Commit | Line | Data |
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1 | package UnicodeCD; |
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2 | |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; |
5 | |
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6 | our $VERSION = '0.1'; |
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7 | |
8 | require Exporter; |
9 | |
10 | our @ISA = qw(Exporter); |
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11 | our @EXPORT_OK = qw(charinfo |
12 | charblock charscript |
13 | charblocks charscripts |
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14 | charinrange |
15 | compexcl |
16 | casefold casespec); |
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17 | |
18 | use Carp; |
19 | |
20 | =head1 NAME |
21 | |
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22 | UnicodeCD - Unicode character database |
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23 | |
24 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
25 | |
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26 | use UnicodeCD 'charinfo'; |
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27 | my $charinfo = charinfo($codepoint); |
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28 | |
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29 | use UnicodeCD 'charblock'; |
e882dd67 |
30 | my $charblock = charblock($codepoint); |
31 | |
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32 | use UnicodeCD 'charscript'; |
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33 | my $charscript = charblock($codepoint); |
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34 | |
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35 | use UnicodeCD 'charblocks'; |
36 | my $charblocks = charblocks(); |
37 | |
38 | use UnicodeCD 'charscripts'; |
39 | my %charscripts = charscripts(); |
40 | |
41 | use UnicodeCD qw(charscript charinrange); |
42 | my $range = charscript($script); |
43 | print "looks like $script\n" if charinrange($range, $codepoint); |
44 | |
45 | use UnicodeCD 'compexcl'; |
46 | my $compexcl = compexcl($codepoint); |
47 | |
48 | my $unicode_version = UnicodeCD::UnicodeVersion(); |
49 | |
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50 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
51 | |
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52 | The UnicodeCD module offers a simple interface to the Unicode Character |
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53 | Database. |
54 | |
55 | =cut |
56 | |
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57 | my $UNICODEFH; |
58 | my $BLOCKSFH; |
59 | my $SCRIPTSFH; |
60 | my $VERSIONFH; |
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61 | my $COMPEXCLFH; |
62 | my $CASEFOLDFH; |
63 | my $CASESPECFH; |
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64 | |
65 | sub openunicode { |
66 | my ($rfh, @path) = @_; |
67 | my $f; |
68 | unless (defined $$rfh) { |
69 | for my $d (@INC) { |
70 | use File::Spec; |
71 | $f = File::Spec->catfile($d, "unicode", @path); |
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72 | last if open($$rfh, $f); |
e882dd67 |
73 | undef $f; |
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74 | } |
e882dd67 |
75 | croak __PACKAGE__, ": failed to find ", |
76 | File::Spec->catfile(@path), " in @INC" |
77 | unless defined $f; |
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78 | } |
79 | return $f; |
80 | } |
81 | |
82 | =head2 charinfo |
83 | |
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84 | use UnicodeCD 'charinfo'; |
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85 | |
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86 | my $charinfo = charinfo(0x41); |
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87 | |
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88 | charinfo() returns a reference to a hash that has the following fields |
89 | as defined by the Unicode standard: |
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90 | |
91 | key |
92 | |
93 | code code point with at least four hexdigits |
94 | name name of the character IN UPPER CASE |
95 | category general category of the character |
96 | combining classes used in the Canonical Ordering Algorithm |
97 | bidi bidirectional category |
98 | decomposition character decomposition mapping |
99 | decimal if decimal digit this is the integer numeric value |
100 | digit if digit this is the numeric value |
101 | numeric if numeric is the integer or rational numeric value |
102 | mirrored if mirrored in bidirectional text |
103 | unicode10 Unicode 1.0 name if existed and different |
104 | comment ISO 10646 comment field |
105 | upper uppercase equivalent mapping |
106 | lower lowercase equivalent mapping |
107 | title titlecase equivalent mapping |
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108 | |
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109 | block block the character belongs to (used in \p{In...}) |
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110 | script script the character belongs to |
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111 | |
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112 | If no match is found, a reference to an empty hash is returned. |
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113 | |
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114 | The C<block> property is the same as as returned by charinfo(). It is |
115 | not defined in the Unicode Character Database proper (Chapter 4 of the |
116 | Unicode 3.0 Standard) but instead in an auxiliary database (Chapter 14 |
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117 | of TUS3). Similarly for the C<script> property. |
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118 | |
119 | Note that you cannot do (de)composition and casing based solely on the |
120 | above C<decomposition> and C<lower>, C<upper>, C<title>, properties, |
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121 | you will need also the compexcl(), casefold(), and casespec() functions. |
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122 | |
123 | =cut |
124 | |
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125 | sub _getcode { |
126 | my $arg = shift; |
127 | |
128 | if ($arg =~ /^\d+$/) { |
129 | return $arg; |
130 | } elsif ($arg =~ /^(?:U\+|0x)?([[:xdigit:]]+)$/) { |
131 | return hex($1); |
132 | } |
133 | |
134 | return; |
135 | } |
136 | |
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137 | sub charinfo { |
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138 | my $arg = shift; |
139 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
140 | croak __PACKAGE__, "::charinfo: unknown code '$arg'" |
141 | unless defined $code; |
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142 | my $hexk = sprintf("%04X", $code); |
143 | |
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144 | openunicode(\$UNICODEFH, "Unicode.txt"); |
145 | if (defined $UNICODEFH) { |
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146 | use Search::Dict; |
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147 | if (look($UNICODEFH, "$hexk;") >= 0) { |
148 | my $line = <$UNICODEFH>; |
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149 | chomp $line; |
150 | my %prop; |
151 | @prop{qw( |
152 | code name category |
153 | combining bidi decomposition |
154 | decimal digit numeric |
155 | mirrored unicode10 comment |
156 | upper lower title |
157 | )} = split(/;/, $line, -1); |
158 | if ($prop{code} eq $hexk) { |
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159 | $prop{block} = charblock($code); |
160 | $prop{script} = charscript($code); |
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161 | return \%prop; |
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162 | } |
163 | } |
164 | } |
165 | return; |
166 | } |
167 | |
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168 | sub _search { # Binary search in a [[lo,hi,prop],[...],...] table. |
169 | my ($table, $lo, $hi, $code) = @_; |
170 | |
171 | return if $lo > $hi; |
172 | |
173 | my $mid = int(($lo+$hi) / 2); |
174 | |
175 | if ($table->[$mid]->[0] < $code) { |
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176 | if ($table->[$mid]->[1] >= $code) { |
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177 | return $table->[$mid]->[2]; |
178 | } else { |
179 | _search($table, $mid + 1, $hi, $code); |
180 | } |
181 | } elsif ($table->[$mid]->[0] > $code) { |
182 | _search($table, $lo, $mid - 1, $code); |
183 | } else { |
184 | return $table->[$mid]->[2]; |
185 | } |
186 | } |
187 | |
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188 | sub charinrange { |
189 | my ($range, $arg) = @_; |
190 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
191 | croak __PACKAGE__, "::charinrange: unknown code '$arg'" |
192 | unless defined $code; |
193 | _search($range, 0, $#$range, $code); |
194 | } |
195 | |
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196 | =head2 charblock |
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197 | |
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198 | use UnicodeCD 'charblock'; |
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199 | |
200 | my $charblock = charblock(0x41); |
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201 | my $charblock = charblock(1234); |
202 | my $charblock = charblock("0x263a"); |
203 | my $charblock = charblock("U+263a"); |
204 | |
205 | my $ranges = charblock('Armenian'); |
206 | |
207 | With a B<code point argument> charblock() returns the block the character |
208 | belongs to, e.g. C<Basic Latin>. Note that not all the character |
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209 | positions within all blocks are defined. |
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210 | |
211 | If supplied with an argument that can't be a code point, charblock() |
212 | tries to do the opposite and interpret the argument as a character |
213 | block. The return value is a I<range>: an anonymous list that |
214 | contains anonymous lists, which in turn contain I<start-of-range>, |
215 | I<end-of-range> code point pairs. You can test whether a code point |
216 | is in a range using the L</charinrange> function. If the argument is |
217 | not a known charater block, C<undef> is returned. |
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218 | |
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219 | =cut |
220 | |
221 | my @BLOCKS; |
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222 | my %BLOCKS; |
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223 | |
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224 | sub _charblocks { |
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225 | unless (@BLOCKS) { |
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226 | if (openunicode(\$BLOCKSFH, "Blocks.txt")) { |
227 | while (<$BLOCKSFH>) { |
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228 | if (/^([0-9A-F]+)\.\.([0-9A-F]+);\s+(.+)/) { |
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229 | my ($lo, $hi) = (hex($1), hex($2)); |
230 | my $subrange = [ $lo, $hi, $3 ]; |
231 | push @BLOCKS, $subrange; |
232 | push @{$BLOCKS{$3}}, $subrange; |
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233 | } |
234 | } |
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235 | close($BLOCKSFH); |
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236 | } |
237 | } |
10a6ecd2 |
238 | } |
239 | |
240 | sub charblock { |
241 | my $arg = shift; |
242 | |
243 | _charblocks() unless @BLOCKS; |
244 | |
245 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
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246 | |
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247 | if (defined $code) { |
248 | _search(\@BLOCKS, 0, $#BLOCKS, $code); |
249 | } else { |
250 | if (exists $BLOCKS{$arg}) { |
251 | return $BLOCKS{$arg}; |
252 | } else { |
253 | return; |
254 | } |
255 | } |
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256 | } |
257 | |
258 | =head2 charscript |
259 | |
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260 | use UnicodeCD 'charscript'; |
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261 | |
262 | my $charscript = charscript(0x41); |
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263 | my $charscript = charscript(1234); |
264 | my $charscript = charscript("U+263a"); |
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265 | |
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266 | my $ranges = charscript('Thai'); |
267 | |
268 | With a B<code point argument> charscript() returns the script the |
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269 | character belongs to, e.g. C<Latin>, C<Greek>, C<Han>. |
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270 | |
271 | If supplied with an argument that can't be a code point, charscript() |
272 | tries to do the opposite and interpret the argument as a character |
273 | script. The return value is a I<range>: an anonymous list that |
274 | contains anonymous lists, which in turn contain I<start-of-range>, |
275 | I<end-of-range> code point pairs. You can test whether a code point |
276 | is in a range using the L</charinrange> function. If the argument is |
277 | not a known charater script, C<undef> is returned. |
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278 | |
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279 | =cut |
280 | |
281 | my @SCRIPTS; |
10a6ecd2 |
282 | my %SCRIPTS; |
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283 | |
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284 | sub _charscripts { |
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285 | unless (@SCRIPTS) { |
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286 | if (openunicode(\$SCRIPTSFH, "Scripts.txt")) { |
287 | while (<$SCRIPTSFH>) { |
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288 | if (/^([0-9A-F]+)(?:\.\.([0-9A-F]+))?\s+;\s+(\w+)/) { |
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289 | my ($lo, $hi) = (hex($1), $2 ? hex($2) : hex($1)); |
290 | my $script = lc($3); |
291 | $script =~ s/\b(\w)/uc($1)/ge; |
292 | my $subrange = [ $lo, $hi, $script ]; |
293 | push @SCRIPTS, $subrange; |
294 | push @{$SCRIPTS{$script}}, $subrange; |
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295 | } |
296 | } |
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297 | close($SCRIPTSFH); |
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298 | @SCRIPTS = sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } @SCRIPTS; |
299 | } |
300 | } |
10a6ecd2 |
301 | } |
302 | |
303 | sub charscript { |
304 | my $arg = shift; |
305 | |
306 | _charscripts() unless @SCRIPTS; |
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307 | |
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308 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
309 | |
310 | if (defined $code) { |
311 | _search(\@SCRIPTS, 0, $#SCRIPTS, $code); |
312 | } else { |
313 | if (exists $SCRIPTS{$arg}) { |
314 | return $SCRIPTS{$arg}; |
315 | } else { |
316 | return; |
317 | } |
318 | } |
319 | } |
320 | |
321 | =head2 charblocks |
322 | |
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323 | use UnicodeCD 'charblocks'; |
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324 | |
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325 | my $charblocks = charblocks(); |
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326 | |
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327 | charblocks() returns a reference to a hash with the known block names |
328 | as the keys, and the code point ranges (see L</charblock>) as the values. |
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329 | |
330 | =cut |
331 | |
332 | sub charblocks { |
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333 | _charblocks() unless %BLOCKS; |
334 | return \%BLOCKS; |
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335 | } |
336 | |
337 | =head2 charscripts |
338 | |
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339 | use UnicodeCD 'charscripts'; |
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340 | |
341 | my %charscripts = charscripts(); |
342 | |
343 | charscripts() returns a hash with the known script names as the keys, |
344 | and the code point ranges (see L</charscript>) as the values. |
345 | |
346 | =cut |
347 | |
348 | sub charscripts { |
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349 | _charscripts() unless %SCRIPTS; |
350 | return \%SCRIPTS; |
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351 | } |
352 | |
10a6ecd2 |
353 | =head2 Blocks versus Scripts |
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354 | |
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355 | The difference between a block and a script is that scripts are closer |
356 | to the linguistic notion of a set of characters required to present |
357 | languages, while block is more of an artifact of the Unicode character |
358 | numbering and separation into blocks of 256 characters. |
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359 | |
360 | For example the Latin B<script> is spread over several B<blocks>, such |
361 | as C<Basic Latin>, C<Latin 1 Supplement>, C<Latin Extended-A>, and |
362 | C<Latin Extended-B>. On the other hand, the Latin script does not |
363 | contain all the characters of the C<Basic Latin> block (also known as |
364 | the ASCII): it includes only the letters, not for example the digits |
365 | or the punctuation. |
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366 | |
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367 | For blocks see http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt |
ad9cab37 |
368 | |
369 | For scripts see UTR #24: http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr24/ |
370 | |
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371 | =head2 Matching Scripts and Blocks |
372 | |
373 | Both scripts and blocks can be matched using the regular expression |
374 | construct C<\p{In...}> and its negation C<\P{In...}>. |
375 | |
376 | The name of the script or the block comes after the C<In>, for example |
377 | C<\p{InCyrillic}>, C<\P{InBasicLatin}>. Spaces and dashes ('-') are |
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378 | removed from the names for the C<\p{In...}>, for example |
379 | C<LatinExtendedA> instead of C<Latin Extended-A>. |
380 | |
381 | There are a few cases where there exists both a script and a block by |
382 | the same name, in these cases the block version has C<Block> appended: |
383 | C<\p{InKatakana}> is the script, C<\p{InKatakanaBlock}> is the block. |
384 | |
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385 | =head2 Code Point Arguments |
386 | |
387 | A <code point argument> is either a decimal or a hexadecimal scalar, |
388 | or "U+" followed by hexadecimals. |
389 | |
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390 | =head2 charinrange |
391 | |
392 | In addition to using the C<\p{In...}> and C<\P{In...}> constructs, you |
393 | can also test whether a code point is in the I<range> as returned by |
394 | L</charblock> and L</charscript> or as the values of the hash returned |
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395 | by L</charblocks> and L</charscripts> by using charinrange(): |
10a6ecd2 |
396 | |
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397 | use UnicodeCD qw(charscript charinrange); |
10a6ecd2 |
398 | |
399 | $range = charscript('Hiragana'); |
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400 | print "looks like hiragana\n" if charinrange($range, $codepoint); |
10a6ecd2 |
401 | |
402 | =cut |
403 | |
b08cd201 |
404 | =head2 compexcl |
405 | |
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406 | use UnicodeCD 'compexcl'; |
b08cd201 |
407 | |
408 | my $compexcl = compexcl("09dc"); |
409 | |
410 | The compexcl() returns the composition exclusion (that is, if the |
9046a8ae |
411 | character should not be produced during a precomposition) of the |
412 | character specified by a B<code point argument>. |
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413 | |
414 | If there is a composition exclusion for the character, true is |
415 | returned. Otherwise, false is returned. |
416 | |
417 | =cut |
418 | |
419 | my %COMPEXCL; |
420 | |
421 | sub _compexcl { |
422 | unless (%COMPEXCL) { |
423 | if (openunicode(\$COMPEXCLFH, "CompExcl.txt")) { |
424 | while (<$COMPEXCLFH>) { |
425 | if (/^([0-9A-F]+) \# /) { |
426 | my $code = hex($1); |
427 | $COMPEXCL{$code} = undef; |
428 | } |
429 | } |
430 | close($COMPEXCLFH); |
431 | } |
432 | } |
433 | } |
434 | |
435 | sub compexcl { |
436 | my $arg = shift; |
437 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
438 | |
439 | _compexcl() unless %COMPEXCL; |
440 | |
441 | return exists $COMPEXCL{$code}; |
442 | } |
443 | |
444 | =head2 casefold |
445 | |
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446 | use UnicodeCD 'casefold'; |
b08cd201 |
447 | |
448 | my %casefold = casefold("09dc"); |
449 | |
450 | The casefold() returns the locale-independent case folding of the |
451 | character specified by a B<code point argument>. |
452 | |
453 | If there is a case folding for that character, a reference to a hash |
454 | with the following fields is returned: |
455 | |
456 | key |
457 | |
458 | code code point with at least four hexdigits |
459 | status "C", "F", "S", or "I" |
460 | mapping one or more codes separated by spaces |
461 | |
462 | The meaning of the I<status> is as follows: |
463 | |
464 | C common case folding, common mappings shared |
465 | by both simple and full mappings |
466 | F full case folding, mappings that cause strings |
467 | to grow in length. Multiple characters are separated |
468 | by spaces |
469 | S simple case folding, mappings to single characters |
470 | where different from F |
471 | I special case for dotted uppercase I and |
472 | dotless lowercase i |
473 | - If this mapping is included, the result is |
474 | case-insensitive, but dotless and dotted I's |
475 | are not distinguished |
476 | - If this mapping is excluded, the result is not |
477 | fully case-insensitive, but dotless and dotted |
478 | I's are distinguished |
479 | |
480 | If there is no case folding for that character, C<undef> is returned. |
481 | |
482 | For more information about case mappings see |
483 | http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ |
484 | |
485 | =cut |
486 | |
487 | my %CASEFOLD; |
488 | |
489 | sub _casefold { |
490 | unless (%CASEFOLD) { |
491 | if (openunicode(\$CASEFOLDFH, "CaseFold.txt")) { |
492 | while (<$CASEFOLDFH>) { |
493 | if (/^([0-9A-F]+); ([CFSI]); ([0-9A-F]+(?: [0-9A-F]+)*);/) { |
494 | my $code = hex($1); |
495 | $CASEFOLD{$code} = { code => $1, |
496 | status => $2, |
497 | mapping => $3 }; |
498 | } |
499 | } |
500 | close($CASEFOLDFH); |
501 | } |
502 | } |
503 | } |
504 | |
505 | sub casefold { |
506 | my $arg = shift; |
507 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
508 | |
509 | _casefold() unless %CASEFOLD; |
510 | |
511 | return $CASEFOLD{$code}; |
512 | } |
513 | |
514 | =head2 casespec |
515 | |
1189d1e4 |
516 | use UnicodeCD 'casespec'; |
b08cd201 |
517 | |
518 | my %casespec = casespec("09dc"); |
519 | |
520 | The casespec() returns the potentially locale-dependent case mapping |
521 | of the character specified by a B<code point argument>. The mapping |
522 | may change the length of the string (which the basic Unicode case |
523 | mappings as returned by charinfo() never do). |
524 | |
525 | If there is a case folding for that character, a reference to a hash |
526 | with the following fields is returned: |
527 | |
528 | key |
529 | |
530 | code code point with at least four hexdigits |
531 | lower lowercase |
532 | title titlecase |
533 | upper uppercase |
534 | condition condition list (may be undef) |
535 | |
536 | The C<condition> is optional. Where present, it consists of one or |
537 | more I<locales> or I<contexts>, separated by spaces (other than as |
538 | used to separate elements, spaces are to be ignored). A condition |
539 | list overrides the normal behavior if all of the listed conditions are |
540 | true. Case distinctions in the condition list are not significant. |
541 | Conditions preceded by "NON_" represent the negation of the condition |
542 | |
543 | A I<locale> is defined as a 2-letter ISO 3166 country code, possibly |
e618509d |
544 | followed by a "_" and a 2-letter ISO language code (possibly followed |
545 | by a "_" and a variant code). You can find the lists of those codes, |
546 | see L<Locale::Country> and L<Locale::Language>. |
b08cd201 |
547 | |
548 | A I<context> is one of the following choices: |
549 | |
550 | FINAL The letter is not followed by a letter of |
551 | general category L (e.g. Ll, Lt, Lu, Lm, or Lo) |
552 | MODERN The mapping is only used for modern text |
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553 | AFTER_i The last base character was "i" (U+0069) |
b08cd201 |
554 | |
555 | For more information about case mappings see |
556 | http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ |
557 | |
558 | =cut |
559 | |
560 | my %CASESPEC; |
561 | |
562 | sub _casespec { |
563 | unless (%CASESPEC) { |
564 | if (openunicode(\$CASESPECFH, "SpecCase.txt")) { |
565 | while (<$CASESPECFH>) { |
566 | if (/^([0-9A-F]+); ([0-9A-F]+(?: [0-9A-F]+)*)?; ([0-9A-F]+(?: [0-9A-F]+)*)?; ([0-9A-F]+(?: [0-9A-F]+)*)?; (\w+(?: \w+)*)?/) { |
567 | my $code = hex($1); |
568 | $CASESPEC{$code} = { code => $1, |
569 | lower => $2, |
570 | title => $3, |
571 | upper => $4, |
572 | condition => $5 }; |
573 | } |
574 | } |
575 | close($CASESPECFH); |
576 | } |
577 | } |
578 | } |
579 | |
580 | sub casespec { |
581 | my $arg = shift; |
582 | my $code = _getcode($arg); |
583 | |
584 | _casespec() unless %CASESPEC; |
585 | |
586 | return $CASESPEC{$code}; |
587 | } |
588 | |
1189d1e4 |
589 | =head2 UnicodeCD::UnicodeVersion |
10a6ecd2 |
590 | |
1189d1e4 |
591 | UnicodeCD::UnicodeVersion() returns the version of the Unicode Character |
10a6ecd2 |
592 | Database, in other words, the version of the Unicode standard the |
593 | database implements. |
594 | |
595 | =cut |
596 | |
597 | my $UNICODEVERSION; |
598 | |
599 | sub UnicodeVersion { |
600 | unless (defined $UNICODEVERSION) { |
601 | openunicode(\$VERSIONFH, "version"); |
602 | chomp($UNICODEVERSION = <$VERSIONFH>); |
603 | close($VERSIONFH); |
604 | croak __PACKAGE__, "::VERSION: strange version '$UNICODEVERSION'" |
605 | unless $UNICODEVERSION =~ /^\d+(?:\.\d+)+$/; |
606 | } |
607 | return $UNICODEVERSION; |
608 | } |
3aa957f9 |
609 | |
610 | =head2 Implementation Note |
32c16050 |
611 | |
ad9cab37 |
612 | The first use of charinfo() opens a read-only filehandle to the Unicode |
613 | Character Database (the database is included in the Perl distribution). |
614 | The filehandle is then kept open for further queries. |
32c16050 |
615 | |
561c79ed |
616 | =head1 AUTHOR |
617 | |
618 | Jarkko Hietaniemi |
619 | |
620 | =cut |
621 | |
622 | 1; |