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1 | package SQL::Translator; |
2 | |
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3 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
4 | # $Id: Translator.pm,v 1.3.2.3 2002-03-18 20:35:51 dlc Exp $ |
5 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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6 | # Copyright (C) 2002 Ken Y. Clark <kycl4rk@users.sourceforge.net>, |
7 | # darren chamberlain <darren@cpan.org> |
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8 | # |
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9 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or |
10 | # modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as |
11 | # published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2. |
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12 | # |
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13 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
14 | # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
15 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
16 | # General Public License for more details. |
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17 | # |
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18 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
19 | # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
20 | # Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA |
21 | # 02111-1307 USA |
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22 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
23 | |
24 | =head1 NAME |
25 | |
26 | SQL::Translator - convert schema from one database to another |
27 | |
28 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
29 | |
30 | use SQL::Translator; |
31 | my $translator = SQL::Translator->new; |
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32 | |
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33 | my $output = $translator->translate( |
34 | from => "MySQL", |
35 | to => "Oracle", |
36 | filename => $file, |
37 | ) or die $translator->error; |
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38 | print $output; |
39 | |
40 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
41 | |
42 | This module attempts to simplify the task of converting one database |
43 | create syntax to another through the use of Parsers and Producers. |
44 | The idea is that any Parser can be used with any Producer in the |
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45 | conversion process. So, if you wanted PostgreSQL-to-Oracle, you would |
46 | use the PostgreSQL parser and the Oracle producer. |
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47 | |
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48 | Currently, the existing parsers use Parse::RecDescent, but this not |
49 | a requirement, or even a recommendation. New parser modules don't |
50 | necessarily have to use Parse::RecDescent, as long as the module |
51 | implements the appropriate API. With this separation of code, it is |
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52 | hoped that developers will find it easy to add more database dialects |
53 | by using what's written, writing only what they need, and then |
54 | contributing their parsers or producers back to the project. |
55 | |
56 | =cut |
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57 | |
58 | use strict; |
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59 | use vars qw($VERSION $DEFAULT_SUB $DEBUG); |
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60 | $VERSION = sprintf "%d.%02d", q$Revision: 1.3.2.3 $ =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)/; |
ca10f295 |
61 | $DEBUG = 1 unless defined $DEBUG; |
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62 | |
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63 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
64 | # The default behavior is to "pass through" values (note that the |
65 | # SQL::Translator instance is the first value ($_[0]), and the stuff |
66 | # to be parsed is the second value ($_[1]) |
67 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
68 | $DEFAULT_SUB = sub { $_[1] } unless defined $DEFAULT_SUB; |
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69 | |
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70 | *isa = \&UNIVERSAL::isa; |
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71 | |
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72 | use Carp qw(carp); |
73 | |
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74 | =head1 CONSTRUCTOR |
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75 | |
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76 | The constructor is called B<new>, and accepts a optional hash of options. |
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77 | Valid options are: |
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78 | |
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79 | =over 4 |
80 | |
81 | =item parser (aka from) |
82 | |
83 | =item producer (aka to) |
84 | |
85 | =item filename |
86 | |
87 | =back |
88 | |
89 | All options are, well, optional; these attributes can be set via |
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90 | instance methods. Internally, they are; no (non-syntactical) |
91 | advantage is gained by passing options to the constructor. |
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92 | |
93 | =cut |
94 | |
95 | # {{{ new |
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96 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
97 | # new([ARGS]) |
98 | # The constructor. |
99 | # |
100 | # new takes an optional hash of arguments. These arguments may |
101 | # include a parser, specified with the keys "parser" or "from", |
102 | # and a producer, specified with the keys "producer" or "to". |
103 | # |
104 | # The values that can be passed as the parser or producer are |
105 | # given directly to the parser or producer methods, respectively. |
106 | # See the appropriate method description below for details about |
107 | # what each expects/accepts. |
108 | # |
109 | # TODO |
110 | # * Support passing an input (filename or string) as with |
111 | # translate |
112 | # ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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113 | sub new { |
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114 | my $class = shift; |
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115 | my $args = isa($_[0], 'HASH') ? shift : { @_ }; |
116 | my $self = bless { } => $class; |
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117 | |
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118 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
119 | # Set the parser and producer. |
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120 | # |
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121 | # If a 'parser' or 'from' parameter is passed in, use that as the |
122 | # parser; if a 'producer' or 'to' parameter is passed in, use that |
123 | # as the producer; both default to $DEFAULT_SUB. |
124 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
ca10f295 |
125 | $self->parser( $args->{'parser'} || $args->{'from'} || $DEFAULT_SUB); |
126 | $self->producer($args->{'producer'} || $args->{'to'} || $DEFAULT_SUB); |
127 | |
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128 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
ca10f295 |
129 | # Clear the error |
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130 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
ca10f295 |
131 | $self->error_out(""); |
132 | |
133 | return $self; |
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134 | } |
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135 | # }}} |
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136 | |
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137 | =head1 METHODS |
138 | |
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139 | =head2 B<producer> |
140 | |
141 | The B<producer> method is an accessor/mutator, used to retrieve or |
142 | define what subroutine is called to produce the output. A subroutine |
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143 | defined as a producer will be invoked as a function (not a method) and |
144 | passed 2 parameters: its container SQL::Translator instance and a |
145 | data structure. It is expected that the function transform the data |
146 | structure to a string. The SQL::Transformer instance is provided for |
147 | informational purposes; for example, the type of the parser can be |
148 | retrieved using the B<parser_type> method, and the B<error> and |
149 | B<debug> methods can be called when needed. |
150 | |
151 | When defining a producer, one of several things can be passed |
152 | in: A module name (e.g., My::Groovy::Producer), a module name |
153 | relative to the SQL::Translator::Producer namespace (e.g., MySQL), a |
154 | module name and function combination (My::Groovy::Producer::transmogrify), |
155 | or a reference to an anonymous subroutine. If a full module name is |
156 | passed in (for the purposes of this method, a string containing "::" |
157 | is considered to be a module name), it is treated as a package, and a |
158 | function called "produce" will be invoked: $modulename::produce. If |
159 | $modulename cannot be loaded, the final portion is stripped off and |
160 | treated as a function. In other words, if there is no file named |
161 | My/Groovy/Producer/transmogrify.pm, SQL::Translator will attempt to load |
162 | My/Groovy/Producer.pm and use transmogrify as the name of the function, |
163 | instead of the default "produce". |
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164 | |
165 | my $tr = SQL::Translator->new; |
166 | |
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167 | # This will invoke My::Groovy::Producer::produce($tr, $data) |
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168 | $tr->producer("My::Groovy::Producer"); |
169 | |
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170 | # This will invoke SQL::Translator::Producer::Sybase::produce($tr, $data) |
ca10f295 |
171 | $tr->producer("Sybase"); |
172 | |
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173 | # This will invoke My::Groovy::Producer::transmogrify($tr, $data), |
174 | # assuming that My::Groovy::Producer::transmogrify is not a module |
175 | # on disk. |
176 | # $tr->producer("My::Groovy::Producer::transmogrify); |
177 | |
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178 | # This will invoke the referenced subroutine directly, as |
179 | # $subref->($tr, $data); |
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180 | $tr->producer(\&my_producer); |
181 | |
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182 | There is also a method named B<producer_type>, which is a string |
183 | containing the classname to which the above B<produce> function |
184 | belongs. In the case of anonymous subroutines, this method returns |
185 | the string "CODE". |
186 | |
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187 | =cut |
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188 | |
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189 | # {{{ producer and producer_type |
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190 | sub producer { |
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191 | my $self = shift; |
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192 | |
193 | # {{{ producer as a mutator |
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194 | if (@_) { |
195 | my $producer = shift; |
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196 | |
197 | # {{{ Passed a module name (string containing "::") |
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198 | if ($producer =~ /::/) { |
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199 | my $func_name; |
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200 | |
201 | # {{{ Module name was passed directly |
202 | # We try to load the name; if it doesn't load, there's |
203 | # a possibility that it has a function name attached to |
204 | # it. |
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205 | if (load($producer)) { |
206 | $func_name = "produce"; |
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207 | } # }}} |
208 | |
209 | # {{{ Module::function was passed |
210 | else { |
211 | # Passed Module::Name::function; try to recover |
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212 | my @func_parts = split /::/, $producer; |
213 | $func_name = pop @func_parts; |
214 | $producer = join "::", @func_parts; |
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215 | |
216 | # If this doesn't work, then we have a legitimate |
217 | # problem. |
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218 | load($producer) or die "Can't load $producer: $@"; |
b346d8f1 |
219 | } # }}} |
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220 | |
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221 | # {{{ get code reference and assign |
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222 | $self->{'producer'} = \&{ "$producer\::$func_name" }; |
223 | $self->{'producer_type'} = $producer; |
224 | $self->debug("Got 'producer': $producer\::$func_name"); |
b346d8f1 |
225 | # }}} |
226 | } # }}} |
227 | |
228 | # {{{ passed an anonymous subroutine reference |
229 | elsif (isa($producer, 'CODE')) { |
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230 | $self->{'producer'} = $producer; |
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231 | $self->{'producer_type'} = "CODE"; |
ca10f295 |
232 | $self->debug("Got 'producer': code ref"); |
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233 | } # }}} |
234 | |
235 | # {{{ passed a string containing no "::"; relative package name |
236 | else { |
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237 | my $Pp = sprintf "SQL::Translator::Producer::$producer"; |
238 | load($Pp) or die "Can't load $Pp: $@"; |
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239 | $self->{'producer'} = \&{ "$Pp\::produce" }; |
240 | $self->{'producer_type'} = $Pp; |
ca10f295 |
241 | $self->debug("Got producer: $Pp"); |
b346d8f1 |
242 | } # }}} |
243 | |
ca10f295 |
244 | # At this point, $self->{'producer'} contains a subroutine |
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245 | # reference that is ready to run |
246 | } # }}} |
247 | |
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248 | return $self->{'producer'}; |
249 | }; |
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250 | |
251 | sub producer_type { $_[0]->{'producer_type'} } |
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252 | # }}} |
253 | |
254 | =head2 B<parser> |
255 | |
256 | The B<parser> method defines or retrieves a subroutine that will be |
257 | called to perform the parsing. The basic idea is the same as that of |
258 | B<producer> (see above), except the default subroutine name is |
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259 | "parse", and will be invoked as $module_name::parse($tr, $data). |
260 | Also, the parser subroutine will be passed a string containing the |
261 | entirety of the data to be parsed (or possibly a reference to a string?). |
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262 | |
263 | # Invokes SQL::Translator::Parser::MySQL::parse() |
264 | $tr->parser("MySQL"); |
265 | |
266 | # Invokes My::Groovy::Parser::parse() |
267 | $tr->parser("My::Groovy::Parser"); |
268 | |
269 | # Invoke an anonymous subroutine directly |
270 | $tr->parser(sub { |
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271 | my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([ $_[1] ], [ "SQL" ]); |
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272 | $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deepcopy(1); |
273 | return $dumper->Dump; |
274 | }); |
275 | |
276 | =cut |
277 | |
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278 | # {{{ parser and parser_type |
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279 | sub parser { |
280 | my $self = shift; |
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281 | |
282 | # {{{ parser as a mutator |
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283 | if (@_) { |
284 | my $parser = shift; |
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285 | |
286 | # {{{ Passed a module name (string containing "::") |
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287 | if ($parser =~ /::/) { |
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288 | my $func_name; |
289 | |
290 | # {{{ Module name was passed directly |
291 | # We try to load the name; if it doesn't load, there's |
292 | # a possibility that it has a function name attached to |
293 | # it. |
294 | if (load($parser)) { |
295 | $func_name = "parse"; |
296 | } # }}} |
297 | |
298 | # {{{ Module::function was passed |
299 | else { |
300 | # Passed Module::Name::function; try to recover |
301 | my @func_parts = split /::/, $parser; |
302 | $func_name = pop @func_parts; |
303 | $parser = join "::", @func_parts; |
304 | |
305 | # If this doesn't work, then we have a legitimate |
306 | # problem. |
307 | load($parser) or die "Can't load $parser: $@"; |
308 | } # }}} |
309 | |
310 | # {{{ get code reference and assign |
311 | $self->{'parser'} = \&{ "$parser\::$func_name" }; |
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312 | $self->{'parser_type'} = $parser; |
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313 | $self->debug("Got parser: $parser\::$func_name"); |
314 | # }}} |
315 | } # }}} |
316 | |
317 | # {{{ passed an anonymous subroutine reference |
318 | elsif (isa($parser, 'CODE')) { |
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319 | $self->{'parser'} = $parser; |
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320 | $self->{'parser_type'} = "CODE"; |
b346d8f1 |
321 | $self->debug("Got 'parser': code ref"); |
322 | } # }}} |
323 | |
324 | # {{{ passed a string containing no "::"; relative package name |
325 | else { |
326 | my $Pp = sprintf "SQL::Translator::Parser::$parser"; |
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327 | load($Pp) or die "Can't load $Pp: $@"; |
328 | $self->{'parser'} = \&{ "$Pp\::parse" }; |
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329 | $self->{'parser_type'} = $Pp; |
ca10f295 |
330 | $self->debug("Got parser: $Pp"); |
b346d8f1 |
331 | } # }}} |
332 | |
333 | # At this point, $self->{'parser'} contains a subroutine |
334 | # reference that is ready to run |
335 | } # }}} |
336 | |
337 | |
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338 | return $self->{'parser'}; |
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339 | } |
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340 | |
341 | sub parser_type { $_[0]->{'parser_type'} } |
ca10f295 |
342 | # }}} |
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343 | |
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344 | =head2 B<translate> |
345 | |
346 | The B<translate> method calls the subroutines referenced by the |
347 | B<parser> and B<producer> data members (described above). It accepts |
348 | as arguments a number of things, in key => value format, including |
349 | (potentially) a parser and a producer (they are passed directly to the |
350 | B<parser> and B<producer> methods). |
351 | |
352 | Here is how the parameter list to B<translate> is parsed: |
353 | |
354 | =over |
355 | |
356 | =item * |
357 | |
358 | 1 argument means it's the data to be parsed; which could be a string |
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359 | (filename) or a refernce to a scalar (a string stored in memory), or a |
360 | reference to a hash, which is parsed as being more than one argument |
361 | (see next section). |
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362 | |
363 | # Parse the file /path/to/datafile |
364 | my $output = $tr->translate("/path/to/datafile"); |
365 | |
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366 | # Parse the data contained in the string $data |
ca10f295 |
367 | my $output = $tr->translate(\$data); |
368 | |
369 | =item * |
370 | |
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371 | More than 1 argument means its a hash of things, and it might be |
372 | setting a parser, producer, or datasource (this key is named |
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373 | "filename" or "file" if it's a file, or "data" for a SCALAR reference. |
ca10f295 |
374 | |
375 | # As above, parse /path/to/datafile, but with different producers |
376 | for my $prod ("MySQL", "XML", "Sybase") { |
377 | print $tr->translate( |
378 | producer => $prod, |
379 | filename => "/path/to/datafile", |
380 | ); |
381 | } |
382 | |
383 | # The filename hash key could also be: |
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384 | datasource => \$data, |
385 | |
386 | You get the idea. |
387 | |
388 | =back |
389 | |
390 | =cut |
391 | |
392 | # {{{ translate |
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393 | sub translate { |
ca10f295 |
394 | my $self = shift; |
395 | my ($args, $parser, $producer); |
396 | |
397 | if (@_ == 1) { |
398 | if (isa($_[0], 'HASH')) { |
399 | # Passed a hashref |
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400 | $self->debug("translate: Got a hashref"); |
ca10f295 |
401 | $args = $_[0]; |
402 | } |
ca10f295 |
403 | elsif (isa($_[0], 'SCALAR')) { |
404 | # passed a ref to a string; deref it |
077ebf34 |
405 | $self->debug("translate: Got a SCALAR reference (string)"); |
ca10f295 |
406 | $args = { data => ${$_[0]} }; |
407 | } |
b346d8f1 |
408 | elsif (! ref $_[0]) { |
ca10f295 |
409 | # Not a ref, it's a filename |
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410 | $self->debug("translate: Got a filename"); |
ca10f295 |
411 | $args = { filename => $_[0] }; |
412 | } |
b346d8f1 |
413 | else { |
414 | # We're not impressed. Take your empty string and leave. |
415 | return ""; |
416 | } |
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417 | } |
418 | else { |
b346d8f1 |
419 | # You must pass in a hash, or you get nothing. |
420 | return "" if @_ % 2; |
ca10f295 |
421 | $args = { @_ }; |
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422 | } |
423 | |
b346d8f1 |
424 | if ((defined $args->{'filename'} || defined $args->{'file'}) && |
425 | not $args->{'data'}) { |
ca10f295 |
426 | local *FH; |
427 | local $/; |
428 | |
b346d8f1 |
429 | open FH, $args->{'filename'} |
430 | or die "Can't open $args->{'filename'} for reading: $!"; |
ca10f295 |
431 | $args->{'data'} = <FH>; |
b346d8f1 |
432 | close FH or die "Can't close $args->{'filename'}: $!"; |
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433 | } |
ca10f295 |
434 | |
435 | # |
436 | # Last chance to bail out; if there's nothing in the data |
437 | # key of %args, back out. |
438 | # |
b346d8f1 |
439 | return "" unless defined $args->{'data'}; |
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440 | |
ca10f295 |
441 | # |
442 | # Local reference to the parser subroutine |
443 | # |
444 | if ($parser = ($args->{'parser'} || $args->{'from'})) { |
445 | $self->parser($parser); |
446 | } else { |
447 | $parser = $self->parser; |
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448 | } |
449 | |
450 | # |
ca10f295 |
451 | # Local reference to the producer subroutine |
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452 | # |
ca10f295 |
453 | if ($producer = ($args->{'producer'} || $args->{'to'})) { |
454 | $self->producer($producer); |
455 | } else { |
456 | $producer = $self->producer; |
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457 | } |
458 | |
ca10f295 |
459 | # |
460 | # Execute the parser, then execute the producer with that output |
461 | # |
b346d8f1 |
462 | return $producer->($self, $parser->($self, $args->{'data'})); |
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463 | } |
ca10f295 |
464 | # }}} |
465 | |
466 | =head2 B<error> |
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467 | |
ca10f295 |
468 | The error method returns the last error. |
469 | |
470 | =cut |
471 | |
472 | # {{{ error |
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473 | #----------------------------------------------------- |
ca10f295 |
474 | sub error { |
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475 | # |
ca10f295 |
476 | # Return the last error. |
16dc9970 |
477 | # |
ca10f295 |
478 | return shift()->{'error'} || ''; |
479 | } |
480 | # }}} |
481 | |
482 | =head2 B<error_out> |
483 | |
484 | Record the error and return undef. The error can be retrieved by |
485 | calling programs using $tr->error. |
486 | |
487 | For Parser or Producer writers, primarily. |
488 | |
489 | =cut |
490 | |
491 | # {{{ error_out |
492 | sub error_out { |
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493 | my $self = shift; |
ca10f295 |
494 | if ( my $error = shift ) { |
495 | $self->{'error'} = $error; |
16dc9970 |
496 | } |
ca10f295 |
497 | return; |
16dc9970 |
498 | } |
ca10f295 |
499 | # }}} |
16dc9970 |
500 | |
ca10f295 |
501 | =head2 B<debug> |
502 | |
503 | If the global variable $SQL::Translator::DEBUG is set to a true value, |
504 | then calls to $tr->debug($msg) will be carped to STDERR. If $DEBUG is |
505 | not set, then this method does nothing. |
506 | |
507 | =cut |
508 | |
509 | # {{{ debug |
ca10f295 |
510 | sub debug { |
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511 | my $self = shift; |
ca10f295 |
512 | carp @_ if ($DEBUG); |
16dc9970 |
513 | } |
ca10f295 |
514 | # }}} |
515 | |
516 | # {{{ load |
517 | sub load { |
518 | my $module = do { my $m = shift; $m =~ s[::][/]g; "$m.pm" }; |
519 | return 1 if $INC{$module}; |
520 | |
521 | eval { require $module }; |
522 | |
523 | return if ($@); |
524 | return 1; |
525 | } |
526 | # }}} |
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527 | |
528 | 1; |
529 | |
ca10f295 |
530 | __END__ |
16dc9970 |
531 | #----------------------------------------------------- |
532 | # Rescue the drowning and tie your shoestrings. |
533 | # Henry David Thoreau |
534 | #----------------------------------------------------- |
535 | |
ca10f295 |
536 | =head1 AUTHOR |
16dc9970 |
537 | |
ca10f295 |
538 | Ken Y. Clark, E<lt>kclark@logsoft.comE<gt>, |
539 | darren chamberlain E<lt>darren@cpan.orgE<gt> |
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540 | |
ca10f295 |
541 | =head1 COPYRIGHT |
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542 | |
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543 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
544 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
545 | the Free Software Foundation; version 2. |
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546 | |
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547 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but |
548 | WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
549 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
550 | General Public License for more details. |
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551 | |
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552 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
553 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
554 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 |
555 | USA |
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556 | |
557 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
558 | |
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559 | L<perl>, L<Parse::RecDescent> |
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560 | |
561 | =cut |