Commit | Line | Data |
f8f0253c |
1 | package SQL::Translator::Producer::PostgreSQL; |
2 | |
96844cae |
3 | =head1 NAME |
4 | |
5 | SQL::Translator::Producer::PostgreSQL - PostgreSQL producer for SQL::Translator |
6 | |
20770e44 |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | my $t = SQL::Translator->new( parser => '...', producer => 'PostgreSQL' ); |
10 | $t->translate; |
11 | |
12 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
13 | |
14 | Creates a DDL suitable for PostgreSQL. Very heavily based on the Oracle |
15 | producer. |
16 | |
e83ad71c |
17 | Now handles PostGIS Geometry and Geography data types on table definitions. |
18 | Does not yet support PostGIS Views. |
ea93df61 |
19 | |
96844cae |
20 | =cut |
21 | |
f8f0253c |
22 | use strict; |
bfb5a568 |
23 | use warnings; |
0c04c5a2 |
24 | our ( $DEBUG, $WARN ); |
da93ce68 |
25 | our $VERSION = '1.60'; |
a25ac5d2 |
26 | $DEBUG = 0 unless defined $DEBUG; |
f8f0253c |
27 | |
8d11f4cb |
28 | use base qw(SQL::Translator::Producer); |
0c43e0a1 |
29 | use SQL::Translator::Schema::Constants; |
f82112a3 |
30 | use SQL::Translator::Utils qw(debug header_comment parse_dbms_version batch_alter_table_statements normalize_quote_options); |
2230ed2a |
31 | use SQL::Translator::Generator::DDL::PostgreSQL; |
f8f0253c |
32 | use Data::Dumper; |
33 | |
9c9c169c |
34 | use constant MAX_ID_LENGTH => 62; |
35 | |
f82112a3 |
36 | { |
37 | my ($quoting_generator, $nonquoting_generator); |
38 | sub _generator { |
39 | my $options = shift; |
40 | return $options->{generator} if exists $options->{generator}; |
41 | |
42 | return normalize_quote_options($options) |
43 | ? $quoting_generator ||= SQL::Translator::Generator::DDL::PostgreSQL->new |
44 | : $nonquoting_generator ||= SQL::Translator::Generator::DDL::PostgreSQL->new( |
45 | quote_chars => [], |
46 | ); |
47 | } |
48 | } |
2230ed2a |
49 | |
b14cf6f4 |
50 | my ( %translate ); |
bfb5a568 |
51 | |
52 | BEGIN { |
53 | |
54 | %translate = ( |
d529894e |
55 | # |
56 | # MySQL types |
57 | # |
90089d63 |
58 | double => 'double precision', |
4328d7bd |
59 | decimal => 'numeric', |
d529894e |
60 | int => 'integer', |
61 | mediumint => 'integer', |
d529894e |
62 | tinyint => 'smallint', |
c8c17a58 |
63 | char => 'character', |
da8e499e |
64 | varchar => 'character varying', |
d529894e |
65 | longtext => 'text', |
66 | mediumtext => 'text', |
d529894e |
67 | tinytext => 'text', |
68 | tinyblob => 'bytea', |
69 | blob => 'bytea', |
70 | mediumblob => 'bytea', |
71 | longblob => 'bytea', |
da8e499e |
72 | enum => 'character varying', |
73 | set => 'character varying', |
d529894e |
74 | datetime => 'timestamp', |
d529894e |
75 | year => 'date', |
76 | |
77 | # |
78 | # Oracle types |
79 | # |
96844cae |
80 | number => 'integer', |
da8e499e |
81 | varchar2 => 'character varying', |
96844cae |
82 | long => 'text', |
ada2826e |
83 | clob => 'text', |
96844cae |
84 | |
85 | # |
86 | # Sybase types |
87 | # |
96844cae |
88 | comment => 'text', |
ebad0597 |
89 | |
90 | # |
91 | # MS Access types |
92 | # |
93 | memo => 'text', |
d529894e |
94 | ); |
bfb5a568 |
95 | } |
96844cae |
96 | my %truncated; |
97 | |
98 | =pod |
99 | |
100 | =head1 PostgreSQL Create Table Syntax |
101 | |
102 | CREATE [ [ LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( |
103 | { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [, ... ] ] |
104 | | table_constraint } [, ... ] |
105 | ) |
106 | [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] |
107 | [ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] |
108 | |
109 | where column_constraint is: |
110 | |
111 | [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] |
112 | { NOT NULL | NULL | UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY | |
113 | CHECK (expression) | |
114 | REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn ) ] [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL ] |
115 | [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } |
116 | [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] |
117 | |
118 | and table_constraint is: |
119 | |
120 | [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] |
121 | { UNIQUE ( column_name [, ... ] ) | |
122 | PRIMARY KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) | |
123 | CHECK ( expression ) | |
124 | FOREIGN KEY ( column_name [, ... ] ) REFERENCES reftable [ ( refcolumn [, ... ] ) ] |
125 | [ MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL ] [ ON DELETE action ] [ ON UPDATE action ] } |
126 | [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] |
127 | |
da8e499e |
128 | =head1 Create Index Syntax |
129 | |
130 | CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index_name ON table |
131 | [ USING acc_method ] ( column [ ops_name ] [, ...] ) |
132 | [ WHERE predicate ] |
133 | CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index_name ON table |
134 | [ USING acc_method ] ( func_name( column [, ... ]) [ ops_name ] ) |
135 | [ WHERE predicate ] |
136 | |
96844cae |
137 | =cut |
f8f0253c |
138 | |
139 | sub produce { |
e189562c |
140 | my $translator = shift; |
141 | local $DEBUG = $translator->debug; |
142 | local $WARN = $translator->show_warnings; |
143 | my $no_comments = $translator->no_comments; |
144 | my $add_drop_table = $translator->add_drop_table; |
145 | my $schema = $translator->schema; |
146 | my $pargs = $translator->producer_args; |
7b4b17aa |
147 | my $postgres_version = parse_dbms_version( |
148 | $pargs->{postgres_version}, 'perl' |
149 | ); |
96844cae |
150 | |
f82112a3 |
151 | my $generator = _generator({ quote_identifiers => $translator->quote_identifiers }); |
ea93df61 |
152 | |
bf75adec |
153 | my @output; |
154 | push @output, header_comment unless ($no_comments); |
96844cae |
155 | |
08d91aad |
156 | my (@table_defs, @fks); |
79f55d7e |
157 | my %type_defs; |
0c43e0a1 |
158 | for my $table ( $schema->get_tables ) { |
08d91aad |
159 | |
ea93df61 |
160 | my ($table_def, $fks) = create_table($table, { |
f82112a3 |
161 | generator => $generator, |
e189562c |
162 | no_comments => $no_comments, |
163 | postgres_version => $postgres_version, |
164 | add_drop_table => $add_drop_table, |
79f55d7e |
165 | type_defs => \%type_defs, |
e189562c |
166 | }); |
167 | |
08d91aad |
168 | push @table_defs, $table_def; |
169 | push @fks, @$fks; |
da8e499e |
170 | } |
171 | |
296c2701 |
172 | for my $view ( $schema->get_views ) { |
f82112a3 |
173 | push @table_defs, create_view($view, { |
174 | postgres_version => $postgres_version, |
175 | add_drop_view => $add_drop_table, |
176 | generator => $generator, |
177 | no_comments => $no_comments, |
178 | }); |
296c2701 |
179 | } |
180 | |
c96cd4a8 |
181 | for my $trigger ( $schema->get_triggers ) { |
182 | push @table_defs, create_trigger( $trigger, { |
183 | add_drop_trigger => $add_drop_table, |
c9c8f3e1 |
184 | generator => $generator, |
c96cd4a8 |
185 | no_comments => $no_comments, |
186 | }); |
187 | } |
188 | |
79f55d7e |
189 | push @output, map { "$_;\n\n" } values %type_defs; |
bf75adec |
190 | push @output, map { "$_;\n\n" } @table_defs; |
08d91aad |
191 | if ( @fks ) { |
bf75adec |
192 | push @output, "--\n-- Foreign Key Definitions\n--\n\n" unless $no_comments; |
193 | push @output, map { "$_;\n\n" } @fks; |
08d91aad |
194 | } |
021dbce8 |
195 | |
da8e499e |
196 | if ( $WARN ) { |
197 | if ( %truncated ) { |
198 | warn "Truncated " . keys( %truncated ) . " names:\n"; |
199 | warn "\t" . join( "\n\t", sort keys %truncated ) . "\n"; |
200 | } |
f8f0253c |
201 | } |
202 | |
bf75adec |
203 | return wantarray |
204 | ? @output |
205 | : join ('', @output); |
f8f0253c |
206 | } |
207 | |
b14cf6f4 |
208 | { |
209 | my %global_names; |
210 | sub mk_name { |
211 | my $basename = shift || ''; |
212 | my $type = shift || ''; |
213 | my $scope = shift || ''; |
214 | my $critical = shift || ''; |
215 | my $basename_orig = $basename; |
216 | |
217 | my $max_name = $type |
218 | ? MAX_ID_LENGTH - (length($type) + 1) |
219 | : MAX_ID_LENGTH; |
220 | $basename = substr( $basename, 0, $max_name ) |
221 | if length( $basename ) > $max_name; |
222 | my $name = $type ? "${type}_$basename" : $basename; |
223 | |
224 | if ( $basename ne $basename_orig and $critical ) { |
225 | my $show_type = $type ? "+'$type'" : ""; |
226 | warn "Truncating '$basename_orig'$show_type to ", MAX_ID_LENGTH, |
227 | " character limit to make '$name'\n" if $WARN; |
228 | $truncated{ $basename_orig } = $name; |
229 | } |
96844cae |
230 | |
b14cf6f4 |
231 | $scope ||= \%global_names; |
232 | if ( my $prev = $scope->{ $name } ) { |
233 | my $name_orig = $name; |
234 | $name .= sprintf( "%02d", ++$prev ); |
235 | substr($name, MAX_ID_LENGTH - 3) = "00" |
236 | if length( $name ) > MAX_ID_LENGTH; |
96844cae |
237 | |
b14cf6f4 |
238 | warn "The name '$name_orig' has been changed to ", |
239 | "'$name' to make it unique.\n" if $WARN; |
96844cae |
240 | |
b14cf6f4 |
241 | $scope->{ $name_orig }++; |
242 | } |
96844cae |
243 | |
b14cf6f4 |
244 | $scope->{ $name }++; |
245 | return $name; |
246 | } |
96844cae |
247 | } |
248 | |
0b4b7709 |
249 | sub is_geometry { |
250 | my $field = shift; |
251 | return 1 if $field->data_type eq 'geometry'; |
140a1dad |
252 | } |
253 | |
0b4b7709 |
254 | sub is_geography { |
140a1dad |
255 | my $field = shift; |
256 | return 1 if $field->data_type eq 'geography'; |
e83ad71c |
257 | } |
258 | |
ea93df61 |
259 | sub create_table |
bfb5a568 |
260 | { |
261 | my ($table, $options) = @_; |
262 | |
f82112a3 |
263 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
bfb5a568 |
264 | my $no_comments = $options->{no_comments} || 0; |
265 | my $add_drop_table = $options->{add_drop_table} || 0; |
5342f5c1 |
266 | my $postgres_version = $options->{postgres_version} || 0; |
79f55d7e |
267 | my $type_defs = $options->{type_defs} || {}; |
bfb5a568 |
268 | |
3406fd5b |
269 | my $table_name = $table->name or next; |
f82112a3 |
270 | my $table_name_qt = $generator->quote($table_name); |
bfb5a568 |
271 | |
d31a1336 |
272 | my ( @comments, @field_defs, @index_defs, @constraint_defs, @fks ); |
bfb5a568 |
273 | |
f82112a3 |
274 | push @comments, "--\n-- Table: $table_name\n--\n" unless $no_comments; |
bfb5a568 |
275 | |
31bed2c0 |
276 | if ( !$no_comments and my $comments = $table->comments ) { |
277 | $comments =~ s/^/-- /mg; |
278 | push @comments, "-- Comments:\n$comments\n--\n"; |
bfb5a568 |
279 | } |
280 | |
281 | # |
282 | # Fields |
283 | # |
bfb5a568 |
284 | for my $field ( $table->get_fields ) { |
f82112a3 |
285 | push @field_defs, create_field($field, { |
286 | generator => $generator, |
287 | postgres_version => $postgres_version, |
288 | type_defs => $type_defs, |
289 | constraint_defs => \@constraint_defs, |
290 | }); |
bfb5a568 |
291 | } |
292 | |
293 | # |
294 | # Index Declarations |
295 | # |
bfb5a568 |
296 | for my $index ( $table->get_indices ) { |
f82112a3 |
297 | my ($idef, $constraints) = create_index($index, { |
298 | generator => $generator, |
299 | }); |
7ed7402c |
300 | $idef and push @index_defs, $idef; |
bfb5a568 |
301 | push @constraint_defs, @$constraints; |
302 | } |
303 | |
304 | # |
305 | # Table constraints |
306 | # |
bfb5a568 |
307 | for my $c ( $table->get_constraints ) { |
f82112a3 |
308 | my ($cdefs, $fks) = create_constraint($c, { |
309 | generator => $generator, |
310 | }); |
bfb5a568 |
311 | push @constraint_defs, @$cdefs; |
312 | push @fks, @$fks; |
313 | } |
314 | |
3e98f7d9 |
315 | |
da936d63 |
316 | my $create_statement = join("\n", @comments); |
5342f5c1 |
317 | if ($add_drop_table) { |
7b4b17aa |
318 | if ($postgres_version >= 8.002) { |
f82112a3 |
319 | $create_statement .= "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $table_name_qt CASCADE;\n"; |
5342f5c1 |
320 | } else { |
f82112a3 |
321 | $create_statement .= "DROP TABLE $table_name_qt CASCADE;\n"; |
5342f5c1 |
322 | } |
323 | } |
da936d63 |
324 | my $temporary = $table->extra->{temporary} ? "TEMPORARY " : ""; |
f82112a3 |
325 | $create_statement .= "CREATE ${temporary}TABLE $table_name_qt (\n" . |
bfb5a568 |
326 | join( ",\n", map { " $_" } @field_defs, @constraint_defs ). |
3406fd5b |
327 | "\n)" |
bfb5a568 |
328 | ; |
3406fd5b |
329 | $create_statement .= @index_defs ? ';' : q{}; |
330 | $create_statement .= ( $create_statement =~ /;$/ ? "\n" : q{} ) |
331 | . join(";\n", @index_defs); |
bfb5a568 |
332 | |
0b4b7709 |
333 | # |
334 | # Geometry |
335 | # |
54b8ff8c |
336 | if (my @geometry_columns = grep { is_geometry($_) } $table->get_fields) { |
3963e31d |
337 | $create_statement .= join(";\n", '', map{ drop_geometry_column($_, $options) } @geometry_columns) if $options->{add_drop_table}; |
338 | $create_statement .= join(";\n", '', map{ add_geometry_column($_, $options) } @geometry_columns); |
0b4b7709 |
339 | } |
e83ad71c |
340 | |
08d91aad |
341 | return $create_statement, \@fks; |
bfb5a568 |
342 | } |
343 | |
296c2701 |
344 | sub create_view { |
345 | my ($view, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
346 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
0e758018 |
347 | my $postgres_version = $options->{postgres_version} || 0; |
a25ac5d2 |
348 | my $add_drop_view = $options->{add_drop_view}; |
296c2701 |
349 | |
350 | my $view_name = $view->name; |
351 | debug("PKG: Looking at view '${view_name}'\n"); |
352 | |
353 | my $create = ''; |
2230ed2a |
354 | $create .= "--\n-- View: " . $generator->quote($view_name) . "\n--\n" |
296c2701 |
355 | unless $options->{no_comments}; |
0e758018 |
356 | if ($add_drop_view) { |
357 | if ($postgres_version >= 8.002) { |
2230ed2a |
358 | $create .= "DROP VIEW IF EXISTS " . $generator->quote($view_name) . ";\n"; |
0e758018 |
359 | } else { |
2230ed2a |
360 | $create .= "DROP VIEW " . $generator->quote($view_name) . ";\n"; |
0e758018 |
361 | } |
362 | } |
296c2701 |
363 | $create .= 'CREATE'; |
296c2701 |
364 | |
365 | my $extra = $view->extra; |
366 | $create .= " TEMPORARY" if exists($extra->{temporary}) && $extra->{temporary}; |
2230ed2a |
367 | $create .= " VIEW " . $generator->quote($view_name); |
296c2701 |
368 | |
369 | if ( my @fields = $view->fields ) { |
2230ed2a |
370 | my $field_list = join ', ', map { $generator->quote($_) } @fields; |
296c2701 |
371 | $create .= " ( ${field_list} )"; |
372 | } |
373 | |
374 | if ( my $sql = $view->sql ) { |
f59b2c0e |
375 | $create .= " AS\n ${sql}\n"; |
296c2701 |
376 | } |
377 | |
378 | if ( $extra->{check_option} ) { |
379 | $create .= ' WITH ' . uc $extra->{check_option} . ' CHECK OPTION'; |
380 | } |
381 | |
296c2701 |
382 | return $create; |
383 | } |
384 | |
ea93df61 |
385 | { |
bfb5a568 |
386 | |
387 | my %field_name_scope; |
388 | |
389 | sub create_field |
390 | { |
391 | my ($field, $options) = @_; |
392 | |
f82112a3 |
393 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
bfb5a568 |
394 | my $table_name = $field->table->name; |
395 | my $constraint_defs = $options->{constraint_defs} || []; |
5342f5c1 |
396 | my $postgres_version = $options->{postgres_version} || 0; |
79f55d7e |
397 | my $type_defs = $options->{type_defs} || {}; |
bfb5a568 |
398 | |
399 | $field_name_scope{$table_name} ||= {}; |
912e67a1 |
400 | my $field_name = $field->name; |
31bed2c0 |
401 | my $field_comments = ''; |
402 | if (my $comments = $field->comments) { |
403 | $comments =~ s/(?<!\A)^/ -- /mg; |
404 | $field_comments = "-- $comments\n "; |
405 | } |
bfb5a568 |
406 | |
2230ed2a |
407 | my $field_def = $field_comments . $generator->quote($field_name); |
bfb5a568 |
408 | |
409 | # |
410 | # Datatype |
411 | # |
bfb5a568 |
412 | my $data_type = lc $field->data_type; |
413 | my %extra = $field->extra; |
414 | my $list = $extra{'list'} || []; |
1868ddbe |
415 | my $commalist = join( ', ', map { __PACKAGE__->_quote_string($_) } @$list ); |
bfb5a568 |
416 | |
d31a1336 |
417 | if ($postgres_version >= 8.003 && $data_type eq 'enum') { |
79f55d7e |
418 | my $type_name = $extra{'custom_type_name'} || $field->table->name . '_' . $field->name . '_type'; |
5342f5c1 |
419 | $field_def .= ' '. $type_name; |
d25db732 |
420 | my $new_type_def = "DROP TYPE IF EXISTS $type_name CASCADE;\n" . |
79f55d7e |
421 | "CREATE TYPE $type_name AS ENUM ($commalist)"; |
422 | if (! exists $type_defs->{$type_name} ) { |
423 | $type_defs->{$type_name} = $new_type_def; |
424 | } elsif ( $type_defs->{$type_name} ne $new_type_def ) { |
425 | die "Attempted to redefine type name '$type_name' as a different type.\n"; |
426 | } |
5342f5c1 |
427 | } else { |
428 | $field_def .= ' '. convert_datatype($field); |
429 | } |
bfb5a568 |
430 | |
431 | # |
ea93df61 |
432 | # Default value |
bfb5a568 |
433 | # |
1868ddbe |
434 | __PACKAGE__->_apply_default_value( |
06baeb21 |
435 | $field, |
436 | \$field_def, |
437 | [ |
438 | 'NULL' => \'NULL', |
439 | 'now()' => 'now()', |
440 | 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP' => 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', |
441 | ], |
442 | ); |
bfb5a568 |
443 | |
444 | # |
445 | # Not null constraint |
446 | # |
447 | $field_def .= ' NOT NULL' unless $field->is_nullable; |
448 | |
0b4b7709 |
449 | # |
450 | # Geometry constraints |
451 | # |
452 | if (is_geometry($field)) { |
3963e31d |
453 | foreach ( create_geometry_constraints($field, $options) ) { |
b4414534 |
454 | my ($cdefs, $fks) = create_constraint($_, $options); |
0b4b7709 |
455 | push @$constraint_defs, @$cdefs; |
456 | push @$fks, @$fks; |
457 | } |
e83ad71c |
458 | } |
ea93df61 |
459 | |
bfb5a568 |
460 | return $field_def; |
461 | } |
462 | } |
463 | |
0b4b7709 |
464 | sub create_geometry_constraints { |
3963e31d |
465 | my ($field, $options) = @_; |
0b4b7709 |
466 | |
3963e31d |
467 | my $fname = _generator($options)->quote($field); |
0b4b7709 |
468 | my @constraints; |
469 | push @constraints, SQL::Translator::Schema::Constraint->new( |
470 | name => "enforce_dims_".$field->name, |
3963e31d |
471 | expression => "(ST_NDims($fname) = ".$field->extra->{dimensions}.")", |
0b4b7709 |
472 | table => $field->table, |
473 | type => CHECK_C, |
474 | ); |
475 | |
476 | push @constraints, SQL::Translator::Schema::Constraint->new( |
477 | name => "enforce_srid_".$field->name, |
3963e31d |
478 | expression => "(ST_SRID($fname) = ".$field->extra->{srid}.")", |
0b4b7709 |
479 | table => $field->table, |
480 | type => CHECK_C, |
481 | ); |
482 | push @constraints, SQL::Translator::Schema::Constraint->new( |
483 | name => "enforce_geotype_".$field->name, |
3963e31d |
484 | expression => "(GeometryType($fname) = ". __PACKAGE__->_quote_string($field->extra->{geometry_type}) ."::text OR $fname IS NULL)", |
0b4b7709 |
485 | table => $field->table, |
486 | type => CHECK_C, |
487 | ); |
488 | |
489 | return @constraints; |
e83ad71c |
490 | } |
491 | |
892573f2 |
492 | { |
b14cf6f4 |
493 | my %index_name; |
494 | sub create_index |
495 | { |
496 | my ($index, $options) = @_; |
bfb5a568 |
497 | |
b14cf6f4 |
498 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
499 | my $table_name = $index->table->name; |
500 | |
501 | my ($index_def, @constraint_defs); |
502 | |
503 | my $name |
504 | = $index->name |
505 | || join('_', $table_name, 'idx', ++$index_name{ $table_name }); |
506 | |
507 | my $type = $index->type || NORMAL; |
508 | my @fields = $index->fields; |
509 | return unless @fields; |
510 | |
511 | my $index_using; |
512 | my $index_where; |
513 | for my $opt ( $index->options ) { |
514 | if ( ref $opt eq 'HASH' ) { |
515 | foreach my $key (keys %$opt) { |
516 | my $value = $opt->{$key}; |
517 | next unless defined $value; |
518 | if ( uc($key) eq 'USING' ) { |
519 | $index_using = "USING $value"; |
520 | } |
521 | elsif ( uc($key) eq 'WHERE' ) { |
522 | $index_where = "WHERE $value"; |
523 | } |
524 | } |
525 | } |
5b36314d |
526 | } |
5b36314d |
527 | |
b14cf6f4 |
528 | my $def_start = 'CONSTRAINT ' . $generator->quote($name) . ' '; |
529 | my $field_names = '(' . join(", ", (map { $_ =~ /\(.*\)/ ? $_ : ( $generator->quote($_) ) } @fields)) . ')'; |
530 | if ( $type eq PRIMARY_KEY ) { |
531 | push @constraint_defs, "${def_start}PRIMARY KEY ".$field_names; |
532 | } |
533 | elsif ( $type eq UNIQUE ) { |
534 | push @constraint_defs, "${def_start}UNIQUE " .$field_names; |
535 | } |
536 | elsif ( $type eq NORMAL ) { |
537 | $index_def = |
538 | 'CREATE INDEX ' . $generator->quote($name) . ' on ' . $generator->quote($table_name) . ' ' . |
539 | join ' ', grep { defined } $index_using, $field_names, $index_where; |
540 | } |
541 | else { |
542 | warn "Unknown index type ($type) on table $table_name.\n" |
543 | if $WARN; |
544 | } |
bfb5a568 |
545 | |
b14cf6f4 |
546 | return $index_def, \@constraint_defs; |
547 | } |
892573f2 |
548 | } |
bfb5a568 |
549 | |
892573f2 |
550 | sub create_constraint |
551 | { |
552 | my ($c, $options) = @_; |
bfb5a568 |
553 | |
f82112a3 |
554 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
892573f2 |
555 | my $table_name = $c->table->name; |
556 | my (@constraint_defs, @fks); |
bfb5a568 |
557 | |
892573f2 |
558 | my $name = $c->name || ''; |
bfb5a568 |
559 | |
5f31ed66 |
560 | my @fields = grep { defined } $c->fields; |
892573f2 |
561 | |
5f31ed66 |
562 | my @rfields = grep { defined } $c->reference_fields; |
892573f2 |
563 | |
564 | next if !@fields && $c->type ne CHECK_C; |
2230ed2a |
565 | my $def_start = $name ? 'CONSTRAINT ' . $generator->quote($name) . ' ' : ''; |
566 | my $field_names = '(' . join(", ", (map { $_ =~ /\(.*\)/ ? $_ : ( $generator->quote($_) ) } @fields)) . ')'; |
892573f2 |
567 | if ( $c->type eq PRIMARY_KEY ) { |
5f31ed66 |
568 | push @constraint_defs, "${def_start}PRIMARY KEY ".$field_names; |
892573f2 |
569 | } |
570 | elsif ( $c->type eq UNIQUE ) { |
5f31ed66 |
571 | push @constraint_defs, "${def_start}UNIQUE " .$field_names; |
892573f2 |
572 | } |
573 | elsif ( $c->type eq CHECK_C ) { |
574 | my $expression = $c->expression; |
575 | push @constraint_defs, "${def_start}CHECK ($expression)"; |
576 | } |
577 | elsif ( $c->type eq FOREIGN_KEY ) { |
2230ed2a |
578 | my $def .= "ALTER TABLE " . $generator->quote($table_name) . " ADD ${def_start}FOREIGN KEY $field_names" |
579 | . "\n REFERENCES " . $generator->quote($c->reference_table); |
bfb5a568 |
580 | |
892573f2 |
581 | if ( @rfields ) { |
2230ed2a |
582 | $def .= ' (' . join( ', ', map { $generator->quote($_) } @rfields ) . ')'; |
892573f2 |
583 | } |
bfb5a568 |
584 | |
892573f2 |
585 | if ( $c->match_type ) { |
ea93df61 |
586 | $def .= ' MATCH ' . |
892573f2 |
587 | ( $c->match_type =~ /full/i ) ? 'FULL' : 'PARTIAL'; |
588 | } |
5342f5c1 |
589 | |
892573f2 |
590 | if ( $c->on_delete ) { |
5863ad87 |
591 | $def .= ' ON DELETE '. $c->on_delete; |
892573f2 |
592 | } |
bfb5a568 |
593 | |
892573f2 |
594 | if ( $c->on_update ) { |
5863ad87 |
595 | $def .= ' ON UPDATE '. $c->on_update; |
892573f2 |
596 | } |
124b192c |
597 | |
892573f2 |
598 | if ( $c->deferrable ) { |
599 | $def .= ' DEFERRABLE'; |
124b192c |
600 | } |
601 | |
892573f2 |
602 | push @fks, "$def"; |
124b192c |
603 | } |
bfb5a568 |
604 | |
892573f2 |
605 | return \@constraint_defs, \@fks; |
606 | } |
607 | |
c96cd4a8 |
608 | sub create_trigger { |
609 | my ($trigger,$options) = @_; |
c9c8f3e1 |
610 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
c96cd4a8 |
611 | |
612 | my @statements; |
613 | |
c9c8f3e1 |
614 | push @statements, sprintf( 'DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS %s', $generator->quote($trigger->name) ) |
c96cd4a8 |
615 | if $options->{add_drop_trigger}; |
616 | |
617 | my $scope = $trigger->scope || ''; |
618 | $scope = " FOR EACH $scope" if $scope; |
619 | |
620 | push @statements, sprintf( |
621 | 'CREATE TRIGGER %s %s %s ON %s%s %s', |
c9c8f3e1 |
622 | $generator->quote($trigger->name), |
c96cd4a8 |
623 | $trigger->perform_action_when, |
624 | join( ' OR ', @{ $trigger->database_events } ), |
c9c8f3e1 |
625 | $generator->quote($trigger->on_table), |
c96cd4a8 |
626 | $scope, |
627 | $trigger->action, |
628 | ); |
629 | |
630 | return @statements; |
631 | } |
632 | |
bfb5a568 |
633 | sub convert_datatype |
634 | { |
635 | my ($field) = @_; |
636 | |
637 | my @size = $field->size; |
638 | my $data_type = lc $field->data_type; |
aacb3187 |
639 | my $array = $data_type =~ s/\[\]$//; |
bfb5a568 |
640 | |
641 | if ( $data_type eq 'enum' ) { |
642 | # my $len = 0; |
643 | # $len = ($len < length($_)) ? length($_) : $len for (@$list); |
644 | # my $chk_name = mk_name( $table_name.'_'.$field_name, 'chk' ); |
ea93df61 |
645 | # push @$constraint_defs, |
2230ed2a |
646 | # 'CONSTRAINT "$chk_name" CHECK (' . $generator->quote(field_name) . |
bfb5a568 |
647 | # qq[IN ($commalist))]; |
648 | $data_type = 'character varying'; |
649 | } |
650 | elsif ( $data_type eq 'set' ) { |
651 | $data_type = 'character varying'; |
652 | } |
653 | elsif ( $field->is_auto_increment ) { |
9d430e09 |
654 | if ( (defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 11) or $data_type eq 'bigint' ) { |
bfb5a568 |
655 | $data_type = 'bigserial'; |
656 | } |
657 | else { |
658 | $data_type = 'serial'; |
659 | } |
660 | undef @size; |
661 | } |
662 | else { |
ada2826e |
663 | $data_type = defined $translate{ lc $data_type } ? |
664 | $translate{ lc $data_type } : |
bfb5a568 |
665 | $data_type; |
666 | } |
667 | |
ad258776 |
668 | if ( $data_type =~ /^time/i || $data_type =~ /^interval/i ) { |
bfb5a568 |
669 | if ( defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 6 ) { |
670 | $size[0] = 6; |
671 | } |
672 | } |
673 | |
674 | if ( $data_type eq 'integer' ) { |
675 | if ( defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 0) { |
676 | if ( $size[0] > 10 ) { |
677 | $data_type = 'bigint'; |
678 | } |
679 | elsif ( $size[0] < 5 ) { |
680 | $data_type = 'smallint'; |
681 | } |
682 | else { |
683 | $data_type = 'integer'; |
684 | } |
685 | } |
686 | else { |
687 | $data_type = 'integer'; |
688 | } |
689 | } |
52bc2e13 |
690 | |
691 | my $type_with_size = join('|', |
e189562c |
692 | 'bit', 'varbit', 'character', 'bit varying', 'character varying', |
90089d63 |
693 | 'time', 'timestamp', 'interval', 'numeric', 'float' |
52bc2e13 |
694 | ); |
695 | |
696 | if ( $data_type !~ /$type_with_size/ ) { |
ea93df61 |
697 | @size = (); |
e56dabb7 |
698 | } |
bfb5a568 |
699 | |
ad258776 |
700 | if (defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 0 && $data_type =~ /^time/i ) { |
701 | $data_type =~ s/^(time.*?)( with.*)?$/$1($size[0])/; |
702 | $data_type .= $2 if(defined $2); |
703 | } elsif ( defined $size[0] && $size[0] > 0 ) { |
e189562c |
704 | $data_type .= '(' . join( ',', @size ) . ')'; |
08d91aad |
705 | } |
aacb3187 |
706 | if($array) |
707 | { |
708 | $data_type .= '[]'; |
709 | } |
bfb5a568 |
710 | |
140a1dad |
711 | # |
712 | # Geography |
713 | # |
714 | if($data_type eq 'geography'){ |
aa068030 |
715 | $data_type .= '('.$field->extra->{geography_type}.','. $field->extra->{srid} .')' |
140a1dad |
716 | } |
717 | |
bfb5a568 |
718 | return $data_type; |
719 | } |
720 | |
721 | |
722 | sub alter_field |
723 | { |
f7410082 |
724 | my ($from_field, $to_field, $options) = @_; |
bfb5a568 |
725 | |
ea93df61 |
726 | die "Can't alter field in another table" |
bfb5a568 |
727 | if($from_field->table->name ne $to_field->table->name); |
728 | |
f7410082 |
729 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
bfb5a568 |
730 | my @out; |
ea93df61 |
731 | |
e83ad71c |
732 | # drop geometry column and constraints |
54b8ff8c |
733 | push @out, |
3963e31d |
734 | drop_geometry_column($from_field, $options), |
735 | drop_geometry_constraints($from_field, $options), |
54b8ff8c |
736 | if is_geometry($from_field); |
c50d1a0a |
737 | |
738 | # it's necessary to start with rename column cause this would affect |
739 | # all of the following statements which would be broken if do the |
740 | # rename later |
741 | # BUT: drop geometry is done before the rename, cause it work's on the |
742 | # $from_field directly |
743 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s RENAME COLUMN %s TO %s', |
f7410082 |
744 | map($generator->quote($_), |
745 | $to_field->table->name, |
746 | $from_field->name, |
747 | $to_field->name, |
748 | ), |
749 | ) |
750 | if($from_field->name ne $to_field->name); |
c50d1a0a |
751 | |
3406fd5b |
752 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s SET NOT NULL', |
f7410082 |
753 | map($generator->quote($_), |
754 | $to_field->table->name, |
755 | $to_field->name |
756 | ), |
757 | ) |
758 | if(!$to_field->is_nullable and $from_field->is_nullable); |
bfb5a568 |
759 | |
90726ffd |
760 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s DROP NOT NULL', |
f7410082 |
761 | map($generator->quote($_), |
762 | $to_field->table->name, |
763 | $to_field->name |
764 | ), |
765 | ) |
766 | if (!$from_field->is_nullable and $to_field->is_nullable); |
90726ffd |
767 | |
768 | |
bfb5a568 |
769 | my $from_dt = convert_datatype($from_field); |
770 | my $to_dt = convert_datatype($to_field); |
3406fd5b |
771 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s TYPE %s', |
f7410082 |
772 | map($generator->quote($_), |
773 | $to_field->table->name, |
774 | $to_field->name |
775 | ), |
776 | $to_dt, |
777 | ) |
778 | if($to_dt ne $from_dt); |
bfb5a568 |
779 | |
3406fd5b |
780 | my $old_default = $from_field->default_value; |
781 | my $new_default = $to_field->default_value; |
90726ffd |
782 | my $default_value = $to_field->default_value; |
ea93df61 |
783 | |
90726ffd |
784 | # fixes bug where output like this was created: |
785 | # ALTER TABLE users ALTER COLUMN column SET DEFAULT ThisIsUnescaped; |
786 | if(ref $default_value eq "SCALAR" ) { |
787 | $default_value = $$default_value; |
788 | } elsif( defined $default_value && $to_dt =~ /^(character|text)/xsmi ) { |
1868ddbe |
789 | $default_value = __PACKAGE__->_quote_string($default_value); |
90726ffd |
790 | } |
ea93df61 |
791 | |
3406fd5b |
792 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s SET DEFAULT %s', |
f7410082 |
793 | map($generator->quote($_), |
794 | $to_field->table->name, |
795 | $to_field->name, |
796 | ), |
797 | $default_value, |
798 | ) |
3406fd5b |
799 | if ( defined $new_default && |
800 | (!defined $old_default || $old_default ne $new_default) ); |
bfb5a568 |
801 | |
ea93df61 |
802 | # fixes bug where removing the DEFAULT statement of a column |
803 | # would result in no change |
804 | |
805 | push @out, sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ALTER COLUMN %s DROP DEFAULT', |
f7410082 |
806 | map($generator->quote($_), |
807 | $to_field->table->name, |
808 | $to_field->name, |
809 | ), |
810 | ) |
90726ffd |
811 | if ( !defined $new_default && defined $old_default ); |
ea93df61 |
812 | |
10d7ce8b |
813 | # add geometry column and constraints |
54b8ff8c |
814 | push @out, |
3963e31d |
815 | add_geometry_column($to_field, $options), |
816 | add_geometry_constraints($to_field, $options), |
54b8ff8c |
817 | if is_geometry($to_field); |
ea93df61 |
818 | |
c50d1a0a |
819 | return wantarray ? @out : join(";\n", @out); |
bfb5a568 |
820 | } |
821 | |
3406fd5b |
822 | sub rename_field { alter_field(@_) } |
823 | |
bfb5a568 |
824 | sub add_field |
825 | { |
f7410082 |
826 | my ($new_field,$options) = @_; |
bfb5a568 |
827 | |
3406fd5b |
828 | my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ADD COLUMN %s', |
f7410082 |
829 | _generator($options)->quote($new_field->table->name), |
830 | create_field($new_field, $options)); |
3963e31d |
831 | $out .= ";\n".add_geometry_column($new_field, $options) |
832 | . ";\n".add_geometry_constraints($new_field, $options) |
54b8ff8c |
833 | if is_geometry($new_field); |
bfb5a568 |
834 | return $out; |
835 | |
836 | } |
837 | |
838 | sub drop_field |
839 | { |
c50d1a0a |
840 | my ($old_field, $options) = @_; |
841 | |
f82112a3 |
842 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
bfb5a568 |
843 | |
3406fd5b |
844 | my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s DROP COLUMN %s', |
2230ed2a |
845 | $generator->quote($old_field->table->name), |
846 | $generator->quote($old_field->name)); |
3963e31d |
847 | $out .= ";\n".drop_geometry_column($old_field, $options) |
54b8ff8c |
848 | if is_geometry($old_field); |
ea93df61 |
849 | return $out; |
bfb5a568 |
850 | } |
851 | |
0b4b7709 |
852 | sub add_geometry_column { |
54b8ff8c |
853 | my ($field, $options) = @_; |
0b4b7709 |
854 | |
54b8ff8c |
855 | return sprintf( |
724347d1 |
856 | "INSERT INTO geometry_columns VALUES (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)", |
857 | map(__PACKAGE__->_quote_string($_), |
858 | '', |
859 | $field->table->schema->name, |
860 | $options->{table} ? $options->{table} : $field->table->name, |
861 | $field->name, |
862 | $field->extra->{dimensions}, |
863 | $field->extra->{srid}, |
864 | $field->extra->{geometry_type}, |
865 | ), |
0b4b7709 |
866 | ); |
e83ad71c |
867 | } |
868 | |
0b4b7709 |
869 | sub drop_geometry_column { |
724347d1 |
870 | my ($field) = @_; |
ea93df61 |
871 | |
54b8ff8c |
872 | return sprintf( |
724347d1 |
873 | "DELETE FROM geometry_columns WHERE f_table_schema = %s AND f_table_name = %s AND f_geometry_column = %s", |
874 | map(__PACKAGE__->_quote_string($_), |
875 | $field->table->schema->name, |
876 | $field->table->name, |
877 | $field->name, |
878 | ), |
0b4b7709 |
879 | ); |
e83ad71c |
880 | } |
881 | |
0b4b7709 |
882 | sub add_geometry_constraints { |
54b8ff8c |
883 | my ($field, $options) = @_; |
ea93df61 |
884 | |
3963e31d |
885 | return join(";\n", map { alter_create_constraint($_, $options) } |
886 | create_geometry_constraints($field, $options)); |
e83ad71c |
887 | } |
888 | |
0b4b7709 |
889 | sub drop_geometry_constraints { |
54b8ff8c |
890 | my ($field, $options) = @_; |
ea93df61 |
891 | |
3963e31d |
892 | return join(";\n", map { alter_drop_constraint($_, $options) } |
893 | create_geometry_constraints($field, $options)); |
ea93df61 |
894 | |
e83ad71c |
895 | } |
896 | |
3406fd5b |
897 | sub alter_table { |
898 | my ($to_table, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
899 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
3406fd5b |
900 | my $out = sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s %s', |
2230ed2a |
901 | $generator->quote($to_table->name), |
3406fd5b |
902 | $options->{alter_table_action}); |
6440741a |
903 | $out .= ";\n".$options->{geometry_changes} if $options->{geometry_changes}; |
3406fd5b |
904 | return $out; |
905 | } |
906 | |
907 | sub rename_table { |
908 | my ($old_table, $new_table, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
909 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
2230ed2a |
910 | $options->{alter_table_action} = "RENAME TO " . $generator->quote($new_table); |
e83ad71c |
911 | |
54b8ff8c |
912 | my @geometry_changes = map { |
3963e31d |
913 | drop_geometry_column($_, $options), |
914 | add_geometry_column($_, { %{$options}, table => $new_table }), |
54b8ff8c |
915 | } grep { is_geometry($_) } $old_table->get_fields; |
ea93df61 |
916 | |
6440741a |
917 | $options->{geometry_changes} = join (";\n",@geometry_changes) if @geometry_changes; |
ea93df61 |
918 | |
3406fd5b |
919 | return alter_table($old_table, $options); |
920 | } |
921 | |
922 | sub alter_create_index { |
923 | my ($index, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
924 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
b4414534 |
925 | my ($idef, $constraints) = create_index($index, $options); |
3406fd5b |
926 | return $index->type eq NORMAL ? $idef |
927 | : sprintf('ALTER TABLE %s ADD %s', |
2230ed2a |
928 | $generator->quote($index->table->name), |
3406fd5b |
929 | join(q{}, @$constraints) |
930 | ); |
931 | } |
932 | |
933 | sub alter_drop_index { |
934 | my ($index, $options) = @_; |
f7410082 |
935 | return 'DROP INDEX '. _generator($options)->quote($index->name); |
3406fd5b |
936 | } |
937 | |
938 | sub alter_drop_constraint { |
939 | my ($c, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
940 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
c50d1a0a |
941 | |
bc9b1c11 |
942 | # attention: Postgres has a very special naming structure for naming |
943 | # foreign keys and primary keys. It names them using the name of the |
944 | # table as prefix and fkey or pkey as suffix, concatenated by an underscore |
945 | my $c_name; |
946 | if( $c->name ) { |
f7410082 |
947 | # Already has a name, just use it |
948 | $c_name = $c->name; |
bc9b1c11 |
949 | } elsif ( $c->type eq FOREIGN_KEY ) { |
950 | # Doesn't have a name, and is foreign key, append '_fkey' |
f7410082 |
951 | $c_name = $c->table->name . '_' . ($c->fields)[0] . '_fkey'; |
bc9b1c11 |
952 | } elsif ( $c->type eq PRIMARY_KEY ) { |
953 | # Doesn't have a name, and is primary key, append '_pkey' |
f7410082 |
954 | $c_name = $c->table->name . '_pkey'; |
bc9b1c11 |
955 | } |
956 | |
c50d1a0a |
957 | return sprintf( |
958 | 'ALTER TABLE %s DROP CONSTRAINT %s', |
f7410082 |
959 | map { $generator->quote($_) } $c->table->name, $c_name, |
c50d1a0a |
960 | ); |
3406fd5b |
961 | } |
962 | |
963 | sub alter_create_constraint { |
964 | my ($index, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
965 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
90726ffd |
966 | my ($defs, $fks) = create_constraint(@_); |
ea93df61 |
967 | |
90726ffd |
968 | # return if there are no constraint definitions so we don't run |
969 | # into output like this: |
970 | # ALTER TABLE users ADD ; |
ea93df61 |
971 | |
90726ffd |
972 | return unless(@{$defs} || @{$fks}); |
973 | return $index->type eq FOREIGN_KEY ? join(q{}, @{$fks}) |
2230ed2a |
974 | : join( ' ', 'ALTER TABLE', $generator->quote($index->table->name), |
90726ffd |
975 | 'ADD', join(q{}, @{$defs}, @{$fks}) |
3406fd5b |
976 | ); |
977 | } |
978 | |
979 | sub drop_table { |
980 | my ($table, $options) = @_; |
f82112a3 |
981 | my $generator = _generator($options); |
2230ed2a |
982 | my $out = "DROP TABLE " . $generator->quote($table) . " CASCADE"; |
ea93df61 |
983 | |
e83ad71c |
984 | my @geometry_drops = map { drop_geometry_column($_); } grep { is_geometry($_) } $table->get_fields; |
985 | |
6440741a |
986 | $out .= join(";\n", '', @geometry_drops) if @geometry_drops; |
e83ad71c |
987 | return $out; |
3406fd5b |
988 | } |
989 | |
0c610cc8 |
990 | sub batch_alter_table { |
991 | my ( $table, $diff_hash, $options ) = @_; |
0c610cc8 |
992 | |
993 | # as long as we're not renaming the table we don't need to be here |
994 | if ( @{$diff_hash->{rename_table}} == 0 ) { |
86609eaa |
995 | return batch_alter_table_statements($diff_hash, $options); |
0c610cc8 |
996 | } |
997 | |
998 | # first we need to perform drops which are on old table |
86609eaa |
999 | my @sql = batch_alter_table_statements($diff_hash, $options, qw( |
1000 | alter_drop_constraint |
0c610cc8 |
1001 | alter_drop_index |
86609eaa |
1002 | drop_field |
1003 | )); |
0c610cc8 |
1004 | |
1005 | # next comes the rename_table |
1006 | my $old_table = $diff_hash->{rename_table}[0][0]; |
1007 | push @sql, rename_table( $old_table, $table, $options ); |
1008 | |
1009 | # for alter_field (and so also rename_field) we need to make sure old |
1010 | # field has table name set to new table otherwise calling alter_field dies |
1011 | $diff_hash->{alter_field} = |
1012 | [map { $_->[0]->table($table) && $_ } @{$diff_hash->{alter_field}}]; |
1013 | $diff_hash->{rename_field} = |
1014 | [map { $_->[0]->table($table) && $_ } @{$diff_hash->{rename_field}}]; |
1015 | |
1016 | # now add everything else |
86609eaa |
1017 | push @sql, batch_alter_table_statements($diff_hash, $options, qw( |
1018 | add_field |
0c610cc8 |
1019 | alter_field |
1020 | rename_field |
1021 | alter_create_index |
1022 | alter_create_constraint |
86609eaa |
1023 | alter_table |
1024 | )); |
0c610cc8 |
1025 | |
1026 | return @sql; |
1027 | } |
1028 | |
f8f0253c |
1029 | 1; |
f8f0253c |
1030 | |
96844cae |
1031 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
1032 | # Life is full of misery, loneliness, and suffering -- |
1033 | # and it's all over much too soon. |
1034 | # Woody Allen |
1035 | # ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
f8f0253c |
1036 | |
96844cae |
1037 | =pod |
f8f0253c |
1038 | |
20770e44 |
1039 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
1040 | |
1041 | SQL::Translator, SQL::Translator::Producer::Oracle. |
1042 | |
f8f0253c |
1043 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1044 | |
f997b9ab |
1045 | Ken Youens-Clark E<lt>kclark@cpan.orgE<gt>. |
f8f0253c |
1046 | |
1047 | =cut |