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1 | /* $RCSfile: malloc.c,v $$Revision: 4.1 $$Date: 92/08/07 18:24:25 $ |
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2 | * |
3 | * $Log: malloc.c,v $ |
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4 | * Revision 4.1 92/08/07 18:24:25 lwall |
5 | * |
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6 | * Revision 4.0.1.4 92/06/08 14:28:38 lwall |
7 | * patch20: removed implicit int declarations on functions |
8 | * patch20: hash tables now split only if the memory is available to do so |
9 | * patch20: realloc(0, size) now does malloc in case library routines call it |
10 | * |
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11 | * Revision 4.0.1.3 91/11/05 17:57:40 lwall |
12 | * patch11: safe malloc code now integrated into Perl's malloc when possible |
13 | * |
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14 | * Revision 4.0.1.2 91/06/07 11:20:45 lwall |
15 | * patch4: many, many itty-bitty portability fixes |
16 | * |
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17 | * Revision 4.0.1.1 91/04/11 17:48:31 lwall |
18 | * patch1: Configure now figures out malloc ptr type |
19 | * |
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20 | * Revision 4.0 91/03/20 01:28:52 lwall |
21 | * 4.0 baseline. |
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22 | * |
23 | */ |
24 | |
25 | #ifndef lint |
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26 | /*SUPPRESS 592*/ |
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27 | static char sccsid[] = "@(#)malloc.c 4.3 (Berkeley) 9/16/83"; |
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28 | |
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29 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
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30 | #define RCHECK |
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31 | #endif |
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32 | /* |
33 | * malloc.c (Caltech) 2/21/82 |
34 | * Chris Kingsley, kingsley@cit-20. |
35 | * |
36 | * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a small |
37 | * number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size. Blocks that |
38 | * don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size. In this |
39 | * implementation, the available sizes are 2^n-4 (or 2^n-12) bytes long. |
40 | * This is designed for use in a program that uses vast quantities of memory, |
41 | * but bombs when it runs out. |
42 | */ |
43 | |
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44 | #include "EXTERN.h" |
135863df |
45 | #include "perl.h" |
46 | |
79072805 |
47 | static int findbucket(); |
48 | static int morecore(); |
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49 | |
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50 | /* I don't much care whether these are defined in sys/types.h--LAW */ |
51 | |
52 | #define u_char unsigned char |
53 | #define u_int unsigned int |
54 | #define u_short unsigned short |
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55 | |
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56 | /* |
57 | * The overhead on a block is at least 4 bytes. When free, this space |
58 | * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must |
59 | * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second |
60 | * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment. |
61 | * If range checking is enabled and the size of the block fits |
62 | * in two bytes, then the top two bytes hold the size of the requested block |
63 | * plus the range checking words, and the header word MINUS ONE. |
64 | */ |
65 | union overhead { |
66 | union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */ |
c623bd54 |
67 | #if ALIGNBYTES > 4 |
68 | double strut; /* alignment problems */ |
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69 | #endif |
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70 | struct { |
71 | u_char ovu_magic; /* magic number */ |
72 | u_char ovu_index; /* bucket # */ |
73 | #ifdef RCHECK |
74 | u_short ovu_size; /* actual block size */ |
75 | u_int ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */ |
76 | #endif |
77 | } ovu; |
78 | #define ov_magic ovu.ovu_magic |
79 | #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index |
80 | #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size |
81 | #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic |
82 | }; |
83 | |
84 | #define MAGIC 0xff /* magic # on accounting info */ |
85 | #define RMAGIC 0x55555555 /* magic # on range info */ |
86 | #ifdef RCHECK |
87 | #define RSLOP sizeof (u_int) |
88 | #else |
89 | #define RSLOP 0 |
90 | #endif |
91 | |
92 | /* |
93 | * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The |
94 | * smallest allocatable block is 8 bytes. The overhead information |
95 | * precedes the data area returned to the user. |
96 | */ |
97 | #define NBUCKETS 30 |
98 | static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS]; |
99 | extern char *sbrk(); |
100 | |
101 | #ifdef MSTATS |
102 | /* |
103 | * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees |
104 | * for a given block size. |
105 | */ |
106 | static u_int nmalloc[NBUCKETS]; |
107 | #include <stdio.h> |
108 | #endif |
109 | |
110 | #ifdef debug |
111 | #define ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) botch("p"); else |
ee0007ab |
112 | static void |
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113 | botch(s) |
114 | char *s; |
115 | { |
116 | |
117 | printf("assertion botched: %s\n", s); |
118 | abort(); |
119 | } |
120 | #else |
121 | #define ASSERT(p) |
122 | #endif |
123 | |
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124 | Malloc_t |
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125 | malloc(nbytes) |
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126 | register MEM_SIZE nbytes; |
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127 | { |
128 | register union overhead *p; |
129 | register int bucket = 0; |
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130 | register MEM_SIZE shiftr; |
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131 | |
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132 | #ifdef safemalloc |
133 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
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134 | MEM_SIZE size = nbytes; |
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135 | #endif |
136 | |
137 | #ifdef MSDOS |
138 | if (nbytes > 0xffff) { |
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139 | fprintf(stderr, "Allocation too large: %lx\n", (long)nbytes); |
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140 | my_exit(1); |
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141 | } |
142 | #endif /* MSDOS */ |
143 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
144 | if ((long)nbytes < 0) |
463ee0b2 |
145 | croak("panic: malloc"); |
45d8adaa |
146 | #endif |
147 | #endif /* safemalloc */ |
148 | |
8d063cd8 |
149 | /* |
150 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
151 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
152 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
153 | * space used per block for accounting. |
154 | */ |
155 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
156 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
157 | shiftr = (nbytes - 1) >> 2; |
158 | /* apart from this loop, this is O(1) */ |
159 | while (shiftr >>= 1) |
160 | bucket++; |
161 | /* |
162 | * If nothing in hash bucket right now, |
163 | * request more memory from the system. |
164 | */ |
165 | if (nextf[bucket] == NULL) |
166 | morecore(bucket); |
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167 | if ((p = (union overhead *)nextf[bucket]) == NULL) { |
168 | #ifdef safemalloc |
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169 | if (!nomemok) { |
170 | fputs("Out of memory!\n", stderr); |
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171 | my_exit(1); |
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172 | } |
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173 | #else |
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174 | return (NULL); |
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175 | #endif |
176 | } |
177 | |
178 | #ifdef safemalloc |
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179 | #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) |
180 | DEBUG_m(fprintf(stderr,"0x%x: (%05d) malloc %ld bytes\n",p+1,an++,(long)size)); |
181 | #else |
182 | DEBUG_m(fprintf(stderr,"0x%lx: (%05d) malloc %ld bytes\n",p+1,an++,(long)size)); |
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183 | #endif |
184 | #endif /* safemalloc */ |
185 | |
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186 | /* remove from linked list */ |
bf38876a |
187 | #ifdef RCHECK |
188 | if (*((int*)p) & (sizeof(union overhead) - 1)) |
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189 | #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) |
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190 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x\n",*((int*)p),p); |
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191 | #else |
192 | fprintf(stderr,"Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx\n",*((int*)p),p); |
193 | #endif |
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194 | #endif |
195 | nextf[bucket] = p->ov_next; |
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196 | p->ov_magic = MAGIC; |
197 | p->ov_index= bucket; |
198 | #ifdef MSTATS |
199 | nmalloc[bucket]++; |
200 | #endif |
201 | #ifdef RCHECK |
202 | /* |
203 | * Record allocated size of block and |
204 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
205 | */ |
206 | if (nbytes <= 0x10000) |
207 | p->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
208 | p->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC; |
209 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)p + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
210 | #endif |
2304df62 |
211 | return ((Malloc_t)(p + 1)); |
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212 | } |
213 | |
214 | /* |
215 | * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket. |
216 | */ |
217 | static |
218 | morecore(bucket) |
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219 | register int bucket; |
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220 | { |
221 | register union overhead *op; |
222 | register int rnu; /* 2^rnu bytes will be requested */ |
223 | register int nblks; /* become nblks blocks of the desired size */ |
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224 | register MEM_SIZE siz; |
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225 | |
226 | if (nextf[bucket]) |
227 | return; |
228 | /* |
229 | * Insure memory is allocated |
230 | * on a page boundary. Should |
231 | * make getpageize call? |
232 | */ |
ee0007ab |
233 | #ifndef atarist /* on the atari we dont have to worry about this */ |
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234 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(0); |
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235 | #ifndef I286 |
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236 | if ((int)op & 0x3ff) |
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237 | (void)sbrk(1024 - ((int)op & 0x3ff)); |
238 | #else |
239 | /* The sbrk(0) call on the I286 always returns the next segment */ |
240 | #endif |
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241 | #endif /* atarist */ |
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242 | |
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243 | #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) |
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244 | /* take 2k unless the block is bigger than that */ |
245 | rnu = (bucket <= 8) ? 11 : bucket + 3; |
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246 | #else |
247 | /* take 16k unless the block is bigger than that |
ee0007ab |
248 | (80286s like large segments!), probably good on the atari too */ |
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249 | rnu = (bucket <= 11) ? 14 : bucket + 3; |
250 | #endif |
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251 | nblks = 1 << (rnu - (bucket + 3)); /* how many blocks to get */ |
252 | if (rnu < bucket) |
253 | rnu = bucket; |
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254 | op = (union overhead *)sbrk(1L << rnu); |
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255 | /* no more room! */ |
256 | if ((int)op == -1) |
257 | return; |
258 | /* |
259 | * Round up to minimum allocation size boundary |
260 | * and deduct from block count to reflect. |
261 | */ |
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262 | #ifndef I286 |
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263 | if ((int)op & 7) { |
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264 | op = (union overhead *)(((MEM_SIZE)op + 8) &~ 7); |
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265 | nblks--; |
266 | } |
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267 | #else |
268 | /* Again, this should always be ok on an 80286 */ |
269 | #endif |
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270 | /* |
271 | * Add new memory allocated to that on |
272 | * free list for this hash bucket. |
273 | */ |
274 | nextf[bucket] = op; |
275 | siz = 1 << (bucket + 3); |
276 | while (--nblks > 0) { |
277 | op->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
278 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + siz); |
279 | } |
280 | } |
281 | |
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282 | void |
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283 | free(mp) |
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284 | Malloc_t mp; |
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285 | { |
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286 | register MEM_SIZE size; |
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287 | register union overhead *op; |
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288 | char *cp = (char*)mp; |
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289 | |
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290 | #ifdef safemalloc |
79072805 |
291 | #if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) |
292 | DEBUG_m(fprintf(stderr,"0x%x: (%05d) free\n",cp,an++)); |
293 | #else |
294 | DEBUG_m(fprintf(stderr,"0x%lx: (%05d) free\n",cp,an++)); |
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295 | #endif |
296 | #endif /* safemalloc */ |
297 | |
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298 | if (cp == NULL) |
299 | return; |
300 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
301 | #ifdef debug |
302 | ASSERT(op->ov_magic == MAGIC); /* make sure it was in use */ |
303 | #else |
378cc40b |
304 | if (op->ov_magic != MAGIC) { |
8990e307 |
305 | #ifdef RCHECK |
a687059c |
306 | warn("%s free() ignored", |
8990e307 |
307 | op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC - 1 ? "Duplicate" : "Bad"); |
308 | #else |
309 | warn("Bad free() ignored"); |
310 | #endif |
8d063cd8 |
311 | return; /* sanity */ |
378cc40b |
312 | } |
8d063cd8 |
313 | #endif |
314 | #ifdef RCHECK |
315 | ASSERT(op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC); |
316 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) |
317 | ASSERT(*(u_int *)((caddr_t)op + op->ov_size + 1 - RSLOP) == RMAGIC); |
8990e307 |
318 | op->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC - 1; |
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319 | #endif |
320 | ASSERT(op->ov_index < NBUCKETS); |
321 | size = op->ov_index; |
322 | op->ov_next = nextf[size]; |
323 | nextf[size] = op; |
324 | #ifdef MSTATS |
325 | nmalloc[size]--; |
326 | #endif |
327 | } |
328 | |
329 | /* |
330 | * When a program attempts "storage compaction" as mentioned in the |
331 | * old malloc man page, it realloc's an already freed block. Usually |
332 | * this is the last block it freed; occasionally it might be farther |
333 | * back. We have to search all the free lists for the block in order |
334 | * to determine its bucket: 1st we make one pass thru the lists |
335 | * checking only the first block in each; if that fails we search |
378cc40b |
336 | * ``reall_srchlen'' blocks in each list for a match (the variable |
8d063cd8 |
337 | * is extern so the caller can modify it). If that fails we just copy |
338 | * however many bytes was given to realloc() and hope it's not huge. |
339 | */ |
378cc40b |
340 | int reall_srchlen = 4; /* 4 should be plenty, -1 =>'s whole list */ |
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341 | |
2304df62 |
342 | Malloc_t |
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343 | realloc(mp, nbytes) |
2304df62 |
344 | Malloc_t mp; |
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345 | MEM_SIZE nbytes; |
8d063cd8 |
346 | { |
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347 | register MEM_SIZE onb; |
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348 | union overhead *op; |
349 | char *res; |
350 | register int i; |
351 | int was_alloced = 0; |
352d5a3a |
352 | char *cp = (char*)mp; |
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353 | |
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354 | #ifdef safemalloc |
355 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
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356 | MEM_SIZE size = nbytes; |
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357 | #endif |
358 | |
359 | #ifdef MSDOS |
360 | if (nbytes > 0xffff) { |
361 | fprintf(stderr, "Reallocation too large: %lx\n", size); |
79072805 |
362 | my_exit(1); |
45d8adaa |
363 | } |
364 | #endif /* MSDOS */ |
365 | if (!cp) |
ee0007ab |
366 | return malloc(nbytes); |
45d8adaa |
367 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
368 | if ((long)nbytes < 0) |
463ee0b2 |
369 | croak("panic: realloc"); |
45d8adaa |
370 | #endif |
371 | #endif /* safemalloc */ |
372 | |
8d063cd8 |
373 | op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead)); |
374 | if (op->ov_magic == MAGIC) { |
375 | was_alloced++; |
376 | i = op->ov_index; |
377 | } else { |
378 | /* |
379 | * Already free, doing "compaction". |
380 | * |
381 | * Search for the old block of memory on the |
382 | * free list. First, check the most common |
383 | * case (last element free'd), then (this failing) |
378cc40b |
384 | * the last ``reall_srchlen'' items free'd. |
8d063cd8 |
385 | * If all lookups fail, then assume the size of |
386 | * the memory block being realloc'd is the |
387 | * smallest possible. |
388 | */ |
389 | if ((i = findbucket(op, 1)) < 0 && |
378cc40b |
390 | (i = findbucket(op, reall_srchlen)) < 0) |
8d063cd8 |
391 | i = 0; |
392 | } |
ee0007ab |
393 | onb = (1L << (i + 3)) - sizeof (*op) - RSLOP; |
8d063cd8 |
394 | /* avoid the copy if same size block */ |
395 | if (was_alloced && |
a687059c |
396 | nbytes <= onb && nbytes > (onb >> 1) - sizeof(*op) - RSLOP) { |
397 | #ifdef RCHECK |
398 | /* |
399 | * Record new allocated size of block and |
400 | * bound space with magic numbers. |
401 | */ |
402 | if (op->ov_index <= 13) { |
403 | /* |
404 | * Convert amount of memory requested into |
405 | * closest block size stored in hash buckets |
406 | * which satisfies request. Account for |
407 | * space used per block for accounting. |
408 | */ |
409 | nbytes += sizeof (union overhead) + RSLOP; |
410 | nbytes = (nbytes + 3) &~ 3; |
411 | op->ov_size = nbytes - 1; |
412 | *((u_int *)((caddr_t)op + nbytes - RSLOP)) = RMAGIC; |
413 | } |
414 | #endif |
45d8adaa |
415 | res = cp; |
a687059c |
416 | } |
45d8adaa |
417 | else { |
418 | if ((res = (char*)malloc(nbytes)) == NULL) |
419 | return (NULL); |
420 | if (cp != res) /* common optimization */ |
ee0007ab |
421 | Copy(cp, res, (MEM_SIZE)(nbytes<onb?nbytes:onb), char); |
45d8adaa |
422 | if (was_alloced) |
423 | free(cp); |
424 | } |
425 | |
426 | #ifdef safemalloc |
427 | #ifdef DEBUGGING |
ee0007ab |
428 | # if !(defined(I286) || defined(atarist)) |
45d8adaa |
429 | if (debug & 128) { |
430 | fprintf(stderr,"0x%x: (%05d) rfree\n",res,an++); |
ee0007ab |
431 | fprintf(stderr,"0x%x: (%05d) realloc %ld bytes\n",res,an++,(long)size); |
45d8adaa |
432 | } |
433 | # else |
434 | if (debug & 128) { |
435 | fprintf(stderr,"0x%lx: (%05d) rfree\n",res,an++); |
ee0007ab |
436 | fprintf(stderr,"0x%lx: (%05d) realloc %ld bytes\n",res,an++,(long)size); |
45d8adaa |
437 | } |
438 | # endif |
439 | #endif |
440 | #endif /* safemalloc */ |
2304df62 |
441 | return ((Malloc_t)res); |
8d063cd8 |
442 | } |
443 | |
444 | /* |
445 | * Search ``srchlen'' elements of each free list for a block whose |
446 | * header starts at ``freep''. If srchlen is -1 search the whole list. |
447 | * Return bucket number, or -1 if not found. |
448 | */ |
ee0007ab |
449 | static int |
8d063cd8 |
450 | findbucket(freep, srchlen) |
451 | union overhead *freep; |
452 | int srchlen; |
453 | { |
454 | register union overhead *p; |
455 | register int i, j; |
456 | |
457 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
458 | j = 0; |
459 | for (p = nextf[i]; p && j != srchlen; p = p->ov_next) { |
460 | if (p == freep) |
461 | return (i); |
462 | j++; |
463 | } |
464 | } |
465 | return (-1); |
466 | } |
467 | |
468 | #ifdef MSTATS |
469 | /* |
470 | * mstats - print out statistics about malloc |
471 | * |
472 | * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the free list |
473 | * for each size category, the second showing the number of mallocs - |
474 | * frees for each size category. |
475 | */ |
ee0007ab |
476 | void |
8d063cd8 |
477 | mstats(s) |
478 | char *s; |
479 | { |
480 | register int i, j; |
481 | register union overhead *p; |
482 | int totfree = 0, |
483 | totused = 0; |
484 | |
485 | fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation statistics %s\nfree:\t", s); |
486 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
487 | for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++) |
488 | ; |
489 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", j); |
490 | totfree += j * (1 << (i + 3)); |
491 | } |
492 | fprintf(stderr, "\nused:\t"); |
493 | for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) { |
494 | fprintf(stderr, " %d", nmalloc[i]); |
495 | totused += nmalloc[i] * (1 << (i + 3)); |
496 | } |
497 | fprintf(stderr, "\n\tTotal in use: %d, total free: %d\n", |
498 | totused, totfree); |
499 | } |
500 | #endif |
a687059c |
501 | #endif /* lint */ |