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[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / lib / Pod / Usage.pm
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360aca43 1#############################################################################
2# Pod/Usage.pm -- print usage messages for the running script.
3#
66aff6dd 4# Copyright (C) 1996-2000 by Bradford Appleton. All rights reserved.
360aca43 5# This file is part of "PodParser". PodParser is free software;
6# you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
7# as Perl itself.
8#############################################################################
9
10package Pod::Usage;
11
12use vars qw($VERSION);
39a52d2c 13$VERSION = 1.14; ## Current version of this package
828c4421 14require 5.005; ## requires this Perl version or later
360aca43 15
16=head1 NAME
17
18Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation
19
20=head1 SYNOPSIS
21
22 use Pod::Usage
23
24 my $message_text = "This text precedes the usage message.";
25 my $exit_status = 2; ## The exit status to use
26 my $verbose_level = 0; ## The verbose level to use
27 my $filehandle = \*STDERR; ## The filehandle to write to
28
29 pod2usage($message_text);
30
31 pod2usage($exit_status);
32
33 pod2usage( { -message => $message_text ,
34 -exitval => $exit_status ,
35 -verbose => $verbose_level,
36 -output => $filehandle } );
37
38 pod2usage( -msg => $message_text ,
39 -exitval => $exit_status ,
40 -verbose => $verbose_level,
41 -output => $filehandle );
42
43=head1 ARGUMENTS
44
45B<pod2usage> should be given either a single argument, or a list of
46arguments corresponding to an associative array (a "hash"). When a single
47argument is given, it should correspond to exactly one of the following:
48
92e3d63a 49=over 4
360aca43 50
51=item *
52
53A string containing the text of a message to print I<before> printing
54the usage message
55
56=item *
57
58A numeric value corresponding to the desired exit status
59
60=item *
61
62A reference to a hash
63
64=back
65
66If more than one argument is given then the entire argument list is
67assumed to be a hash. If a hash is supplied (either as a reference or
68as a list) it should contain one or more elements with the following
69keys:
70
92e3d63a 71=over 4
360aca43 72
73=item C<-message>
74
75=item C<-msg>
76
77The text of a message to print immediately prior to printing the
78program's usage message.
79
80=item C<-exitval>
81
82The desired exit status to pass to the B<exit()> function.
39a52d2c 83This should be an integer, or else the string "NOEXIT" to
84indicate that control should simply be returned without
85terminating the invoking process.
360aca43 86
87=item C<-verbose>
88
89The desired level of "verboseness" to use when printing the usage
90message. If the corresponding value is 0, then only the "SYNOPSIS"
91section of the pod documentation is printed. If the corresponding value
92is 1, then the "SYNOPSIS" section, along with any section entitled
93"OPTIONS", "ARGUMENTS", or "OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS" is printed. If the
94corresponding value is 2 or more then the entire manpage is printed.
95
96=item C<-output>
97
98A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file to which the
99usage message should be written. The default is C<\*STDERR> unless the
100exit value is less than 2 (in which case the default is C<\*STDOUT>).
101
102=item C<-input>
103
104A reference to a filehandle, or the pathname of a file from which the
105invoking script's pod documentation should be read. It defaults to the
106file indicated by C<$0> (C<$PROGRAM_NAME> for users of F<English.pm>).
107
108=item C<-pathlist>
109
110A list of directory paths. If the input file does not exist, then it
111will be searched for in the given directory list (in the order the
112directories appear in the list). It defaults to the list of directories
113implied by C<$ENV{PATH}>. The list may be specified either by a reference
114to an array, or by a string of directory paths which use the same path
115separator as C<$ENV{PATH}> on your system (e.g., C<:> for Unix, C<;> for
116MSWin32 and DOS).
117
118=back
119
120=head1 DESCRIPTION
121
122B<pod2usage> will print a usage message for the invoking script (using
123its embedded pod documentation) and then exit the script with the
124desired exit status. The usage message printed may have any one of three
125levels of "verboseness": If the verbose level is 0, then only a synopsis
126is printed. If the verbose level is 1, then the synopsis is printed
127along with a description (if present) of the command line options and
128arguments. If the verbose level is 2, then the entire manual page is
129printed.
130
131Unless they are explicitly specified, the default values for the exit
132status, verbose level, and output stream to use are determined as
133follows:
134
92e3d63a 135=over 4
360aca43 136
137=item *
138
139If neither the exit status nor the verbose level is specified, then the
140default is to use an exit status of 2 with a verbose level of 0.
141
142=item *
143
144If an exit status I<is> specified but the verbose level is I<not>, then the
145verbose level will default to 1 if the exit status is less than 2 and
146will default to 0 otherwise.
147
148=item *
149
150If an exit status is I<not> specified but verbose level I<is> given, then
151the exit status will default to 2 if the verbose level is 0 and will
152default to 1 otherwise.
153
154=item *
155
156If the exit status used is less than 2, then output is printed on
157C<STDOUT>. Otherwise output is printed on C<STDERR>.
158
159=back
160
161Although the above may seem a bit confusing at first, it generally does
162"the right thing" in most situations. This determination of the default
163values to use is based upon the following typical Unix conventions:
164
92e3d63a 165=over 4
360aca43 166
167=item *
168
169An exit status of 0 implies "success". For example, B<diff(1)> exits
170with a status of 0 if the two files have the same contents.
171
172=item *
173
174An exit status of 1 implies possibly abnormal, but non-defective, program
175termination. For example, B<grep(1)> exits with a status of 1 if
176it did I<not> find a matching line for the given regular expression.
177
178=item *
179
180An exit status of 2 or more implies a fatal error. For example, B<ls(1)>
181exits with a status of 2 if you specify an illegal (unknown) option on
182the command line.
183
184=item *
185
186Usage messages issued as a result of bad command-line syntax should go
187to C<STDERR>. However, usage messages issued due to an explicit request
188to print usage (like specifying B<-help> on the command line) should go
189to C<STDOUT>, just in case the user wants to pipe the output to a pager
190(such as B<more(1)>).
191
192=item *
193
194If program usage has been explicitly requested by the user, it is often
195desireable to exit with a status of 1 (as opposed to 0) after issuing
196the user-requested usage message. It is also desireable to give a
197more verbose description of program usage in this case.
198
199=back
200
201B<pod2usage> doesn't force the above conventions upon you, but it will
202use them by default if you don't expressly tell it to do otherwise. The
203ability of B<pod2usage()> to accept a single number or a string makes it
204convenient to use as an innocent looking error message handling function:
205
206 use Pod::Usage;
207 use Getopt::Long;
208
209 ## Parse options
210 GetOptions("help", "man", "flag1") || pod2usage(2);
211 pod2usage(1) if ($opt_help);
212 pod2usage(-verbose => 2) if ($opt_man);
213
214 ## Check for too many filenames
215 pod2usage("$0: Too many files given.\n") if (@ARGV > 1);
216
92e3d63a 217Some user's however may feel that the above "economy of expression" is
360aca43 218not particularly readable nor consistent and may instead choose to do
219something more like the following:
220
221 use Pod::Usage;
222 use Getopt::Long;
223
224 ## Parse options
225 GetOptions("help", "man", "flag1") || pod2usage(-verbose => 0);
226 pod2usage(-verbose => 1) if ($opt_help);
227 pod2usage(-verbose => 2) if ($opt_man);
228
229 ## Check for too many filenames
230 pod2usage(-verbose => 2, -message => "$0: Too many files given.\n")
231 if (@ARGV > 1);
232
233As with all things in Perl, I<there's more than one way to do it>, and
234B<pod2usage()> adheres to this philosophy. If you are interested in
235seeing a number of different ways to invoke B<pod2usage> (although by no
236means exhaustive), please refer to L<"EXAMPLES">.
237
238=head1 EXAMPLES
239
240Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print just the
241"SYNOPSIS" section to C<STDERR> and will exit with a status of 2:
242
243 pod2usage();
244
245 pod2usage(2);
246
247 pod2usage(-verbose => 0);
248
249 pod2usage(-exitval => 2);
250
251 pod2usage({-exitval => 2, -output => \*STDERR});
252
253 pod2usage({-verbose => 0, -output => \*STDERR});
254
255 pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -verbose => 0);
256
257 pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -verbose => 0, -output => \*STDERR);
258
259Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print a message
260of "Syntax error." (followed by a newline) to C<STDERR>, immediately
261followed by just the "SYNOPSIS" section (also printed to C<STDERR>) and
262will exit with a status of 2:
263
264 pod2usage("Syntax error.");
265
266 pod2usage(-message => "Syntax error.", -verbose => 0);
267
268 pod2usage(-msg => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2);
269
270 pod2usage({-msg => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2, -output => \*STDERR});
271
272 pod2usage({-msg => "Syntax error.", -verbose => 0, -output => \*STDERR});
273
274 pod2usage(-msg => "Syntax error.", -exitval => 2, -verbose => 0);
275
276 pod2usage(-message => "Syntax error.",
277 -exitval => 2,
278 -verbose => 0,
279 -output => \*STDERR);
280
281Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print the
282"SYNOPSIS" section and any "OPTIONS" and/or "ARGUMENTS" sections to
283C<STDOUT> and will exit with a status of 1:
284
285 pod2usage(1);
286
287 pod2usage(-verbose => 1);
288
289 pod2usage(-exitval => 1);
290
291 pod2usage({-exitval => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
292
293 pod2usage({-verbose => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
294
295 pod2usage(-exitval => 1, -verbose => 1);
296
297 pod2usage(-exitval => 1, -verbose => 1, -output => \*STDOUT});
298
299Each of the following invocations of C<pod2usage()> will print the
300entire manual page to C<STDOUT> and will exit with a status of 1:
301
302 pod2usage(-verbose => 2);
303
304 pod2usage({-verbose => 2, -output => \*STDOUT});
305
306 pod2usage(-exitval => 1, -verbose => 2);
307
308 pod2usage({-exitval => 1, -verbose => 2, -output => \*STDOUT});
309
310=head2 Recommended Use
311
312Most scripts should print some type of usage message to C<STDERR> when a
313command line syntax error is detected. They should also provide an
314option (usually C<-H> or C<-help>) to print a (possibly more verbose)
315usage message to C<STDOUT>. Some scripts may even wish to go so far as to
316provide a means of printing their complete documentation to C<STDOUT>
f48e6a7e 317(perhaps by allowing a C<-man> option). The following complete example
318uses B<Pod::Usage> in combination with B<Getopt::Long> to do all of these
360aca43 319things:
320
321 use Getopt::Long;
322 use Pod::Usage;
323
f48e6a7e 324 my $man = 0;
325 my $help = 0;
360aca43 326 ## Parse options and print usage if there is a syntax error,
327 ## or if usage was explicitly requested.
f48e6a7e 328 GetOptions('help|?' => \$help, man => \$man) or pod2usage(2);
329 pod2usage(1) if $help;
330 pod2usage(-verbose => 2) if $man;
360aca43 331
332 ## If no arguments were given, then allow STDIN to be used only
333 ## if it's not connected to a terminal (otherwise print usage)
334 pod2usage("$0: No files given.") if ((@ARGV == 0) && (-t STDIN));
f48e6a7e 335 __END__
336
337 =head1 NAME
338
339 sample - Using GetOpt::Long and Pod::Usage
340
341 =head1 SYNOPSIS
342
343 sample [options] [file ...]
344
345 Options:
346 -help brief help message
347 -man full documentation
348
349 =head1 OPTIONS
350
351 =over 8
352
353 =item B<-help>
354
355 Print a brief help message and exits.
356
357 =item B<-man>
358
359 Prints the manual page and exits.
360
361 =back
362
363 =head1 DESCRIPTION
364
365 B<This program> will read the given input file(s) and do something
366 useful with the contents thereof.
367
368 =cut
360aca43 369
370=head1 CAVEATS
371
372By default, B<pod2usage()> will use C<$0> as the path to the pod input
373file. Unfortunately, not all systems on which Perl runs will set C<$0>
374properly (although if C<$0> isn't found, B<pod2usage()> will search
375C<$ENV{PATH}> or else the list specified by the C<-pathlist> option).
376If this is the case for your system, you may need to explicitly specify
377the path to the pod docs for the invoking script using something
378similar to the following:
379
380 pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -input => "/path/to/your/pod/docs");
381
382=head1 AUTHOR
383
384Brad Appleton E<lt>bradapp@enteract.comE<gt>
385
386Based on code for B<Pod::Text::pod2text()> written by
387Tom Christiansen E<lt>tchrist@mox.perl.comE<gt>
388
389=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
390
391Steven McDougall E<lt>swmcd@world.std.comE<gt> for his help and patience
392with re-writing this manpage.
393
394=cut
395
396#############################################################################
397
398use strict;
399#use diagnostics;
400use Carp;
39a52d2c 401use Config;
360aca43 402use Exporter;
360aca43 403use File::Spec;
404
405use vars qw(@ISA @EXPORT);
360aca43 406@EXPORT = qw(&pod2usage);
664bb207 407BEGIN {
408 if ( $] >= 5.005_58 ) {
409 require Pod::Text;
410 @ISA = qw( Pod::Text );
411 }
412 else {
413 require Pod::PlainText;
414 @ISA = qw( Pod::PlainText );
415 }
416}
417
360aca43 418
419##---------------------------------------------------------------------------
420
421##---------------------------------
422## Function definitions begin here
423##---------------------------------
424
425sub pod2usage {
426 local($_) = shift || "";
427 my %opts;
428 ## Collect arguments
429 if (@_ > 0) {
430 ## Too many arguments - assume that this is a hash and
431 ## the user forgot to pass a reference to it.
432 %opts = ($_, @_);
433 }
434 elsif (ref $_) {
435 ## User passed a ref to a hash
436 %opts = %{$_} if (ref($_) eq 'HASH');
437 }
e9fdc7d2 438 elsif (/^[-+]?\d+$/) {
360aca43 439 ## User passed in the exit value to use
440 $opts{"-exitval"} = $_;
441 }
442 else {
443 ## User passed in a message to print before issuing usage.
444 $_ and $opts{"-message"} = $_;
445 }
446
447 ## Need this for backward compatibility since we formerly used
448 ## options that were all uppercase words rather than ones that
449 ## looked like Unix command-line options.
450 ## to be uppercase keywords)
451 %opts = map {
452 my $val = $opts{$_};
453 s/^(?=\w)/-/;
454 /^-msg/i and $_ = '-message';
455 /^-exit/i and $_ = '-exitval';
456 lc($_) => $val;
457 } (keys %opts);
458
459 ## Now determine default -exitval and -verbose values to use
460 if ((! defined $opts{"-exitval"}) && (! defined $opts{"-verbose"})) {
461 $opts{"-exitval"} = 2;
462 $opts{"-verbose"} = 0;
463 }
464 elsif (! defined $opts{"-exitval"}) {
465 $opts{"-exitval"} = ($opts{"-verbose"} > 0) ? 1 : 2;
466 }
467 elsif (! defined $opts{"-verbose"}) {
468 $opts{"-verbose"} = ($opts{"-exitval"} < 2);
469 }
470
471 ## Default the output file
472 $opts{"-output"} = ($opts{"-exitval"} < 2) ? \*STDOUT : \*STDERR
473 unless (defined $opts{"-output"});
474 ## Default the input file
475 $opts{"-input"} = $0 unless (defined $opts{"-input"});
476
477 ## Look up input file in path if it doesnt exist.
478 unless ((ref $opts{"-input"}) || (-e $opts{"-input"})) {
479 my ($dirname, $basename) = ('', $opts{"-input"});
480 my $pathsep = ($^O =~ /^(?:dos|os2|MSWin32)$/) ? ";"
481 : (($^O eq 'MacOS') ? ',' : ":");
482 my $pathspec = $opts{"-pathlist"} || $ENV{PATH} || $ENV{PERL5LIB};
483
484 my @paths = (ref $pathspec) ? @$pathspec : split($pathsep, $pathspec);
485 for $dirname (@paths) {
486 $_ = File::Spec->catfile($dirname, $basename) if length;
487 last if (-e $_) && ($opts{"-input"} = $_);
488 }
489 }
490
491 ## Now create a pod reader and constrain it to the desired sections.
492 my $parser = new Pod::Usage(USAGE_OPTIONS => \%opts);
493 if ($opts{"-verbose"} == 0) {
494 $parser->select("SYNOPSIS");
495 }
496 elsif ($opts{"-verbose"} == 1) {
497 my $opt_re = '(?i)' .
498 '(?:OPTIONS|ARGUMENTS)' .
499 '(?:\s*(?:AND|\/)\s*(?:OPTIONS|ARGUMENTS))?';
500 $parser->select( 'SYNOPSIS', $opt_re, "DESCRIPTION/$opt_re" );
501 }
502
503 ## Now translate the pod document and then exit with the desired status
39a52d2c 504 if ( $opts{"-verbose"} >= 2
505 and !ref($opts{"-input"})
506 and $opts{"-output"} == \*STDOUT )
507 {
508 ## spit out the entire PODs. Might as well invoke perldoc
509 my $progpath = File::Spec->catfile($Config{bin}, "perldoc");
510 system($progpath, $opts{"-input"});
511 }
512 else {
513 $parser->parse_from_file($opts{"-input"}, $opts{"-output"});
514 }
515
516 exit($opts{"-exitval"}) unless (lc($opts{"-exitval"}) eq 'noexit');
360aca43 517}
518
519##---------------------------------------------------------------------------
520
521##-------------------------------
522## Method definitions begin here
523##-------------------------------
524
525sub new {
526 my $this = shift;
527 my $class = ref($this) || $this;
528 my %params = @_;
529 my $self = {%params};
530 bless $self, $class;
531 $self->initialize();
532 return $self;
533}
534
535sub begin_pod {
536 my $self = shift;
537 $self->SUPER::begin_pod(); ## Have to call superclass
538 my $msg = $self->{USAGE_OPTIONS}->{-message} or return 1;
539 my $out_fh = $self->output_handle();
540 print $out_fh "$msg\n";
541}
542
543sub preprocess_paragraph {
544 my $self = shift;
545 local $_ = shift;
546 my $line = shift;
547 ## See if this is a heading and we arent printing the entire manpage.
e9fdc7d2 548 if (($self->{USAGE_OPTIONS}->{-verbose} < 2) && /^=head/) {
360aca43 549 ## Change the title of the SYNOPSIS section to USAGE
e9fdc7d2 550 s/^=head1\s+SYNOPSIS\s*$/=head1 USAGE/;
360aca43 551 ## Try to do some lowercasing instead of all-caps in headings
552 s{([A-Z])([A-Z]+)}{((length($2) > 2) ? $1 : lc($1)) . lc($2)}ge;
553 ## Use a colon to end all headings
e9fdc7d2 554 s/\s*$/:/ unless (/:\s*$/);
360aca43 555 $_ .= "\n";
556 }
557 return $self->SUPER::preprocess_paragraph($_);
558}
559