[p5sagit/JSON-MaybeXS.git] / lib / JSON / MaybeXS.pm

package JSON::MaybeXS;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use base qw(Exporter);

our $VERSION = '1.003010';
$VERSION = eval $VERSION;

sub _choose_json_module {
    return 'Cpanel::JSON::XS' if $INC{'Cpanel/JSON/XS.pm'};
    return 'JSON::XS'         if $INC{'JSON/XS.pm'};

    my @err;

    return 'Cpanel::JSON::XS' if eval { require Cpanel::JSON::XS; 1; };
    push @err, "Error loading Cpanel::JSON::XS: $@";

    return 'JSON::XS' if eval { require JSON::XS; 1; };
    push @err, "Error loading JSON::XS: $@";

    return 'JSON::PP' if eval { require JSON::PP; 1 };
    push @err, "Error loading JSON::PP: $@";

    die join( "\n", "Couldn't load a JSON module:", @err );

}

BEGIN {
    our $JSON_Class = _choose_json_module();
    $JSON_Class->import(qw(encode_json decode_json));
}

our @EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json JSON);
my @EXPORT_ALL = qw(is_bool);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(is_bool to_json from_json);
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( all => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_ALL ],
                     legacy => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK ],
                   );

sub JSON () { our $JSON_Class }

sub new {
  shift;
  my %args = @_ == 1 ? %{$_[0]} : @_;
  my $new = (our $JSON_Class)->new;
  $new->$_($args{$_}) for keys %args;
  return $new;
}

use Scalar::Util ();

sub is_bool {
  die 'is_bool is not a method' if $_[1];

  Scalar::Util::blessed($_[0])
    and ($_[0]->isa('JSON::XS::Boolean')
      or $_[0]->isa('Cpanel::JSON::XS::Boolean')
      or $_[0]->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'));
}

# (mostly) CopyPasta from JSON.pm version 2.90
use Carp ();

sub from_json ($@) {
    if ( ref($_[0]) =~ /^JSON/ or $_[0] =~ /^JSON/ ) {
        Carp::croak "from_json should not be called as a method.";
    }
    my $json = JSON()->new;

    if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
        my $opt  = $_[1];
        for my $method (keys %$opt) {
            $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
        }
    }

    return $json->decode( $_[0] );
}

sub to_json ($@) {
    if (
        ref($_[0]) =~ /^JSON/
        or (@_ > 2 and $_[0] =~ /^JSON/)
          ) {
               Carp::croak "to_json should not be called as a method.";
    }
    my $json = JSON()->new;

    if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
        my $opt  = $_[1];
        for my $method (keys %$opt) {
            $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
        }
    }

    $json->encode($_[0]);
}

1;

=head1 NAME

JSON::MaybeXS - Use L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> with a fallback to L<JSON::XS> and L<JSON::PP>

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  use JSON::MaybeXS;

  my $data_structure = decode_json($json_input);

  my $json_output = encode_json($data_structure);

  my $json = JSON()->new;

  my $json_with_args = JSON::MaybeXS->new(utf8 => 1); # or { utf8 => 1 }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module first checks to see if either L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> or
L<JSON::XS> is already loaded, in which case it uses that module. Otherwise
it tries to load L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, then L<JSON::XS>, then L<JSON::PP>
in order, and either uses the first module it finds or throws an error.

It then exports the C<encode_json> and C<decode_json> functions from the
loaded module, along with a C<JSON> constant that returns the class name
for calling C<new> on.

If you're writing fresh code rather than replacing L<JSON.pm|JSON> usage, you might
want to pass options as constructor args rather than calling mutators, so
we provide our own C<new> method that supports that.

=head1 EXPORTS

C<encode_json>, C<decode_json> and C<JSON> are exported by default; C<is_bool>
is exported on request.

To import only some symbols, specify them on the C<use> line:

  use JSON::MaybeXS qw(encode_json decode_json is_bool); # functions only

  use JSON::MaybeXS qw(JSON); # JSON constant only

To import all available sensible symbols (C<encode_json>, C<decode_json>, and
C<is_bool>), use C<:all>:

  use JSON::MaybeXS ':all';

To import all symbols including those needed by legacy apps that use L<JSON::PP>:

  use JSON::MaybeXS ':legacy';

This imports the C<to_json> and C<from_json> symbols as well as everything in
C<:all>.  NOTE: This is to support legacy code that makes extensive
use of C<to_json> and C<from_json> which you are not yet in a position to
refactor.  DO NOT use this import tag in new code, in order to avoid
the crawling horrors of getting UTF-8 support subtly wrong.  See the
documentation for L<JSON> for further details.

=head2 encode_json

This is the C<encode_json> function provided by the selected implementation
module, and takes a perl data structure which is serialised to JSON text.

  my $json_text = encode_json($data_structure);

=head2 decode_json

This is the C<decode_json> function provided by the selected implementation
module, and takes a string of JSON text to deserialise to a perl data structure.

  my $data_structure = decode_json($json_text);

=head2 to_json, from_json

See L<JSON> for details.  These are included to support legacy code
B<only>.

=head2 JSON

The C<JSON> constant returns the selected implementation module's name for
use as a class name - so:

  my $json_obj = JSON()->new; # returns a Cpanel::JSON::XS or JSON::PP object

and that object can then be used normally:

  my $data_structure = $json_obj->decode($json_text); # etc.

The use of parentheses here is optional, and only used as a hint to the reader
that this use of C<JSON> is a I<subroutine> call, I<not> a class name.

=head2 is_bool

  $is_boolean = is_bool($scalar)

Returns true if the passed scalar represents either C<true> or
C<false>, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0>, respectively
and are used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> values in Perl.

Since this is a bare sub in the various backend classes, it cannot be called as
a class method like the other interfaces; it must be called as a function, with
no invocant.  It supports the representation used in all JSON backends.

=head1 CONSTRUCTOR

=head2 new

With L<JSON::PP>, L<JSON::XS> and L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> you are required to call
mutators to set options, such as:

  my $json = $class->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1);

Since this is a trifle irritating and noticeably un-perlish, we also offer:

  my $json = JSON::MaybeXS->new(utf8 => 1, pretty => 1);

which works equivalently to the above (and in the usual tradition will accept
a hashref instead of a hash, should you so desire).

The resulting object is blessed into the underlying backend, which offers (at
least) the methods C<encode> and C<decode>.

=head1 BOOLEANS

To include JSON-aware booleans (C<true>, C<false>) in your data, just do:

    use JSON::MaybeXS;
    my $true = JSON()->true;
    my $false = JSON()->false;

=head1 CONVERTING FROM JSON::Any

L<JSON::Any> used to be the favoured compatibility layer above the various
JSON backends, but over time has grown a lot of extra code to deal with legacy
backends (e.g. L<JSON::Syck>) that are no longer needed.  This is a rough guide of translating such code:

Change code from:

    use JSON::Any;
    my $json = JSON::Any->new->objToJson($data);    # or to_json($data), or Dump($data)

to:

    use JSON::MaybeXS;
    my $json = encode_json($data);


Change code from:

    use JSON::Any;
    my $data = JSON::Any->new->jsonToObj($json);    # or from_json($json), or Load($json)

to:

    use JSON::MaybeXS;
    my $json = decode_json($data);

=head1 CAVEATS

The C<new()> method in this module is technically a factory, not a
constructor, because the objects it returns will I<NOT> be blessed into the
C<JSON::MaybeXS> class.

If you are using an object returned by this module as a Moo(se) attribute,
this type constraint code:

    is 'json' => ( isa => 'JSON::MaybeXS' );

will I<NOT> do what you expect. Instead, either rely on the C<JSON> class
constant described above, as so:

    is 'json' => ( isa => JSON::MaybeXS::JSON() );

Alternatively, you can use duck typing:

    use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints 'duck_type';
    is 'json' => ( isa => Object , duck_type([qw/ encode decode /]));

=head1 INSTALLATION

At installation time, F<Makefile.PL> will attempt to determine if you have a
working compiler available, and therefore whether you are able to run XS code.
If so, L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> will be added to the prerequisite list, unless
L<JSON::XS> is already installed at a high enough version. L<JSON::XS> may
also be upgraded to fix any incompatibility issues.

Because running XS code is not mandatory and L<JSON::PP> (which is in perl
core) is used as a fallback backend, this module is safe to be used in a suite
of code that is fatpacked or installed into a restricted-resource environment.

You can also prevent any XS dependencies from being installed by setting
C<PUREPERL_ONLY=1> in F<Makefile.PL> options (or in the C<PERL_MM_OPT>
environment variable), or using the C<--pp> or C<--pureperl> flags with the
L<cpanminus client|cpanm>.

=head1 AUTHOR

mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>

=head1 CONTRIBUTORS

=over 4

=item * Clinton Gormley <drtech@cpan.org>

=item * Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>

=item * Kieren Diment <diment@gmail.com>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2013 the C<JSON::MaybeXS> L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
as listed above.

=head1 LICENSE

This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms
as perl itself.

=cut
Commit	Line	Data
3be1e192	1	package JSON::MaybeXS;
	2
	3	use strict;
	4	use warnings FATAL => 'all';
	5	use base qw(Exporter);
	6
86e63196	7	our $VERSION = '1.003010';
c397f194	8	$VERSION = eval $VERSION;
44459f01	9
16205c4a	10	sub _choose_json_module {
	11	return 'Cpanel::JSON::XS' if $INC{'Cpanel/JSON/XS.pm'};
	12	return 'JSON::XS' if $INC{'JSON/XS.pm'};
3be1e192	13
16205c4a	14	my @err;
3be1e192	15
16205c4a	16	return 'Cpanel::JSON::XS' if eval { require Cpanel::JSON::XS; 1; };
3be1e192	17	push @err, "Error loading Cpanel::JSON::XS: $@";
16205c4a	18
	19	return 'JSON::XS' if eval { require JSON::XS; 1; };
	20	push @err, "Error loading JSON::XS: $@";
	21
	22	return 'JSON::PP' if eval { require JSON::PP; 1 };
	23	push @err, "Error loading JSON::PP: $@";
	24
	25	die join( "\n", "Couldn't load a JSON module:", @err );
	26
	27	}
	28
	29	BEGIN {
	30	our $JSON_Class = _choose_json_module();
	31	$JSON_Class->import(qw(encode_json decode_json));
3be1e192	32	}
	33
	34	our @EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json JSON);
c397f194	35	my @EXPORT_ALL = qw(is_bool);
ebf1e433	36	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(is_bool to_json from_json);
c397f194	37	our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( all => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_ALL ],
	38	legacy => [ @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK ],
	39	);
3be1e192	40
	41	sub JSON () { our $JSON_Class }
	42
939f9a29	43	sub new {
	44	shift;
	45	my %args = @_ == 1 ? %{$_[0]} : @_;
	46	my $new = (our $JSON_Class)->new;
	47	$new->$_($args{$_}) for keys %args;
	48	return $new;
	49	}
	50
8e911b7e	51	use Scalar::Util ();
1ca3b561	52
	53	sub is_bool {
	54	die 'is_bool is not a method' if $_[1];
	55
8e911b7e	56	Scalar::Util::blessed($_[0])
8e911b7e	57	and ($_[0]->isa('JSON::XS::Boolean')
4879506d	58	or $_[0]->isa('Cpanel::JSON::XS::Boolean')
8e911b7e	59	or $_[0]->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'));
1ca3b561	60	}
1ca3b561	61
c397f194	62	# (mostly) CopyPasta from JSON.pm version 2.90
c397f194	63	use Carp ();
ebf1e433	64
ebf1e433	65	sub from_json ($@) {
c397f194	66	if ( ref($_[0]) =~ /^JSON/ or $_[0] =~ /^JSON/ ) {
ebf1e433	67	Carp::croak "from_json should not be called as a method.";
ebf1e433	68	}
c397f194	69	my $json = JSON()->new;
ebf1e433	70
	71	if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
	72	my $opt = $_[1];
	73	for my $method (keys %$opt) {
	74	$json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
	75	}
	76	}
	77
	78	return $json->decode( $_[0] );
	79	}
	80
	81	sub to_json ($@) {
	82	if (
c397f194	83	ref($_[0]) =~ /^JSON/
c397f194	84	or (@_ > 2 and $_[0] =~ /^JSON/)
ebf1e433	85	) {
	86	Carp::croak "to_json should not be called as a method.";
	87	}
c397f194	88	my $json = JSON()->new;
ebf1e433	89
	90	if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
	91	my $opt = $_[1];
	92	for my $method (keys %$opt) {
	93	$json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
	94	}
	95	}
	96
	97	$json->encode($_[0]);
	98	}
	99
3be1e192	100	1;
44459f01	101
	102	=head1 NAME
	103
c95d7d54	104	JSON::MaybeXS - Use L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> with a fallback to L<JSON::XS> and L<JSON::PP>
44459f01	105
	106	=head1 SYNOPSIS
	107
	108	use JSON::MaybeXS;
	109
	110	my $data_structure = decode_json($json_input);
	111
	112	my $json_output = encode_json($data_structure);
	113
20f884e2	114	my $json = JSON()->new;
44459f01	115
939f9a29	116	my $json_with_args = JSON::MaybeXS->new(utf8 => 1); # or { utf8 => 1 }
939f9a29	117
44459f01	118	=head1 DESCRIPTION
44459f01	119
16205c4a	120	This module first checks to see if either L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> or
	121	L<JSON::XS> is already loaded, in which case it uses that module. Otherwise
	122	it tries to load L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, then L<JSON::XS>, then L<JSON::PP>
	123	in order, and either uses the first module it finds or throws an error.
44459f01	124
	125	It then exports the C<encode_json> and C<decode_json> functions from the
	126	loaded module, along with a C<JSON> constant that returns the class name
	127	for calling C<new> on.
	128
5c581075	129	If you're writing fresh code rather than replacing L<JSON.pm\|JSON> usage, you might
939f9a29	130	want to pass options as constructor args rather than calling mutators, so
	131	we provide our own C<new> method that supports that.
	132
44459f01	133	=head1 EXPORTS
44459f01	134
1ca3b561	135	C<encode_json>, C<decode_json> and C<JSON> are exported by default; C<is_bool>
1ca3b561	136	is exported on request.
44459f01	137
	138	To import only some symbols, specify them on the C<use> line:
	139
1ca3b561	140	use JSON::MaybeXS qw(encode_json decode_json is_bool); # functions only
44459f01	141
	142	use JSON::MaybeXS qw(JSON); # JSON constant only
	143
c397f194	144	To import all available sensible symbols (C<encode_json>, C<decode_json>, and
c397f194	145	C<is_bool>), use C<:all>:
bf8dbbe1	146
	147	use JSON::MaybeXS ':all';
	148
c397f194	149	To import all symbols including those needed by legacy apps that use L<JSON::PP>:
ebf1e433	150
	151	use JSON::MaybeXS ':legacy';
	152
c397f194	153	This imports the C<to_json> and C<from_json> symbols as well as everything in
	154	C<:all>. NOTE: This is to support legacy code that makes extensive
	155	use of C<to_json> and C<from_json> which you are not yet in a position to
ebf1e433	156	refactor. DO NOT use this import tag in new code, in order to avoid
78464170	157	the crawling horrors of getting UTF-8 support subtly wrong. See the
ebf1e433	158	documentation for L<JSON> for further details.
ebf1e433	159
44459f01	160	=head2 encode_json
	161
	162	This is the C<encode_json> function provided by the selected implementation
0629a8af	163	module, and takes a perl data structure which is serialised to JSON text.
44459f01	164
	165	my $json_text = encode_json($data_structure);
	166
	167	=head2 decode_json
	168
	169	This is the C<decode_json> function provided by the selected implementation
	170	module, and takes a string of JSON text to deserialise to a perl data structure.
	171
	172	my $data_structure = decode_json($json_text);
	173
ebf1e433	174	=head2 to_json, from_json
ebf1e433	175
c397f194	176	See L<JSON> for details. These are included to support legacy code
ebf1e433	177	B<only>.
ebf1e433	178
44459f01	179	=head2 JSON
	180
	181	The C<JSON> constant returns the selected implementation module's name for
	182	use as a class name - so:
	183
20f884e2	184	my $json_obj = JSON()->new; # returns a Cpanel::JSON::XS or JSON::PP object
44459f01	185
	186	and that object can then be used normally:
	187
	188	my $data_structure = $json_obj->decode($json_text); # etc.
	189
20f884e2	190	The use of parentheses here is optional, and only used as a hint to the reader
	191	that this use of C<JSON> is a I<subroutine> call, I<not> a class name.
	192
1ca3b561	193	=head2 is_bool
	194
	195	$is_boolean = is_bool($scalar)
	196
	197	Returns true if the passed scalar represents either C<true> or
	198	C<false>, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0>, respectively
	199	and are used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> values in Perl.
	200
	201	Since this is a bare sub in the various backend classes, it cannot be called as
	202	a class method like the other interfaces; it must be called as a function, with
	203	no invocant. It supports the representation used in all JSON backends.
	204
939f9a29	205	=head1 CONSTRUCTOR
	206
	207	=head2 new
	208
16205c4a	209	With L<JSON::PP>, L<JSON::XS> and L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> you are required to call
3c38e105	210	mutators to set options, such as:
939f9a29	211
	212	my $json = $class->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1);
	213
	214	Since this is a trifle irritating and noticeably un-perlish, we also offer:
	215
	216	my $json = JSON::MaybeXS->new(utf8 => 1, pretty => 1);
	217
	218	which works equivalently to the above (and in the usual tradition will accept
	219	a hashref instead of a hash, should you so desire).
	220
590077bd	221	The resulting object is blessed into the underlying backend, which offers (at
	222	least) the methods C<encode> and C<decode>.
	223
32af371c	224	=head1 BOOLEANS
	225
	226	To include JSON-aware booleans (C<true>, C<false>) in your data, just do:
	227
	228	use JSON::MaybeXS;
20f884e2	229	my $true = JSON()->true;
20f884e2	230	my $false = JSON()->false;
32af371c	231
61f129a5	232	=head1 CONVERTING FROM JSON::Any
	233
	234	L<JSON::Any> used to be the favoured compatibility layer above the various
	235	JSON backends, but over time has grown a lot of extra code to deal with legacy
	236	backends (e.g. L<JSON::Syck>) that are no longer needed. This is a rough guide of translating such code:
	237
	238	Change code from:
	239
	240	use JSON::Any;
	241	my $json = JSON::Any->new->objToJson($data); # or to_json($data), or Dump($data)
	242
	243	to:
	244
	245	use JSON::MaybeXS;
	246	my $json = encode_json($data);
	247
	248
	249	Change code from:
	250
	251	use JSON::Any;
	252	my $data = JSON::Any->new->jsonToObj($json); # or from_json($json), or Load($json)
	253
	254	to:
	255
	256	use JSON::MaybeXS;
	257	my $json = decode_json($data);
	258
06551ef5	259	=head1 CAVEATS
	260
	261	The C<new()> method in this module is technically a factory, not a
	262	constructor, because the objects it returns will I<NOT> be blessed into the
	263	C<JSON::MaybeXS> class.
	264
	265	If you are using an object returned by this module as a Moo(se) attribute,
	266	this type constraint code:
	267
	268	is 'json' => ( isa => 'JSON::MaybeXS' );
	269
	270	will I<NOT> do what you expect. Instead, either rely on the C<JSON> class
	271	constant described above, as so:
	272
	273	is 'json' => ( isa => JSON::MaybeXS::JSON() );
	274
	275	Alternatively, you can use duck typing:
	276
5bbc5b59	277	use Moose::Util::TypeConstraints 'duck_type';
06551ef5	278	is 'json' => ( isa => Object , duck_type([qw/ encode decode /]));
06551ef5	279
50a44e81	280	=head1 INSTALLATION
	281
	282	At installation time, F<Makefile.PL> will attempt to determine if you have a
	283	working compiler available, and therefore whether you are able to run XS code.
	284	If so, L<Cpanel::JSON::XS> will be added to the prerequisite list, unless
	285	L<JSON::XS> is already installed at a high enough version. L<JSON::XS> may
	286	also be upgraded to fix any incompatibility issues.
	287
	288	Because running XS code is not mandatory and L<JSON::PP> (which is in perl
	289	core) is used as a fallback backend, this module is safe to be used in a suite
	290	of code that is fatpacked or installed into a restricted-resource environment.
	291
	292	You can also prevent any XS dependencies from being installed by setting
	293	C<PUREPERL_ONLY=1> in F<Makefile.PL> options (or in the C<PERL_MM_OPT>
	294	environment variable), or using the C<--pp> or C<--pureperl> flags with the
	295	L<cpanminus client\|cpanm>.
	296
44459f01	297	=head1 AUTHOR
	298
	299	mst - Matt S. Trout (cpan:MSTROUT) <mst@shadowcat.co.uk>
	300
	301	=head1 CONTRIBUTORS
	302
0c45c84c	303	=over 4
	304
	305	=item * Clinton Gormley <drtech@cpan.org>
	306
	307	=item * Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>
	308
c397f194	309	=item * Kieren Diment <diment@gmail.com>
c397f194	310
0c45c84c	311	=back
44459f01	312
	313	=head1 COPYRIGHT
	314
	315	Copyright (c) 2013 the C<JSON::MaybeXS> L</AUTHOR> and L</CONTRIBUTORS>
	316	as listed above.
	317
	318	=head1 LICENSE
	319
	320	This library is free software and may be distributed under the same terms
	321	as perl itself.
	322
	323	=cut