pWARN_ALL;
	                PL_dowarn |= G_WARN_ONCE ;
	            }
                    else {
	                if (specialWARN(PL_compiling.cop_warnings))
		            PL_compiling.cop_warnings = newSVsv(sv) ;
	                else
	                    sv_setsv(PL_compiling.cop_warnings, sv);
	                if (isWARN_on(PL_compiling.cop_warnings, WARN_ONCE))
	                    PL_dowarn |= G_WARN_ONCE ;
	            }

		}
	    }
	}
	break;
    case '.':
	if (PL_localizing) {
	    if (PL_localizing == 1)
		SAVESPTR(PL_last_in_gv);
	}
	else if (SvOK(sv) && GvIO(PL_last_in_gv))
	    IoLINES(GvIOp(PL_last_in_gv)) = SvIV(sv);
	break;
    case '^':
	Safefree(IoTOP_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)));
	s = IoTOP_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = savesvpv(sv);
	IoTOP_GV(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) =  gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO);
	break;
    case '~':
	Safefree(IoFMT_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)));
	s = IoFMT_NAME(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = savesvpv(sv);
	IoFMT_GV(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) =  gv_fetchsv(sv, GV_ADD, SVt_PVIO);
	break;
    case '=':
	IoPAGE_LEN(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = (SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
	break;
    case '-':
	IoLINES_LEFT(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = (SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
	if (IoLINES_LEFT(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) < 0L)
	    IoLINES_LEFT(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = 0L;
	break;
    case '%':
	IoPAGE(GvIOp(PL_defoutgv)) = (SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
	break;
    case '|':
	{
	    IO * const io = GvIOp(PL_defoutgv);
	    if(!io)
	      break;
	    if ((SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv)) == 0)
		IoFLAGS(io) &= ~IOf_FLUSH;
	    else {
		if (!(IoFLAGS(io) & IOf_FLUSH)) {
		    PerlIO *ofp = IoOFP(io);
		    if (ofp)
			(void)PerlIO_flush(ofp);
		    IoFLAGS(io) |= IOf_FLUSH;
		}
	    }
	}
	break;
    case '/':
	SvREFCNT_dec(PL_rs);
	PL_rs = newSVsv(sv);
	break;
    case '\\':
	if (PL_ors_sv)
	    SvREFCNT_dec(PL_ors_sv);
	if (SvOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
	    PL_ors_sv = newSVsv(sv);
	}
	else {
	    PL_ors_sv = Nullsv;
	}
	break;
    case ',':
	if (PL_ofs_sv)
	    SvREFCNT_dec(PL_ofs_sv);
	if (SvOK(sv) || SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
	    PL_ofs_sv = newSVsv(sv);
	}
	else {
	    PL_ofs_sv = Nullsv;
	}
	break;
    case '[':
	PL_compiling.cop_arybase = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	break;
    case '?':
#ifdef COMPLEX_STATUS
	if (PL_localizing == 2) {
	    PL_statusvalue = LvTARGOFF(sv);
	    PL_statusvalue_vms = LvTARGLEN(sv);
	}
	else
#endif
#ifdef VMSISH_STATUS
	if (VMSISH_STATUS)
	    STATUS_NATIVE_CHILD_SET((U32)SvIV(sv));
	else
#endif
	    STATUS_UNIX_EXIT_SET(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv));
	break;
    case '!':
        {
#ifdef VMS
#   define PERL_VMS_BANG vaxc$errno
#else
#   define PERL_VMS_BANG 0
#endif
	SETERRNO(SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : SvOK(sv) ? sv_2iv(sv) : 0,
		 (SvIV(sv) == EVMSERR) ? 4 : PERL_VMS_BANG);
	}
	break;
    case '<':
	PL_uid = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	if (PL_delaymagic) {
	    PL_delaymagic |= DM_RUID;
	    break;				/* don't do magic till later */
	}
#ifdef HAS_SETRUID
	(void)setruid((Uid_t)PL_uid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETREUID
	(void)setreuid((Uid_t)PL_uid, (Uid_t)-1);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETRESUID
      (void)setresuid((Uid_t)PL_uid, (Uid_t)-1, (Uid_t)-1);
#else
	if (PL_uid == PL_euid) {		/* special case $< = $> */
#ifdef PERL_DARWIN
	    /* workaround for Darwin's setuid peculiarity, cf [perl #24122] */
	    if (PL_uid != 0 && PerlProc_getuid() == 0)
		(void)PerlProc_setuid(0);
#endif
	    (void)PerlProc_setuid(PL_uid);
	} else {
	    PL_uid = PerlProc_getuid();
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "setruid() not implemented");
	}
#endif
#endif
#endif
	PL_uid = PerlProc_getuid();
	PL_tainting |= (PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
	break;
    case '>':
	PL_euid = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	if (PL_delaymagic) {
	    PL_delaymagic |= DM_EUID;
	    break;				/* don't do magic till later */
	}
#ifdef HAS_SETEUID
	(void)seteuid((Uid_t)PL_euid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETREUID
	(void)setreuid((Uid_t)-1, (Uid_t)PL_euid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETRESUID
	(void)setresuid((Uid_t)-1, (Uid_t)PL_euid, (Uid_t)-1);
#else
	if (PL_euid == PL_uid)		/* special case $> = $< */
	    PerlProc_setuid(PL_euid);
	else {
	    PL_euid = PerlProc_geteuid();
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "seteuid() not implemented");
	}
#endif
#endif
#endif
	PL_euid = PerlProc_geteuid();
	PL_tainting |= (PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
	break;
    case '(':
	PL_gid = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
	if (PL_delaymagic) {
	    PL_delaymagic |= DM_RGID;
	    break;				/* don't do magic till later */
	}
#ifdef HAS_SETRGID
	(void)setrgid((Gid_t)PL_gid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETREGID
	(void)setregid((Gid_t)PL_gid, (Gid_t)-1);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETRESGID
      (void)setresgid((Gid_t)PL_gid, (Gid_t)-1, (Gid_t) 1);
#else
	if (PL_gid == PL_egid)			/* special case $( = $) */
	    (void)PerlProc_setgid(PL_gid);
	else {
	    PL_gid = PerlProc_getgid();
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "setrgid() not implemented");
	}
#endif
#endif
#endif
	PL_gid = PerlProc_getgid();
	PL_tainting |= (PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
	break;
    case ')':
#ifdef HAS_SETGROUPS
	{
	    const char *p = SvPV_const(sv, len);
            Groups_t *gary = NULL;

            while (isSPACE(*p))
                ++p;
            PL_egid = Atol(p);
            for (i = 0; i < NGROUPS; ++i) {
                while (*p && !isSPACE(*p))
                    ++p;
                while (isSPACE(*p))
                    ++p;
                if (!*p)
                    break;
                if(!gary)
                    Newx(gary, i + 1, Groups_t);
                else
                    Renew(gary, i + 1, Groups_t);
                gary[i] = Atol(p);
            }
            if (i)
                (void)setgroups(i, gary);
            if (gary)
                Safefree(gary);
	}
#else  /* HAS_SETGROUPS */
	PL_egid = SvIOK(sv) ? SvIVX(sv) : sv_2iv(sv);
#endif /* HAS_SETGROUPS */
	if (PL_delaymagic) {
	    PL_delaymagic |= DM_EGID;
	    break;				/* don't do magic till later */
	}
#ifdef HAS_SETEGID
	(void)setegid((Gid_t)PL_egid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETREGID
	(void)setregid((Gid_t)-1, (Gid_t)PL_egid);
#else
#ifdef HAS_SETRESGID
	(void)setresgid((Gid_t)-1, (Gid_t)PL_egid, (Gid_t)-1);
#else
	if (PL_egid == PL_gid)			/* special case $) = $( */
	    (void)PerlProc_setgid(PL_egid);
	else {
	    PL_egid = PerlProc_getegid();
	    Perl_croak(aTHX_ "setegid() not implemented");
	}
#endif
#endif
#endif
	PL_egid = PerlProc_getegid();
	PL_tainting |= (PL_uid && (PL_euid != PL_uid || PL_egid != PL_gid));
	break;
    case ':':
	PL_chopset = SvPV_force(sv,len);
	break;
#ifndef MACOS_TRADITIONAL
    case '0':
	LOCK_DOLLARZERO_MUTEX;
#ifdef HAS_SETPROCTITLE
	/* The BSDs don't show the argv[] in ps(1) output, they
	 * show a string from the process struct and provide
	 * the setproctitle() routine to manipulate that. */
	if (PL_origalen != 1) {
	    s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
#   if __FreeBSD_version > 410001
	    /* The leading "-" removes the "perl: " prefix,
	     * but not the "(perl) suffix from the ps(1)
	     * output, because that's what ps(1) shows if the
	     * argv[] is modified. */
	    setproctitle("-%s", s);
#   else	/* old FreeBSDs, NetBSD, OpenBSD, anyBSD */
	    /* This doesn't really work if you assume that
	     * $0 = 'foobar'; will wipe out 'perl' from the $0
	     * because in ps(1) output the result will be like
	     * sprintf("perl: %s (perl)", s)
	     * I guess this is a security feature:
	     * one (a user process) cannot get rid of the original name.
	     * --jhi */
	    setproctitle("%s", s);
#   endif
	}
#endif
#if defined(__hpux) && defined(PSTAT_SETCMD)
	if (PL_origalen != 1) {
	     union pstun un;
	     s = SvPV_const(sv, len);
	     un.pst_command = (char *)s;
	     pstat(PSTAT_SETCMD, un, len, 0, 0);
	}
#endif
	if (PL_origalen > 1) {
	    /* PL_origalen is set in perl_parse(). */
	    s = SvPV_force(sv,len);
	    if (len >= (STRLEN)PL_origalen-1) {
		/* Longer than original, will be truncated. We assume that
		 * PL_origalen bytes are available. */
		Copy(s, PL_origargv[0], PL_origalen-1, char);
	    }
	    else {
		/* Shorter than original, will be padded. */
		Copy(s, PL_origargv[0], len, char);
		PL_origargv[0][len] = 0;
		memset(PL_origargv[0] + len + 1,
		       /* Is the space counterintuitive?  Yes.
			* (You were expecting \0?)  
			* Does it work?  Seems to.  (In Linux 2.4.20 at least.)
			* --jhi */
		       (int)' ',
		       PL_origalen - len - 1);
	    }
	    PL_origargv[0][PL_origalen-1] = 0;
	    for (i = 1; i < PL_origargc; i++)
		PL_origargv[i] = 0;
	}
	UNLOCK_DOLLARZERO_MUTEX;
	break;
#endif
    }
    return 0;
}

I32
Perl_whichsig(pTHX_ const char *sig)
{
    register char* const* sigv;

    for (sigv = (char* const*)PL_sig_name; *sigv; sigv++)
	if (strEQ(sig,*sigv))
	    return PL_sig_num[sigv - (char* const*)PL_sig_name];
#ifdef SIGCLD
    if (strEQ(sig,"CHLD"))
	return SIGCLD;
#endif
#ifdef SIGCHLD
    if (strEQ(sig,"CLD"))
	return SIGCHLD;
#endif
    return -1;
}

Signal_t
#if defined(HAS_SIGACTION) && defined(SA_SIGINFO)
Perl_sighandler(int sig, ...)
#else
Perl_sighandler(int sig)
#endif
{
#ifdef PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT
    dTHXa(PERL_GET_SIG_CONTEXT);
#else
    dTHX;
#endif
    dSP;
    GV *gv = Nullgv;
    SV *sv = Nullsv;
    SV * const tSv = PL_Sv;
    CV *cv = Nullcv;
    OP *myop = PL_op;
    U32 flags = 0;
    XPV * const tXpv = PL_Xpv;

    if (PL_savestack_ix + 15 <= PL_savestack_max)
	flags |= 1;
    if (PL_markstack_ptr < PL_markstack_max - 2)
	flags |= 4;
    if (PL_scopestack_ix < PL_scopestack_max - 3)
	flags |= 16;

    if (!PL_psig_ptr[sig]) {
		PerlIO_printf(Perl_error_log, "Signal SIG%s received, but no signal handler set.\n",
				 PL_sig_name[sig]);
		exit(sig);
	}

    /* Max number of items pushed there is 3*n or 4. We cannot fix
       infinity, so we fix 4 (in fact 5): */
    if (flags & 1) {
	PL_savestack_ix += 5;		/* Protect save in progress. */
	SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(S_unwind_handler_stack, (void*)&flags);
    }
    if (flags & 4)
	PL_markstack_ptr++;		/* Protect mark. */
    if (flags & 16)
	PL_scopestack_ix += 1;
    /* sv_2cv is too complicated, try a simpler variant first: */
    if (!SvROK(PL_psig_ptr[sig]) || !(cv = (CV*)SvRV(PL_psig_ptr[sig]))
	|| SvTYPE(cv) != SVt_PVCV) {
	HV *st;
	cv = sv_2cv(PL_psig_ptr[sig], &st, &gv, GV_ADD);
    }

    if (!cv || !CvROOT(cv)) {
	if (ckWARN(WARN_SIGNAL))
	    Perl_warner(aTHX_ packWARN(WARN_SIGNAL), "SIG%s handler \"%s\" not defined.\n",
		PL_sig_name[sig], (gv ? GvENAME(gv)
				: ((cv && CvGV(cv))
				   ? GvENAME(CvGV(cv))
				   : "__ANON__")));
	goto cleanup;
    }

    if(PL_psig_name[sig]) {
    	sv = SvREFCNT_inc(PL_psig_name[sig]);
	flags |= 64;
#if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
	PL_sig_sv = sv;
#endif
    } else {
	sv = sv_newmortal();
	sv_setpv(sv,PL_sig_name[sig]);
    }

    PUSHSTACKi(PERLSI_SIGNAL);
    PUSHMARK(SP);
    PUSHs(sv);
#if defined(HAS_SIGACTION) && defined(SA_SIGINFO)
    {
	 struct sigaction oact;

	 if (sigaction(sig, 0, &oact) == 0 && oact.sa_flags & SA_SIGINFO) {
	      siginfo_t *sip;
	      va_list args;

	      va_start(args, sig);
	      sip = (siginfo_t*)va_arg(args, siginfo_t*);
	      if (sip) {
		   HV *sih = newHV();
		   SV *rv  = newRV_noinc((SV*)sih);
		   /* The siginfo fields signo, code, errno, pid, uid,
		    * addr, status, and band are defined by POSIX/SUSv3. */
		   hv_store(sih, "signo",   5, newSViv(sip->si_signo),  0);
		   hv_store(sih, "code",    4, newSViv(sip->si_code),   0);
#if 0 /* XXX TODO: Configure scan for the existence of these, but even that does not help if the SA_SIGINFO is not implemented according to the spec. */
		   hv_store(sih, "errno",   5, newSViv(sip->si_errno),  0);
		   hv_store(sih, "status",  6, newSViv(sip->si_status), 0);
		   hv_store(sih, "uid",     3, newSViv(sip->si_uid),    0);
		   hv_store(sih, "pid",     3, newSViv(sip->si_pid),    0);
		   hv_store(sih, "addr",    4, newSVuv(PTR2UV(sip->si_addr)),   0);
		   hv_store(sih, "band",    4, newSViv(sip->si_band),   0);
#endif
		   EXTEND(SP, 2);
		   PUSHs((SV*)rv);
		   PUSHs(newSVpv((void*)sip, sizeof(*sip)));
	      }

              va_end(args);
	 }
    }
#endif
    PUTBACK;

    call_sv((SV*)cv, G_DISCARD|G_EVAL);

    POPSTACK;
    if (SvTRUE(ERRSV)) {
#ifndef PERL_MICRO
#ifdef HAS_SIGPROCMASK
	/* Handler "died", for example to get out of a restart-able read().
	 * Before we re-do that on its behalf re-enable the signal which was
	 * blocked by the system when we entered.
	 */
	sigset_t set;
	sigemptyset(&set);
	sigaddset(&set,sig);
	sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &set, NULL);
#else
	/* Not clear if this will work */
	(void)rsignal(sig, SIG_IGN);
	(void)rsignal(sig, PL_csighandlerp);
#endif
#endif /* !PERL_MICRO */
	Perl_die(aTHX_ Nullch);
    }
cleanup:
    if (flags & 1)
	PL_savestack_ix -= 8; /* Unprotect save in progress. */
    if (flags & 4)
	PL_markstack_ptr--;
    if (flags & 16)
	PL_scopestack_ix -= 1;
    if (flags & 64)
	SvREFCNT_dec(sv);
    PL_op = myop;			/* Apparently not needed... */

    PL_Sv = tSv;			/* Restore global temporaries. */
    PL_Xpv = tXpv;
    return;
}


static void
S_restore_magic(pTHX_ const void *p)
{
    dVAR;
    MGS* const mgs = SSPTR(PTR2IV(p), MGS*);
    SV* const sv = mgs->mgs_sv;

    if (!sv)
        return;

    if (SvTYPE(sv) >= SVt_PVMG && SvMAGIC(sv))
    {
#ifdef PERL_OLD_COPY_ON_WRITE
	/* While magic was saved (and off) sv_setsv may well have seen
	   this SV as a prime candidate for COW.  */
	if (SvIsCOW(sv))
	    sv_force_normal_flags(sv, 0);
#endif

	if (mgs->mgs_flags)
	    SvFLAGS(sv) |= mgs->mgs_flags;
	else
	    mg_magical(sv);
	if (SvGMAGICAL(sv)) {
	    /* downgrade public flags to private,
	       and discard any other private flags */

	    U32 public = SvFLAGS(sv) & (SVf_IOK|SVf_NOK|SVf_POK);
	    if (public) {
		SvFLAGS(sv) &= ~( public | SVp_IOK|SVp_NOK|SVp_POK );
		SvFLAGS(sv) |= ( public << PRIVSHIFT );
	    }
	}
    }

    mgs->mgs_sv = NULL;  /* mark the MGS structure as restored */

    /* If we're still on top of the stack, pop us off.  (That condition
     * will be satisfied if restore_magic was called explicitly, but *not*
     * if it's being called via leave_scope.)
     * The reason for doing this is that otherwise, things like sv_2cv()
     * may leave alloc gunk on the savestack, and some code
     * (e.g. sighandler) doesn't expect that...
     */
    if (PL_savestack_ix == mgs->mgs_ss_ix)
    {
	I32 popval = SSPOPINT;
        assert(popval == SAVEt_DESTRUCTOR_X);
        PL_savestack_ix -= 2;
	popval = SSPOPINT;
        assert(popval == SAVEt_ALLOC);
	popval = SSPOPINT;
        PL_savestack_ix -= popval;
    }

}

static void
S_unwind_handler_stack(pTHX_ const void *p)
{
    dVAR;
    const U32 flags = *(const U32*)p;

    if (flags & 1)
	PL_savestack_ix -= 5; /* Unprotect save in progress. */
#if !defined(PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT)
    if (flags & 64)
	SvREFCNT_dec(PL_sig_sv);
#endif
}

/*
 * Local variables:
 * c-indentation-style: bsd
 * c-basic-offset: 4
 * indent-tabs-mode: t
 * End:
 *
 * ex: set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
 */