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1 | package bigint; |
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2 | use 5.006002; |
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3 | |
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4 | $VERSION = '0.10'; |
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5 | use Exporter; |
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6 | @ISA = qw( Exporter ); |
7 | @EXPORT_OK = qw( ); |
8 | @EXPORT = qw( inf NaN ); |
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9 | |
10 | use strict; |
11 | use overload; |
12 | |
13 | ############################################################################## |
14 | |
15 | # These are all alike, and thus faked by AUTOLOAD |
16 | |
17 | my @faked = qw/round_mode accuracy precision div_scale/; |
18 | use vars qw/$VERSION $AUTOLOAD $_lite/; # _lite for testsuite |
19 | |
20 | sub AUTOLOAD |
21 | { |
22 | my $name = $AUTOLOAD; |
23 | |
24 | $name =~ s/.*:://; # split package |
25 | no strict 'refs'; |
26 | foreach my $n (@faked) |
27 | { |
28 | if ($n eq $name) |
29 | { |
30 | *{"bigint::$name"} = sub |
31 | { |
32 | my $self = shift; |
33 | no strict 'refs'; |
34 | if (defined $_[0]) |
35 | { |
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36 | return Math::BigInt->$name($_[0]); |
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37 | } |
38 | return Math::BigInt->$name(); |
39 | }; |
40 | return &$name; |
41 | } |
42 | } |
43 | |
44 | # delayed load of Carp and avoid recursion |
45 | require Carp; |
46 | Carp::croak ("Can't call bigint\-\>$name, not a valid method"); |
47 | } |
48 | |
49 | sub upgrade |
50 | { |
51 | my $self = shift; |
52 | no strict 'refs'; |
53 | # if (defined $_[0]) |
54 | # { |
55 | # $Math::BigInt::upgrade = $_[0]; |
56 | # } |
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57 | $Math::BigInt::upgrade; |
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58 | } |
59 | |
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60 | sub _binary_constant |
61 | { |
62 | # this takes a binary/hexadecimal/octal constant string and returns it |
63 | # as string suitable for new. Basically it converts octal to decimal, and |
64 | # passes every thing else unmodified back. |
65 | my $string = shift; |
66 | |
67 | return Math::BigInt->new($string) if $string =~ /^0[bx]/; |
68 | |
69 | # so it must be an octal constant |
70 | Math::BigInt->from_oct($string); |
71 | } |
72 | |
73 | sub _float_constant |
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74 | { |
75 | # this takes a floating point constant string and returns it truncated to |
76 | # integer. For instance, '4.5' => '4', '1.234e2' => '123' etc |
77 | my $float = shift; |
78 | |
79 | # some simple cases first |
80 | return $float if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+$/); # '+123','-1','0' etc |
81 | return $float |
82 | if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+\.?[eE]\+?[0-9]+$/); # 123e2, 123.e+2 |
83 | return '0' if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0]*\.[0-9]+$/); # .2, 0.2, -.1 |
84 | if ($float =~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]*$/) # 1., 1.23, -1.2 etc |
85 | { |
86 | $float =~ s/\..*//; |
87 | return $float; |
88 | } |
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89 | my ($mis,$miv,$mfv,$es,$ev) = Math::BigInt::_split($float); |
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90 | return $float if !defined $mis; # doesn't look like a number to me |
91 | my $ec = int($$ev); |
92 | my $sign = $$mis; $sign = '' if $sign eq '+'; |
93 | if ($$es eq '-') |
94 | { |
95 | # ignore fraction part entirely |
96 | if ($ec >= length($$miv)) # 123.23E-4 |
97 | { |
98 | return '0'; |
99 | } |
100 | return $sign . substr ($$miv,0,length($$miv)-$ec); # 1234.45E-2 = 12 |
101 | } |
102 | # xE+y |
103 | if ($ec >= length($$mfv)) |
104 | { |
105 | $ec -= length($$mfv); |
106 | return $sign.$$miv.$$mfv if $ec == 0; # 123.45E+2 => 12345 |
107 | return $sign.$$miv.$$mfv.'E'.$ec; # 123.45e+3 => 12345e1 |
108 | } |
109 | $mfv = substr($$mfv,0,$ec); |
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110 | $sign.$$miv.$mfv; # 123.45e+1 => 1234 |
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111 | } |
112 | |
113 | sub import |
114 | { |
115 | my $self = shift; |
116 | |
117 | # some defaults |
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118 | my $lib = ''; my $lib_kind = 'try'; |
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119 | |
120 | my @import = ( ':constant' ); # drive it w/ constant |
121 | my @a = @_; my $l = scalar @_; my $j = 0; |
122 | my ($ver,$trace); # version? trace? |
123 | my ($a,$p); # accuracy, precision |
124 | for ( my $i = 0; $i < $l ; $i++,$j++ ) |
125 | { |
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126 | if ($_[$i] =~ /^(l|lib|try|only)$/) |
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127 | { |
128 | # this causes a different low lib to take care... |
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129 | $lib_kind = $1; $lib_kind = 'lib' if $lib_kind eq 'l'; |
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130 | $lib = $_[$i+1] || ''; |
131 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
132 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
133 | } |
134 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(a|accuracy)$/) |
135 | { |
136 | $a = $_[$i+1]; |
137 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
138 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
139 | } |
140 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(p|precision)$/) |
141 | { |
142 | $p = $_[$i+1]; |
143 | my $s = 2; $s = 1 if @a-$j < 2; # avoid "can not modify non-existant..." |
144 | splice @a, $j, $s; $j -= $s; $i++; |
145 | } |
146 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(v|version)$/) |
147 | { |
148 | $ver = 1; |
149 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
150 | } |
151 | elsif ($_[$i] =~ /^(t|trace)$/) |
152 | { |
153 | $trace = 1; |
154 | splice @a, $j, 1; $j --; |
155 | } |
156 | else { die "unknown option $_[$i]"; } |
157 | } |
158 | my $class; |
159 | $_lite = 0; # using M::BI::L ? |
160 | if ($trace) |
161 | { |
162 | require Math::BigInt::Trace; $class = 'Math::BigInt::Trace'; |
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163 | } |
164 | else |
165 | { |
166 | # see if we can find Math::BigInt::Lite |
167 | if (!defined $a && !defined $p) # rounding won't work to well |
168 | { |
169 | eval 'require Math::BigInt::Lite;'; |
170 | if ($@ eq '') |
171 | { |
172 | @import = ( ); # :constant in Lite, not MBI |
173 | Math::BigInt::Lite->import( ':constant' ); |
174 | $_lite= 1; # signal okay |
175 | } |
176 | } |
177 | require Math::BigInt if $_lite == 0; # not already loaded? |
178 | $class = 'Math::BigInt'; # regardless of MBIL or not |
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179 | } |
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180 | push @import, $lib_kind => $lib if $lib ne ''; |
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181 | # Math::BigInt::Trace or plain Math::BigInt |
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182 | $class->import(@import); |
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183 | |
184 | bigint->accuracy($a) if defined $a; |
185 | bigint->precision($p) if defined $p; |
186 | if ($ver) |
187 | { |
188 | print "bigint\t\t\t v$VERSION\n"; |
189 | print "Math::BigInt::Lite\t v$Math::BigInt::Lite::VERSION\n" if $_lite; |
190 | print "Math::BigInt\t\t v$Math::BigInt::VERSION"; |
191 | my $config = Math::BigInt->config(); |
192 | print " lib => $config->{lib} v$config->{lib_version}\n"; |
193 | exit; |
194 | } |
195 | # we take care of floating point constants, since BigFloat isn't available |
196 | # and BigInt doesn't like them: |
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197 | overload::constant float => sub { Math::BigInt->new( _float_constant(shift) ); }; |
198 | # Take care of octal/hexadecimal constants |
199 | overload::constant binary => sub { _binary_constant(shift) }; |
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200 | |
201 | $self->export_to_level(1,$self,@a); # export inf and NaN |
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202 | } |
203 | |
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204 | sub inf () { Math::BigInt->binf(); } |
205 | sub NaN () { Math::BigInt->bnan(); } |
206 | |
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207 | 1; |
208 | |
209 | __END__ |
210 | |
211 | =head1 NAME |
212 | |
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213 | bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl |
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214 | |
215 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
216 | |
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217 | use bigint; |
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218 | |
219 | $x = 2 + 4.5,"\n"; # BigInt 6 |
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220 | print 2 ** 512,"\n"; # really is what you think it is |
221 | print inf + 42,"\n"; # inf |
222 | print NaN * 7,"\n"; # NaN |
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223 | |
224 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
225 | |
226 | All operators (including basic math operations) are overloaded. Integer |
227 | constants are created as proper BigInts. |
228 | |
229 | Floating point constants are truncated to integer. All results are also |
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230 | truncated. |
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231 | |
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232 | =head2 Options |
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233 | |
234 | bigint recognizes some options that can be passed while loading it via use. |
235 | The options can (currently) be either a single letter form, or the long form. |
236 | The following options exist: |
237 | |
238 | =over 2 |
239 | |
240 | =item a or accuracy |
241 | |
242 | This sets the accuracy for all math operations. The argument must be greater |
243 | than or equal to zero. See Math::BigInt's bround() function for details. |
244 | |
245 | perl -Mbigint=a,2 -le 'print 12345+1' |
246 | |
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247 | Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible. |
248 | |
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249 | =item p or precision |
250 | |
251 | This sets the precision for all math operations. The argument can be any |
252 | integer. Negative values mean a fixed number of digits after the dot, and |
253 | are <B>ignored</B> since all operations happen in integer space. |
254 | A positive value rounds to this digit left from the dot. 0 or 1 mean round to |
255 | integer and are ignore like negative values. |
256 | |
257 | See Math::BigInt's bfround() function for details. |
258 | |
259 | perl -Mbignum=p,5 -le 'print 123456789+123' |
260 | |
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261 | Note that setting precision and accurary at the same time is not possible. |
262 | |
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263 | =item t or trace |
264 | |
265 | This enables a trace mode and is primarily for debugging bigint or |
266 | Math::BigInt. |
267 | |
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268 | =item l, lib, try or only |
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269 | |
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270 | Load a different math lib, see L<Math Library>. |
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271 | |
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272 | perl -Mbigint=lib,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
273 | perl -Mbigint=try,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
274 | perl -Mbigint=only,GMP -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
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275 | |
276 | Currently there is no way to specify more than one library on the command |
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277 | line. This means the following does not work: |
278 | |
279 | perl -Mbignum=l,GMP,Pari -e 'print 2 ** 512' |
280 | |
281 | This will be hopefully fixed soon ;) |
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282 | |
283 | =item v or version |
284 | |
285 | This prints out the name and version of all modules used and then exits. |
286 | |
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287 | perl -Mbigint=v |
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288 | |
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289 | =back |
290 | |
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291 | =head2 Math Library |
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292 | |
293 | Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called |
294 | Math::BigInt::Calc. This is equivalent to saying: |
295 | |
296 | use bigint lib => 'Calc'; |
297 | |
298 | You can change this by using: |
299 | |
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300 | use bignum lib => 'GMP'; |
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301 | |
302 | The following would first try to find Math::BigInt::Foo, then |
303 | Math::BigInt::Bar, and when this also fails, revert to Math::BigInt::Calc: |
304 | |
305 | use bigint lib => 'Foo,Math::BigInt::Bar'; |
306 | |
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307 | Using C<lib> warns if none of the specified libraries can be found and |
308 | L<Math::BigInt> did fall back to one of the default libraries. |
309 | To supress this warning, use C<try> instead: |
310 | |
311 | use bignum try => 'GMP'; |
312 | |
313 | If you want the code to die instead of falling back, use C<only> instead: |
314 | |
315 | use bignum only => 'GMP'; |
316 | |
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317 | Please see respective module documentation for further details. |
318 | |
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319 | =head2 Internal Format |
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320 | |
321 | The numbers are stored as objects, and their internals might change at anytime, |
322 | especially between math operations. The objects also might belong to different |
323 | classes, like Math::BigInt, or Math::BigInt::Lite. Mixing them together, even |
324 | with normal scalars is not extraordinary, but normal and expected. |
325 | |
326 | You should not depend on the internal format, all accesses must go through |
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327 | accessor methods. E.g. looking at $x->{sign} is not a good idea since there |
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328 | is no guaranty that the object in question has such a hash key, nor is a hash |
329 | underneath at all. |
330 | |
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331 | =head2 Sign |
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332 | |
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333 | The sign is either '+', '-', 'NaN', '+inf' or '-inf'. |
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334 | You can access it with the sign() method. |
335 | |
336 | A sign of 'NaN' is used to represent the result when input arguments are not |
337 | numbers or as a result of 0/0. '+inf' and '-inf' represent plus respectively |
338 | minus infinity. You will get '+inf' when dividing a positive number by 0, and |
339 | '-inf' when dividing any negative number by 0. |
340 | |
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341 | =head2 Methods |
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342 | |
343 | Since all numbers are now objects, you can use all functions that are part of |
344 | the BigInt API. You can only use the bxxx() notation, and not the fxxx() |
345 | notation, though. |
346 | |
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347 | =over 2 |
348 | |
349 | =item inf() |
350 | |
351 | A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->binf(). Useful because Perl does not always |
352 | handle bareword C<inf> properly. |
353 | |
354 | =item NaN() |
355 | |
356 | A shortcut to return Math::BigInt->bnan(). Useful because Perl does not always |
357 | handle bareword C<NaN> properly. |
358 | |
359 | =item upgrade() |
360 | |
361 | Return the class that numbers are upgraded to, is in fact returning |
362 | C<$Math::BigInt::upgrade>. |
363 | |
364 | =back |
365 | |
366 | =head2 MATH LIBRARY |
367 | |
368 | Math with the numbers is done (by default) by a module called |
369 | |
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370 | =head2 Caveat |
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371 | |
372 | But a warning is in order. When using the following to make a copy of a number, |
373 | only a shallow copy will be made. |
374 | |
375 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
376 | $x = $y = 7; |
377 | |
378 | Using the copy or the original with overloaded math is okay, e.g. the |
379 | following work: |
380 | |
381 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
382 | print $x + 1, " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 9 |
383 | |
384 | but calling any method that modifies the number directly will result in |
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385 | B<both> the original and the copy being destroyed: |
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386 | |
387 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
388 | print $x->badd(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10 |
389 | |
390 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
391 | print $x->binc(1), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 10 10 |
392 | |
393 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
394 | print $x->bmul(2), " ", $y,"\n"; # prints 18 18 |
395 | |
396 | Using methods that do not modify, but testthe contents works: |
397 | |
398 | $x = 9; $y = $x; |
399 | $z = 9 if $x->is_zero(); # works fine |
400 | |
401 | See the documentation about the copy constructor and C<=> in overload, as |
402 | well as the documentation in BigInt for further details. |
403 | |
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404 | =head1 MODULES USED |
405 | |
406 | C<bigint> is just a thin wrapper around various modules of the Math::BigInt |
407 | family. Think of it as the head of the family, who runs the shop, and orders |
408 | the others to do the work. |
409 | |
410 | The following modules are currently used by bigint: |
411 | |
412 | Math::BigInt::Lite (for speed, and only if it is loadable) |
413 | Math::BigInt |
414 | |
415 | =head1 EXAMPLES |
416 | |
417 | Some cool command line examples to impress the Python crowd ;) You might want |
418 | to compare them to the results under -Mbignum or -Mbigrat: |
419 | |
420 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print sqrt(33)' |
421 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 2*255' |
422 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 4.5+2*255' |
423 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3' |
424 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 123->is_odd()' |
425 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print log(2)' |
426 | perl -Mbigint -le 'print 2 ** 0.5' |
427 | perl -Mbigint=a,65 -le 'print 2 ** 0.2' |
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428 | perl -Mbignum=a,65,l,GMP -le 'print 7 ** 7777' |
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429 | |
430 | =head1 LICENSE |
431 | |
432 | This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under |
433 | the same terms as Perl itself. |
434 | |
435 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
436 | |
437 | Especially L<bigrat> as in C<perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1/3+1/4'> and |
438 | L<bignum> as in C<perl -Mbignum -le 'print sqrt(2)'>. |
439 | |
440 | L<Math::BigInt>, L<Math::BigRat> and L<Math::Big> as well |
441 | as L<Math::BigInt::BitVect>, L<Math::BigInt::Pari> and L<Math::BigInt::GMP>. |
442 | |
443 | =head1 AUTHORS |
444 | |
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445 | (C) by Tels L<http://bloodgate.com/> in early 2002 - 2007. |
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446 | |
447 | =cut |