Commit | Line | Data |
996be9ee |
1 | package DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::DBI; |
2 | |
3 | use strict; |
4 | use warnings; |
abaf2c66 |
5 | use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base/; |
942bd5e0 |
6 | use mro 'c3'; |
61d1cca1 |
7 | use Try::Tiny; |
c4a69b87 |
8 | use List::MoreUtils 'any'; |
61d1cca1 |
9 | use namespace::clean; |
c4a69b87 |
10 | use DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Table (); |
996be9ee |
11 | |
6bb8fa3c |
12 | our $VERSION = '0.07013'; |
32f784fc |
13 | |
3b17d988 |
14 | __PACKAGE__->mk_group_accessors('simple', qw/ |
15 | _disable_pk_detection |
16 | _disable_uniq_detection |
17 | _disable_fk_detection |
18 | _passwords |
c4a69b87 |
19 | quote_char |
20 | name_sep |
3b17d988 |
21 | /); |
22 | |
996be9ee |
23 | =head1 NAME |
24 | |
25 | DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::DBI - DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader DBI Implementation. |
26 | |
27 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
28 | |
29 | See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> |
30 | |
31 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
32 | |
33 | This is the base class for L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> classes for |
34 | DBI-based storage backends, and implements the common functionality between them. |
35 | |
36 | See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base> for the available options. |
37 | |
38 | =head1 METHODS |
39 | |
40 | =head2 new |
41 | |
42 | Overlays L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base/new> to do some DBI-specific |
43 | things. |
44 | |
45 | =cut |
46 | |
47 | sub new { |
48 | my $self = shift->next::method(@_); |
49 | |
71a6e88a |
50 | # rebless to vendor-specific class if it exists and loads and we're not in a |
51 | # custom class. |
52 | if (not $self->loader_class) { |
c4a69b87 |
53 | my $driver = $self->dbh->{Driver}->{Name}; |
71a6e88a |
54 | |
55 | my $subclass = 'DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::DBI::' . $driver; |
56 | if ($self->load_optional_class($subclass)) { |
57 | bless $self, $subclass unless $self->isa($subclass); |
58 | $self->_rebless; |
59 | } |
996be9ee |
60 | } |
61 | |
62 | # Set up the default quoting character and name seperators |
c4a69b87 |
63 | $self->quote_char($self->_build_quote_char); |
64 | $self->name_sep($self->_build_name_sep); |
996be9ee |
65 | |
66 | $self->_setup; |
67 | |
68 | $self; |
69 | } |
70 | |
c4a69b87 |
71 | sub _build_quote_char { |
77d3753e |
72 | my $self = shift; |
c4a69b87 |
73 | |
74 | my $quote_char = $self->dbh->get_info(29) |
77d3753e |
75 | || $self->schema->storage->sql_maker->quote_char |
76 | || q{"}; |
c4a69b87 |
77 | |
78 | # For our usage as regex matches, concatenating multiple quote_char |
79 | # values works fine (e.g. s/[\Q<>\E]// if quote_char was [ '<', '>' ]) |
80 | if (ref $quote_char eq 'ARRAY') { |
81 | $quote_char = join '', @$quote_char; |
82 | } |
83 | |
84 | return $quote_char; |
77d3753e |
85 | } |
86 | |
c4a69b87 |
87 | sub _build_name_sep { |
77d3753e |
88 | my $self = shift; |
c4a69b87 |
89 | return $self->dbh->get_info(41) |
77d3753e |
90 | || $self->schema->storage->sql_maker->name_sep |
c4a69b87 |
91 | || '.'; |
77d3753e |
92 | } |
93 | |
996be9ee |
94 | # Override this in vendor modules to do things at the end of ->new() |
95 | sub _setup { } |
96 | |
6ae3f335 |
97 | # Override this in vendor module to load a subclass if necessary |
98 | sub _rebless { } |
99 | |
c4a69b87 |
100 | sub _system_schemas { |
101 | return ('information_schema'); |
102 | } |
103 | |
104 | sub _system_tables { |
105 | return (); |
106 | } |
107 | |
108 | sub _dbh_tables { |
109 | my ($self, $schema) = (shift, shift); |
110 | |
111 | my ($table_pattern, $table_type_pattern) = @_ ? @_ : ('%', '%'); |
112 | |
113 | return $self->dbh->tables(undef, $schema, $table_pattern, $table_type_pattern); |
114 | } |
115 | |
116 | # default to be overridden in subclasses if necessary |
117 | sub _supports_db_schema { 1 } |
118 | |
119 | # Returns an array of table objects |
996be9ee |
120 | sub _tables_list { |
bfb43060 |
121 | my ($self, $opts) = (shift, shift); |
996be9ee |
122 | |
c4a69b87 |
123 | my @tables; |
124 | |
125 | my $qt = qr/[\Q$self->{quote_char}\E"'`\[\]]/; |
126 | my $nqt = qr/[^\Q$self->{quote_char}\E"'`\[\]]/; |
127 | my $ns = qr/[\Q$self->{name_sep}\E]/; |
128 | my $nns = qr/[^\Q$self->{name_sep}\E]/; |
129 | |
130 | foreach my $schema (@{ $self->db_schema || [undef] }) { |
131 | my @raw_table_names = $self->_dbh_tables($schema, @_); |
132 | |
133 | TABLE: foreach my $raw_table_name (@raw_table_names) { |
134 | my $quoted = $raw_table_name =~ /^$qt/; |
135 | |
136 | # These regexes are not entirely correct, but hopefully they will work |
137 | # in most cases. RT reports welcome. |
138 | my ($schema_name, $table_name1, $table_name2) = $quoted ? |
139 | $raw_table_name =~ /^(?:${qt}(${nqt}+?)${qt}${ns})?(?:${qt}(.+?)${qt}|(${nns}+))\z/ |
140 | : |
141 | $raw_table_name =~ /^(?:(${nns}+?)${ns})?(?:${qt}(.+?)${qt}|(${nns}+))\z/; |
142 | |
143 | my $table_name = $table_name1 || $table_name2; |
144 | |
145 | foreach my $system_schema ($self->_system_schemas) { |
146 | if ($schema_name) { |
147 | my $matches = 0; |
148 | |
149 | if (ref $system_schema) { |
150 | $matches = 1 |
151 | if $schema_name =~ $system_schema |
152 | && $schema !~ $system_schema; |
153 | } |
154 | else { |
155 | $matches = 1 |
156 | if $schema_name eq $system_schema |
157 | && $schema ne $system_schema; |
158 | } |
159 | |
160 | next TABLE if $matches; |
161 | } |
162 | } |
163 | |
164 | foreach my $system_table ($self->_system_tables) { |
165 | my $matches = 0; |
e57fd726 |
166 | |
c4a69b87 |
167 | if (ref $system_table) { |
168 | $matches = 1 if $table_name =~ $system_table; |
169 | } |
170 | else { |
171 | $matches = 1 if $table_name eq $system_table |
172 | } |
77d3753e |
173 | |
c4a69b87 |
174 | next TABLE if $matches; |
175 | } |
176 | |
177 | $schema_name ||= $schema; |
385c593b |
178 | |
c4a69b87 |
179 | my $table = DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Table->new( |
180 | loader => $self, |
181 | name => $table_name, |
182 | schema => $schema_name, |
183 | ($self->_supports_db_schema ? () : ( |
184 | ignore_schema => 1 |
185 | )), |
186 | ); |
c5ff1f26 |
187 | |
c4a69b87 |
188 | push @tables, $table; |
189 | } |
385c593b |
190 | } |
996be9ee |
191 | |
bfb43060 |
192 | return $self->_filter_tables(\@tables, $opts); |
075aff97 |
193 | } |
194 | |
bfb43060 |
195 | # apply constraint/exclude and ignore bad tables and views |
075aff97 |
196 | sub _filter_tables { |
bfb43060 |
197 | my ($self, $tables, $opts) = @_; |
075aff97 |
198 | |
bfb43060 |
199 | my @tables = @$tables; |
075aff97 |
200 | my @filtered_tables; |
201 | |
bfb43060 |
202 | $opts ||= {}; |
203 | my $constraint = $opts->{constraint}; |
204 | my $exclude = $opts->{exclude}; |
205 | |
2db2c898 |
206 | @tables = grep { /$constraint/ } @tables if defined $constraint; |
207 | @tables = grep { ! /$exclude/ } @tables if defined $exclude; |
bfb43060 |
208 | |
c4a69b87 |
209 | TABLE: for my $table (@tables) { |
61d1cca1 |
210 | try { |
afcd3c32 |
211 | local $^W = 0; # for ADO |
805dbe0a |
212 | my $sth = $self->_sth_for($table, undef, \'1 = 0'); |
213 | $sth->execute; |
c4a69b87 |
214 | 1; |
075aff97 |
215 | } |
61d1cca1 |
216 | catch { |
217 | warn "Bad table or view '$table', ignoring: $_\n"; |
c4a69b87 |
218 | 0; |
219 | } or next TABLE; |
61d1cca1 |
220 | |
221 | push @filtered_tables, $table; |
075aff97 |
222 | } |
223 | |
224 | return @filtered_tables; |
996be9ee |
225 | } |
226 | |
12af3806 |
227 | =head2 load |
228 | |
229 | We override L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base/load> here to hook in our localized settings for C<$dbh> error handling. |
230 | |
231 | =cut |
232 | |
233 | sub load { |
234 | my $self = shift; |
235 | |
c4a69b87 |
236 | local $self->dbh->{RaiseError} = 1; |
237 | local $self->dbh->{PrintError} = 0; |
12b86f07 |
238 | |
c4a69b87 |
239 | $self->next::method(@_); |
996be9ee |
240 | |
c4a69b87 |
241 | $self->schema->storage->disconnect unless $self->dynamic; |
075aff97 |
242 | } |
243 | |
244 | sub _sth_for { |
245 | my ($self, $table, $fields, $where) = @_; |
246 | |
c4a69b87 |
247 | my $sth = $self->dbh->prepare($self->schema->storage->sql_maker |
248 | ->select(\$table->sql_name, $fields, $where)); |
075aff97 |
249 | |
250 | return $sth; |
251 | } |
252 | |
253 | # Returns an arrayref of column names |
254 | sub _table_columns { |
255 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
256 | |
257 | my $sth = $self->_sth_for($table, undef, \'1 = 0'); |
996be9ee |
258 | $sth->execute; |
bc1cb85e |
259 | my $retval = $self->preserve_case ? \@{$sth->{NAME}} : \@{$sth->{NAME_lc}}; |
3b7f80f9 |
260 | $sth->finish; |
261 | |
262 | $retval; |
996be9ee |
263 | } |
264 | |
265 | # Returns arrayref of pk col names |
266 | sub _table_pk_info { |
fd589700 |
267 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
996be9ee |
268 | |
3b17d988 |
269 | return [] if $self->_disable_pk_detection; |
270 | |
3b17d988 |
271 | my @primary = try { |
c4a69b87 |
272 | $self->dbh->primary_key('', $table->schema, $table->name); |
3b17d988 |
273 | } |
274 | catch { |
275 | warn "Cannot find primary keys for this driver: $_"; |
276 | $self->_disable_pk_detection(1); |
277 | return (); |
278 | }; |
279 | |
280 | return [] if not @primary; |
281 | |
282 | @primary = map { $self->_lc($_) } @primary; |
c4a69b87 |
283 | s/[\Q$self->{quote_char}\E]//g for @primary; |
996be9ee |
284 | |
285 | return \@primary; |
286 | } |
287 | |
fd589700 |
288 | # Override this for vendor-specific uniq info |
996be9ee |
289 | sub _table_uniq_info { |
fd589700 |
290 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
291 | |
3b17d988 |
292 | return [] if $self->_disable_uniq_detection; |
293 | |
c4a69b87 |
294 | if (not $self->dbh->can('statistics_info')) { |
3b17d988 |
295 | warn "No UNIQUE constraint information can be gathered for this driver"; |
296 | $self->_disable_uniq_detection(1); |
fd589700 |
297 | return []; |
298 | } |
299 | |
300 | my %indices; |
c4a69b87 |
301 | my $sth = $self->dbh->statistics_info(undef, $table->schema, $table->name, 1, 1); |
fd589700 |
302 | while(my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) { |
303 | # skip table-level stats, conditional indexes, and any index missing |
304 | # critical fields |
305 | next if $row->{TYPE} eq 'table' |
306 | || defined $row->{FILTER_CONDITION} |
307 | || !$row->{INDEX_NAME} |
308 | || !defined $row->{ORDINAL_POSITION} |
309 | || !$row->{COLUMN_NAME}; |
310 | |
3b17d988 |
311 | $indices{$row->{INDEX_NAME}}[$row->{ORDINAL_POSITION}] = $self->_lc($row->{COLUMN_NAME}); |
fd589700 |
312 | } |
3b7f80f9 |
313 | $sth->finish; |
fd589700 |
314 | |
315 | my @retval; |
316 | foreach my $index_name (keys %indices) { |
317 | my $index = $indices{$index_name}; |
3b17d988 |
318 | push(@retval, [ $index_name => [ @$index[1..$#$index] ] ]); |
fd589700 |
319 | } |
320 | |
321 | return \@retval; |
996be9ee |
322 | } |
323 | |
c4a69b87 |
324 | sub _table_comment { |
325 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
5c06aa08 |
326 | |
b21abfca |
327 | my $comments_table = $table->clone; |
328 | $comments_table->name($self->table_comments_table); |
5c06aa08 |
329 | |
3bad938a |
330 | my ($comment) = try { $self->dbh->selectrow_array(<<"EOF") }; |
c4a69b87 |
331 | SELECT comment_text |
b21abfca |
332 | FROM @{[ $comments_table->sql_name ]} |
3bad938a |
333 | WHERE table_name = @{[ $self->dbh->quote($table->name) ]} |
c4a69b87 |
334 | EOF |
5c06aa08 |
335 | |
c4a69b87 |
336 | return $comment; |
5c06aa08 |
337 | } |
338 | |
339 | sub _column_comment { |
b21abfca |
340 | my ($self, $table, $column_number, $column_name) = @_; |
c4a69b87 |
341 | |
b21abfca |
342 | my $comments_table = $table->clone; |
343 | $comments_table->name($self->column_comments_table); |
c4a69b87 |
344 | |
3bad938a |
345 | my ($comment) = try { $self->dbh->selectrow_array(<<"EOF") }; |
c4a69b87 |
346 | SELECT comment_text |
b21abfca |
347 | FROM @{[ $comments_table->sql_name ]} |
3bad938a |
348 | WHERE table_name = @{[ $self->dbh->quote($table->name) ]} |
349 | AND column_name = @{[ $self->dbh->quote($column_name) ]} |
c4a69b87 |
350 | EOF |
351 | |
352 | return $comment; |
5c06aa08 |
353 | } |
354 | |
996be9ee |
355 | # Find relationships |
356 | sub _table_fk_info { |
357 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
358 | |
3b17d988 |
359 | return [] if $self->_disable_fk_detection; |
360 | |
3b17d988 |
361 | my $sth = try { |
c4a69b87 |
362 | $self->dbh->foreign_key_info( '', '', '', |
363 | '', ($table->schema || ''), $table->name ); |
3b17d988 |
364 | } |
365 | catch { |
366 | warn "Cannot introspect relationships for this driver: $_"; |
367 | $self->_disable_fk_detection(1); |
368 | return undef; |
369 | }; |
370 | |
996be9ee |
371 | return [] if !$sth; |
372 | |
373 | my %rels; |
374 | |
375 | my $i = 1; # for unnamed rels, which hopefully have only 1 column ... |
c4a69b87 |
376 | REL: while(my $raw_rel = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref) { |
377 | my $uk_scm = $raw_rel->[1]; |
996be9ee |
378 | my $uk_tbl = $raw_rel->[2]; |
c930f78b |
379 | my $uk_col = $self->_lc($raw_rel->[3]); |
c4a69b87 |
380 | my $fk_scm = $raw_rel->[5]; |
c930f78b |
381 | my $fk_col = $self->_lc($raw_rel->[7]); |
996be9ee |
382 | my $relid = ($raw_rel->[11] || ( "__dcsld__" . $i++ )); |
c4a69b87 |
383 | |
384 | foreach my $var ($uk_scm, $uk_tbl, $uk_col, $fk_scm, $fk_col, $relid) { |
385 | $var =~ s/[\Q$self->{quote_char}\E]//g; |
386 | } |
387 | |
388 | if ($self->db_schema && $self->db_schema->[0] ne '%' |
389 | && (not any { $_ eq $uk_scm } @{ $self->db_schema })) { |
390 | |
391 | next REL; |
392 | } |
393 | |
394 | $rels{$relid}{tbl} = DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Table->new( |
395 | loader => $self, |
396 | name => $uk_tbl, |
397 | schema => $uk_scm, |
398 | ($self->_supports_db_schema ? () : ( |
399 | ignore_schema => 1 |
400 | )), |
401 | ); |
402 | $rels{$relid}{cols}{$uk_col} = $fk_col; |
996be9ee |
403 | } |
3b7f80f9 |
404 | $sth->finish; |
996be9ee |
405 | |
406 | my @rels; |
407 | foreach my $relid (keys %rels) { |
408 | push(@rels, { |
409 | remote_columns => [ keys %{$rels{$relid}->{cols}} ], |
410 | local_columns => [ values %{$rels{$relid}->{cols}} ], |
411 | remote_table => $rels{$relid}->{tbl}, |
412 | }); |
413 | } |
414 | |
415 | return \@rels; |
416 | } |
417 | |
12af3806 |
418 | # ported in from DBIx::Class::Storage::DBI: |
419 | sub _columns_info_for { |
420 | my ($self, $table) = @_; |
421 | |
422 | my $dbh = $self->schema->storage->dbh; |
423 | |
61d1cca1 |
424 | my %result; |
425 | |
12af3806 |
426 | if ($dbh->can('column_info')) { |
c4a69b87 |
427 | my $sth = $self->_dbh_column_info($dbh, undef, $table->schema, $table->name, '%' ); |
61d1cca1 |
428 | while ( my $info = $sth->fetchrow_hashref() ){ |
429 | my $column_info = {}; |
430 | $column_info->{data_type} = lc $info->{TYPE_NAME}; |
431 | |
432 | my $size = $info->{COLUMN_SIZE}; |
433 | |
434 | if (defined $size && defined $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS}) { |
435 | $column_info->{size} = [$size, $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS}]; |
12af3806 |
436 | } |
61d1cca1 |
437 | elsif (defined $size) { |
438 | $column_info->{size} = $size; |
439 | } |
440 | |
441 | $column_info->{is_nullable} = $info->{NULLABLE} ? 1 : 0; |
442 | $column_info->{default_value} = $info->{COLUMN_DEF} if defined $info->{COLUMN_DEF}; |
443 | my $col_name = $info->{COLUMN_NAME}; |
444 | $col_name =~ s/^\"(.*)\"$/$1/; |
445 | |
446 | $col_name = $self->_lc($col_name); |
c38ec663 |
447 | |
61d1cca1 |
448 | my $extra_info = $self->_extra_column_info( |
449 | $table, $col_name, $column_info, $info |
450 | ) || {}; |
451 | $column_info = { %$column_info, %$extra_info }; |
452 | |
453 | $result{$col_name} = $column_info; |
454 | } |
455 | $sth->finish; |
456 | |
457 | return \%result if %result; |
12af3806 |
458 | } |
459 | |
075aff97 |
460 | my $sth = $self->_sth_for($table, undef, \'1 = 0'); |
12af3806 |
461 | $sth->execute; |
61d1cca1 |
462 | |
ed18888f |
463 | my @columns = @{ $sth->{NAME} }; |
61d1cca1 |
464 | |
465 | for my $i (0 .. $#columns) { |
23d1f36b |
466 | my $column_info = {}; |
57a9fc92 |
467 | $column_info->{data_type} = lc $sth->{TYPE}[$i]; |
26334ec1 |
468 | |
469 | my $size = $sth->{PRECISION}[$i]; |
470 | |
471 | if (defined $size && defined $sth->{SCALE}[$i]) { |
472 | $column_info->{size} = [$size, $sth->{SCALE}[$i]]; |
473 | } |
474 | elsif (defined $size) { |
475 | $column_info->{size} = $size; |
476 | } |
477 | |
57a9fc92 |
478 | $column_info->{is_nullable} = $sth->{NULLABLE}[$i] ? 1 : 0; |
23d1f36b |
479 | |
480 | if ($column_info->{data_type} =~ m/^(.*?)\((.*?)\)$/) { |
481 | $column_info->{data_type} = $1; |
482 | $column_info->{size} = $2; |
12af3806 |
483 | } |
484 | |
698c11d8 |
485 | my $extra_info = $self->_extra_column_info($table, $columns[$i], $column_info, $sth) || {}; |
23d1f36b |
486 | $column_info = { %$column_info, %$extra_info }; |
487 | |
61d1cca1 |
488 | $result{ $self->_lc($columns[$i]) } = $column_info; |
12af3806 |
489 | } |
6ce0bcc3 |
490 | $sth->finish; |
491 | |
492 | foreach my $col (keys %result) { |
493 | my $colinfo = $result{$col}; |
494 | my $type_num = $colinfo->{data_type}; |
495 | my $type_name; |
afcd3c32 |
496 | if (defined $type_num && $type_num =~ /^-?\d+\z/ && $dbh->can('type_info')) { |
5111e5d0 |
497 | my $type_name = $self->_dbh_type_info_type_name($type_num); |
cf0ba25b |
498 | $colinfo->{data_type} = lc $type_name if $type_name; |
6ce0bcc3 |
499 | } |
500 | } |
12af3806 |
501 | |
502 | return \%result; |
503 | } |
504 | |
23024b3f |
505 | # Need to override this for the buggy Firebird ODBC driver. |
5111e5d0 |
506 | sub _dbh_type_info_type_name { |
23024b3f |
507 | my ($self, $type_num) = @_; |
508 | |
354b6942 |
509 | # We wrap it in a try block for MSSQL+DBD::Sybase, which can have issues. |
510 | # TODO investigate further |
511 | my $type_info = try { $self->dbh->type_info($type_num) }; |
5111e5d0 |
512 | |
513 | return $type_info ? $type_info->{TYPE_NAME} : undef; |
23024b3f |
514 | } |
515 | |
db9c411a |
516 | # do not use this, override _columns_info_for instead |
a8df0345 |
517 | sub _extra_column_info {} |
c5baf131 |
518 | |
db9c411a |
519 | # override to mask warnings if needed (see mysql) |
520 | sub _dbh_column_info { |
521 | my ($self, $dbh) = (shift, shift); |
522 | |
523 | return $dbh->column_info(@_); |
524 | } |
525 | |
3b17d988 |
526 | # If a coderef uses DBI->connect, this should get its connect info. |
527 | sub _try_infer_connect_info_from_coderef { |
528 | my ($self, $code) = @_; |
529 | |
530 | my ($dsn, $user, $pass, $params); |
531 | |
532 | no warnings 'redefine'; |
533 | |
534 | local *DBI::connect = sub { |
535 | (undef, $dsn, $user, $pass, $params) = @_; |
536 | }; |
537 | |
538 | $code->(); |
539 | |
540 | return ($dsn, $user, $pass, $params); |
541 | } |
542 | |
c4a69b87 |
543 | sub dbh { |
544 | my $self = shift; |
545 | |
546 | return $self->schema->storage->dbh; |
547 | } |
548 | |
996be9ee |
549 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
550 | |
551 | L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader> |
552 | |
be80bba7 |
553 | =head1 AUTHOR |
554 | |
9cc8e7e1 |
555 | See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/AUTHOR> and L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/CONTRIBUTORS>. |
be80bba7 |
556 | |
557 | =head1 LICENSE |
558 | |
559 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under |
560 | the same terms as Perl itself. |
561 | |
996be9ee |
562 | =cut |
563 | |
564 | 1; |
26334ec1 |
565 | # vim:et sts=4 sw=4 tw=0: |