refactoring top-level loading code with an eye towards the ability to add new tables...

[dbsrgits/DBIx-Class-Schema-Loader.git] / lib / DBIx / Class / Schema / Loader / Base.pm

package DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base;

use strict;
use warnings;
use base qw/Class::Accessor::Fast/;
use Class::C3;
use Carp::Clan qw/^DBIx::Class/;
use UNIVERSAL::require;
use DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::RelBuilder;
use Data::Dump qw/ dump /;
use POSIX qw//;
use File::Spec qw//;
use Cwd qw//;
use Digest::MD5 qw//;
require DBIx::Class;

our $VERSION = '0.03999_01';

__PACKAGE__->mk_ro_accessors(qw/
                                schema
                                schema_class

                                exclude
                                constraint
                                additional_classes
                                additional_base_classes
                                left_base_classes
                                components
                                resultset_components
                                skip_relationships
                                moniker_map
                                inflect_singular
                                inflect_plural
                                debug
                                dump_directory
                                dump_overwrite

                                db_schema
                                _tables
                                classes
                                monikers
                             /);

=head1 NAME

DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base - Base DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader Implementation.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This is the base class for the storage-specific C<DBIx::Class::Schema::*>
classes, and implements the common functionality between them.

=head1 CONSTRUCTOR OPTIONS

These constructor options are the base options for
L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/loader_opts>.  Available constructor options are:

=head2 skip_relationships

Skip setting up relationships.  The default is to attempt the loading
of relationships.

=head2 debug

If set to true, each constructive L<DBIx::Class> statement the loader
decides to execute will be C<warn>-ed before execution.

=head2 db_schema

Set the name of the schema to load (schema in the sense that your database
vendor means it).  Does not currently support loading more than one schema
name.

=head2 constraint

Only load tables matching regex.  Best specified as a qr// regex.

=head2 exclude

Exclude tables matching regex.  Best specified as a qr// regex.

=head2 moniker_map

Overrides the default table name to moniker translation.  Can be either
a hashref of table keys and moniker values, or a coderef for a translator
function taking a single scalar table name argument and returning
a scalar moniker.  If the hash entry does not exist, or the function
returns a false value, the code falls back to default behavior
for that table name.

The default behavior is: C<join '', map ucfirst, split /[\W_]+/, lc $table>,
which is to say: lowercase everything, split up the table name into chunks
anywhere a non-alpha-numeric character occurs, change the case of first letter
of each chunk to upper case, and put the chunks back together.  Examples:

    Table Name  | Moniker Name
    ---------------------------
    luser       | Luser
    luser_group | LuserGroup
    luser-opts  | LuserOpts

=head2 inflect_plural

Just like L</moniker_map> above (can be hash/code-ref, falls back to default
if hash key does not exist or coderef returns false), but acts as a map
for pluralizing relationship names.  The default behavior is to utilize
L<Lingua::EN::Inflect::Number/to_PL>.

=head2 inflect_singular

As L</inflect_plural> above, but for singularizing relationship names.
Default behavior is to utilize L<Lingua::EN::Inflect::Number/to_S>.

=head2 additional_base_classes

List of additional base classes all of your table classes will use.

=head2 left_base_classes

List of additional base classes all of your table classes will use
that need to be leftmost.

=head2 additional_classes

List of additional classes which all of your table classes will use.

=head2 components

List of additional components to be loaded into all of your table
classes.  A good example would be C<ResultSetManager>.

=head2 resultset_components

List of additional ResultSet components to be loaded into your table
classes.  A good example would be C<AlwaysRS>.  Component
C<ResultSetManager> will be automatically added to the above
C<components> list if this option is set.

=head2 dump_directory

This option is designed to be a tool to help you transition from this
loader to a manually-defined schema when you decide it's time to do so.

The value of this option is a perl libdir pathname.  Within
that directory this module will create a baseline manual
L<DBIx::Class::Schema> module set, based on what it creates at runtime
in memory.

The created schema class will have the same classname as the one on
which you are setting this option (and the ResultSource classes will be
based on this name as well).

Normally you wouldn't hard-code this setting in your schema class, as it
is meant for one-time manual usage.

See L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader/dump_to_dir> for examples of the
recommended way to access this functionality.

=head2 dump_overwrite

Default false.  If true, Loader will unconditionally delete any existing
files before creating the new ones from scratch when dumping a schema to disk.

The default behavior is instead to only replace the top portion of the
file, up to and including the final stanza which contains
C<# DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE!>
leaving any customizations you placed after that as they were.

When C<dump_overwrite> is not set, if the output file already exists,
but the aforementioned final stanza is not found, or the checksum
contained there does not match the generated contents, Loader will
croak and not touch the file.

=head1 METHODS

None of these methods are intended for direct invocation by regular
users of L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>.  Anything you can find here
can also be found via standard L<DBIx::Class::Schema> methods somehow.

=cut

# ensure that a peice of object data is a valid arrayref, creating
# an empty one or encapsulating whatever's there.
sub _ensure_arrayref {
    my $self = shift;

    foreach (@_) {
        $self->{$_} ||= [];
        $self->{$_} = [ $self->{$_} ]
            unless ref $self->{$_} eq 'ARRAY';
    }
}

=head2 new

Constructor for L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::Base>, used internally
by L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>.

=cut

sub new {
    my ( $class, %args ) = @_;

    my $self = { %args };

    bless $self => $class;

    $self->{db_schema}  ||= '';
    $self->_ensure_arrayref(qw/additional_classes
                               additional_base_classes
                               left_base_classes
                               components
                               resultset_components
                              /);

    push(@{$self->{components}}, 'ResultSetManager')
        if @{$self->{resultset_components}};

    $self->{monikers} = {};
    $self->{classes} = {};

    $self->{schema_class} ||= ( ref $self->{schema} || $self->{schema} );
    $self->{schema} ||= $self->{schema_class};

    $self;
}

sub _find_file_in_inc {
    my ($self, $file) = @_;

    foreach my $prefix (@INC) {
        my $fullpath = $prefix . '/' . $file;
        return $fullpath if -f $fullpath;
    }

    return;
}

sub _load_external {
    my ($self, $class) = @_;

    my $class_path = $class;
    $class_path =~ s{::}{/}g;
    $class_path .= '.pm';

    my $inc_path = $self->_find_file_in_inc($class_path);

    return if !$inc_path;

    my $real_dump_path = $self->dump_directory
        ? Cwd::abs_path(
              File::Spec->catfile($self->dump_directory, $class_path)
          )
        : '';
    my $real_inc_path = Cwd::abs_path($inc_path);
    return if $real_inc_path eq $real_dump_path;

    $class->require;
    croak "Failed to load external class definition"
        . " for '$class': $@"
            if $@;

    # If we make it to here, we loaded an external definition
    warn qq/# Loaded external class definition for '$class'\n/
        if $self->debug;

    # The rest is only relevant when dumping
    return if !$self->dump_directory;

    croak 'Failed to locate actual external module file for '
          . "'$class'"
              if !$real_inc_path;
    open(my $fh, '<', $real_inc_path)
        or croak "Failed to open '$real_inc_path' for reading: $!";
    $self->_ext_stmt($class,
        qq|# These lines were loaded from '$real_inc_path' found in \@INC.|
        .q|# They are now part of the custom portion of this file|
        .q|# for you to hand-edit.  If you do not either delete|
        .q|# this section or remove that file from @INC, this section|
        .q|# will be repeated redundantly when you re-create this|
        .q|# file again via Loader!|
    );
    while(<$fh>) {
        chomp;
        $self->_ext_stmt($class, $_);
    }
    $self->_ext_stmt($class,
        q|# End of lines loaded from '$real_inc_path' |
    );
    close($fh)
        or croak "Failed to close $real_inc_path: $!";
}

=head2 load

Does the actual schema-construction work.

=cut

sub load {
    my $self = shift;

    # First, use _tables_list with constraint and exclude
    #  to get a list of tables to operate on

    my $constraint   = $self->constraint;
    my $exclude      = $self->exclude;
    my @tables       = sort $self->_tables_list;

    if(!@tables) {
        warn "No tables found in database, nothing to load";
    }
    else {
        @tables = grep { /$constraint/ } @tables if $constraint;
        @tables = grep { ! /$exclude/ } @tables if $exclude;

        warn "All tables excluded by constraint/exclude, nothing to load"
            if !@tables;
    }

    # Save the tables list
    $self->{_tables} = \@tables;

    # Set up classes/monikers
    {
        no warnings 'redefine';
        local *Class::C3::reinitialize = sub { };
        use warnings;

        $self->_make_src_class($_) for @tables;
    }

    Class::C3::reinitialize;

    $self->_setup_src_meta($_) for @tables;

    $self->_load_relationships if ! $self->skip_relationships;
    $self->_load_external($_)
        for ($self->schema_class, values %{$self->classes});

    $self->_dump_to_dir if $self->dump_directory;

    # Drop temporary cache
    delete $self->{_cache};

    1;
}

sub _get_dump_filename {
    my ($self, $class) = (@_);

    $class =~ s{::}{/}g;
    return $self->dump_directory . q{/} . $class . q{.pm};
}

sub _ensure_dump_subdirs {
    my ($self, $class) = (@_);

    my @name_parts = split(/::/, $class);
    pop @name_parts; # we don't care about the very last element,
                     # which is a filename

    my $dir = $self->dump_directory;
    while (1) {
        if(!-d $dir) {
            mkdir($dir) or croak "mkdir('$dir') failed: $!";
        }
        last if !@name_parts;
        $dir = File::Spec->catdir($dir, shift @name_parts);
    }
}

sub _dump_to_dir {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $target_dir = $self->dump_directory;

    my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;

    croak "Must specify target directory for dumping!" if ! $target_dir;

    warn "Dumping manual schema for $schema_class to directory $target_dir ...\n";

    my $schema_text =
          qq|package $schema_class;\n\n|
        . qq|use strict;\nuse warnings;\n\n|
        . qq|use base 'DBIx::Class::Schema';\n\n|
        . qq|__PACKAGE__->load_classes;\n|;

    $self->_write_classfile($schema_class, $schema_text);

    foreach my $src_class (sort keys %{$self->{_dump_storage}}) {
        my $src_text = 
              qq|package $src_class;\n\n|
            . qq|use strict;\nuse warnings;\n\n|
            . qq|use base 'DBIx::Class';\n\n|;

        $self->_write_classfile($src_class, $src_text);
    }

    warn "Schema dump completed.\n";
}

sub _write_classfile {
    my ($self, $class, $text) = @_;

    my $filename = $self->_get_dump_filename($class);
    $self->_ensure_dump_subdirs($class);

    if (-f $filename && $self->dump_overwrite) {
        warn "Deleting existing file '$filename' due to "
            . "'dump_overwrite' setting\n";
        unlink($filename);
    }    

    my $custom_content = $self->_get_custom_content($class, $filename);

    $custom_content ||= qq|\n# You can replace this text with custom|
        . qq| content, and it will be preserved on regeneration|
        . qq|\n1;\n|;

    $text .= qq|$_\n|
        for @{$self->{_dump_storage}->{$class} || []};

    $text .= qq|\n\n# Created by DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader|
        . qq| v| . $DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::VERSION
        . q| @ | . POSIX::strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', localtime)
        . qq|\n# DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE! md5sum:|;

    open(my $fh, '>', $filename)
        or croak "Cannot open '$filename' for writing: $!";

    # Write the top half and its MD5 sum
    print $fh $text . Digest::MD5::md5_base64($text) . "\n\n";

    # Write out anything loaded via external partial class file in @INC
    print $fh qq|$_\n|
        for @{$self->{_ext_storage}->{$class} || []};

    print $fh $custom_content;

    close($fh)
        or croak "Cannot close '$filename': $!";
}

sub _get_custom_content {
    my ($self, $class, $filename) = @_;

    return if ! -f $filename;
    open(my $fh, '<', $filename)
        or croak "Cannot open '$filename' for reading: $!";

    my $mark_re = 
        qr{^(# DO NOT MODIFY THIS OR ANYTHING ABOVE! md5sum:)([A-Za-z0-9/+]{22})\n};

    my $found = 0;
    my $buffer = '';
    while(<$fh>) {
        if(!$found && /$mark_re/) {
            $found = 1;
            $buffer .= $1;
            croak "Checksum mismatch in '$filename'"
                if Digest::MD5::md5_base64($buffer) ne $2;

            $buffer = '';
        }
        else {
            $buffer .= $_;
        }
    }

    croak "Cannot not overwrite '$filename' without 'dump_overwrite',"
        . " it does not appear to have been generated by Loader"
            if !$found;

    return $buffer;
}

sub _use {
    my $self = shift;
    my $target = shift;
    my $evalstr;

    foreach (@_) {
        warn "$target: use $_;" if $self->debug;
        $self->_raw_stmt($target, "use $_;");
        $_->require or croak ($_ . "->require: $@");
        $evalstr .= "package $target; use $_;";
    }
    eval $evalstr if $evalstr;
    croak $@ if $@;
}

sub _inject {
    my $self = shift;
    my $target = shift;
    my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;

    my $blist = join(q{ }, @_);
    warn "$target: use base qw/ $blist /;" if $self->debug && @_;
    $self->_raw_stmt($target, "use base qw/ $blist /;") if @_;
    foreach (@_) {
        $_->require or croak ($_ . "->require: $@");
        $schema_class->inject_base($target, $_);
    }
}

# Create class with applicable bases, setup monikers, etc
sub _make_src_class {
    my ($self, $table) = @_;

    my $schema       = $self->schema;
    my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;

    my $table_moniker = $self->_table2moniker($table);
    my $table_class = $schema_class . q{::} . $table_moniker;

    my $table_normalized = lc $table;
    $self->classes->{$table} = $table_class;
    $self->classes->{$table_normalized} = $table_class;
    $self->monikers->{$table} = $table_moniker;
    $self->monikers->{$table_normalized} = $table_moniker;

    { no strict 'refs'; @{"${table_class}::ISA"} = qw/DBIx::Class/ }

    $self->_use   ($table_class, @{$self->additional_classes});
    $self->_inject($table_class, @{$self->additional_base_classes});

    $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class, 'load_components', @{$self->components}, qw/PK::Auto Core/);

    $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class, 'load_resultset_components', @{$self->resultset_components})
        if @{$self->resultset_components};
    $self->_inject($table_class, @{$self->left_base_classes});
}

# Set up metadata (cols, pks, etc) and register the class with the schema
sub _setup_src_meta {
    my ($self, $table) = @_;

    my $schema       = $self->schema;
    my $schema_class = $self->schema_class;

    my $table_class = $self->classes->{$table};
    my $table_moniker = $self->monikers->{$table};

    $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class,'table',$table);

    my $cols = $self->_table_columns($table);
    my $col_info;
    eval { $col_info = $self->_columns_info_for($table) };
    if($@) {
        $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class,'add_columns',@$cols);
    }
    else {
        my %col_info_lc = map { lc($_), $col_info->{$_} } keys %$col_info;
        $self->_dbic_stmt(
            $table_class,
            'add_columns',
            map { $_, ($col_info_lc{$_}||{}) } @$cols
        );
    }

    my $pks = $self->_table_pk_info($table) || [];
    @$pks ? $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class,'set_primary_key',@$pks)
          : carp("$table has no primary key");

    my $uniqs = $self->_table_uniq_info($table) || [];
    $self->_dbic_stmt($table_class,'add_unique_constraint',@$_) for (@$uniqs);

    $schema_class->register_class($table_moniker, $table_class);
    $schema->register_class($table_moniker, $table_class) if $schema ne $schema_class;
}

=head2 tables

Returns a sorted list of loaded tables, using the original database table
names.

=cut

sub tables {
    my $self = shift;

    return @{$self->_tables};
}

# Make a moniker from a table
sub _table2moniker {
    my ( $self, $table ) = @_;

    my $moniker;

    if( ref $self->moniker_map eq 'HASH' ) {
        $moniker = $self->moniker_map->{$table};
    }
    elsif( ref $self->moniker_map eq 'CODE' ) {
        $moniker = $self->moniker_map->($table);
    }

    $moniker ||= join '', map ucfirst, split /[\W_]+/, lc $table;

    return $moniker;
}

sub _load_relationships {
    my $self = shift;

    # Construct the fk_info RelBuilder wants to see, by
    # translating table names to monikers in the _fk_info output
    my %fk_info;
    foreach my $table ($self->tables) {
        my $tbl_fk_info = $self->_table_fk_info($table);
        foreach my $fkdef (@$tbl_fk_info) {
            $fkdef->{remote_source} =
                $self->monikers->{delete $fkdef->{remote_table}};
        }
        my $moniker = $self->monikers->{$table};
        $fk_info{$moniker} = $tbl_fk_info;
    }

    my $relbuilder = DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader::RelBuilder->new(
        $self->schema_class, \%fk_info, $self->inflect_plural,
        $self->inflect_singular
    );

    my $rel_stmts = $relbuilder->generate_code;
    foreach my $src_class (sort keys %$rel_stmts) {
        my $src_stmts = $rel_stmts->{$src_class};
        foreach my $stmt (@$src_stmts) {
            $self->_dbic_stmt($src_class,$stmt->{method},@{$stmt->{args}});
        }
    }
}

# Overload these in driver class:

# Returns an arrayref of column names
sub _table_columns { croak "ABSTRACT METHOD" }

# Returns arrayref of pk col names
sub _table_pk_info { croak "ABSTRACT METHOD" }

# Returns an arrayref of uniqs [ [ foo => [ col1, col2 ] ], [ bar => [ ... ] ] ]
sub _table_uniq_info { croak "ABSTRACT METHOD" }

# Returns an arrayref of foreign key constraints, each
#   being a hashref with 3 keys:
#   local_columns (arrayref), remote_columns (arrayref), remote_table
sub _table_fk_info { croak "ABSTRACT METHOD" }

# Returns an array of lower case table names
sub _tables_list { croak "ABSTRACT METHOD" }

# Execute a constructive DBIC class method, with debug/dump_to_dir hooks.
sub _dbic_stmt {
    my $self = shift;
    my $class = shift;
    my $method = shift;

    if(!$self->debug && !$self->dump_directory) {
        $class->$method(@_);
        return;
    }

    my $args = dump(@_);
    $args = '(' . $args . ')' if @_ < 2;
    my $stmt = $method . $args . q{;};

    warn qq|$class\->$stmt\n| if $self->debug;
    $class->$method(@_);
    $self->_raw_stmt($class, '__PACKAGE__->' . $stmt);
}

# Store a raw source line for a class (for dumping purposes)
sub _raw_stmt {
    my ($self, $class, $stmt) = @_;
    push(@{$self->{_dump_storage}->{$class}}, $stmt) if $self->dump_directory;
}

# Like above, but separately for the externally loaded stuff
sub _ext_stmt {
    my ($self, $class, $stmt) = @_;
    push(@{$self->{_ext_storage}->{$class}}, $stmt) if $self->dump_directory;
}

=head2 monikers

Returns a hashref of loaded table to moniker mappings.  There will
be two entries for each table, the original name and the "normalized"
name, in the case that the two are different (such as databases
that like uppercase table names, or preserve your original mixed-case
definitions, or what-have-you).

=head2 classes

Returns a hashref of table to class mappings.  In some cases it will
contain multiple entries per table for the original and normalized table
names, as above in L</monikers>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<DBIx::Class::Schema::Loader>

=cut

1;