[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / lib / ExtUtils / MM_VMS.pm

#   MM_VMS.pm
#   MakeMaker default methods for VMS
#
#   Author:  Charles Bailey  bailey@newman.upenn.edu

package ExtUtils::MM_VMS;

use strict;

use Config;
require Exporter;

BEGIN {
    # so we can compile the thing on non-VMS platforms.
    if( $^O eq 'VMS' ) {
        require VMS::Filespec;
        VMS::Filespec->import;
    }
}

use File::Basename;
use vars qw($Revision @ISA $VERSION);
($VERSION) = '5.68';
($Revision) = q$Revision: 1.104 $ =~ /Revision:\s+(\S+)/;

require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
@ISA = qw( ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::MM_Unix );

use ExtUtils::MakeMaker qw($Verbose neatvalue);


=head1 NAME

ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  Do not use this directly.
  Instead, use ExtUtils::MM and it will figure out which MM_*
  class to use for you.

=head1 DESCRIPTION

See ExtUtils::MM_Unix for a documentation of the methods provided
there. This package overrides the implementation of these methods, not
the semantics.

=head2 Methods always loaded

=over 4

=item wraplist

Converts a list into a string wrapped at approximately 80 columns.

=cut

sub wraplist {
    my($self) = shift;
    my($line,$hlen) = ('',0);

    foreach my $word (@_) {
      # Perl bug -- seems to occasionally insert extra elements when
      # traversing array (scalar(@array) doesn't show them, but
      # foreach(@array) does) (5.00307)
      next unless $word =~ /\w/;
      $line .= ' ' if length($line);
      if ($hlen > 80) { $line .= "\\\n\t"; $hlen = 0; }
      $line .= $word;
      $hlen += length($word) + 2;
    }
    $line;
}


# This isn't really an override.  It's just here because ExtUtils::MM_VMS
# appears in @MM::ISA before ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid, so if there isn't an ext()
# in MM_VMS, then AUTOLOAD is called, and bad things happen.  So, we just
# mimic inheritance here and hand off to ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid.
# XXX This hackery will die soon. --Schwern
sub ext {
    require ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid;
    goto &ExtUtils::Liblist::Kid::ext;
}

=back

=head2 Methods

Those methods which override default MM_Unix methods are marked
"(override)", while methods unique to MM_VMS are marked "(specific)".
For overridden methods, documentation is limited to an explanation
of why this method overrides the MM_Unix method; see the ExtUtils::MM_Unix
documentation for more details.

=over 4

=item guess_name (override)

Try to determine name of extension being built.  We begin with the name
of the current directory.  Since VMS filenames are case-insensitive,
however, we look for a F<.pm> file whose name matches that of the current
directory (presumably the 'main' F<.pm> file for this extension), and try
to find a C<package> statement from which to obtain the Mixed::Case
package name.

=cut

sub guess_name {
    my($self) = @_;
    my($defname,$defpm,@pm,%xs,$pm);
    local *PM;

    $defname = basename(fileify($ENV{'DEFAULT'}));
    $defname =~ s![\d\-_]*\.dir.*$!!;  # Clip off .dir;1 suffix, and package version
    $defpm = $defname;
    # Fallback in case for some reason a user has copied the files for an
    # extension into a working directory whose name doesn't reflect the
    # extension's name.  We'll use the name of a unique .pm file, or the
    # first .pm file with a matching .xs file.
    if (not -e "${defpm}.pm") {
      @pm = map { s/.pm$//; $_ } glob('*.pm');
      if (@pm == 1) { ($defpm = $pm[0]) =~ s/.pm$//; }
      elsif (@pm) {
        %xs = map { s/.xs$//; ($_,1) } glob('*.xs');
        if (keys %xs) { 
            foreach $pm (@pm) { 
                $defpm = $pm, last if exists $xs{$pm}; 
            } 
        }
      }
    }
    if (open(PM,"${defpm}.pm")){
        while (<PM>) {
            if (/^\s*package\s+([^;]+)/i) {
                $defname = $1;
                last;
            }
        }
        print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Couldn't find package name in ${defpm}.pm;\n\t",
                     "defaulting package name to $defname\n"
            if eof(PM);
        close PM;
    }
    else {
        print STDOUT "Warning (non-fatal): Couldn't find ${defpm}.pm;\n\t",
                     "defaulting package name to $defname\n";
    }
    $defname =~ s#[\d.\-_]+$##;
    $defname;
}

=item find_perl (override)

Use VMS file specification syntax and CLI commands to find and
invoke Perl images.

=cut

sub find_perl {
    my($self, $ver, $names, $dirs, $trace) = @_;
    my($name,$dir,$vmsfile,@sdirs,@snames,@cand);
    my($rslt);
    my($inabs) = 0;
    local *TCF;
    # Check in relative directories first, so we pick up the current
    # version of Perl if we're running MakeMaker as part of the main build.
    @sdirs = sort { my($absa) = $self->file_name_is_absolute($a);
                    my($absb) = $self->file_name_is_absolute($b);
                    if ($absa && $absb) { return $a cmp $b }
                    else { return $absa ? 1 : ($absb ? -1 : ($a cmp $b)); }
                  } @$dirs;
    # Check miniperl before perl, and check names likely to contain
    # version numbers before "generic" names, so we pick up an
    # executable that's less likely to be from an old installation.
    @snames = sort { my($ba) = $a =~ m!([^:>\]/]+)$!;  # basename
                     my($bb) = $b =~ m!([^:>\]/]+)$!;
                     my($ahasdir) = (length($a) - length($ba) > 0);
                     my($bhasdir) = (length($b) - length($bb) > 0);
                     if    ($ahasdir and not $bhasdir) { return 1; }
                     elsif ($bhasdir and not $ahasdir) { return -1; }
                     else { $bb =~ /\d/ <=> $ba =~ /\d/
                            or substr($ba,0,1) cmp substr($bb,0,1)
                            or length($bb) <=> length($ba) } } @$names;
    # Image names containing Perl version use '_' instead of '.' under VMS
    foreach $name (@snames) { $name =~ s/\.(\d+)$/_$1/; }
    if ($trace >= 2){
	print "Looking for perl $ver by these names:\n";
	print "\t@snames,\n";
	print "in these dirs:\n";
	print "\t@sdirs\n";
    }
    foreach $dir (@sdirs){
	next unless defined $dir; # $self->{PERL_SRC} may be undefined
	$inabs++ if $self->file_name_is_absolute($dir);
	if ($inabs == 1) {
	    # We've covered relative dirs; everything else is an absolute
	    # dir (probably an installed location).  First, we'll try potential
	    # command names, to see whether we can avoid a long MCR expression.
	    foreach $name (@snames) { push(@cand,$name) if $name =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/; }
	    $inabs++; # Should happen above in next $dir, but just in case . . .
	}
	foreach $name (@snames){
	    if ($name !~ m![/:>\]]!) { push(@cand,$self->catfile($dir,$name)); }
	    else                     { push(@cand,$self->fixpath($name,0));    }
	}
    }
    foreach $name (@cand) {
	print "Checking $name\n" if ($trace >= 2);
	# If it looks like a potential command, try it without the MCR
        if ($name =~ /^[\w\-\$]+$/) {
            open(TCF,">temp_mmvms.com") || die('unable to open temp file');
            print TCF "\$ set message/nofacil/nosever/noident/notext\n";
            print TCF "\$ $name -e \"require $ver; print \"\"VER_OK\\n\"\"\"\n";
            close TCF;
            $rslt = `\@temp_mmvms.com` ;
            unlink('temp_mmvms.com');
            if ($rslt =~ /VER_OK/) {
                print "Using PERL=$name\n" if $trace;
                return $name;
            }
        }
	next unless $vmsfile = $self->maybe_command($name);
	$vmsfile =~ s/;[\d\-]*$//;  # Clip off version number; we can use a newer version as well
	print "Executing $vmsfile\n" if ($trace >= 2);
        open(TCF,">temp_mmvms.com") || die('unable to open temp file');
        print TCF "\$ set message/nofacil/nosever/noident/notext\n";
        print TCF "\$ mcr $vmsfile -e \"require $ver; print \"\"VER_OK\\n\"\"\" \n";
        close TCF;
        $rslt = `\@temp_mmvms.com`;
        unlink('temp_mmvms.com');
        if ($rslt =~ /VER_OK/) {
	    print "Using PERL=MCR $vmsfile\n" if $trace;
	    return "MCR $vmsfile";
	}
    }
    print STDOUT "Unable to find a perl $ver (by these names: @$names, in these dirs: @$dirs)\n";
    0; # false and not empty
}

=item maybe_command (override)

Follows VMS naming conventions for executable files.
If the name passed in doesn't exactly match an executable file,
appends F<.Exe> (or equivalent) to check for executable image, and F<.Com>
to check for DCL procedure.  If this fails, checks directories in DCL$PATH
and finally F<Sys$System:> for an executable file having the name specified,
with or without the F<.Exe>-equivalent suffix.

=cut

sub maybe_command {
    my($self,$file) = @_;
    return $file if -x $file && ! -d _;
    my(@dirs) = ('');
    my(@exts) = ('',$Config{'exe_ext'},'.exe','.com');
    my($dir,$ext);
    if ($file !~ m![/:>\]]!) {
	for (my $i = 0; defined $ENV{"DCL\$PATH;$i"}; $i++) {
	    $dir = $ENV{"DCL\$PATH;$i"};
	    $dir .= ':' unless $dir =~ m%[\]:]$%;
	    push(@dirs,$dir);
	}
	push(@dirs,'Sys$System:');
	foreach $dir (@dirs) {
	    my $sysfile = "$dir$file";
	    foreach $ext (@exts) {
		return $file if -x "$sysfile$ext" && ! -d _;
	    }
	}
    }
    return 0;
}

=item perl_script (override)

If name passed in doesn't specify a readable file, appends F<.com> or
F<.pl> and tries again, since it's customary to have file types on all files
under VMS.

=cut

sub perl_script {
    my($self,$file) = @_;
    return $file if -r $file && ! -d _;
    return "$file.com" if -r "$file.com";
    return "$file.pl" if -r "$file.pl";
    return '';
}

=item replace_manpage_separator

Use as separator a character which is legal in a VMS-syntax file name.

=cut

sub replace_manpage_separator {
    my($self,$man) = @_;
    $man = unixify($man);
    $man =~ s#/+#__#g;
    $man;
}

=item init_DEST

(override) Because of the difficulty concatenating VMS filepaths we
must pre-expand the DEST* variables.

=cut

sub init_DEST {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->SUPER::init_DEST;

    # Expand DEST variables.
    foreach my $var ($self->installvars) {
        my $destvar = 'DESTINSTALL'.$var;
        $self->{$destvar} = File::Spec->eliminate_macros($self->{$destvar});
    }
}


=item init_DIRFILESEP

No seperator between a directory path and a filename on VMS.

=cut

sub init_DIRFILESEP {
    my($self) = shift;

    $self->{DIRFILESEP} = '';
    return 1;
}


=item init_main (override)


=cut

sub init_main {
    my($self) = shift;

    $self->SUPER::init_main;

    $self->{DEFINE} ||= '';
    if ($self->{DEFINE} ne '') {
        my(@terms) = split(/\s+/,$self->{DEFINE});
        my(@defs,@udefs);
        foreach my $def (@terms) {
            next unless $def;
            my $targ = \@defs;
            if ($def =~ s/^-([DU])//) {    # If it was a Unix-style definition
                $targ = \@udefs if $1 eq 'U';
                $def =~ s/='(.*)'$/=$1/;  # then remove shell-protection ''
                $def =~ s/^'(.*)'$/$1/;   # from entire term or argument
            }
            if ($def =~ /=/) {
                $def =~ s/"/""/g;  # Protect existing " from DCL
                $def = qq["$def"]; # and quote to prevent parsing of =
            }
            push @$targ, $def;
        }

        $self->{DEFINE} = '';
        if (@defs)  { 
            $self->{DEFINE}  = '/Define=(' . join(',',@defs)  . ')'; 
        }
        if (@udefs) { 
            $self->{DEFINE} .= '/Undef=('  . join(',',@udefs) . ')'; 
        }
    }
}

=item init_others (override)

Provide VMS-specific forms of various utility commands, then hand
off to the default MM_Unix method.

DEV_NULL should probably be overriden with something.

Also changes EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP to set revision date of target file to
one second later than source file, since MMK interprets precisely
equal revision dates for a source and target file as a sign that the
target needs to be updated.

=cut

sub init_others {
    my($self) = @_;

    $self->{NOOP}               = 'Continue';
    $self->{NOECHO}             ||= '@ ';

    $self->{MAKEFILE}           ||= 'Descrip.MMS';
    $self->{FIRST_MAKEFILE}     ||= $self->{MAKEFILE};
    $self->{MAKE_APERL_FILE}    ||= 'Makeaperl.MMS';
    $self->{MAKEFILE_OLD}       ||= '$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)_old';

    $self->{ECHO}     ||= '$(PERLRUN) -le "print qq{@ARGV}"';
    $self->{ECHO_N}   ||= '$(PERLRUN) -e  "print qq{@ARGV}"';
    $self->{TOUCH}    ||= '$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command" -e touch';
    $self->{CHMOD}    ||= '$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command" -e chmod'; 
    $self->{RM_F}     ||= '$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command" -e rm_f';
    $self->{RM_RF}    ||= '$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command" -e rm_rf';
    $self->{TEST_F}   ||= '$(PERLRUN) "-MExtUtils::Command" -e test_f';
    $self->{EQUALIZE_TIMESTAMP} ||= '$(PERLRUN) -we "open F,qq{>>$ARGV[1]};close F;utime(0,(stat($ARGV[0]))[9]+1,$ARGV[1])"';

    $self->{MOD_INSTALL} ||= 
      $self->oneliner(<<'CODE', ['-MExtUtils::Install']);
install({split(' ',<STDIN>)}, '$(VERBINST)', 0, '$(UNINST)');
CODE

    $self->{SHELL}    ||= 'Posix';

    $self->{CP} = 'Copy/NoConfirm';
    $self->{MV} = 'Rename/NoConfirm';
    $self->{UMASK_NULL} = '! ';  

    $self->SUPER::init_others;

    if ($self->{OBJECT} =~ /\s/) {
        $self->{OBJECT} =~ s/(\\)?\n+\s+/ /g;
        $self->{OBJECT} = $self->wraplist(
            map $self->fixpath($_,0), split /,?\s+/, $self->{OBJECT}
        );
    }

    $self->{LDFROM} = $self->wraplist(
        map $self->fixpath($_,0), split /,?\s+/, $self->{LDFROM}
    );
}


=item init_platform (override)

Add PERL_VMS, MM_VMS_REVISION and MM_VMS_VERSION.

MM_VMS_REVISION is for backwards compatibility before MM_VMS had a
$VERSION.

=cut

sub init_platform {
    my($self) = shift;

    $self->{MM_VMS_REVISION} = $Revision;
    $self->{MM_VMS_VERSION}  = $VERSION;
    $self->{PERL_VMS} = $self->catdir($self->{PERL_SRC}, 'VMS')
      if $self->{PERL_SRC};
}


=item platform_constants

=cut

sub platform_constants {
    my($self) = shift;
    my $make_frag = '';

    foreach my $macro (qw(PERL_VMS MM_VMS_REVISION MM_VMS_VERSION))
    {
        next unless defined $self->{$macro};
        $make_frag .= "$macro = $self->{$macro}\n";
    }

    return $make_frag;
}


=item init_VERSION (override)

Override the *DEFINE_VERSION macros with VMS semantics.  Translate the
MAKEMAKER filepath to VMS style.

=cut

sub init_VERSION {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->SUPER::init_VERSION;

    $self->{DEFINE_VERSION}    = '"$(VERSION_MACRO)=""$(VERSION)"""';
    $self->{XS_DEFINE_VERSION} = '"$(XS_VERSION_MACRO)=""$(XS_VERSION)"""';
    $self->{MAKEMAKER} = vmsify($INC{'ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm'});
}


=item constants (override)

Fixes up numerous file and directory macros to insure VMS syntax
regardless of input syntax.  Also makes lists of files
comma-separated.

=cut

sub constants {
    my($self) = @_;

    # Be kind about case for pollution
    for (@ARGV) { $_ = uc($_) if /POLLUTE/i; }

    # Cleanup paths for directories in MMS macros.
    foreach my $macro ( qw [
            INST_BIN INST_SCRIPT INST_LIB INST_ARCHLIB 
            PERL_LIB PERL_ARCHLIB
            PERL_INC PERL_SRC ],
                        (map { 'INSTALL'.$_ } $self->installvars)
                      ) 
    {
        next unless defined $self->{$macro};
        next if $macro =~ /MAN/ && $self->{$macro} eq 'none';
        $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},1);
    }

    # Cleanup paths for files in MMS macros.
    foreach my $macro ( qw[LIBPERL_A FIRST_MAKEFILE MAKEFILE_OLD 
                           MAKE_APERL_FILE MYEXTLIB] ) 
    {
        next unless defined $self->{$macro};
        $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},0);
    }

    # Fixup files for MMS macros
    # XXX is this list complete?
    for my $macro (qw/
                   FULLEXT VERSION_FROM OBJECT LDFROM
	      /	) {
        next unless defined $self->{$macro};
        $self->{$macro} = $self->fixpath($self->{$macro},0);
    }


    for my $macro (qw/ XS MAN1PODS MAN3PODS PM /) {
        # Where is the space coming from? --jhi
        next unless $self ne " " && defined $self->{$macro};
        my %tmp = ();
        for my $key (keys %{$self->{$macro}}) {
            $tmp{$self->fixpath($key,0)} = 
                                     $self->fixpath($self->{$macro}{$key},0);
        }
        $self->{$macro} = \%tmp;
    }

    for my $macro (qw/ C O_FILES H /) {
        next unless defined $self->{$macro};
        my @tmp = ();
        for my $val (@{$self->{$macro}}) {
            push(@tmp,$self->fixpath($val,0));
        }
        $self->{$macro} = \@tmp;
    }

    return $self->SUPER::constants;
}


=item special_targets

Clear the default .SUFFIXES and put in our own list.

=cut

sub special_targets {
    my $self = shift;

    my $make_frag .= <<'MAKE_FRAG';
.SUFFIXES :
.SUFFIXES : $(OBJ_EXT) .c .cpp .cxx .xs

MAKE_FRAG

    return $make_frag;
}

=item cflags (override)

Bypass shell script and produce qualifiers for CC directly (but warn
user if a shell script for this extension exists).  Fold multiple
/Defines into one, since some C compilers pay attention to only one
instance of this qualifier on the command line.

=cut

sub cflags {
    my($self,$libperl) = @_;
    my($quals) = $self->{CCFLAGS} || $Config{'ccflags'};
    my($definestr,$undefstr,$flagoptstr) = ('','','');
    my($incstr) = '/Include=($(PERL_INC)';
    my($name,$sys,@m);

    ( $name = $self->{NAME} . "_cflags" ) =~ s/:/_/g ;
    print STDOUT "Unix shell script ".$Config{"$self->{'BASEEXT'}_cflags"}.
         " required to modify CC command for $self->{'BASEEXT'}\n"
    if ($Config{$name});

    if ($quals =~ / -[DIUOg]/) {
	while ($quals =~ / -([Og])(\d*)\b/) {
	    my($type,$lvl) = ($1,$2);
	    $quals =~ s/ -$type$lvl\b\s*//;
	    if ($type eq 'g') { $flagoptstr = '/NoOptimize'; }
	    else { $flagoptstr = '/Optimize' . (defined($lvl) ? "=$lvl" : ''); }
	}
	while ($quals =~ / -([DIU])(\S+)/) {
	    my($type,$def) = ($1,$2);
	    $quals =~ s/ -$type$def\s*//;
	    $def =~ s/"/""/g;
	    if    ($type eq 'D') { $definestr .= qq["$def",]; }
	    elsif ($type eq 'I') { $incstr .= ',' . $self->fixpath($def,1); }
	    else                 { $undefstr  .= qq["$def",]; }
	}
    }
    if (length $quals and $quals !~ m!/!) {
	warn "MM_VMS: Ignoring unrecognized CCFLAGS elements \"$quals\"\n";
	$quals = '';
    }
    $definestr .= q["PERL_POLLUTE",] if $self->{POLLUTE};
    if (length $definestr) { chop($definestr); $quals .= "/Define=($definestr)"; }
    if (length $undefstr)  { chop($undefstr);  $quals .= "/Undef=($undefstr)";   }
    # Deal with $self->{DEFINE} here since some C compilers pay attention
    # to only one /Define clause on command line, so we have to
    # conflate the ones from $Config{'ccflags'} and $self->{DEFINE}
    # ($self->{DEFINE} has already been VMSified in constants() above)
    if ($self->{DEFINE}) { $quals .= $self->{DEFINE}; }
    for my $type (qw(Def Undef)) {
	my(@terms);
	while ($quals =~ m:/${type}i?n?e?=([^/]+):ig) {
		my $term = $1;
		$term =~ s:^\((.+)\)$:$1:;
		push @terms, $term;
	    }
	if ($type eq 'Def') {
	    push @terms, qw[ $(DEFINE_VERSION) $(XS_DEFINE_VERSION) ];
	}
	if (@terms) {
	    $quals =~ s:/${type}i?n?e?=[^/]+::ig;
	    $quals .= "/${type}ine=(" . join(',',@terms) . ')';
	}
    }

    $libperl or $libperl = $self->{LIBPERL_A} || "libperl.olb";

    # Likewise with $self->{INC} and /Include
    if ($self->{'INC'}) {
	my(@includes) = split(/\s+/,$self->{INC});
	foreach (@includes) {
	    s/^-I//;
	    $incstr .= ','.$self->fixpath($_,1);
	}
    }
    $quals .= "$incstr)";
#    $quals =~ s/,,/,/g; $quals =~ s/\(,/(/g;
    $self->{CCFLAGS} = $quals;

    $self->{PERLTYPE} ||= '';

    $self->{OPTIMIZE} ||= $flagoptstr || $Config{'optimize'};
    if ($self->{OPTIMIZE} !~ m!/!) {
	if    ($self->{OPTIMIZE} =~ m!-g!) { $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Debug/NoOptimize' }
	elsif ($self->{OPTIMIZE} =~ /-O(\d*)/) {
	    $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Optimize' . (defined($1) ? "=$1" : '');
	}
	else {
	    warn "MM_VMS: Can't parse OPTIMIZE \"$self->{OPTIMIZE}\"; using default\n" if length $self->{OPTIMIZE};
	    $self->{OPTIMIZE} = '/Optimize';
	}
    }

    return $self->{CFLAGS} = qq{
CCFLAGS = $self->{CCFLAGS}
OPTIMIZE = $self->{OPTIMIZE}
PERLTYPE = $self->{PERLTYPE}
};
}

=item const_cccmd (override)

Adds directives to point C preprocessor to the right place when
handling #include E<lt>sys/foo.hE<gt> directives.  Also constructs CC
command line a bit differently than MM_Unix method.

=cut

sub const_cccmd {
    my($self,$libperl) = @_;
    my(@m);

    return $self->{CONST_CCCMD} if $self->{CONST_CCCMD};
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
    if ($Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'gcc') {
        push @m,'
.FIRST
	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS GNU_CC_Include:[VMS]';
    }
    elsif ($Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'vaxc') {
        push @m,'
.FIRST
	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("VAXC$Include").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS Sys$Library
	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("VAXC$Include").nes."" Then Define/NoLog SYS VAXC$Include';
    }
    else {
        push @m,'
.FIRST
	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("DECC$System_Include").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog SYS ',
		($Config{'archname'} eq 'VMS_AXP' ? 'Sys$Library' : 'DECC$Library_Include'),'
	',$self->{NOECHO},'If F$TrnLnm("Sys").eqs."" .and. F$TrnLnm("DECC$System_Include").nes."" Then Define/NoLog SYS DECC$System_Include';
    }

    push(@m, "\n\nCCCMD = $Config{'cc'} \$(CCFLAGS)\$(OPTIMIZE)\n");

    $self->{CONST_CCCMD} = join('',@m);
}


=item tool_sxubpp (override)

Use VMS-style quoting on xsubpp command line.

=cut

sub tool_xsubpp {
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking;

    my $xsdir;
    foreach my $dir (@INC) {
        $xsdir = $self->catdir($dir, 'ExtUtils');
        if( -r $self->catfile($xsdir, "xsubpp") ) {
            last;
        }
    }

    my $tmdir   = File::Spec->catdir($self->{PERL_LIB},"ExtUtils");
    my(@tmdeps) = $self->catfile($tmdir,'typemap');
    if( $self->{TYPEMAPS} ){
	my $typemap;
	foreach $typemap (@{$self->{TYPEMAPS}}){
		if( ! -f  $typemap ){
			warn "Typemap $typemap not found.\n";
		}
		else{
			push(@tmdeps, $self->fixpath($typemap,0));
		}
	}
    }
    push(@tmdeps, "typemap") if -f "typemap";
    my(@tmargs) = map("-typemap $_", @tmdeps);
    if( exists $self->{XSOPT} ){
	unshift( @tmargs, $self->{XSOPT} );
    }

    if ($Config{'ldflags'} && 
        $Config{'ldflags'} =~ m!/Debug!i &&
        (!exists($self->{XSOPT}) || $self->{XSOPT} !~ /linenumbers/)) {
        unshift(@tmargs,'-nolinenumbers');
    }
    my $xsubpp_version = $self->xsubpp_version($self->catfile($xsdir,'xsubpp'));

    # What are the correct thresholds for version 1 && 2 Paul?
    if ( $xsubpp_version > 1.923 ){
	$self->{XSPROTOARG} = '' unless defined $self->{XSPROTOARG};
    } else {
	if (defined $self->{XSPROTOARG} && $self->{XSPROTOARG} =~ /\-prototypes/) {
	    print STDOUT qq{Warning: This extension wants to pass the switch "-prototypes" to xsubpp.
	Your version of xsubpp is $xsubpp_version and cannot handle this.
	Please upgrade to a more recent version of xsubpp.
};
	} else {
	    $self->{XSPROTOARG} = "";
	}
    }

    "
XSUBPPDIR = $xsdir
XSUBPP = \$(PERLRUN) \$(XSUBPPDIR)xsubpp
XSPROTOARG = $self->{XSPROTOARG}
XSUBPPDEPS = @tmdeps
XSUBPPARGS = @tmargs
";
}

=item xsubpp_version (override)

Test xsubpp exit status according to VMS rules ($sts & 1 ==E<gt> good)
rather than Unix rules ($sts == 0 ==E<gt> good).

=cut

sub xsubpp_version
{
    my($self,$xsubpp) = @_;
    my ($version) ;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking;

    # try to figure out the version number of the xsubpp on the system

    # first try the -v flag, introduced in 1.921 & 2.000a2

    my $command = qq{$self->{PERL} "-I$self->{PERL_LIB}" $xsubpp -v};
    print "Running: $command\n" if $Verbose;
    $version = `$command` ;
    if ($?) {
	use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish 'status';
	warn "Running '$command' exits with status $?";
    }
    chop $version ;

    return $1 if $version =~ /^xsubpp version (.*)/ ;

    # nope, then try something else

    my $counter = '000';
    my ($file) = 'temp' ;
    $counter++ while -e "$file$counter"; # don't overwrite anything
    $file .= $counter;

    local(*F);
    open(F, ">$file") or die "Cannot open file '$file': $!\n" ;
    print F <<EOM ;
MODULE = fred PACKAGE = fred

int
fred(a)
	int	a;
EOM

    close F ;

    $command = "$self->{PERLRUN} $xsubpp $file";
    print "Running: $command\n" if $Verbose;
    my $text = `$command` ;
    if ($?) {
	use ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish 'status';
	warn "Running '$command' exits with status $?";
    }
    unlink $file ;

    # gets 1.2 -> 1.92 and 2.000a1
    return $1 if $text =~ /automatically by xsubpp version ([\S]+)\s*/  ;

    # it is either 1.0 or 1.1
    return 1.1 if $text =~ /^Warning: ignored semicolon/ ;

    # none of the above, so 1.0
    return "1.0" ;
}

=item tools_other (override)

Throw in some dubious extra macros for Makefile args.

Also keep around the old $(SAY) macro in case somebody's using it.

=cut

sub tools_other {
    my($self) = @_;

    # XXX Are these necessary?  Does anyone override them?  They're longer
    # than just typing the literal string.
    my $extra_tools = <<'EXTRA_TOOLS';

# Assumes $(MMS) invokes MMS or MMK
# (It is assumed in some cases later that the default makefile name
# (Descrip.MMS for MM[SK]) is used.)
USEMAKEFILE = /Descrip=
USEMACROS = /Macro=(
MACROEND = )

# Just in case anyone is using the old macro.
SAY = $(ECHO)

EXTRA_TOOLS

    return $self->SUPER::tools_other . $extra_tools;
}

=item init_dist (override)

VMSish defaults for some values.

  macro         description                     default

  ZIPFLAGS      flags to pass to ZIP            -Vu

  COMPRESS      compression command to          gzip
                use for tarfiles
  SUFFIX        suffix to put on                -gz 
                compressed files

  SHAR          shar command to use             vms_share

  DIST_DEFAULT  default target to use to        tardist
                create a distribution

  DISTVNAME     Use VERSION_SYM instead of      $(DISTNAME)-$(VERSION_SYM)
                VERSION for the name

=cut

sub init_dist {
    my($self) = @_;
    $self->{ZIPFLAGS}     ||= '-Vu';
    $self->{COMPRESS}     ||= 'gzip';
    $self->{SUFFIX}       ||= '-gz';
    $self->{SHAR}         ||= 'vms_share';
    $self->{DIST_DEFAULT} ||= 'zipdist';

    $self->SUPER::init_dist;

    $self->{DISTVNAME}    = "$self->{DISTNAME}-$self->{VERSION_SYM}";
}

=item c_o (override)

Use VMS syntax on command line.  In particular, $(DEFINE) and
$(PERL_INC) have been pulled into $(CCCMD).  Also use MM[SK] macros.

=cut

sub c_o {
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
    '
.c$(OBJ_EXT) :
	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c

.cpp$(OBJ_EXT) :
	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).cpp

.cxx$(OBJ_EXT) :
	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).cxx

';
}

=item xs_c (override)

Use MM[SK] macros.

=cut

sub xs_c {
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
    '
.xs.c :
	$(XSUBPP) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xs >$(MMS$TARGET)
';
}

=item xs_o (override)

Use MM[SK] macros, and VMS command line for C compiler.

=cut

sub xs_o {	# many makes are too dumb to use xs_c then c_o
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();
    '
.xs$(OBJ_EXT) :
	$(XSUBPP) $(XSPROTOARG) $(XSUBPPARGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).xs >$(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c
	$(CCCMD) $(CCCDLFLAGS) $(MMS$TARGET_NAME).c
';
}


=item dlsyms (override)

Create VMS linker options files specifying universal symbols for this
extension's shareable image, and listing other shareable images or 
libraries to which it should be linked.

=cut

sub dlsyms {
    my($self,%attribs) = @_;

    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();

    my($funcs) = $attribs{DL_FUNCS} || $self->{DL_FUNCS} || {};
    my($vars)  = $attribs{DL_VARS}  || $self->{DL_VARS}  || [];
    my($funclist)  = $attribs{FUNCLIST}  || $self->{FUNCLIST}  || [];
    my(@m);

    unless ($self->{SKIPHASH}{'dynamic'}) {
	push(@m,'
dynamic :: $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(BASEEXT).opt
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
');
    }

    push(@m,'
static :: $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(BASEEXT).opt
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
') unless $self->{SKIPHASH}{'static'};

    push @m,'
$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(BASEEXT).opt : $(BASEEXT).opt
	$(CP) $(MMS$SOURCE) $(MMS$TARGET)

$(BASEEXT).opt : Makefile.PL
	$(PERLRUN) -e "use ExtUtils::Mksymlists;" -
	',qq[-e "Mksymlists('NAME' => '$self->{NAME}', 'DL_FUNCS' => ],
	neatvalue($funcs),q[, 'DL_VARS' => ],neatvalue($vars),
	q[, 'FUNCLIST' => ],neatvalue($funclist),qq[)"\n];

    push @m, '	$(PERL) -e "print ""$(INST_STATIC)/Include=';
    if ($self->{OBJECT} =~ /\bBASEEXT\b/ or
        $self->{OBJECT} =~ /\b$self->{BASEEXT}\b/i) { 
        push @m, ($Config{d_vms_case_sensitive_symbols}
	           ? uc($self->{BASEEXT}) :'$(BASEEXT)');
    }
    else {  # We don't have a "main" object file, so pull 'em all in
       # Upcase module names if linker is being case-sensitive
       my($upcase) = $Config{d_vms_case_sensitive_symbols};
	my(@omods) = map { s/\.[^.]*$//;         # Trim off file type
	                   s[\$\(\w+_EXT\)][];   # even as a macro
	                   s/.*[:>\/\]]//;       # Trim off dir spec
			   $upcase ? uc($_) : $_;
	                 } split ' ', $self->eliminate_macros($self->{OBJECT});
        my($tmp,@lines,$elt) = '';
	$tmp = shift @omods;
	foreach $elt (@omods) {
	    $tmp .= ",$elt";
		if (length($tmp) > 80) { push @lines, $tmp;  $tmp = ''; }
	}
	push @lines, $tmp;
	push @m, '(', join( qq[, -\\n\\t"";" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n\t\$(PERL) -e "print ""], @lines),')';
    }
	push @m, '\n$(INST_STATIC)/Library\n"";" >>$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";

    if (length $self->{LDLOADLIBS}) {
	my($lib); my($line) = '';
	foreach $lib (split ' ', $self->{LDLOADLIBS}) {
	    $lib =~ s%\$%\\\$%g;  # Escape '$' in VMS filespecs
	    if (length($line) + length($lib) > 160) {
		push @m, "\t\$(PERL) -e \"print qq{$line}\" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n";
		$line = $lib . '\n';
	    }
	    else { $line .= $lib . '\n'; }
	}
	push @m, "\t\$(PERL) -e \"print qq{$line}\" >>\$(MMS\$TARGET)\n" if $line;
    }

    join('',@m);

}

=item dynamic_lib (override)

Use VMS Link command.

=cut

sub dynamic_lib {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking(); #might be because of a subdir

    return '' unless $self->has_link_code();

    my($otherldflags) = $attribs{OTHERLDFLAGS} || "";
    my($inst_dynamic_dep) = $attribs{INST_DYNAMIC_DEP} || "";
    my $shr = $Config{'dbgprefix'} . 'PerlShr';
    my(@m);
    push @m,"

OTHERLDFLAGS = $otherldflags
INST_DYNAMIC_DEP = $inst_dynamic_dep

";
    push @m, '
$(INST_DYNAMIC) : $(INST_STATIC) $(PERL_INC)perlshr_attr.opt $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP).exists $(EXPORT_LIST) $(PERL_ARCHIVE) $(INST_DYNAMIC_DEP)
	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)
	If F$TrnLNm("',$shr,'").eqs."" Then Define/NoLog/User ',"$shr Sys\$Share:$shr.$Config{'dlext'}",'
	Link $(LDFLAGS) /Shareable=$(MMS$TARGET)$(OTHERLDFLAGS) $(BASEEXT).opt/Option,$(PERL_INC)perlshr_attr.opt/Option
';

    push @m, $self->dir_target('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)');
    join('',@m);
}

=item dynamic_bs (override)

Use VMS-style quoting on Mkbootstrap command line.

=cut

sub dynamic_bs {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    return '
BOOTSTRAP =
' unless $self->has_link_code();
    '
BOOTSTRAP = '."$self->{BASEEXT}.bs".'

# As MakeMaker mkbootstrap might not write a file (if none is required)
# we use touch to prevent make continually trying to remake it.
# The DynaLoader only reads a non-empty file.
$(BOOTSTRAP) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) '."$self->{BOOTDEP}".' $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP).exists
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Running mkbootstrap for $(NAME) ($(BSLOADLIBS))"
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) -
	-e "use ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap; Mkbootstrap(\'$(BASEEXT)\',\'$(BSLOADLIBS)\');"
	$(NOECHO) $(TOUCH) $(MMS$TARGET)

$(INST_BOOT) : $(BOOTSTRAP) $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP).exists
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_RF) $(INST_BOOT)
	- $(CP) $(BOOTSTRAP) $(INST_BOOT)
';
}

=item static_lib (override)

Use VMS commands to manipulate object library.

=cut

sub static_lib {
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->needs_linking();

    return '
$(INST_STATIC) :
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
' unless ($self->{OBJECT} or @{$self->{C} || []} or $self->{MYEXTLIB});

    my(@m,$lib);
    push @m,'
# Rely on suffix rule for update action
$(OBJECT) : $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP).exists

$(INST_STATIC) : $(OBJECT) $(MYEXTLIB)
';
    # If this extension has its own library (eg SDBM_File)
    # then copy that to $(INST_STATIC) and add $(OBJECT) into it.
    push(@m, "\t",'$(CP) $(MYEXTLIB) $(MMS$TARGET)',"\n") if $self->{MYEXTLIB};

    push(@m,"\t",'If F$Search("$(MMS$TARGET)").eqs."" Then Library/Object/Create $(MMS$TARGET)',"\n");

    # if there was a library to copy, then we can't use MMS$SOURCE_LIST,
    # 'cause it's a library and you can't stick them in other libraries.
    # In that case, we use $OBJECT instead and hope for the best
    if ($self->{MYEXTLIB}) {
      push(@m,"\t",'Library/Object/Replace $(MMS$TARGET) $(OBJECT)',"\n"); 
    } else {
      push(@m,"\t",'Library/Object/Replace $(MMS$TARGET) $(MMS$SOURCE_LIST)',"\n");
    }
    
    push @m, "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(PERL) -e 1 >\$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)extralibs.ld\n";
    foreach $lib (split ' ', $self->{EXTRALIBS}) {
      push(@m,"\t",'$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print qq{',$lib,'\n}" >>$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)extralibs.ld',"\n");
    }
    push @m, $self->dir_target('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)');
    join('',@m);
}


=item processPL (override)

Use VMS-style quoting on command line.

=cut

sub processPL {
    my($self) = @_;
    return "" unless $self->{PL_FILES};
    my(@m, $plfile);
    foreach $plfile (sort keys %{$self->{PL_FILES}}) {
        my $list = ref($self->{PL_FILES}->{$plfile})
		? $self->{PL_FILES}->{$plfile}
		: [$self->{PL_FILES}->{$plfile}];
	foreach my $target (@$list) {
	    my $vmsplfile = vmsify($plfile);
	    my $vmsfile = vmsify($target);
	    push @m, "
all :: $vmsfile
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

$vmsfile :: $vmsplfile
",'	$(PERLRUNINST) '," $vmsplfile $vmsfile
";
	}
    }
    join "", @m;
}

=item installbin (override)

Stay under DCL's 255 character command line limit once again by
splitting potentially long list of files across multiple lines
in C<realclean> target.

=cut

sub installbin {
    my($self) = @_;
    return '' unless $self->{EXE_FILES} && ref $self->{EXE_FILES} eq "ARRAY";
    return '' unless @{$self->{EXE_FILES}};
    my(@m, $from, $to, %fromto, @to);
    my(@exefiles) = map { vmsify($_) } @{$self->{EXE_FILES}};
    for $from (@exefiles) {
	my($path) = '$(INST_SCRIPT)' . basename($from);
	local($_) = $path;  # backward compatibility
	$to = $self->libscan($path);
	print "libscan($from) => '$to'\n" if ($Verbose >=2);
	$fromto{$from} = vmsify($to);
    }
    @to = values %fromto;
    push @m, "
EXE_FILES = @exefiles

pure_all :: @to
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

realclean ::
";

    my $line = '';
    foreach $to (@to) {
	if (length($line) + length($to) > 80) {
	    push @m, "\t\$(RM_F) $line\n";
	    $line = $to;
	}
	else { $line .= " $to"; }
    }
    push @m, "\t\$(RM_F) $line\n\n" if $line;

    while (($from,$to) = each %fromto) {
	last unless defined $from;
	my $todir;
	if ($to =~ m#[/>:\]]#) {
            $todir = dirname($to); 
        }
	else { 
            ($todir = $to) =~ s/[^\)]+$//; 
        }
	$todir = $self->fixpath($todir,1);
	push @m, "
$to : $from \$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) ${todir}\$(DIRFILESEP).exists
	\$(CP) $from $to

", $self->dir_target($todir);
    }
    join "", @m;
}

=item subdir_x (override)

Use VMS commands to change default directory.

=cut

sub subdir_x {
    my($self, $subdir) = @_;
    my(@m,$key);
    $subdir = $self->fixpath($subdir,1);
    push @m, '

subdirs ::
	olddef = F$Environment("Default")
	Set Default ',$subdir,'
	- $(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) all $(USEMACROS)$(PASTHRU)$(MACROEND)
	Set Default \'olddef\'
';
    join('',@m);
}

=item clean (override)

Split potentially long list of files across multiple commands (in
order to stay under the magic command line limit).  Also use MM[SK]
commands for handling subdirectories.

=cut

sub clean {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    my(@m,$dir);
    push @m, '
# Delete temporary files but do not touch installed files. We don\'t delete
# the Descrip.MMS here so that a later make realclean still has it to use.
clean :: clean_subdirs
';
    push @m, '	$(RM_F) *.Map *.Dmp *.Lis *.cpp *.$(DLEXT) *$(OBJ_EXT) *$(LIB_EXT) *.Opt $(BOOTSTRAP) $(BASEEXT).bso .MM_Tmp
';

    my(@otherfiles) = values %{$self->{XS}}; # .c files from *.xs files
    # Unlink realclean, $attribs{FILES} is a string here; it may contain
    # a list or a macro that expands to a list.
    if ($attribs{FILES}) {
        my @filelist = ref $attribs{FILES} eq 'ARRAY'
            ? @{$attribs{FILES}}
            : split /\s+/, $attribs{FILES};

	foreach my $word (@filelist) {
	    if ($word =~ m#^\$\((.*)\)$# and 
                ref $self->{$1} eq 'ARRAY') 
            {
		push(@otherfiles, @{$self->{$1}});
	    }
	    else { push(@otherfiles, $word); }
	}
    }
    push(@otherfiles, qw[ blib $(MAKE_APERL_FILE) extralibs.ld 
                          perlmain.c pm_to_blib pm_to_blib.ts ]);
    push(@otherfiles, $self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)','extralibs.all'));

    # Occasionally files are repeated several times from different sources
    { my(%of) = map { ($_ => 1) } @otherfiles; @otherfiles = keys %of; }
    
    my $line = '';
    foreach my $file (@otherfiles) {
	$file = $self->fixpath($file);
	if (length($line) + length($file) > 80) {
	    push @m, "\t\$(RM_RF) $line\n";
	    $line = "$file";
	}
	else { $line .= " $file"; }
    }
    push @m, "\t\$(RM_RF) $line\n" if $line;
    push(@m, "	$attribs{POSTOP}\n") if $attribs{POSTOP};
    join('', @m);
}


=item clean_subdirs_target

  my $make_frag = $MM->clean_subdirs_target;

VMS semantics for changing directories and rerunning make very different.

=cut

sub clean_subdirs_target {
    my($self) = shift;

    # No subdirectories, no cleaning.
    return <<'NOOP_FRAG' unless @{$self->{DIR}};
clean_subdirs :
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)
NOOP_FRAG


    my $clean = "clean_subdirs :\n";

    foreach my $dir (@{$self->{DIR}}) { # clean subdirectories first
	$dir = $self->fixpath($dir,1);

        $clean .= sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $dir, $dir;
	If F$Search("%s$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)").nes."" Then $(PERLRUN) -e "chdir '%s'; print `$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) clean`;"
MAKE_FRAG
    }

    return $clean;
}


=item realclean (override)

Guess what we're working around?  Also, use MM[SK] for subdirectories.

=cut

sub realclean {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    my(@m);
    push(@m,'
# Delete temporary files (via clean) and also delete installed files
realclean :: clean
');
    foreach(@{$self->{DIR}}){
	my($vmsdir) = $self->fixpath($_,1);
	push(@m, '	If F$Search("'."$vmsdir".'$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)").nes."" Then \\',"\n\t",
	      '$(PERL) -e "chdir ',"'$vmsdir'",'; print `$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) realclean`;"',"\n");
    }
    push @m, "	\$(RM_RF) \$(INST_AUTODIR) \$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)\n";
    push @m, "	\$(RM_RF) \$(DISTVNAME)\n";
    # We can't expand several of the MMS macros here, since they don't have
    # corresponding %$self keys (i.e. they're defined in Descrip.MMS as a
    # combination of macros).  In order to stay below DCL's 255 char limit,
    # we put only 2 on a line.
    my($file,$fcnt);
    my(@files) = qw{ $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD) };
    if ($self->has_link_code) {
	push(@files,qw{ $(INST_DYNAMIC) $(INST_STATIC) $(INST_BOOT) $(OBJECT) });
    }

    # Occasionally files are repeated several times from different sources
    { my(%f) = map { ($_,1) } @files; @files = keys %f; }

    my $line = '';
    foreach $file (@files) {
	if (length($line) + length($file) > 80 || ++$fcnt >= 2) {
	    push @m, "\t\$(RM_F) $line\n";
	    $line = "$file";
	    $fcnt = 0;
	}
	else { $line .= " $file"; }
    }
    push @m, "\t\$(RM_F) $line\n" if $line;
    if ($attribs{FILES}) {
	my($word,$key,@filist,@allfiles);
	if (ref $attribs{FILES} eq 'ARRAY') { @filist = @{$attribs{FILES}}; }
	else { @filist = split /\s+/, $attribs{FILES}; }
	foreach $word (@filist) {
	    if (($key) = $word =~ m#^\$\((.*)\)$# and ref $self->{$key} eq 'ARRAY') {
		push(@allfiles, @{$self->{$key}});
	    }
	    else { push(@allfiles, $word); }
	}
	$line = '';
	# Occasionally files are repeated several times from different sources
	{ my(%af) = map { ($_,1) } @allfiles; @allfiles = keys %af; }
	foreach $file (@allfiles) {
	    $file = $self->fixpath($file);
	    if (length($line) + length($file) > 80) {
		push @m, "\t\$(RM_RF) $line\n";
		$line = "$file";
	    }
	    else { $line .= " $file"; }
	}
	push @m, "\t\$(RM_RF) $line\n" if $line;
    }
    push(@m, "	$attribs{POSTOP}\n")                     if $attribs{POSTOP};
    join('', @m);
}

=item zipfile_target (o)

=item tarfile_target (o)

=item shdist_target (o)

Syntax for invoking shar, tar and zip differs from that for Unix.

=cut

sub zipfile_target {
    my($self) = shift;

    return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
$(DISTVNAME).zip : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(ZIP) "$(ZIPFLAGS)" $(MMS$TARGET) [.$(DISTVNAME)...]*.*;
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(POSTOP)
MAKE_FRAG
}

sub tarfile_target {
    my($self) = shift;

    return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
$(DISTVNAME).tar$(SUFFIX) : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(TO_UNIX)
        $(TAR) "$(TARFLAGS)" $(DISTVNAME).tar [.$(DISTVNAME)...]
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(COMPRESS) $(DISTVNAME).tar
	$(POSTOP)
MAKE_FRAG
}

sub shdist_target {
    my($self) = shift;

    return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
shdist : distdir
	$(PREOP)
	$(SHAR) [.$(DISTVNAME)...]*.*; $(DISTVNAME).share
	$(RM_RF) $(DISTVNAME)
	$(POSTOP)
MAKE_FRAG
}

=item dist_test (override)

Use VMS commands to change default directory, and use VMS-style
quoting on command line.

=cut

sub dist_test {
    my($self) = @_;
q{
disttest : distdir
	startdir = F$Environment("Default")
	Set Default [.$(DISTVNAME)]
	$(ABSPERLRUN) Makefile.PL
	$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS)
	$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) test
	Set Default 'startdir'
};
}

# --- Test and Installation Sections ---

=item install (override)

Work around DCL's 255 character limit several times,and use
VMS-style command line quoting in a few cases.

=cut

sub install {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    my(@m,@exe_files);

    if ($self->{EXE_FILES}) {
	my($line,$file) = ('','');
	foreach $file (@{$self->{EXE_FILES}}) {
	    $line .= "$file ";
	    if (length($line) > 128) {
		push(@exe_files,qq[\t\$(NOECHO) \$(ECHO) "$line" >>.MM_tmp\n]);
		$line = '';
	    }
	}
	push(@exe_files,qq[\t\$(NOECHO) \$(ECHO) "$line" >>.MM_tmp\n]) if $line;
    }

    push @m, q[
install :: all pure_install doc_install
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

install_perl :: all pure_perl_install doc_perl_install
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

install_site :: all pure_site_install doc_site_install
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

pure_install :: pure_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

doc_install :: doc_$(INSTALLDIRS)_install
        $(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

pure__install : pure_site_install
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site"

doc__install : doc_site_install
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "INSTALLDIRS not defined, defaulting to INSTALLDIRS=site"

# This hack brought to you by DCL's 255-character command line limit
pure_perl_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read '.File::Spec->catfile('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write '.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB) $(DESTINSTALLPRIVLIB) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN) $(DESTINSTALLBIN) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT) $(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(DESTINSTALLMAN1DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR) $(DESTINSTALLMAN3DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) ].$self->catfile($self->{SITEARCHEXP},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[

# Likewise
pure_site_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read '.File::Spec->catfile('$(SITEARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write '.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB) $(DESTINSTALLSITELIB) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB) $(DESTINSTALLSITEARCH) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN) $(DESTINSTALLSITEBIN) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT) $(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN1DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR) $(DESTINSTALLSITEMAN3DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(WARN_IF_OLD_PACKLIST) ].$self->catfile($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[

pure_vendor_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'read '.File::Spec->catfile('$(VENDORARCHEXP)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUN) "-MFile::Spec" -e "print 'write '.File::Spec->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH)','auto','$(FULLEXT)','.packlist').' '" >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_LIB) $(DESTINSTALLVENDORLIB) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_ARCHLIB) $(DESTINSTALLVENDORARCH) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_BIN) $(DESTINSTALLVENDORBIN) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_SCRIPT) $(DESTINSTALLSCRIPT) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN1DIR) $(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "$(INST_MAN3DIR) $(DESTINSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR) " >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(MOD_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp

# Ditto
doc_perl_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLPRIVLIB)|" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
],@exe_files,
q[	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp

# And again
doc_site_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLSITELIB)|" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
],@exe_files,
q[	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp

doc_vendor_install ::
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Appending installation info to ].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB}, 'perllocal.pod').q["
	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "installed into|$(INSTALLVENDORLIB)|" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO_N) "LINKTYPE|$(LINKTYPE)|VERSION|$(VERSION)|EXE_FILES|$(EXE_FILES) " >>.MM_tmp
],@exe_files,
q[	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) "Module" "$(NAME)" <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile($self->{DESTINSTALLARCHLIB},'perllocal.pod').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp

];

    push @m, q[
uninstall :: uninstall_from_$(INSTALLDIRS)dirs
	$(NOECHO) $(NOOP)

uninstall_from_perldirs ::
	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) ].$self->catfile($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Uninstall is now deprecated and makes no actual changes."
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Please check the list above carefully for errors, and manually remove"
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "the appropriate files.  Sorry for the inconvenience."

uninstall_from_sitedirs ::
	$(NOECHO) $(UNINSTALL) ].$self->catfile($self->{SITEARCHEXP},'auto',$self->{FULLEXT},'.packlist').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Uninstall is now deprecated and makes no actual changes."
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Please check the list above carefully for errors, and manually remove"
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "the appropriate files.  Sorry for the inconvenience."
];

    join('',@m);
}

=item perldepend (override)

Use VMS-style syntax for files; it's cheaper to just do it directly here
than to have the MM_Unix method call C<catfile> repeatedly.  Also, if
we have to rebuild Config.pm, use MM[SK] to do it.

=cut

sub perldepend {
    my($self) = @_;
    my(@m);

    push @m, '
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)EXTERN.h, $(PERL_INC)INTERN.h, $(PERL_INC)XSUB.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)av.h, $(PERL_INC)cc_runtime.h, $(PERL_INC)config.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)cop.h, $(PERL_INC)cv.h, $(PERL_INC)embed.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)embedvar.h, $(PERL_INC)form.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)gv.h, $(PERL_INC)handy.h, $(PERL_INC)hv.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)intrpvar.h, $(PERL_INC)iperlsys.h, $(PERL_INC)keywords.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)mg.h, $(PERL_INC)nostdio.h, $(PERL_INC)op.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)opcode.h, $(PERL_INC)patchlevel.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)perl.h, $(PERL_INC)perlio.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)perlsdio.h, $(PERL_INC)perlvars.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)perly.h, $(PERL_INC)pp.h, $(PERL_INC)pp_proto.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)proto.h, $(PERL_INC)regcomp.h, $(PERL_INC)regexp.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)regnodes.h, $(PERL_INC)scope.h, $(PERL_INC)sv.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)thrdvar.h, $(PERL_INC)thread.h
$(OBJECT) : $(PERL_INC)util.h, $(PERL_INC)vmsish.h

' if $self->{OBJECT}; 

    if ($self->{PERL_SRC}) {
	my(@macros);
	my($mmsquals) = '$(USEMAKEFILE)[.vms]$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)';
	push(@macros,'__AXP__=1') if $Config{'archname'} eq 'VMS_AXP';
	push(@macros,'DECC=1')    if $Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'decc';
	push(@macros,'GNUC=1')    if $Config{'vms_cc_type'} eq 'gcc';
	push(@macros,'SOCKET=1')  if $Config{'d_has_sockets'};
	push(@macros,qq["CC=$Config{'cc'}"])  if $Config{'cc'} =~ m!/!;
	$mmsquals .= '$(USEMACROS)' . join(',',@macros) . '$(MACROEND)' if @macros;
	push(@m,q[
# Check for unpropagated config.sh changes. Should never happen.
# We do NOT just update config.h because that is not sufficient.
# An out of date config.h is not fatal but complains loudly!
$(PERL_INC)config.h : $(PERL_SRC)config.sh
	$(NOOP)

$(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm : $(PERL_SRC)config.sh
	$(NOECHO) Write Sys$Error "$(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm may be out of date with config.h or genconfig.pl"
	olddef = F$Environment("Default")
	Set Default $(PERL_SRC)
	$(MMS)],$mmsquals,);
	if ($self->{PERL_ARCHLIB} =~ m|\[-| && $self->{PERL_SRC} =~ m|(\[-+)|) {
	    my($prefix,$target) = ($1,$self->fixpath('$(PERL_ARCHLIB)Config.pm',0));
	    $target =~ s/\Q$prefix/[/;
	    push(@m," $target");
	}
	else { push(@m,' $(MMS$TARGET)'); }
	push(@m,q[
	Set Default 'olddef'
]);
    }

    push(@m, join(" ", map($self->fixpath($_,0),values %{$self->{XS}}))." : \$(XSUBPPDEPS)\n")
      if %{$self->{XS}};

    join('',@m);
}

=item makefile (override)

Use VMS commands and quoting.

=cut

sub makefile {
    my($self) = @_;
    my(@m,@cmd);
    # We do not know what target was originally specified so we
    # must force a manual rerun to be sure. But as it should only
    # happen very rarely it is not a significant problem.
    push @m, q[
$(OBJECT) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
] if $self->{OBJECT};

    push @m,q[
# We take a very conservative approach here, but it's worth it.
# We move $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) to $(MAKEFILE_OLD) here to avoid gnu make looping.
$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) : Makefile.PL $(CONFIGDEP)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) out-of-date with respect to $(MMS$SOURCE_LIST)"
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Cleaning current config before rebuilding $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) ..."
	- $(MV) $(FIRST_MAKEFILE) $(MAKEFILE_OLD)
	- $(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) $(USEMAKEFILE)$(MAKEFILE_OLD) clean
	$(PERLRUN) Makefile.PL ],join(' ',map(qq["$_"],@ARGV)),q[
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) has been rebuilt."
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Please run $(MMS) to build the extension."
];

    join('',@m);
}

=item find_tests (override)

=cut

sub find_tests {
    my $self = shift;
    return -d 't' ? 't/*.t' : '';
}

=item test (override)

Use VMS commands for handling subdirectories.

=cut

sub test {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    my($tests) = $attribs{TESTS} || $self->find_tests;
    my(@m);
    push @m,"
TEST_VERBOSE = 0
TEST_TYPE = test_\$(LINKTYPE)
TEST_FILE = test.pl
TESTDB_SW = -d

test :: \$(TEST_TYPE)
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

testdb :: testdb_\$(LINKTYPE)
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

";
    foreach(@{$self->{DIR}}){
      my($vmsdir) = $self->fixpath($_,1);
      push(@m, '	If F$Search("',$vmsdir,'$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)").nes."" Then $(PERL) -e "chdir ',"'$vmsdir'",
           '; print `$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS) $(PASTHRU2) test`'."\n");
    }
    push(@m, "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(ECHO) \"No tests defined for \$(NAME) extension.\"\n")
        unless $tests or -f "test.pl" or @{$self->{DIR}};
    push(@m, "\n");

    push(@m, "test_dynamic :: pure_all\n");
    push(@m, $self->test_via_harness('$(FULLPERLRUN)', $tests)) if $tests;
    push(@m, $self->test_via_script('$(FULLPERLRUN)', 'test.pl')) if -f "test.pl";
    push(@m, "\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n") if (!$tests && ! -f "test.pl");
    push(@m, "\n");

    push(@m, "testdb_dynamic :: pure_all\n");
    push(@m, $self->test_via_script('$(FULLPERLRUN) "$(TESTDB_SW)"', '$(TEST_FILE)'));
    push(@m, "\n");

    # Occasionally we may face this degenerate target:
    push @m, "test_ : test_dynamic\n\n";
 
    if ($self->needs_linking()) {
	push(@m, "test_static :: pure_all \$(MAP_TARGET)\n");
	push(@m, $self->test_via_harness('$(MAP_TARGET)', $tests)) if $tests;
	push(@m, $self->test_via_script('$(MAP_TARGET)', 'test.pl')) if -f 'test.pl';
	push(@m, "\n");
	push(@m, "testdb_static :: pure_all \$(MAP_TARGET)\n");
	push(@m, $self->test_via_script('$(MAP_TARGET) $(TESTDB_SW)', '$(TEST_FILE)'));
	push(@m, "\n");
    }
    else {
	push @m, "test_static :: test_dynamic\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n\n";
	push @m, "testdb_static :: testdb_dynamic\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)\n";
    }

    join('',@m);
}

=item makeaperl (override)

Undertake to build a new set of Perl images using VMS commands.  Since
VMS does dynamic loading, it's not necessary to statically link each
extension into the Perl image, so this isn't the normal build path.
Consequently, it hasn't really been tested, and may well be incomplete.

=cut

use vars qw(%olbs);

sub makeaperl {
    my($self, %attribs) = @_;
    my($makefilename, $searchdirs, $static, $extra, $perlinc, $target, $tmpdir, $libperl) = 
      @attribs{qw(MAKE DIRS STAT EXTRA INCL TARGET TMP LIBPERL)};
    my(@m);
    push @m, "
# --- MakeMaker makeaperl section ---
MAP_TARGET    = $target
";
    return join '', @m if $self->{PARENT};

    my($dir) = join ":", @{$self->{DIR}};

    unless ($self->{MAKEAPERL}) {
	push @m, q{
$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) : $(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Writing ""$(MMS$TARGET)"" for this $(MAP_TARGET)"
	$(NOECHO) $(PERLRUNINST) \
		Makefile.PL DIR=}, $dir, q{ \
		FIRST_MAKEFILE=$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) LINKTYPE=static \
		MAKEAPERL=1 NORECURS=1 };

	push @m, map(q[ \\\n\t\t"$_"], @ARGV),q{

$(MAP_TARGET) :: $(MAKE_APERL_FILE)
	$(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(MAKE_APERL_FILE) static $(MMS$TARGET)
};
	push @m, "\n";

	return join '', @m;
    }


    my($linkcmd,@optlibs,@staticpkgs,$extralist,$targdir,$libperldir,%libseen);
    local($_);

    # The front matter of the linkcommand...
    $linkcmd = join ' ', $Config{'ld'},
	    grep($_, @Config{qw(large split ldflags ccdlflags)});
    $linkcmd =~ s/\s+/ /g;

    # Which *.olb files could we make use of...
    local(%olbs);       # XXX can this be lexical?
    $olbs{$self->{INST_ARCHAUTODIR}} = "$self->{BASEEXT}\$(LIB_EXT)";
    require File::Find;
    File::Find::find(sub {
	return unless m/\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
	return if m/^libperl/;

	if( exists $self->{INCLUDE_EXT} ){
		my $found = 0;
		my $incl;
		my $xx;

		($xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,;
		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;

		# Throw away anything not explicitly marked for inclusion.
		# DynaLoader is implied.
		foreach $incl ((@{$self->{INCLUDE_EXT}},'DynaLoader')){
			if( $xx eq $incl ){
				$found++;
				last;
			}
		}
		return unless $found;
	}
	elsif( exists $self->{EXCLUDE_EXT} ){
		my $excl;
		my $xx;

		($xx = $File::Find::name) =~ s,.*?/auto/,,;
		$xx =~ s,/?$_,,;
		$xx =~ s,/,::,g;

		# Throw away anything explicitly marked for exclusion
		foreach $excl (@{$self->{EXCLUDE_EXT}}){
			return if( $xx eq $excl );
		}
	}

	$olbs{$ENV{DEFAULT}} = $_;
    }, grep( -d $_, @{$searchdirs || []}));

    # We trust that what has been handed in as argument will be buildable
    $static = [] unless $static;
    @olbs{@{$static}} = (1) x @{$static};
 
    $extra = [] unless $extra && ref $extra eq 'ARRAY';
    # Sort the object libraries in inverse order of
    # filespec length to try to insure that dependent extensions
    # will appear before their parents, so the linker will
    # search the parent library to resolve references.
    # (e.g. Intuit::DWIM will precede Intuit, so unresolved
    # references from [.intuit.dwim]dwim.obj can be found
    # in [.intuit]intuit.olb).
    for (sort { length($a) <=> length($b) } keys %olbs) {
	next unless $olbs{$_} =~ /\Q$self->{LIB_EXT}\E$/;
	my($dir) = $self->fixpath($_,1);
	my($extralibs) = $dir . "extralibs.ld";
	my($extopt) = $dir . $olbs{$_};
	$extopt =~ s/$self->{LIB_EXT}$/.opt/;
	push @optlibs, "$dir$olbs{$_}";
	# Get external libraries this extension will need
	if (-f $extralibs ) {
	    my %seenthis;
	    open LIST,$extralibs or warn $!,next;
	    while (<LIST>) {
		chomp;
		# Include a library in the link only once, unless it's mentioned
		# multiple times within a single extension's options file, in which
		# case we assume the builder needed to search it again later in the
		# link.
		my $skip = exists($libseen{$_}) && !exists($seenthis{$_});
		$libseen{$_}++;  $seenthis{$_}++;
		next if $skip;
		push @$extra,$_;
	    }
	    close LIST;
	}
	# Get full name of extension for ExtUtils::Miniperl
	if (-f $extopt) {
	    open OPT,$extopt or die $!;
	    while (<OPT>) {
		next unless /(?:UNIVERSAL|VECTOR)=boot_([\w_]+)/;
		my $pkg = $1;
		$pkg =~ s#__*#::#g;
		push @staticpkgs,$pkg;
	    }
	}
    }
    # Place all of the external libraries after all of the Perl extension
    # libraries in the final link, in order to maximize the opportunity
    # for XS code from multiple extensions to resolve symbols against the
    # same external library while only including that library once.
    push @optlibs, @$extra;

    $target = "Perl$Config{'exe_ext'}" unless $target;
    my $shrtarget;
    ($shrtarget,$targdir) = fileparse($target);
    $shrtarget =~ s/^([^.]*)/$1Shr/;
    $shrtarget = $targdir . $shrtarget;
    $target = "Perlshr.$Config{'dlext'}" unless $target;
    $tmpdir = "[]" unless $tmpdir;
    $tmpdir = $self->fixpath($tmpdir,1);
    if (@optlibs) { $extralist = join(' ',@optlibs); }
    else          { $extralist = ''; }
    # Let ExtUtils::Liblist find the necessary libs for us (but skip PerlShr)
    # that's what we're building here).
    push @optlibs, grep { !/PerlShr/i } split ' ', +($self->ext())[2];
    if ($libperl) {
	unless (-f $libperl || -f ($libperl = $self->catfile($Config{'installarchlib'},'CORE',$libperl))) {
	    print STDOUT "Warning: $libperl not found\n";
	    undef $libperl;
	}
    }
    unless ($libperl) {
	if (defined $self->{PERL_SRC}) {
	    $libperl = $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC},"libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}");
	} elsif (-f ($libperl = $self->catfile($Config{'installarchlib'},'CORE',"libperl$self->{LIB_EXT}")) ) {
	} else {
	    print STDOUT "Warning: $libperl not found
    If you're going to build a static perl binary, make sure perl is installed
    otherwise ignore this warning\n";
	}
    }
    $libperldir = $self->fixpath((fileparse($libperl))[1],1);

    push @m, '
# Fill in the target you want to produce if it\'s not perl
MAP_TARGET    = ',$self->fixpath($target,0),'
MAP_SHRTARGET = ',$self->fixpath($shrtarget,0),"
MAP_LINKCMD   = $linkcmd
MAP_PERLINC   = ", $perlinc ? map('"$_" ',@{$perlinc}) : '',"
MAP_EXTRA     = $extralist
MAP_LIBPERL = ",$self->fixpath($libperl,0),'
';


    push @m,"\n${tmpdir}Makeaperl.Opt : \$(MAP_EXTRA)\n";
    foreach (@optlibs) {
	push @m,'	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{',$_,'}" >>$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";
    }
    push @m,"\n${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt :\n\t";
    push @m,'$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{$(MAP_SHRTARGET)}" >$(MMS$TARGET)',"\n";

    push @m,'
$(MAP_SHRTARGET) : $(MAP_LIBPERL) Makeaperl.Opt ',"${libperldir}Perlshr_Attr.Opt",'
	$(MAP_LINKCMD)/Shareable=$(MMS$TARGET) $(MAP_LIBPERL), Makeaperl.Opt/Option ',"${libperldir}Perlshr_Attr.Opt/Option",'
$(MAP_TARGET) : $(MAP_SHRTARGET) ',"${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT) ${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt",'
	$(MAP_LINKCMD) ',"${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT)",', PerlShr.Opt/Option
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "To install the new ""$(MAP_TARGET)"" binary, say"
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) inst_perl $(USEMACROS)MAP_TARGET=$(MAP_TARGET)$(ENDMACRO)"
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "To remove the intermediate files, say
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "    $(MMS)$(MMSQUALIFIERS)$(USEMAKEFILE)$(FIRST_MAKEFILE) map_clean"
';
    push @m,"\n${tmpdir}perlmain.c : \$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)\n\t\$(NOECHO) \$(PERL) -e 1 >${tmpdir}Writemain.tmp\n";
    push @m, "# More from the 255-char line length limit\n";
    foreach (@staticpkgs) {
	push @m,'	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -e "print q{',$_,qq[}" >>${tmpdir}Writemain.tmp\n];
    }

    push @m, sprintf <<'MAKE_FRAG', $tmpdir, $tmpdir;
	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) $(MAP_PERLINC) -ane "use ExtUtils::Miniperl; writemain(@F)" %sWritemain.tmp >$(MMS$TARGET)
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) %sWritemain.tmp
MAKE_FRAG

    push @m, q[
# Still more from the 255-char line length limit
doc_inst_perl :
	$(NOECHO) $(MKPATH) $(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "Perl binary $(MAP_TARGET)|" >.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) "MAP_STATIC|$(MAP_STATIC)|" >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(PERL) -pl040 -e " " ].$self->catfile('$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)','extralibs.all'),q[ >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(ECHO) -e "MAP_LIBPERL|$(MAP_LIBPERL)|" >>.MM_tmp
	$(NOECHO) $(DOC_INSTALL) <.MM_tmp >>].$self->catfile('$(DESTINSTALLARCHLIB)','perllocal.pod').q[
	$(NOECHO) $(RM_F) .MM_tmp
];

    push @m, "
inst_perl : pure_inst_perl doc_inst_perl
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

pure_inst_perl : \$(MAP_TARGET)
	$self->{CP} \$(MAP_SHRTARGET) ",$self->fixpath($Config{'installbin'},1),"
	$self->{CP} \$(MAP_TARGET) ",$self->fixpath($Config{'installbin'},1),"

clean :: map_clean
	\$(NOECHO) \$(NOOP)

map_clean :
	\$(RM_F) ${tmpdir}perlmain\$(OBJ_EXT) ${tmpdir}perlmain.c \$(FIRST_MAKEFILE)
	\$(RM_F) ${tmpdir}Makeaperl.Opt ${tmpdir}PerlShr.Opt \$(MAP_TARGET)
";

    join '', @m;
}
  
# --- Output postprocessing section ---

=item nicetext (override)

Insure that colons marking targets are preceded by space, in order
to distinguish the target delimiter from a colon appearing as
part of a filespec.

=cut

sub nicetext {
    my($self,$text) = @_;
    return $text if $text =~ m/^\w+\s*=/; # leave macro defs alone
    $text =~ s/([^\s:])(:+\s)/$1 $2/gs;
    $text;
}

=item prefixify (override)

prefixifying on VMS is simple.  Each should simply be:

    perl_root:[some.dir]

which can just be converted to:

    volume:[your.prefix.some.dir]

otherwise you get the default layout.

In effect, your search prefix is ignored and $Config{vms_prefix} is
used instead.

=cut

sub prefixify {
    my($self, $var, $sprefix, $rprefix, $default) = @_;

    # Translate $(PERLPREFIX) to a real path.
    $rprefix = $self->eliminate_macros($rprefix);
    $rprefix = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($rprefix) if $rprefix;
    $sprefix = VMS::Filespec::vmspath($sprefix) if $sprefix;

    $default = VMS::Filespec::vmsify($default) 
      unless $default =~ /\[.*\]/;

    (my $var_no_install = $var) =~ s/^install//;
    my $path = $self->{uc $var} || 
               $ExtUtils::MM_Unix::Config_Override{lc $var} || 
               $Config{lc $var} || $Config{lc $var_no_install};

    if( !$path ) {
        print STDERR "  no Config found for $var.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
        $path = $self->_prefixify_default($rprefix, $default);
    }
    elsif( $sprefix eq $rprefix ) {
        print STDERR "  no new prefix.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
    }
    else {

        print STDERR "  prefixify $var => $path\n"     if $Verbose >= 2;
        print STDERR "    from $sprefix to $rprefix\n" if $Verbose >= 2;

        my($path_vol, $path_dirs) = $self->splitpath( $path );
        if( $path_vol eq $Config{vms_prefix}.':' ) {
            print STDERR "  $Config{vms_prefix}: seen\n" if $Verbose >= 2;

            $path_dirs =~ s{^\[}{\[.} unless $path_dirs =~ m{^\[\.};
            $path = $self->_catprefix($rprefix, $path_dirs);
        }
        else {
            $path = $self->_prefixify_default($rprefix, $default);
        }
    }

    print "    now $path\n" if $Verbose >= 2;
    return $self->{uc $var} = $path;
}


sub _prefixify_default {
    my($self, $rprefix, $default) = @_;

    print STDERR "  cannot prefix, using default.\n" if $Verbose >= 2;

    if( !$default ) {
        print STDERR "No default!\n" if $Verbose >= 1;
        return;
    }
    if( !$rprefix ) {
        print STDERR "No replacement prefix!\n" if $Verbose >= 1;
        return '';
    }

    return $self->_catprefix($rprefix, $default);
}

sub _catprefix {
    my($self, $rprefix, $default) = @_;

    my($rvol, $rdirs) = $self->splitpath($rprefix);
    if( $rvol ) {
        return $self->catpath($rvol,
                                   $self->catdir($rdirs, $default),
                                   ''
                                  )
    }
    else {
        return $self->catdir($rdirs, $default);
    }
}


=item oneliner (o)

=cut

sub oneliner {
    my($self, $cmd, $switches) = @_;
    $switches = [] unless defined $switches;

    # Strip leading and trailing newlines
    $cmd =~ s{^\n+}{};
    $cmd =~ s{\n+$}{};

    $cmd = $self->quote_literal($cmd);
    $cmd = $self->escape_newlines($cmd);

    # Switches must be quoted else they will be lowercased.
    $switches = join ' ', map { qq{"$_"} } @$switches;

    return qq{\$(PERLRUN) $switches -e $cmd};
}


=item B<echo> (o)

perl trips up on "<foo>" thinking it's an input redirect.  So we use the
native Write command instead.  Besides, its faster.

=cut

sub echo {
    my($self, $text, $file, $appending) = @_;
    $appending ||= 0;

    my $opencmd = $appending ? 'Open/Append' : 'Open/Write';

    my @cmds = ("\$(NOECHO) $opencmd MMECHOFILE $file ");
    push @cmds, map { '$(NOECHO) Write MMECHOFILE '.$self->quote_literal($_) } 
                split /\n/, $text;
    push @cmds, '$(NOECHO) Close MMECHOFILE';
    return @cmds;
}


=item quote_literal

=cut

sub quote_literal {
    my($self, $text) = @_;

    # I believe this is all we should need.
    $text =~ s{"}{""}g;

    return qq{"$text"};
}

=item escape_newlines

=cut

sub escape_newlines {
    my($self, $text) = @_;

    $text =~ s{\n}{-\n}g;

    return $text;
}

=item max_exec_len

256 characters.

=cut

sub max_exec_len {
    my $self = shift;

    return $self->{_MAX_EXEC_LEN} ||= 256;
}

=item init_linker (o)

=cut

sub init_linker {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->{EXPORT_LIST} ||= '$(BASEEXT).opt';

    my $shr = $Config{dbgprefix} . 'PERLSHR';
    if ($self->{PERL_SRC}) {
        $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||=
          $self->catfile($self->{PERL_SRC}, "$shr.$Config{'dlext'}");
    }
    else {
        $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE} ||=
          $ENV{$shr} ? $ENV{$shr} : "Sys\$Share:$shr.$Config{'dlext'}";
    }

    $self->{PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER} ||= '';
}

=item eliminate_macros

Expands MM[KS]/Make macros in a text string, using the contents of
identically named elements of C<%$self>, and returns the result
as a file specification in Unix syntax.

NOTE:  This is the canonical version of the method.  The version in
File::Spec::VMS is deprecated.

=cut

sub eliminate_macros {
    my($self,$path) = @_;
    return '' unless $path;
    $self = {} unless ref $self;

    if ($path =~ /\s/) {
      return join ' ', map { $self->eliminate_macros($_) } split /\s+/, $path;
    }

    my($npath) = unixify($path);
    # sometimes unixify will return a string with an off-by-one trailing null
    $npath =~ s{\0$}{};

    my($complex) = 0;
    my($head,$macro,$tail);

    # perform m##g in scalar context so it acts as an iterator
    while ($npath =~ m#(.*?)\$\((\S+?)\)(.*)#gs) { 
        if (defined $self->{$2}) {
            ($head,$macro,$tail) = ($1,$2,$3);
            if (ref $self->{$macro}) {
                if (ref $self->{$macro} eq 'ARRAY') {
                    $macro = join ' ', @{$self->{$macro}};
                }
                else {
                    print "Note: can't expand macro \$($macro) containing ",ref($self->{$macro}),
                          "\n\t(using MMK-specific deferred substitutuon; MMS will break)\n";
                    $macro = "\cB$macro\cB";
                    $complex = 1;
                }
            }
            else { ($macro = unixify($self->{$macro})) =~ s#/\Z(?!\n)##; }
            $npath = "$head$macro$tail";
        }
    }
    if ($complex) { $npath =~ s#\cB(.*?)\cB#\${$1}#gs; }
    $npath;
}

=item fixpath

Catchall routine to clean up problem MM[SK]/Make macros.  Expands macros
in any directory specification, in order to avoid juxtaposing two
VMS-syntax directories when MM[SK] is run.  Also expands expressions which
are all macro, so that we can tell how long the expansion is, and avoid
overrunning DCL's command buffer when MM[KS] is running.

If optional second argument has a TRUE value, then the return string is
a VMS-syntax directory specification, if it is FALSE, the return string
is a VMS-syntax file specification, and if it is not specified, fixpath()
checks to see whether it matches the name of a directory in the current
default directory, and returns a directory or file specification accordingly.

NOTE:  This is the canonical version of the method.  The version in
File::Spec::VMS is deprecated.

=cut

sub fixpath {
    my($self,$path,$force_path) = @_;
    return '' unless $path;
    $self = bless {} unless ref $self;
    my($fixedpath,$prefix,$name);

    if ($path =~ /\s/) {
      return join ' ',
             map { $self->fixpath($_,$force_path) }
	     split /\s+/, $path;
    }

    if ($path =~ m#^\$\([^\)]+\)\Z(?!\n)#s || $path =~ m#[/:>\]]#) { 
        if ($force_path or $path =~ /(?:DIR\)|\])\Z(?!\n)/) {
            $fixedpath = vmspath($self->eliminate_macros($path));
        }
        else {
            $fixedpath = vmsify($self->eliminate_macros($path));
        }
    }
    elsif ((($prefix,$name) = ($path =~ m#^\$\(([^\)]+)\)(.+)#s)) && $self->{$prefix}) {
        my($vmspre) = $self->eliminate_macros("\$($prefix)");
        # is it a dir or just a name?
        $vmspre = ($vmspre =~ m|/| or $prefix =~ /DIR\Z(?!\n)/) ? vmspath($vmspre) : '';
        $fixedpath = ($vmspre ? $vmspre : $self->{$prefix}) . $name;
        $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if $force_path;
    }
    else {
        $fixedpath = $path;
        $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if $force_path;
    }
    # No hints, so we try to guess
    if (!defined($force_path) and $fixedpath !~ /[:>(.\]]/) {
        $fixedpath = vmspath($fixedpath) if -d $fixedpath;
    }

    # Trim off root dirname if it's had other dirs inserted in front of it.
    $fixedpath =~ s/\.000000([\]>])/$1/;
    # Special case for VMS absolute directory specs: these will have had device
    # prepended during trip through Unix syntax in eliminate_macros(), since
    # Unix syntax has no way to express "absolute from the top of this device's
    # directory tree".
    if ($path =~ /^[\[>][^.\-]/) { $fixedpath =~ s/^[^\[<]+//; }

    return $fixedpath;
}


=item os_flavor

VMS is VMS.

=cut

sub os_flavor {
    return('VMS');
}

=back

=cut

1;