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1 | /* $Header: malloc.c,v 3.0.1.3 90/10/16 15:27:47 lwall Locked $ |
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2 | * |
3 | * $Log: malloc.c,v $ |
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4 | * Revision 3.0.1.3 90/10/16 15:27:47 lwall |
5 | * patch29: various portability fixes |
6 | * |
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7 | * Revision 3.0.1.2 89/11/11 04:36:37 lwall |
8 | * patch2: malloc pointer corruption check made more portable |
9 | * |
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10 | * Revision 3.0.1.1 89/10/26 23:15:05 lwall |
11 | * patch1: some declarations were missing from malloc.c |
12 | * patch1: sparc machines had alignment problems in malloc.c |
13 | * |
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14 | * Revision 3.0 89/10/18 15:20:39 lwall |
15 | * 3.0 baseline |
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16 | * |
17 | */ |
18 | |
19 | #ifndef lint |
20 | static char sccsid[] = "@(#)malloc.c 4.3 (Berkeley) 9/16/83"; |
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21 | |
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22 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
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23 | #define RCHECK |
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24 | #endif |
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25 | /* |
26 | * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82 |
27 | * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20. |
28 | * |
29 | * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small |
30 | * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that |
31 | * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this |
32 | * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long. |
33 | * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory, |
34 | * but bombs when it runs out. |
35 | */ |
36 | |
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37 | #include "EXTERN.h" |
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38 | #include "perl.h" |
39 | |
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40 | static findbucket(), morecore(); |
41 | |
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42 | /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */ |
43 | |
44 | #define u_char unsigned char |
45 | #define u_int unsigned int |
46 | #define u_short unsigned short |
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47 | |
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48 | /* |
49 | * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space |
50 | * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must |
51 | * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second |
52 | * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment. |
53 | * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits |
54 | * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block |
55 | * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE. |
56 | */ |
57 | union overhead { |
58 | union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */ |
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59 | #if defined(mips) || defined(sparc) || defined(luna88k) |
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60 | double strut; /* alignment problems */ |
61 | #endif |
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62 | struct { |
63 | u_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */ |
64 | u_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */ |
65 | #ifdef RCHECK |
66 | u_short ovu_size; /* actual block size */ |
67 | u_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */ |
68 | #endif |
69 | } ovu; |
70 | #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic |
71 | #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index |
72 | #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size |
73 | #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic |
74 | }; |
75 | |
76 | #define MAGIC 0xff /* magic # on accounting info */ |
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77 | #define OLDMAGIC 0x7f /* same after a free() */ |
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78 | #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */ |
79 | #ifdef RCHECK |
80 | #define RSLOP sizeof (u_int) |
81 | #else |
82 | #define RSLOP 0 |
83 | #endif |
84 | |
85 | /* |
86 | * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The |
87 | * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information |
88 | * precedes the data area returned to the user. |
89 | */ |
90 | #define NBUCKETS 30 |
91 | static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS]; |
92 | extern char *sbrk(); |
93 | |
94 | #ifdef MSTATS |
95 | /* |
96 | * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees |
97 | * for a given block size. |
98 | */ |
99 | static u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS]; |
100 | #include <stdio.h> |
101 | #endif |
102 | |
103 | #ifdef debug |
104 | #define ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) botch("p"); else |
105 | static |
106 | botch(s) |
107 | char *s; |
108 | { |
109 | |
110 | printf("assertion botched: %s\n", s); |
111 | abort(); |
112 | } |
113 | #else |
114 | #define ASSERT(p) |
115 | #endif |
116 | |
117 | char * |
118 | malloc(nbytes) |
119 | register unsigned nbytes; |
120 | { |
121 | register union overhead *p; |
122 | register int bucket = 0; |
123 | register unsigned shiftr; |
124 | |
125 | /* |
126 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
127 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
128 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
129 | * space used per block for accounting. |
130 | */ |
131 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
132 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
133 | shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> 2; |
134 | /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */ |
135 | while (shiftr >>= 1) |
136 | bucket++; |
137 | /* |
138 | * If nothing in hash bucket right now, |
139 | * request more memory from the system. |
140 | */ |
141 | if (nextf[bucket] == NULL) |
142 | morecore(bucket); |
143 | if ((p = (union overhead *)nextf[bucket]) == NULL) |
144 | return (NULL); |
145 | /* remove from linked list */ |
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146 | #ifdef RCHECK |
147 | if (*((int*)p) & (sizeof(union overhead) - 1)) |
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148 | #ifndef I286 |
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149 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x\n",*((int*)p),p); |
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150 | #else |
151 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx\n",*((int*)p),p); |
152 | #endif |
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153 | #endif |
154 | nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next; |
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155 | p->ov_magic = MAGIC; |
156 | p->ov_index= bucket; |
157 | #ifdef MSTATS |
158 | nmalloc[bucket]++; |
159 | #endif |
160 | #ifdef RCHECK |
161 | /* |
162 | * Record allocated size of block and |
163 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
164 | */ |
165 | if (nbytes <= 0x10000) |
166 | p->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
167 | p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC; |
168 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
169 | #endif |
170 | return ((char *)(p + 1)); |
171 | } |
172 | |
173 | /* |
174 | * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket. |
175 | */ |
176 | static |
177 | morecore(bucket) |
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178 | register int bucket; |
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179 | { |
180 | register union overhead *op; |
181 | register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */ |
182 | register int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */ |
183 | register int siz; |
184 | |
185 | if (nextf[bucket]) |
186 | return; |
187 | /* |
188 | * Insure memory is allocated |
189 | * on a page boundary. Should |
190 | * make getpageize call? |
191 | */ |
192 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(0); |
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193 | #ifndef I286 |
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194 | if ((int)op & 0x3ff) |
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195 | (void)sbrk(1024 - ((int)op & 0x3ff)); |
196 | #else |
197 | /* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */ |
198 | #endif |
199 | |
200 | #ifndef I286 |
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201 | /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */ |
202 | rnu = (bucket <= 8) ? 11 : bucket + 3; |
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203 | #else |
204 | /* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that |
205 | (80286s like large segments!) */ |
206 | rnu = (bucket <= 11) ? 14 : bucket + 3; |
207 | #endif |
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208 | nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket + 3)); /* how many blocks to get */ |
209 | if (rnu < bucket) |
210 | rnu = bucket; |
211 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(1 << rnu); |
212 | /* no more room! */ |
213 | if ((int)op == -1) |
214 | return; |
215 | /* |
216 | * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary |
217 | * and deduct from block count to reflect. |
218 | */ |
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219 | #ifndef I286 |
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220 | if ((int)op & 7) { |
221 | op = (union overhead *)(((int)op + 8) &~ 7); |
222 | nblks--; |
223 | } |
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224 | #else |
225 | /* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */ |
226 | #endif |
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227 | /* |
228 | * Add new memory allocated to that on |
229 | * free list for this hash bucket. |
230 | */ |
231 | nextf[bucket] = op; |
232 | siz = 1 << (bucket + 3); |
233 | while (--nblks > 0) { |
234 | op->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
235 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
236 | } |
237 | } |
238 | |
239 | free(cp) |
240 | char *cp; |
241 | { |
242 | register int size; |
243 | register union overhead *op; |
244 | |
245 | if (cp == NULL) |
246 | return; |
247 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
248 | #ifdef debug |
249 | ASSERT(op->ov_magic == MAGIC); /* make sure it was in use */ |
250 | #else |
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251 | if (op->ov_magic != MAGIC) { |
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252 | warn("%s free() ignored", |
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253 | op->ov_magic == OLDMAGIC ? "Duplicate" : "Bad"); |
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254 | return; /* sanity */ |
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255 | } |
256 | op->ov_magic = OLDMAGIC; |
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257 | #endif |
258 | #ifdef RCHECK |
259 | ASSERT(op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC); |
260 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) |
261 | ASSERT(*(u_int *)((caddr_t)op + op->ov_size + 1 - RSLOP) == RMAGIC); |
262 | #endif |
263 | ASSERT(op->ov_index < NBUCKETS); |
264 | size = op->ov_index; |
265 | op->ov_next = nextf[size]; |
266 | nextf[size] = op; |
267 | #ifdef MSTATS |
268 | nmalloc[size]--; |
269 | #endif |
270 | } |
271 | |
272 | /* |
273 | * When a program attempts "storage compaction" as mentioned in the |
274 | * old malloc man page, it realloc's an already freed block. Usually |
275 | * this is the last block it freed; occasionally it might be farther |
276 | * back. We have to search all the free lists for the block in order |
277 | * to determine its bucket: 1st we make one pass thru the lists |
278 | * checking only the first block in each; if that fails we search |
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279 | * ``reall_srchlen'' blocks in each list for a match (the variable |
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280 | * is extern so the caller can modify it). If that fails we just copy |
281 | * however many bytes was given to realloc() and hope it's not huge. |
282 | */ |
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283 | int reall_srchlen = 4; /* 4 should be plenty, -1 =>'s whole list */ |
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284 | |
285 | char * |
286 | realloc(cp, nbytes) |
287 | char *cp; |
288 | unsigned nbytes; |
289 | { |
290 | register u_int onb; |
291 | union overhead *op; |
292 | char *res; |
293 | register int i; |
294 | int was_alloced = 0; |
295 | |
296 | if (cp == NULL) |
297 | return (malloc(nbytes)); |
298 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
299 | if (op->ov_magic == MAGIC) { |
300 | was_alloced++; |
301 | i = op->ov_index; |
302 | } else { |
303 | /* |
304 | * Already free, doing "compaction". |
305 | * |
306 | * Search for the old block of memory on the |
307 | * free list. First, check the most common |
308 | * case (last element free'd), then (this failing) |
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309 | * the last ``reall_srchlen'' items free'd. |
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310 | * If all lookups fail, then assume the size of |
311 | * the memory block being realloc'd is the |
312 | * smallest possible. |
313 | */ |
314 | if ((i = findbucket(op, 1)) < 0 && |
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315 | (i = findbucket(op, reall_srchlen)) < 0) |
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316 | i = 0; |
317 | } |
318 | onb = (1 << (i + 3)) - sizeof (*op) - RSLOP; |
319 | /* avoid the copy if same size block */ |
320 | if (was_alloced && |
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321 | nbytes <= onb && nbytes > (onb >> 1) - sizeof(*op) - RSLOP) { |
322 | #ifdef RCHECK |
323 | /* |
324 | * Record new allocated size of block and |
325 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
326 | */ |
327 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) { |
328 | /* |
329 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
330 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
331 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
332 | * space used per block for accounting. |
333 | */ |
334 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
335 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
336 | op->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
337 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)op + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
338 | } |
339 | #endif |
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340 | return(cp); |
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341 | } |
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342 | if ((res = malloc(nbytes)) == NULL) |
343 | return (NULL); |
344 | if (cp != res) /* common optimization */ |
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345 | (void)bcopy(cp, res, (int)((nbytes < onb) ? nbytes : onb)); |
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346 | if (was_alloced) |
347 | free(cp); |
348 | return (res); |
349 | } |
350 | |
351 | /* |
352 | * Search ``srchlen'' elements of each free list for a block whose |
353 | * header starts at ``freep''. If srchlen is -1 search the whole list. |
354 | * Return bucket number, or -1 if not found. |
355 | */ |
356 | static |
357 | findbucket(freep, srchlen) |
358 | union overhead *freep; |
359 | int srchlen; |
360 | { |
361 | register union overhead *p; |
362 | register int i, j; |
363 | |
364 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
365 | j = 0; |
366 | for (p = nextf[i]; p && j != srchlen; p = p->ov_next) { |
367 | if (p == freep) |
368 | return (i); |
369 | j++; |
370 | } |
371 | } |
372 | return (-1); |
373 | } |
374 | |
375 | #ifdef MSTATS |
376 | /* |
377 | * mstats - print out statistics about malloc |
378 | * |
379 | * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list |
380 | * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs - |
381 | * frees for each size category. |
382 | */ |
383 | mstats(s) |
384 | char *s; |
385 | { |
386 | register int i, j; |
387 | register union overhead *p; |
388 | int totfree = 0, |
389 | totused = 0; |
390 | |
391 | fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation statistics %s\nfree:\t", s); |
392 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
393 | for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++) |
394 | ; |
395 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", j); |
396 | totfree += j * (1 << (i + 3)); |
397 | } |
398 | fprintf(stderr, "\nused:\t"); |
399 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
400 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", nmalloc[i]); |
401 | totused += nmalloc[i] * (1 << (i + 3)); |
402 | } |
403 | fprintf(stderr, "\n\tTotal in use: %d, total free: %d\n", |
404 | totused, totfree); |
405 | } |
406 | #endif |
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407 | #endif /* lint */ |