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1 | /* $Header: malloc.c,v 4.0 91/03/20 01:28:52 lwall Locked $ |
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2 | * |
3 | * $Log: malloc.c,v $ |
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4 | * Revision 4.0 91/03/20 01:28:52 lwall |
5 | * 4.0 baseline. |
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6 | * |
7 | */ |
8 | |
9 | #ifndef lint |
10 | static char sccsid[] = "@(#)malloc.c 4.3 (Berkeley) 9/16/83"; |
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11 | |
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12 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
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13 | #define RCHECK |
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14 | #endif |
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15 | /* |
16 | * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82 |
17 | * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20. |
18 | * |
19 | * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small |
20 | * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that |
21 | * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this |
22 | * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long. |
23 | * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory, |
24 | * but bombs when it runs out. |
25 | */ |
26 | |
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27 | #include "EXTERN.h" |
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28 | #include "perl.h" |
29 | |
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30 | static findbucket(), morecore(); |
31 | |
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32 | /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */ |
33 | |
34 | #define u_char unsigned char |
35 | #define u_int unsigned int |
36 | #define u_short unsigned short |
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37 | |
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38 | /* |
39 | * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space |
40 | * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must |
41 | * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second |
42 | * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment. |
43 | * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits |
44 | * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block |
45 | * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE. |
46 | */ |
47 | union overhead { |
48 | union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */ |
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49 | #if ALIGNBYTES > 4 |
50 | double strut; /* alignment problems */ |
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51 | #endif |
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52 | struct { |
53 | u_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */ |
54 | u_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */ |
55 | #ifdef RCHECK |
56 | u_short ovu_size; /* actual block size */ |
57 | u_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */ |
58 | #endif |
59 | } ovu; |
60 | #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic |
61 | #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index |
62 | #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size |
63 | #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic |
64 | }; |
65 | |
66 | #define MAGIC 0xff /* magic # on accounting info */ |
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67 | #define OLDMAGIC 0x7f /* same after a free() */ |
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68 | #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */ |
69 | #ifdef RCHECK |
70 | #define RSLOP sizeof (u_int) |
71 | #else |
72 | #define RSLOP 0 |
73 | #endif |
74 | |
75 | /* |
76 | * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The |
77 | * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information |
78 | * precedes the data area returned to the user. |
79 | */ |
80 | #define NBUCKETS 30 |
81 | static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS]; |
82 | extern char *sbrk(); |
83 | |
84 | #ifdef MSTATS |
85 | /* |
86 | * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees |
87 | * for a given block size. |
88 | */ |
89 | static u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS]; |
90 | #include <stdio.h> |
91 | #endif |
92 | |
93 | #ifdef debug |
94 | #define ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) botch("p"); else |
95 | static |
96 | botch(s) |
97 | char *s; |
98 | { |
99 | |
100 | printf("assertion botched: %s\n", s); |
101 | abort(); |
102 | } |
103 | #else |
104 | #define ASSERT(p) |
105 | #endif |
106 | |
107 | char * |
108 | malloc(nbytes) |
109 | register unsigned nbytes; |
110 | { |
111 | register union overhead *p; |
112 | register int bucket = 0; |
113 | register unsigned shiftr; |
114 | |
115 | /* |
116 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
117 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
118 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
119 | * space used per block for accounting. |
120 | */ |
121 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
122 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
123 | shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> 2; |
124 | /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */ |
125 | while (shiftr >>= 1) |
126 | bucket++; |
127 | /* |
128 | * If nothing in hash bucket right now, |
129 | * request more memory from the system. |
130 | */ |
131 | if (nextf[bucket] == NULL) |
132 | morecore(bucket); |
133 | if ((p = (union overhead *)nextf[bucket]) == NULL) |
134 | return (NULL); |
135 | /* remove from linked list */ |
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136 | #ifdef RCHECK |
137 | if (*((int*)p) & (sizeof(union overhead) - 1)) |
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138 | #ifndef I286 |
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139 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x\n",*((int*)p),p); |
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140 | #else |
141 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx\n",*((int*)p),p); |
142 | #endif |
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143 | #endif |
144 | nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next; |
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145 | p->ov_magic = MAGIC; |
146 | p->ov_index= bucket; |
147 | #ifdef MSTATS |
148 | nmalloc[bucket]++; |
149 | #endif |
150 | #ifdef RCHECK |
151 | /* |
152 | * Record allocated size of block and |
153 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
154 | */ |
155 | if (nbytes <= 0x10000) |
156 | p->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
157 | p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC; |
158 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
159 | #endif |
160 | return ((char *)(p + 1)); |
161 | } |
162 | |
163 | /* |
164 | * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket. |
165 | */ |
166 | static |
167 | morecore(bucket) |
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168 | register int bucket; |
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169 | { |
170 | register union overhead *op; |
171 | register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */ |
172 | register int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */ |
173 | register int siz; |
174 | |
175 | if (nextf[bucket]) |
176 | return; |
177 | /* |
178 | * Insure memory is allocated |
179 | * on a page boundary. Should |
180 | * make getpageize call? |
181 | */ |
182 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(0); |
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183 | #ifndef I286 |
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184 | if ((int)op & 0x3ff) |
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185 | (void)sbrk(1024 - ((int)op & 0x3ff)); |
186 | #else |
187 | /* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */ |
188 | #endif |
189 | |
190 | #ifndef I286 |
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191 | /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */ |
192 | rnu = (bucket <= 8) ? 11 : bucket + 3; |
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193 | #else |
194 | /* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that |
195 | (80286s like large segments!) */ |
196 | rnu = (bucket <= 11) ? 14 : bucket + 3; |
197 | #endif |
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198 | nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket + 3)); /* how many blocks to get */ |
199 | if (rnu < bucket) |
200 | rnu = bucket; |
201 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(1 << rnu); |
202 | /* no more room! */ |
203 | if ((int)op == -1) |
204 | return; |
205 | /* |
206 | * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary |
207 | * and deduct from block count to reflect. |
208 | */ |
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209 | #ifndef I286 |
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210 | if ((int)op & 7) { |
211 | op = (union overhead *)(((int)op + 8) &~ 7); |
212 | nblks--; |
213 | } |
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214 | #else |
215 | /* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */ |
216 | #endif |
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217 | /* |
218 | * Add new memory allocated to that on |
219 | * free list for this hash bucket. |
220 | */ |
221 | nextf[bucket] = op; |
222 | siz = 1 << (bucket + 3); |
223 | while (--nblks > 0) { |
224 | op->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
225 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
226 | } |
227 | } |
228 | |
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229 | void |
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230 | free(cp) |
231 | char *cp; |
232 | { |
233 | register int size; |
234 | register union overhead *op; |
235 | |
236 | if (cp == NULL) |
237 | return; |
238 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
239 | #ifdef debug |
240 | ASSERT(op->ov_magic == MAGIC); /* make sure it was in use */ |
241 | #else |
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242 | if (op->ov_magic != MAGIC) { |
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243 | warn("%s free() ignored", |
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244 | op->ov_magic == OLDMAGIC ? "Duplicate" : "Bad"); |
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245 | return; /* sanity */ |
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246 | } |
247 | op->ov_magic = OLDMAGIC; |
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248 | #endif |
249 | #ifdef RCHECK |
250 | ASSERT(op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC); |
251 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) |
252 | ASSERT(*(u_int *)((caddr_t)op + op->ov_size + 1 - RSLOP) == RMAGIC); |
253 | #endif |
254 | ASSERT(op->ov_index < NBUCKETS); |
255 | size = op->ov_index; |
256 | op->ov_next = nextf[size]; |
257 | nextf[size] = op; |
258 | #ifdef MSTATS |
259 | nmalloc[size]--; |
260 | #endif |
261 | } |
262 | |
263 | /* |
264 | * When a program attempts "storage compaction" as mentioned in the |
265 | * old malloc man page, it realloc's an already freed block. Usually |
266 | * this is the last block it freed; occasionally it might be farther |
267 | * back. We have to search all the free lists for the block in order |
268 | * to determine its bucket: 1st we make one pass thru the lists |
269 | * checking only the first block in each; if that fails we search |
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270 | * ``reall_srchlen'' blocks in each list for a match (the variable |
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271 | * is extern so the caller can modify it). If that fails we just copy |
272 | * however many bytes was given to realloc() and hope it's not huge. |
273 | */ |
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274 | int reall_srchlen = 4; /* 4 should be plenty, -1 =>'s whole list */ |
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275 | |
276 | char * |
277 | realloc(cp, nbytes) |
278 | char *cp; |
279 | unsigned nbytes; |
280 | { |
281 | register u_int onb; |
282 | union overhead *op; |
283 | char *res; |
284 | register int i; |
285 | int was_alloced = 0; |
286 | |
287 | if (cp == NULL) |
288 | return (malloc(nbytes)); |
289 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
290 | if (op->ov_magic == MAGIC) { |
291 | was_alloced++; |
292 | i = op->ov_index; |
293 | } else { |
294 | /* |
295 | * Already free, doing "compaction". |
296 | * |
297 | * Search for the old block of memory on the |
298 | * free list. First, check the most common |
299 | * case (last element free'd), then (this failing) |
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300 | * the last ``reall_srchlen'' items free'd. |
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301 | * If all lookups fail, then assume the size of |
302 | * the memory block being realloc'd is the |
303 | * smallest possible. |
304 | */ |
305 | if ((i = findbucket(op, 1)) < 0 && |
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306 | (i = findbucket(op, reall_srchlen)) < 0) |
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307 | i = 0; |
308 | } |
309 | onb = (1 << (i + 3)) - sizeof (*op) - RSLOP; |
310 | /* avoid the copy if same size block */ |
311 | if (was_alloced && |
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312 | nbytes <= onb && nbytes > (onb >> 1) - sizeof(*op) - RSLOP) { |
313 | #ifdef RCHECK |
314 | /* |
315 | * Record new allocated size of block and |
316 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
317 | */ |
318 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) { |
319 | /* |
320 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
321 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
322 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
323 | * space used per block for accounting. |
324 | */ |
325 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
326 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
327 | op->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
328 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)op + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
329 | } |
330 | #endif |
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331 | return(cp); |
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332 | } |
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333 | if ((res = malloc(nbytes)) == NULL) |
334 | return (NULL); |
335 | if (cp != res) /* common optimization */ |
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336 | (void)bcopy(cp, res, (int)((nbytes < onb) ? nbytes : onb)); |
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337 | if (was_alloced) |
338 | free(cp); |
339 | return (res); |
340 | } |
341 | |
342 | /* |
343 | * Search ``srchlen'' elements of each free list for a block whose |
344 | * header starts at ``freep''. If srchlen is -1 search the whole list. |
345 | * Return bucket number, or -1 if not found. |
346 | */ |
347 | static |
348 | findbucket(freep, srchlen) |
349 | union overhead *freep; |
350 | int srchlen; |
351 | { |
352 | register union overhead *p; |
353 | register int i, j; |
354 | |
355 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
356 | j = 0; |
357 | for (p = nextf[i]; p && j != srchlen; p = p->ov_next) { |
358 | if (p == freep) |
359 | return (i); |
360 | j++; |
361 | } |
362 | } |
363 | return (-1); |
364 | } |
365 | |
366 | #ifdef MSTATS |
367 | /* |
368 | * mstats - print out statistics about malloc |
369 | * |
370 | * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list |
371 | * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs - |
372 | * frees for each size category. |
373 | */ |
374 | mstats(s) |
375 | char *s; |
376 | { |
377 | register int i, j; |
378 | register union overhead *p; |
379 | int totfree = 0, |
380 | totused = 0; |
381 | |
382 | fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation statistics %s\nfree:\t", s); |
383 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
384 | for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++) |
385 | ; |
386 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", j); |
387 | totfree += j * (1 << (i + 3)); |
388 | } |
389 | fprintf(stderr, "\nused:\t"); |
390 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
391 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", nmalloc[i]); |
392 | totused += nmalloc[i] * (1 << (i + 3)); |
393 | } |
394 | fprintf(stderr, "\n\tTotal in use: %d, total free: %d\n", |
395 | totused, totfree); |
396 | } |
397 | #endif |
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398 | #endif /* lint */ |