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1 | package bignum; |
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2 | use 5.006002; |
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3 | |
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4 | $VERSION = '0.22'; |
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5 | use Exporter; |
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6 | @ISA = qw( bigint ); |
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7 | @EXPORT_OK = qw( ); |
8 | @EXPORT = qw( inf NaN ); |
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9 | |
10 | use strict; |
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11 | use overload; |
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12 | require bigint; # no "use" to avoid import being called |
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13 | |
14 | ############################################################################## |
15 | |
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16 | BEGIN |
17 | { |
18 | *inf = \&bigint::inf; |
19 | *NaN = \&bigint::NaN; |
20 | } |
21 | |
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22 | # These are all alike, and thus faked by AUTOLOAD |
23 | |
24 | my @faked = qw/round_mode accuracy precision div_scale/; |
25 | use vars qw/$VERSION $AUTOLOAD $_lite/; # _lite for testsuite |
26 | |
27 | sub AUTOLOAD |
28 | { |
29 | my $name = $AUTOLOAD; |
30 | |
31 | $name =~ s/.*:://; # split package |
32 | no strict 'refs'; |
33 | foreach my $n (@faked) |
34 | { |
35 | if ($n eq $name) |
36 | { |
37 | *{"bignum::$name"} = sub |
38 | { |
39 | my $self = shift; |
40 | no strict 'refs'; |
41 | if (defined $_[0]) |
42 | { |
43 | Math::BigInt->$name($_[0]); |
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44 | return Math::BigFloat->$name($_[0]); |
126f3c5f |
45 | } |
46 | return Math::BigInt->$name(); |
47 | }; |
48 | return &$name; |
49 | } |
50 | } |
51 | |
52 | # delayed load of Carp and avoid recursion |
53 | require Carp; |
54 | Carp::croak ("Can't call bignum\-\>$name, not a valid method"); |
55 | } |
56 | |
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57 | sub unimport |
58 | { |
59 | $^H{bignum} = undef; # no longer in effect |
60 | overload::remove_constant('binary','','float','','integer'); |
61 | } |
62 | |
63 | sub in_effect |
64 | { |
65 | my $level = shift || 0; |
66 | my $hinthash = (caller($level))[10]; |
67 | $hinthash->{bignum}; |
68 | } |
69 | |
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70 | ############################################################################# |
71 | # the following two routines are for Perl 5.9.4 or later and are lexical |
72 | |
73 | sub _hex |
74 | { |
75 | return CORE::hex($_[0]) unless in_effect(1); |
76 | my $i = $_[0]; |
77 | $i = '0x'.$i unless $i =~ /^0x/; |
78 | Math::BigInt->new($i); |
79 | } |
80 | |
81 | sub _oct |
82 | { |
83 | return CORE::oct($_[0]) unless in_effect(1); |
84 | my $i = $_[0]; |
85 | return Math::BigInt->from_oct($i) if $i =~ /^0[0-7]/; |
86 | Math::BigInt->new($i); |
87 | } |
88 | |
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89 | sub import |
90 | { |
91 | my $self = shift; |
92 | |
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93 | $^H{bignum} = 1; # we are in effect |
94 | |
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95 | # for newer Perls override hex() and oct() with a lexical version: |
96 | if ($] > 5.009003) |
97 | { |
98 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
99 | *CORE::GLOBAL::oct = \&_oct; |
100 | *CORE::GLOBAL::hex = \&_hex; |
101 | } |
102 | |
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103 | # some defaults |
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104 | my $lib = ''; my $lib_kind = 'try'; |
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105 | my $upgrade = 'Math::BigFloat'; |
106 | my $downgrade = 'Math::BigInt'; |
107 | |
108 | my @import = ( ':constant' ); # drive it w/ constant |
109 | my @a = @_; my $l = scalar @_; my $j = 0; |
110 | my ($ver,$trace); # version? trace? |
111 | my ($a,$p); # accuracy, precision |
112 | for ( my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++,$j++ ) |
113 | { |
114 | if ($_[$i] eq 'upgrade') |
115 | { |
116 | # this causes upgrading |
117 | $upgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable |
118 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
119 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
120 | } |
121 | elsif ($_[$i] eq 'downgrade') |
122 | { |
123 | # this causes downgrading |
124 | $downgrade = $_[$i+1]; # or undef to disable |
125 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
126 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
127 | } |
bd49aa09 |
128 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(l|lib|try|only)$/) |
126f3c5f |
129 | { |
130 | # this causes a different low lib to take care... |
bd49aa09 |
131 | $lib_kind = $1; $lib_kind = 'lib' if $lib_kind eq 'l'; |
126f3c5f |
132 | $lib = $_[$i+1] || ''; |
133 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
134 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
135 | } |
136 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(a|accuracy)$/) |
137 | { |
138 | $a = $_[$i+1]; |
139 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
140 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
141 | } |
142 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(p|precision)$/) |
143 | { |
144 | $p = $_[$i+1]; |
145 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
146 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
147 | } |
148 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(v|version)$/) |
149 | { |
150 | $ver = 1; |
151 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
152 | } |
153 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(t|trace)$/) |
154 | { |
155 | $trace = 1; |
156 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
157 | } |
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158 | elsif ($_[$i] eq 'hex') |
159 | { |
160 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
161 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
162 | # override with a global version |
163 | *CORE::GLOBAL::hex = \&bigint::_hex_global; |
164 | } |
165 | elsif ($_[$i] eq 'oct') |
166 | { |
167 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
168 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
169 | # override with a global version |
170 | *CORE::GLOBAL::oct = \&bigint::_oct_global; |
171 | } |
126f3c5f |
172 | else { die "unknown option $_[$i]"; } |
173 | } |
174 | my $class; |
175 | $_lite = 0; # using M::BI::L ? |
176 | if ($trace) |
177 | { |
178 | require Math::BigInt::Trace; $class = 'Math::BigInt::Trace'; |
179 | $upgrade = 'Math::BigFloat::Trace'; |
126f3c5f |
180 | } |
181 | else |
182 | { |
183 | # see if we can find Math::BigInt::Lite |
184 | if (!defined $a && !defined $p) # rounding won't work to well |
185 | { |
186 | eval 'require Math::BigInt::Lite;'; |
187 | if ($@ eq '') |
188 | { |
189 | @import = ( ); # :constant in Lite, not MBI |
190 | Math::BigInt::Lite->import( ':constant' ); |
191 | $_lite= 1; # signal okay |
192 | } |
193 | } |
194 | require Math::BigInt if $_lite == 0; # not already loaded? |
195 | $class = 'Math::BigInt'; # regardless of MBIL or not |
233f7bc0 |
196 | } |
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197 | push @import, $lib_kind => $lib if $lib ne ''; |
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198 | # Math::BigInt::Trace or plain Math::BigInt |
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199 | $class->import(@import, upgrade => $upgrade); |
126f3c5f |
200 | |
201 | if ($trace) |
202 | { |
203 | require Math::BigFloat::Trace; $class = 'Math::BigFloat::Trace'; |
204 | $downgrade = 'Math::BigInt::Trace'; |
126f3c5f |
205 | } |
206 | else |
207 | { |
208 | require Math::BigFloat; $class = 'Math::BigFloat'; |
209 | } |
210 | $class->import(':constant','downgrade',$downgrade); |
211 | |
212 | bignum->accuracy($a) if defined $a; |
213 | bignum->precision($p) if defined $p; |
214 | if ($ver) |
215 | { |
216 | print "bignum\t\t\t v$VERSION\n"; |
217 | print "Math::BigInt::Lite\t v$Math::BigInt::Lite::VERSION\n" if $_lite; |
218 | print "Math::BigInt\t\t v$Math::BigInt::VERSION"; |
219 | my $config = Math::BigInt->config(); |
220 | print " lib => $config->{lib} v$config->{lib_version}\n"; |
221 | print "Math::BigFloat\t\t v$Math::BigFloat::VERSION\n"; |
222 | exit; |
223 | } |
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224 | |
225 | # Take care of octal/hexadecimal constants |
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226 | overload::constant binary => sub { bigint::_binary_constant(shift) }; |
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227 | |
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228 | # if another big* was already loaded: |
229 | my ($package) = caller(); |
230 | |
231 | no strict 'refs'; |
232 | if (!defined *{"${package}::inf"}) |
233 | { |
234 | $self->export_to_level(1,$self,@a); # export inf and NaN |
235 | } |
126f3c5f |
236 | } |
237 | |
238 | 1; |
239 | |
240 | __END__ |
241 | |
242 | =head1 NAME |
243 | |
244 | bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl |
245 | |
246 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
247 | |
248 | use bignum; |
249 | |
250 | $x = 2 + 4.5,"\n"; # BigFloat 6.5 |
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251 | print 2 ** 512 * 0.1,"\n"; # really is what you think it is |
252 | print inf * inf,"\n"; # prints inf |
253 | print NaN * 3,"\n"; # prints NaN |
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254 | |
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255 | { |
256 | no bignum; |
257 | print 2 ** 256,"\n"; # a normal Perl scalar now |
258 | } |
259 | |
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260 | # for older Perls, note that this will be global: |
261 | use bignum qw/hex oct/; |
262 | print hex("0x1234567890123490"),"\n"; |
263 | print oct("01234567890123490"),"\n"; |
264 | |
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265 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
266 | |
267 | All operators (including basic math operations) are overloaded. Integer and |
268 | floating-point constants are created as proper BigInts or BigFloats, |
269 | respectively. |
270 | |
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271 | If you do |
272 | |
273 | use bignum; |
274 | |
275 | at the top of your script, Math::BigFloat and Math::BigInt will be loaded |
276 | and any constant number will be converted to an object (Math::BigFloat for |
277 | floats like 3.1415 and Math::BigInt for integers like 1234). |
278 | |
279 | So, the following line: |
280 | |
281 | $x = 1234; |
282 | |
283 | creates actually a Math::BigInt and stores a reference to in $x. |
284 | This happens transparently and behind your back, so to speak. |
285 | |
286 | You can see this with the following: |
287 | |
288 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print ref(1234)' |
289 | |
290 | Don't worry if it says Math::BigInt::Lite, bignum and friends will use Lite |
291 | if it is installed since it is faster for some operations. It will be |
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292 | automatically upgraded to BigInt whenever necessary: |
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293 | |
294 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print ref(2**255)' |
295 | |
296 | This also means it is a bad idea to check for some specific package, since |
297 | the actual contents of $x might be something unexpected. Due to the |
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298 | transparent way of bignum C<ref()> should not be necessary, anyway. |
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299 | |
300 | Since Math::BigInt and BigFloat also overload the normal math operations, |
301 | the following line will still work: |
302 | |
303 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print ref(1234+1234)' |
304 | |
305 | Since numbers are actually objects, you can call all the usual methods from |
306 | BigInt/BigFloat on them. This even works to some extent on expressions: |
307 | |
308 | perl -Mbignum -le '$x = 1234; print $x->bdec()' |
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309 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 1234->copy()->binc();' |
310 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 1234->copy()->binc->badd(6);' |
311 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print +(1234)->copy()->binc()' |
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312 | |
313 | (Note that print doesn't do what you expect if the expression starts with |
314 | '(' hence the C<+>) |
315 | |
316 | You can even chain the operations together as usual: |
317 | |
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318 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 1234->copy()->binc->badd(6);' |
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319 | 1241 |
320 | |
321 | Under bignum (or bigint or bigrat), Perl will "upgrade" the numbers |
322 | appropriately. This means that: |
323 | |
324 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 1234+4.5' |
325 | 1238.5 |
326 | |
327 | will work correctly. These mixed cases don't do always work when using |
328 | Math::BigInt or Math::BigFloat alone, or at least not in the way normal Perl |
329 | scalars work. |
330 | |
331 | If you do want to work with large integers like under C<use integer;>, try |
332 | C<use bigint;>: |
333 | |
334 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 1234.5+4.5' |
335 | 1238 |
336 | |
337 | There is also C<use bigrat;> which gives you big rationals: |
338 | |
339 | perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1234+4.1' |
340 | 12381/10 |
341 | |
342 | The entire upgrading/downgrading is still experimental and might not work |
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343 | as you expect or may even have bugs. You might get errors like this: |
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344 | |
345 | Can't use an undefined value as an ARRAY reference at |
346 | /usr/local/lib/perl5/5.8.0/Math/BigInt/Calc.pm line 864 |
347 | |
348 | This means somewhere a routine got a BigFloat/Lite but expected a BigInt (or |
349 | vice versa) and the upgrade/downgrad path was missing. This is a bug, please |
350 | report it so that we can fix it. |
351 | |
352 | You might consider using just Math::BigInt or Math::BigFloat, since they |
353 | allow you finer control over what get's done in which module/space. For |
354 | instance, simple loop counters will be Math::BigInts under C<use bignum;> and |
355 | this is slower than keeping them as Perl scalars: |
356 | |
357 | perl -Mbignum -le 'for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) { print ref($i); }' |
358 | |
359 | Please note the following does not work as expected (prints nothing), since |
360 | overloading of '..' is not yet possible in Perl (as of v5.8.0): |
361 | |
362 | perl -Mbignum -le 'for (1..2) { print ref($_); }' |
363 | |
b68b7ab1 |
364 | =head2 Options |
126f3c5f |
365 | |
366 | bignum recognizes some options that can be passed while loading it via use. |
367 | The options can (currently) be either a single letter form, or the long form. |
368 | The following options exist: |
369 | |
370 | =over 2 |
371 | |
372 | =item a or accuracy |
373 | |
374 | This sets the accuracy for all math operations. The argument must be greater |
375 | than or equal to zero. See Math::BigInt's bround() function for details. |
376 | |
377 | perl -Mbignum=a,50 -le 'print sqrt(20)' |
378 | |
95a2d02c |
379 | Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible. |
380 | |
126f3c5f |
381 | =item p or precision |
382 | |
383 | This sets the precision for all math operations. The argument can be any |
384 | integer. Negative values mean a fixed number of digits after the dot, while |
385 | a positive value rounds to this digit left from the dot. 0 or 1 mean round to |
386 | integer. See Math::BigInt's bfround() function for details. |
387 | |
388 | perl -Mbignum=p,-50 -le 'print sqrt(20)' |
389 | |
95a2d02c |
390 | Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible. |
391 | |
126f3c5f |
392 | =item t or trace |
393 | |
394 | This enables a trace mode and is primarily for debugging bignum or |
395 | Math::BigInt/Math::BigFloat. |
396 | |
397 | =item l or lib |
398 | |
399 | Load a different math lib, see L<MATH LIBRARY>. |
400 | |
401 | perl -Mbignum=l,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
402 | |
403 | Currently there is no way to specify more than one library on the command |
95a2d02c |
404 | line. This means the following does not work: |
405 | |
406 | perl -Mbignum=l,GMP,Pari -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
407 | |
408 | This will be hopefully fixed soon ;) |
126f3c5f |
409 | |
d1a15766 |
410 | =item hex |
411 | |
412 | Override the build-in hex() method with a version that can handle big |
413 | integers. Note that under Perl older than v5.9.4, this will be global |
414 | and cannot be disabled with "no bigint;". |
415 | |
416 | =item oct |
417 | |
418 | Override the build-in oct() method with a version that can handle big |
419 | integers. Note that under Perl older than v5.9.4, this will be global |
420 | and cannot be disabled with "no bigint;". |
421 | |
126f3c5f |
422 | =item v or version |
423 | |
424 | This prints out the name and version of all modules used and then exits. |
425 | |
b68b7ab1 |
426 | perl -Mbignum=v |
126f3c5f |
427 | |
95a2d02c |
428 | =back |
429 | |
b68b7ab1 |
430 | =head2 Methods |
b4bc5691 |
431 | |
432 | Beside import() and AUTOLOAD() there are only a few other methods. |
433 | |
24716a00 |
434 | Since all numbers are now objects, you can use all functions that are part of |
435 | the BigInt or BigFloat API. It is wise to use only the bxxx() notation, and not |
436 | the fxxx() notation, though. This makes it possible that the underlying object |
437 | might morph into a different class than BigFloat. |
438 | |
4440d13a |
439 | =head2 Caveats |
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440 | |
441 | But a warning is in order. When using the following to make a copy of a number, |
442 | only a shallow copy will be made. |
443 | |
444 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
445 | $x = $y = 7; |
446 | |
b68b7ab1 |
447 | If you want to make a real copy, use the following: |
448 | |
449 | $y = $x->copy(); |
450 | |
990fb837 |
451 | Using the copy or the original with overloaded math is okay, e.g. the |
452 | following work: |
453 | |
454 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
455 | print $x + 1, " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 9 |
456 | |
457 | but calling any method that modifies the number directly will result in |
3c4b39be |
458 | B<both> the original and the copy being destroyed: |
990fb837 |
459 | |
460 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
461 | print $x->badd(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10 |
462 | |
463 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
464 | print $x->binc(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10 |
465 | |
466 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
467 | print $x->bmul(2), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 18 18 |
468 | |
d1a15766 |
469 | Using methods that do not modify, but test the contents works: |
990fb837 |
470 | |
471 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
472 | $z = 9 if $x->is_zero(); # works fine |
473 | |
474 | See the documentation about the copy constructor and C<=> in overload, as |
475 | well as the documentation in BigInt for further details. |
476 | |
b4bc5691 |
477 | =over 2 |
478 | |
479 | =item inf() |
480 | |
3c4b39be |
481 | A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->binf(). Useful because Perl does not always |
b4bc5691 |
482 | handle bareword C<inf> properly. |
483 | |
484 | =item NaN() |
485 | |
3c4b39be |
486 | A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->bnan(). Useful because Perl does not always |
b4bc5691 |
487 | handle bareword C<NaN> properly. |
488 | |
489 | =item upgrade() |
490 | |
491 | Return the class that numbers are upgraded to, is in fact returning |
492 | C<$Math::BigInt::upgrade>. |
493 | |
4440d13a |
494 | =item in_effect() |
495 | |
496 | use bignum; |
497 | |
498 | print "in effect\n" if bignum::in_effect; # true |
499 | { |
500 | no bignum; |
501 | print "in effect\n" if bignum::in_effect; # false |
502 | } |
503 | |
504 | Returns true or false if C<bignum> is in effect in the current scope. |
505 | |
506 | This method only works on Perl v5.9.4 or later. |
507 | |
b4bc5691 |
508 | =back |
509 | |
bd49aa09 |
510 | =head2 Math Library |
126f3c5f |
511 | |
512 | Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called |
513 | Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying: |
514 | |
515 | use bignum lib => 'Calc'; |
516 | |
517 | You can change this by using: |
518 | |
bd49aa09 |
519 | use bignum lib => 'GMP'; |
126f3c5f |
520 | |
521 | The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then |
522 | Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc: |
523 | |
524 | use bignum lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar'; |
525 | |
526 | Please see respective module documentation for further details. |
527 | |
bd49aa09 |
528 | Using C<lib> warns if none of the specified libraries can be found and |
529 | L<Math::BigInt> did fall back to one of the default libraries. |
530 | To supress this warning, use C<try> instead: |
531 | |
532 | use bignum try => 'GMP'; |
533 | |
534 | If you want the code to die instead of falling back, use C<only> instead: |
535 | |
536 | use bignum only => 'GMP'; |
537 | |
126f3c5f |
538 | =head2 INTERNAL FORMAT |
539 | |
540 | The numbers are stored as objects, and their internals might change at anytime, |
541 | especially between math operations. The objects also might belong to different |
542 | classes, like Math::BigInt, or Math::BigFLoat. Mixing them together, even |
543 | with normal scalars is not extraordinary, but normal and expected. |
544 | |
545 | You should not depend on the internal format, all accesses must go through |
546 | accessor methods. E.g. looking at $x->{sign} is not a bright idea since there |
547 | is no guaranty that the object in question has such a hashkey, nor is a hash |
548 | underneath at all. |
549 | |
550 | =head2 SIGN |
551 | |
552 | The sign is either '+', '-', 'NaN', '+inf' or '-inf' and stored seperately. |
553 | You can access it with the sign() method. |
554 | |
555 | A sign of 'NaN' is used to represent the result when input arguments are not |
556 | numbers or as a result of 0/0. '+inf' and '-inf' represent plus respectively |
557 | minus infinity. You will get '+inf' when dividing a positive number by 0, and |
558 | '-inf' when dividing any negative number by 0. |
559 | |
d1a15766 |
560 | =head1 CAVAETS |
561 | |
562 | =over 2 |
563 | |
564 | =item in_effect() |
565 | |
566 | This method only works on Perl v5.9.4 or later. |
567 | |
568 | =item hex()/oct() |
569 | |
570 | C<bigint> overrides these routines with versions that can also handle |
571 | big integer values. Under Perl prior to version v5.9.4, however, this |
572 | will not happen unless you specifically ask for it with the two |
573 | import tags "hex" and "oct" - and then it will be global and cannot be |
574 | disabled inside a scope with "no bigint": |
575 | |
576 | use bigint qw/hex oct/; |
577 | |
578 | print hex("0x1234567890123456"); |
579 | { |
580 | no bigint; |
581 | print hex("0x1234567890123456"); |
582 | } |
583 | |
584 | The second call to hex() will warn about a non-portable constant. |
585 | |
586 | Compare this to: |
587 | |
588 | use bigint; |
589 | |
590 | # will warn only under older than v5.9.4 |
591 | print hex("0x1234567890123456"); |
592 | |
593 | =back |
594 | |
126f3c5f |
595 | =head1 MODULES USED |
596 | |
597 | C<bignum> is just a thin wrapper around various modules of the Math::BigInt |
598 | family. Think of it as the head of the family, who runs the shop, and orders |
599 | the others to do the work. |
600 | |
601 | The following modules are currently used by bignum: |
602 | |
603 | Math::BigInt::Lite (for speed, and only if it is loadable) |
604 | Math::BigInt |
605 | Math::BigFloat |
606 | |
607 | =head1 EXAMPLES |
608 | |
609 | Some cool command line examples to impress the Python crowd ;) |
610 | |
611 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print sqrt(33)' |
612 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 2*255' |
613 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 4.5+2*255' |
614 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3' |
615 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 123->is_odd()' |
616 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print log(2)' |
bce28014 |
617 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print exp(1)' |
126f3c5f |
618 | perl -Mbignum -le 'print 2 ** 0.5' |
619 | perl -Mbignum=a,65 -le 'print 2 ** 0.2' |
95a2d02c |
620 | perl -Mbignum=a,65,l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777' |
126f3c5f |
621 | |
622 | =head1 LICENSE |
623 | |
624 | This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under |
625 | the same terms as Perl itself. |
626 | |
627 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
628 | |
629 | Especially L<bigrat> as in C<perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1/3+1/4'>. |
630 | |
631 | L<Math::BigFloat>, L<Math::BigInt>, L<Math::BigRat> and L<Math::Big> as well |
632 | as L<Math::BigInt::BitVect>, L<Math::BigInt::Pari> and L<Math::BigInt::GMP>. |
633 | |
634 | =head1 AUTHORS |
635 | |
95a2d02c |
636 | (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> in early 2002 - 2007. |
126f3c5f |
637 | |
638 | =cut |