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1 | package Package::Variant; |
2 | |
3 | use strictures 1; |
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4 | use Import::Into; |
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5 | use Module::Runtime qw(require_module); |
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6 | use Carp qw(croak); |
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7 | |
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8 | our $VERSION = '1.002000'; # 1.2.0 |
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9 | |
10 | $VERSION = eval $VERSION; |
11 | |
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12 | our %Variable; |
13 | |
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14 | my $sanitize_importing = sub { |
15 | my ($me, $spec) = @_; |
16 | return [] |
17 | unless defined $spec; |
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18 | my @specced = |
19 | not(ref $spec) |
20 | ? ($spec) |
21 | : (ref($spec) eq 'ARRAY') |
22 | ? (@$spec) |
23 | : (ref($spec) eq 'HASH') |
24 | ? (map { |
25 | croak qq{The import argument list for '$_' is not an array ref} |
26 | unless ref($spec->{$_}) eq 'ARRAY'; |
27 | ($_ => $spec->{$_}); |
28 | } sort keys %$spec) |
29 | : croak q{The 'importing' option has to be either a hash or array ref}; |
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30 | my @imports; |
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31 | my $arg_count = 1; |
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32 | while (@specced) { |
33 | my $key = shift @specced; |
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34 | croak qq{Value $arg_count in 'importing' is not a package string}, |
35 | $arg_count |
36 | unless defined($key) and not(ref $key); |
37 | $arg_count++; |
38 | my $import_args = |
39 | (not(@specced) or (defined($specced[0]) and not ref($specced[0]))) |
40 | ? [] |
41 | : (ref($specced[0]) eq 'ARRAY') |
42 | ? do { $arg_count++; shift @specced } |
43 | : croak( |
44 | qq{Value $arg_count for package '$key' in 'importing' is not} |
45 | . qq{ a package string or array ref} |
46 | ); |
47 | push @imports, [$key, $import_args]; |
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48 | } |
49 | return \@imports; |
50 | }; |
51 | |
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52 | my $sub_namer = eval { |
53 | require Sub::Name; sub { shift if @_ > 2; Sub::Name::subname(@_) } |
54 | } || sub { $_[-1] }; |
55 | |
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56 | sub import { |
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57 | my $variable = caller; |
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58 | my $me = shift; |
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59 | my $last = (split '::', $variable)[-1]; |
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60 | my $anon = 'A000'; |
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61 | my %args = @_; |
62 | no strict 'refs'; |
63 | $Variable{$variable} = { |
64 | anon => $anon, |
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65 | args => { |
66 | %args, |
67 | importing => $me->$sanitize_importing($args{importing}), |
68 | }, |
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69 | subs => { |
70 | map +($_ => sub {}), @{$args{subs}||[]}, |
71 | }, |
72 | }; |
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73 | *{"${variable}::import"} = sub { |
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74 | my $target = caller; |
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75 | my (undef, %arg) = @_; |
76 | my $as = defined($arg{as}) ? $arg{as} : $last; |
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77 | no strict 'refs'; |
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78 | *{"${target}::${as}"} = sub { |
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79 | $me->build_variant_of($variable, @_); |
80 | }; |
81 | }; |
82 | my $subs = $Variable{$variable}{subs}; |
83 | foreach my $name (keys %$subs) { |
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84 | *{"${variable}::${name}"} = sub { |
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85 | goto &{$subs->{$name}} |
86 | }; |
87 | } |
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88 | *{"${variable}::install"} = sub { |
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89 | goto &{$Variable{$variable}{install}}; |
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90 | }; |
91 | *{"${variable}::build_variant"} = sub { |
92 | shift; |
93 | $me->build_variant_of($variable, @_); |
94 | }; |
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95 | } |
96 | |
97 | sub build_variant_of { |
98 | my ($me, $variable, @args) = @_; |
99 | my $variant_name = "${variable}::_Variant_".++$Variable{$variable}{anon}; |
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100 | foreach my $to_import (@{$Variable{$variable}{args}{importing}}) { |
101 | my ($pkg, $args) = @$to_import; |
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102 | require_module $pkg; |
103 | eval q{ BEGIN { $pkg->import::into($variant_name, @{$args}) }; 1; } |
104 | or die $@; |
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105 | } |
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106 | my $subs = $Variable{$variable}{subs}; |
107 | local @{$subs}{keys %$subs} = map $variant_name->can($_), keys %$subs; |
108 | local $Variable{$variable}{install} = sub { |
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109 | my $full_name = "${variant_name}::".shift; |
110 | |
111 | my $ref = $sub_namer->($full_name, @_); |
112 | |
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113 | no strict 'refs'; |
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114 | *$full_name = $ref; |
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115 | }; |
116 | $variable->make_variant($variant_name, @args); |
117 | return $variant_name; |
118 | } |
119 | |
120 | 1; |
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121 | |
122 | __END__ |
123 | |
124 | =head1 NAME |
125 | |
126 | Package::Variant - Parameterizable packages |
127 | |
128 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
129 | |
130 | # declaring a variable Moo role |
131 | package My::Role::ObjectAttr; |
132 | use strictures 1; |
133 | use Package::Variant |
134 | # what modules to 'use' |
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135 | importing => ['Moo::Role'], |
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136 | # proxied subroutines |
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137 | subs => [ qw(has around before after with) ], |
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138 | |
139 | sub make_variant { |
140 | my ($class, $target_package, %arguments) = @_; |
141 | # access arguments |
142 | my $name = $arguments{name}; |
143 | # use proxied 'has' to add an attribute |
144 | has $name => (is => 'lazy'); |
145 | # install a builder method |
146 | install "_build_${name}" => sub { |
147 | return $arguments{class}->new; |
148 | }; |
149 | } |
150 | |
151 | # using the role |
152 | package My::Class::WithObjectAttr; |
153 | use strictures 1; |
154 | use Moo; |
155 | use My::Role::ObjectAttr; |
156 | |
157 | with ObjectAttr(name => 'some_obj', class => 'Some::Class'); |
158 | |
159 | # using our class |
160 | my $obj = My::Class::WithObjectAttr->new; |
161 | $obj->some_obj; # returns a Some::Class instance |
162 | |
163 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
164 | |
165 | This module allows you to build packages that return different variations |
166 | depending on what parameters are given. |
167 | |
168 | Users of your package will receive a subroutine able to take parameters |
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169 | and return the name of a suitable variant package. The implementation does |
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170 | not care about what kind of package it builds. |
171 | |
172 | =head2 Declaring a variable package |
173 | |
174 | There are two important parts to creating a variable package. You first |
175 | have to give C<Package::Variant> some basic information about what kind of |
176 | package you want to provide, and how. The second part is implementing a |
177 | method receiving the user's arguments and generating your variants. |
178 | |
179 | =head3 Setting up the environment for building variations |
180 | |
181 | When you C<use Package::Variant>, you pass along some arguments that |
182 | describe how you intend to build your variations. |
183 | |
184 | use Package::Variant |
185 | importing => { $package => \@import_arguments, ... }, |
186 | subs => [ @proxied_subroutine_names ]; |
187 | |
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188 | The L</importing> option needs to be a hash or array reference with |
189 | package names to be C<use>d as keys, and array references containing the |
190 | import arguments as values. These packages will be imported into every new |
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191 | variant, and need to set up every declarative subroutine you require to |
192 | build your variable package. The next option will allow you to use these |
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193 | functions. See L</importing> for more options. You can omit empty import |
194 | argument lists when passing an array reference. |
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195 | |
196 | The L</subs> option is an array reference of subroutine names that are |
197 | exported by the packages specified with L</importing>. These subroutines |
198 | will be proxied from your declaration package to the variant to be |
199 | generated. |
200 | |
201 | With L</importing> initializing your package and L</subs> declaring what |
202 | subroutines you want to use to build a variant, you can now write a |
203 | L</make_variant> method building your variants. |
204 | |
205 | =head3 Declaring a method to produce variants |
206 | |
207 | Every time a user requests a new variant a method named L</make_variant> |
208 | will be called with the name of the target package and the arguments from |
209 | the user. |
210 | |
211 | It can then use the proxied subroutines declared with L</subs> to |
212 | customize the new package. An L</install> subroutine is exported as well |
213 | allowing you to dynamically install methods into the new package. If these |
214 | options aren't flexible enough, you can use the passed name of the new |
215 | package to do any other kind of customizations. |
216 | |
217 | sub make_variant { |
218 | my ($class, $target, @arguments) = @_; |
219 | # ... |
220 | # customization goes here |
221 | # ... |
222 | } |
223 | |
224 | When the method is finished, the user will receive the name of the new |
225 | package variant you just set up. |
226 | |
227 | =head2 Using variable packages |
228 | |
229 | After your variable package is L<created|/Declaring a variable package> |
230 | your users can get a variant generating subroutine by simply importing |
231 | your package. |
232 | |
233 | use My::Variant; |
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234 | my $new_variant_package = Variant(@variant_arguments); |
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235 | |
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236 | The package is now fully initialized and used. You can import the |
237 | subroutine under a different name by specifying an C<as> argument. |
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238 | |
239 | =head2 Dynamic creation of variant packages |
240 | |
241 | For regular uses, the L<normal import|/Using variable packages> provides |
242 | more than enough flexibility. However, if you want to create variations of |
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243 | dynamically determined packages, you can use the L</build_variant_of> |
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244 | method. |
245 | |
246 | You can use this to create variations of other packages and pass arguments |
247 | on to them to allow more modular and extensible variations. |
248 | |
249 | =head1 OPTIONS |
250 | |
251 | These are the options that can be passed when importing |
252 | C<Package::Variant>. They describe the environment in which the variants |
253 | are created. |
254 | |
255 | use Package::Variant |
256 | importing => { $package => \@import_arguments, ... }, |
257 | subs => [ @proxied_subroutines ]; |
258 | |
259 | =head2 importing |
260 | |
261 | This option is a hash reference mapping package names to array references |
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262 | containing import arguments. The packages will be imported with the given |
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263 | arguments by every variation before the L</make_variant> method is asked |
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264 | to create the package (this is done using L<Import::Into>). |
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265 | |
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266 | If import order is important to you, you can also pass the C<importing> |
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267 | arguments as a flat array reference: |
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268 | |
269 | use Package::Variant |
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270 | importing => [ 'PackageA', 'PackageB' ]; |
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271 | |
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272 | # same as |
273 | use Package::Variant |
274 | importing => [ 'PackageA' => [], 'PackageB' => [] ]; |
275 | |
276 | # or |
277 | use Package::Variant |
278 | importing => { 'PackageA' => [], 'PackageB' => [] }; |
279 | |
280 | The import method will be called even if the list of import arguments is |
281 | empty or not specified, |
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282 | |
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283 | If you just want to import a single package's default exports, you can |
284 | also pass a string instead: |
285 | |
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286 | use Package::Variant importing => 'Package'; |
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287 | |
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288 | =head2 subs |
289 | |
290 | An array reference of strings listing the names of subroutines that should |
291 | be proxied. These subroutines are expected to be installed into the new |
292 | variant package by the modules imported with L</importing>. Subroutines |
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293 | with the same name will be available in your declaration package, and will |
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294 | proxy through to the newly created package when used within |
295 | L</make_variant>. |
296 | |
297 | =head1 VARIABLE PACKAGE METHODS |
298 | |
299 | These are methods on the variable package you declare when you import |
300 | C<Package::Variant>. |
301 | |
302 | =head2 make_variant |
303 | |
304 | Some::Variant::Package->make_variant( $target, @arguments ); |
305 | |
306 | B<You need to provide this method.> This method will be called for every |
307 | new variant of your package. This method should use the subroutines |
308 | declared in L</subs> to customize the new variant package. |
309 | |
310 | This is a class method receiving the C<$target> package and the |
311 | C<@arguments> defining the requested variant. |
312 | |
313 | =head2 import |
314 | |
315 | use Some::Variant::Package; |
316 | my $variant_package = Package( @arguments ); |
317 | |
318 | This method is provided for you. It will allow a user to C<use> your |
319 | package and receive a subroutine taking C<@arguments> defining the variant |
320 | and returning the name of the newly created variant package. |
321 | |
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322 | The following options can be specified when importing: |
323 | |
324 | =over |
325 | |
326 | =item * B<as> |
327 | |
328 | use Some::Variant::Package as => 'Foo'; |
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329 | my $variant_package = Foo(@arguments); |
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330 | |
331 | Exports the generator subroutine under a different name than the default. |
332 | |
333 | =back |
334 | |
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335 | =head2 build_variant |
336 | |
337 | use Some::Variant::Package (); |
338 | my $variant_package = Some::Variant::Package->build_variant( @arguments ); |
339 | |
340 | This method is provided for you. It will generate a variant package |
341 | and return its name, just like the generator sub provided by |
342 | L</import>. This allows you to avoid importing anything into the |
343 | consuming package. |
344 | |
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345 | =head1 C<Package::Variant> METHODS |
346 | |
347 | These methods are available on C<Package::Variant> itself. |
348 | |
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349 | =head2 build_variant_of |
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350 | |
351 | my $variant_package = Package::Variant |
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352 | ->build_variant_of($variable_package, @arguments); |
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353 | |
354 | This is the dynamic method of creating new variants. It takes the |
355 | C<$variable_package>, which is a pre-declared variable package, and a set |
356 | of C<@arguments> passed to the package to generate a new |
357 | C<$variant_package>, which will be returned. |
358 | |
359 | =head2 import |
360 | |
361 | use Package::Variant @options; |
362 | |
363 | Sets up the environment in which you declare the variants of your |
364 | packages. See L</OPTIONS> for details on the available options and |
365 | L</EXPORTS> for a list of exported subroutines. |
366 | |
367 | =head1 EXPORTS |
368 | |
369 | Additionally to the proxies for subroutines provided in L</subs>, the |
370 | following exports will be available in your variable package: |
371 | |
372 | =head2 install |
373 | |
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374 | install($method_name, $code_reference); |
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375 | |
376 | Installs a method with the given C<$method_name> into the newly created |
377 | variant package. The C<$code_reference> will be used as the body for the |
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378 | method, and if L<Sub::Name> is available the coderef will be named. If you |
379 | want to name it something else, then use: |
380 | |
381 | install($method_name, $name_to_use, $code_reference); |
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382 | |
383 | =head1 AUTHOR |
384 | |
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385 | mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk> |
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386 | |
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387 | =head1 CONTRIBUTORS |
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388 | |
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389 | phaylon - Robert Sedlacek (cpan:PHAYLON) <r.sedlacek@shadowcat.co.uk> |
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390 | |
391 | =head1 COPYRIGHT |
392 | |
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393 | Copyright (c) 2010-2012 the C<Package::Variant> L</AUTHOR> and |
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394 | L</CONTRIBUTORS> as listed above. |
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395 | |
396 | =head1 LICENSE |
397 | |
398 | This library is free software and may be distributed under the same |
399 | terms as perl itself. |
400 | |
401 | =cut |