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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
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3 | Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authentication - Catalyst Tutorial - Part 4: Authentication |
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4 | |
5 | |
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6 | =head1 OVERVIEW |
7 | |
8 | This is B<Part 4 of 9> for the Catalyst tutorial. |
9 | |
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10 | L<Tutorial Overview|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial> |
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11 | |
12 | =over 4 |
13 | |
14 | =item 1 |
15 | |
16 | L<Introduction|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Intro> |
17 | |
18 | =item 2 |
19 | |
20 | L<Catalyst Basics|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::CatalystBasics> |
21 | |
22 | =item 3 |
23 | |
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24 | L<Basic CRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial_BasicCRUD> |
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25 | |
26 | =item 4 |
27 | |
28 | B<Authentication> |
29 | |
30 | =item 5 |
31 | |
32 | L<Authorization|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Authorization> |
33 | |
34 | =item 6 |
35 | |
36 | L<Debugging|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Debugging> |
37 | |
38 | =item 7 |
39 | |
40 | L<Testing|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Testing> |
41 | |
42 | =item 8 |
43 | |
44 | L<AdvancedCRUD|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::AdvancedCRUD> |
45 | |
46 | =item 9 |
47 | |
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48 | L<Appendices|Catalyst::Manual::Tutorial::Appendicies> |
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49 | |
50 | =back |
51 | |
52 | |
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53 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
54 | |
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55 | Now that we finally have a simple yet functional application, we can |
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56 | focus on providing authentication (with authorization coming next in |
57 | Part 5). |
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58 | |
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59 | This part of the tutorial is divided into two main sections: 1) basic, |
60 | cleartext authentication and 2) hash-based authentication. |
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61 | |
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62 | B<TIP>: Note that all of the code for this part of the tutorial can be |
63 | pulled from the Catalyst Subversion repository in one step with the |
64 | following command: |
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65 | |
66 | svn checkout http://dev.catalyst.perl.org/repos/Catalyst/trunk/examples/Tutorial@### |
67 | IMPORTANT: Does not work yet. Will be completed for final version. |
68 | |
69 | |
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70 | =head1 BASIC AUTHENTICATION |
71 | |
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72 | This section explores how to add authentication logic to a Catalyst |
73 | application. |
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74 | |
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75 | |
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76 | =head2 Add Users and Roles to the Database |
77 | |
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78 | First, we add both user and role information to the database (we will |
79 | add the role information here although it will not be used until the |
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80 | authorization section, Part 5). Create a new SQL script file by opening |
81 | C<myapp02.sql> in your editor and insert: |
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82 | |
83 | -- |
84 | -- Add users and roles tables, along with a many-to-many join table |
85 | -- |
86 | CREATE TABLE users ( |
87 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
88 | username TEXT, |
89 | password TEXT, |
90 | email_address TEXT, |
91 | first_name TEXT, |
92 | last_name TEXT, |
93 | active INTEGER |
94 | ); |
95 | CREATE TABLE roles ( |
96 | id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, |
97 | role TEXT |
98 | ); |
99 | CREATE TABLE user_roles ( |
100 | user_id INTEGER, |
101 | role_id INTEGER, |
102 | PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id) |
103 | ); |
104 | -- |
105 | -- Load up some initial test data |
106 | -- |
107 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'test01', 'mypass', 't01@na.com', 'Joe', 'Blow', 1); |
108 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (2, 'test02', 'mypass', 't02@na.com', 'Jane', 'Doe', 1); |
109 | INSERT INTO users VALUES (3, 'test03', 'mypass', 't03@na.com', 'No', 'Go', 0); |
110 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (1, 'user'); |
111 | INSERT INTO roles VALUES (2, 'admin'); |
112 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 1); |
113 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (1, 2); |
114 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (2, 1); |
115 | INSERT INTO user_roles VALUES (3, 1); |
116 | |
117 | Then load this into the C<myapp.db> database with the following command: |
118 | |
119 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp02.sql |
120 | |
121 | |
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122 | =head2 Add User and Role Information to DBIC Schema |
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123 | |
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124 | This step adds DBIC-based classes for the user-related database tables |
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125 | (the role information will not be used until Part 5): |
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126 | |
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127 | Edit C<lib/MyAppDB.pm> and update the contents to match (only the |
128 | C<MyAppDB =E<gt> [qw/Book BookAuthor Author User UserRole Role/]> line |
129 | has changed): |
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130 | |
131 | package MyAppDB; |
132 | |
133 | =head1 NAME |
134 | |
135 | MyAppDB -- DBIC Schema Class |
136 | |
137 | =cut |
138 | |
139 | # Our schema needs to inherit from 'DBIx::Class::Schema' |
140 | use base qw/DBIx::Class::Schema/; |
141 | |
142 | # Need to load the DB Model classes here. |
143 | # You can use this syntax if you want: |
144 | # __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw/Book BookAuthor Author User UserRole Role/); |
145 | # Also, if you simply want to load all of the classes in a directory |
146 | # of the same name as your schema class (as we do here) you can use: |
147 | # __PACKAGE__->load_classes(qw//); |
148 | # But the variation below is more flexible in that it can be used to |
149 | # load from multiple namespaces. |
150 | __PACKAGE__->load_classes({ |
151 | MyAppDB => [qw/Book BookAuthor Author User UserRole Role/] |
152 | }); |
153 | |
154 | 1; |
155 | |
156 | |
157 | =head2 Create New "Result Source Objects" |
158 | |
159 | Create the following three files with the content shown below. |
160 | |
161 | C<lib/MyAppDB/User.pm>: |
162 | |
163 | package MyAppDB::User; |
164 | |
165 | use base qw/DBIx::Class/; |
166 | |
167 | # Load required DBIC stuff |
168 | __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); |
169 | # Set the table name |
170 | __PACKAGE__->table('users'); |
171 | # Set columns in table |
172 | __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/id username password email_address first_name last_name/); |
173 | # Set the primary key for the table |
174 | __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('id'); |
175 | |
176 | # |
177 | # Set relationships: |
178 | # |
179 | |
180 | # has_many(): |
181 | # args: |
182 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
183 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
184 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
185 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyAppDB::UserRole', 'user_id'); |
186 | |
187 | |
188 | =head1 NAME |
189 | |
190 | MyAppDB::User - A model object representing a person with access to the system. |
191 | |
192 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
193 | |
194 | This is an object that represents a row in the 'users' table of your application |
195 | database. It uses DBIx::Class (aka, DBIC) to do ORM. |
196 | |
197 | For Catalyst, this is designed to be used through MyApp::Model::MyAppDB. |
198 | Offline utilities may wish to use this class directly. |
199 | |
200 | =cut |
201 | |
202 | 1; |
203 | |
204 | |
205 | C<lib/MyAppDB/Role.pm>: |
206 | |
207 | package MyAppDB::Role; |
208 | |
209 | use base qw/DBIx::Class/; |
210 | |
211 | # Load required DBIC stuff |
212 | __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); |
213 | # Set the table name |
214 | __PACKAGE__->table('roles'); |
215 | # Set columns in table |
216 | __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/id role/); |
217 | # Set the primary key for the table |
218 | __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key('id'); |
219 | |
220 | # |
221 | # Set relationships: |
222 | # |
223 | |
224 | # has_many(): |
225 | # args: |
226 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
227 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
228 | # 3) Column name in *foreign* table |
229 | __PACKAGE__->has_many(map_user_role => 'MyAppDB::UserRole', 'role_id'); |
230 | |
231 | |
232 | =head1 NAME |
233 | |
234 | MyAppDB::Role - A model object representing a class of access permissions to |
235 | the system. |
236 | |
237 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
238 | |
239 | This is an object that represents a row in the 'roles' table of your |
240 | application database. It uses DBIx::Class (aka, DBIC) to do ORM. |
241 | |
242 | For Catalyst, this is designed to be used through MyApp::Model::MyAppDB. |
243 | "Offline" utilities may wish to use this class directly. |
244 | |
245 | =cut |
246 | |
247 | 1; |
248 | |
249 | |
250 | C<lib/MyAppDB/UserRole.pm>: |
251 | |
252 | package MyAppDB::UserRole; |
253 | |
254 | use base qw/DBIx::Class/; |
255 | |
256 | # Load required DBIC stuff |
257 | __PACKAGE__->load_components(qw/PK::Auto Core/); |
258 | # Set the table name |
259 | __PACKAGE__->table('user_roles'); |
260 | # Set columns in table |
261 | __PACKAGE__->add_columns(qw/user_id role_id/); |
262 | # Set the primary key for the table |
263 | __PACKAGE__->set_primary_key(qw/user_id role_id/); |
264 | |
265 | # |
266 | # Set relationships: |
267 | # |
268 | |
269 | # belongs_to(): |
270 | # args: |
271 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
272 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
273 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
274 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(user => 'MyAppDB::User', 'user_id'); |
275 | |
276 | # belongs_to(): |
277 | # args: |
278 | # 1) Name of relationship, DBIC will create accessor with this name |
279 | # 2) Name of the model class referenced by this relationship |
280 | # 3) Column name in *this* table |
281 | __PACKAGE__->belongs_to(role => 'MyAppDB::Role', 'role_id'); |
282 | |
283 | |
284 | =head1 NAME |
285 | |
286 | MyAppDB::UserRole - A model object representing the JOIN between Users and Roles. |
287 | |
288 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
289 | |
290 | This is an object that represents a row in the 'user_roles' table of your application |
291 | database. It uses DBIx::Class (aka, DBIC) to do ORM. |
292 | |
293 | You probably won't need to use this class directly -- it will be automatically |
294 | used by DBIC where joins are needed. |
295 | |
296 | For Catalyst, this is designed to be used through MyApp::Model::MyAppDB. |
297 | Offline utilities may wish to use this class directly. |
298 | |
299 | =cut |
300 | |
301 | 1; |
302 | |
303 | The code for these three result source classes is obviously very familiar to the C<Book>, C<Author>, and C<BookAuthor> classes created in Part 2. |
304 | |
305 | |
306 | =head2 Sanity-Check Reload of Development Server |
307 | |
308 | We aren't ready to try out the authentication just yet; we only want to do a quick check to be sure our model loads correctly. Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still running) and restart it: |
309 | |
310 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
311 | |
312 | Look for the three new model objects in the startup debug output: |
313 | |
314 | ... |
315 | .-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------. |
316 | | Class | Type | |
317 | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------+ |
318 | | MyApp::Controller::Books | instance | |
319 | | MyApp::Controller::Root | instance | |
320 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB | instance | |
321 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::Author | class | |
322 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::Book | class | |
323 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::BookAuthor | class | |
324 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::Role | class | |
325 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::User | class | |
326 | | MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::UserRole | class | |
327 | | MyApp::View::TT | instance | |
328 | '-------------------------------------------------------------------+----------' |
329 | ... |
330 | |
331 | Again, notice that your "result source" classes have been "re-loaded" by Catalyst under C<MyApp::Model>. |
332 | |
333 | |
334 | =head2 Include Authentication and Session Plugins |
335 | |
336 | Edit C<lib/MyApp.pm> and update it as follows (everything below C<DefaultEnd> is new): |
337 | |
338 | use Catalyst qw/ |
339 | -Debug |
340 | ConfigLoader |
341 | Static::Simple |
342 | |
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343 | StackTrace |
344 | DefaultEnd |
345 | |
346 | Authentication |
347 | Authentication::Store::DBIC |
348 | Authentication::Credential::Password |
349 | |
350 | Session |
351 | Session::Store::FastMmap |
352 | Session::State::Cookie |
353 | /; |
354 | |
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355 | The three C<Authentication> plugins work together to support |
356 | Authentication while the C<Session> plugins are required to maintain |
357 | state across multiple HTTP requests. Note that there are several |
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358 | options for L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> |
359 | (L<Session::Store::FastMmap|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store::FastMmap> |
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360 | is generally a good choice if you are on Unix; try |
361 | L<Cache::FileCache|Catalyst::Plugin::Cache::FileCache> if you are on |
362 | Win32) -- consult L<Session::Store|Catalyst::Plugin::Session::Store> and |
363 | its subclasses for additional information. |
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364 | |
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365 | |
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366 | =head2 Configure Authentication |
367 | |
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368 | Although C<__PACKAGE__-E<gt>config(name =E<gt> 'value');> is still |
369 | supported, newer Catalyst applications tend to place all configuration |
370 | information in C<myapp.yml> and automatically load this information into |
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371 | C<MyApp-E<gt>config> using the |
372 | L<ConfigLoader|Catalyst::Plugin::ConfigLoader> plugin. Here, we need |
373 | to load several parameters that tell |
374 | L<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication|Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication> |
375 | where to locate information in your database. To do this, edit the |
376 | C<myapp.yml> YAML and update it to match: |
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377 | |
378 | --- |
379 | name: MyApp |
380 | authentication: |
381 | dbic: |
382 | # Note this first definition would be the same as setting |
383 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{dbic}->{user_class} = 'MyAppDB::User' |
384 | # in lib/MyApp.pm (IOW, each hash key becomes a "name:" in the YAML file). |
385 | # |
386 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC from your |
387 | # schema (you created 'MyAppDB::User' but as the Catalyst startup |
388 | # debug messages show, it was loaded as 'MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::User'). |
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389 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' to avoid a component lookup issue in Catalyst 5.66 |
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390 | user_class: MyAppDB::User |
391 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that contains the user's name |
392 | user_field: username |
393 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that contains the password |
394 | password_field: password |
395 | # Other options can go here for hashed passwords |
396 | |
397 | Inline comments in the code above explain how each field is being used. |
398 | |
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399 | B<TIP>: Although YAML uses a very simple and easy-to-ready format, it |
400 | does require the use of a consistent level of indenting. Be sure you |
401 | line up everything on a given 'level' with the same number of indents. |
402 | Also, be sure not to use C<tab> characters (YAML does not support them |
403 | because they are handled inconsistently across editors). |
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404 | |
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405 | |
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406 | =head2 Add Login and Logout Controllers |
407 | |
408 | Use the Catalyst create script to create two stub controller files: |
409 | |
410 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Login |
411 | $ script/myapp_create.pl controller Logout |
412 | |
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413 | B<NOTE>: You could easily use a single controller here. For example, |
414 | you could have a C<User> controller with both C<login> and C<logout> |
415 | actions. Remember, Catalyst is designed to be very flexible, and leaves |
416 | such matters up to you, the designer and programmer. |
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417 | |
418 | Then open C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Login.pm> and add: |
419 | |
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420 | =head2 base |
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421 | |
422 | Login logic |
423 | |
424 | =cut |
425 | |
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426 | sub base :Path :Args(0) { |
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427 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
428 | |
429 | # Get the username and password from form |
430 | my $username = $c->request->params->{username} || ""; |
431 | my $password = $c->request->params->{password} || ""; |
432 | |
433 | # If the username and password values were found in form |
434 | if ($username && $password) { |
435 | # Attempt to log the user in |
436 | if ($c->login($username, $password)) { |
437 | # If successful, then let them use the application |
438 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/books/list')); |
439 | return; |
440 | } else { |
441 | # Set an error message |
442 | $c->stash->{error_msg} = "Bad username or password."; |
443 | } |
444 | } |
445 | |
446 | # If either of above don't work out, send to the login page |
447 | $c->stash->{template} = 'login.tt2'; |
448 | } |
449 | |
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450 | This controller fetches the C<username> and C<password> values from the |
451 | login form and attempts to perform a login. If successful, it redirects |
452 | the user to the book list page. If the login fails, the user will stay |
453 | at the login page but receive an error message. If the C<username> and |
454 | C<password> values are not present in the form, the user will be taken |
455 | to the empty login form. |
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456 | |
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457 | We are using C<sub base :Path :Args(0) {...}> here to specifically match |
458 | the URL C</login>. C<Path> actions (aka, "literal actions") create URI |
459 | matches relative to the namespace of the controller where they are defined. |
460 | Although C<Path> supports arguments that allow relative and absolute paths |
461 | to be defined, here we use an empty C<Path> definition to match on just the |
462 | name of the controller itself. The method name, C<base>, is arbitrary. |
463 | We make the match even more specific with the C<:Args(0)> action modifier |
464 | -- this forces the match on I<only> C</login>, not C</login/somethingelse>. |
465 | |
466 | Note that we could have used something like C<sub default :Private>; |
467 | however, the use of C<default> actions is discouraged because it does |
468 | not receive path args as with other actions. The recommended practice |
469 | is to only use C<default> in C<MyApp::Controller::Root>. |
470 | |
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471 | Next, create a corresponding method in C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Logout.pm>: |
472 | |
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473 | =head2 base |
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474 | |
475 | Logout logic |
476 | |
477 | =cut |
478 | |
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479 | sub base :Path :Args(0) { |
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480 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
481 | |
482 | # Clear the user's state |
483 | $c->logout; |
484 | |
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485 | # Send the user to the starting point |
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486 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/')); |
487 | } |
488 | |
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489 | Note that we are using the same C<sub base :Path :Args(0) {...}> style |
490 | of action as with the login logic. |
491 | |
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492 | |
493 | =head2 Add a Login Form TT Template Page |
494 | |
495 | Create a login form by opening C<root/src/login.tt2> and inserting: |
496 | |
497 | [% META title = 'Login' %] |
498 | |
499 | <!-- Login form --> |
500 | <form method="post" action=" [% Catalyst.uri_for('/login') %] "> |
501 | <table> |
502 | <tr> |
503 | <td>Username:</td> |
504 | <td><input type="text" name="username" size="40" /></td> |
505 | </tr> |
506 | <tr> |
507 | <td>Password:</td> |
508 | <td><input type="password" name="password" size="40" /></td> |
509 | </tr> |
510 | <tr> |
511 | <td colspan="2"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" /></td> |
512 | </tr> |
513 | </table> |
514 | </form> |
515 | |
516 | |
517 | =head2 Add Valid User Check |
518 | |
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519 | We need something that provides enforcement for the authentication |
520 | mechanism -- a I<global> mechanism that prevents users who have not |
521 | passed authentication from reaching any pages except the login page. |
522 | This is generally done via an C<auto> action/method (prior to Catalyst |
523 | v5.66, this sort of thing would go in C<MyApp.pm>, but starting in |
524 | v5.66, the preferred location is C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm>). |
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525 | |
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526 | Edit the existing C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> class file and insert |
527 | the following method: |
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528 | |
529 | =head2 auto |
530 | |
531 | Check if there is a user and, if not, forward to login page |
532 | |
533 | =cut |
534 | |
535 | # Note that 'auto' runs after 'begin' but before your actions and that |
536 | # 'auto' "chain" (all from application path to most specific class are run) |
537 | sub auto : Private { |
538 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
539 | |
540 | # Allow unauthenticated users to reach the login page |
541 | if ($c->request->path =~ /login/) { |
542 | return 1; |
543 | } |
544 | |
545 | # If a user doesn't exist, force login |
546 | if (!$c->user_exists) { |
547 | # Dump a log message to the development server debug output |
548 | $c->log->debug('***Root::auto User not found, forwarding to /login'); |
549 | # Redirect the user to the login page |
550 | $c->response->redirect($c->uri_for('/login')); |
551 | # Return 0 to cancel 'post-auto' processing and prevent use of application |
552 | return 0; |
553 | } |
554 | |
555 | # User found, so return 1 to continue with processing after this 'auto' |
556 | return 1; |
557 | } |
558 | |
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559 | B<Note:> Catalyst provides a number of different types of actions, such |
560 | as C<Local>, C<Regex>, and C<Private>. You should refer to |
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561 | L<Catalyst::Manual::Intro> for a more detailed explanation, but the |
562 | following bullet points provide a quick introduction: |
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563 | |
564 | =over 4 |
565 | |
566 | =item * |
567 | |
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568 | The majority of application use C<Local> actions for items that respond |
569 | to user requests and C<Private> actions for those that do not directly |
570 | respond to user input. |
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571 | |
572 | =item * |
573 | |
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574 | There are five types of C<Private> actions: C<begin>, C<end>, |
575 | C<default>, C<index>, and C<auto>. |
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576 | |
577 | =item * |
578 | |
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579 | Unlike the other actions where only a single method is called for each |
580 | request, I<every> auto action along the chain of namespaces will be |
581 | called. |
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582 | |
583 | =back |
584 | |
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585 | By placing the authentication enforcement code inside the C<auto> method |
586 | of C<lib/MyApp/Controller/Root.pm> (or C<lib/MyApp.pm>), it will be |
587 | called for I<every> request that is received by the entire application. |
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588 | |
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589 | |
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590 | =head2 Displaying Content Only to Authenticated Users |
591 | |
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592 | Let's say you want to provide some information on the login page that |
593 | changes depending on whether the user has authenticated yet. To do |
594 | this, open C<root/src/login.tt2> in your editor and add the following |
595 | lines to the bottom of the file: |
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596 | |
597 | <p> |
598 | [% |
599 | # This code illustrates how certain parts of the TT |
600 | # template will only be shown to users who have logged in |
601 | %] |
602 | [% IF Catalyst.user %] |
603 | Please Note: You are already logged in as '[% Catalyst.user.username %]'. |
604 | You can <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('/logout') %]">logout</a> here. |
605 | [% ELSE %] |
606 | You need to log in to use this application. |
607 | [% END %] |
608 | [%# |
609 | Note that this whole block is a comment because the "#" appears |
610 | immediate after the "[%" (with no spaces in between). Although it |
611 | can be a handy way to temporarily "comment out" a whole block of |
612 | TT code, it's probably a little too subtle for use in "normal" |
613 | comments. |
614 | %] |
615 | |
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616 | Although most of the code is comments, the middle few lines provide a |
617 | "you are already logged in" reminder if the user returns to the login |
618 | page after they have already authenticated. For users who have not yet |
619 | authenticated, a "You need to log in..." message is displayed (note the |
620 | use of an IF-THEN-ELSE construct in TT). |
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621 | |
622 | |
623 | =head2 Try Out Authentication |
624 | |
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625 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
626 | running) and restart it: |
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627 | |
628 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
629 | |
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630 | B<IMPORTANT NOTE>: If you happen to be using Internet Explorer, you may |
631 | need to use the command C<script/myapp_server.pl -k> to enable the |
632 | keepalive feature in the development server. Otherwise, the HTTP |
633 | redirect on successful login may not work correctly with IE (it seems to |
634 | work without -k if you are running the web browser and development |
635 | server on the same machine). If you are using browser a browser other |
636 | than IE, it should work either way. If you want to make keepalive the |
637 | default, you can edit C<script/myapp_server.pl> and change the |
638 | initialization value for C<$keepalive> to C<1>. (You will need to do |
639 | this every time you create a new Catalyst application or rebuild the |
640 | C<myapp_server.pl> script.) |
641 | |
642 | Now trying going to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and you should |
643 | be redirected to the login page, hitting Shift+Reload if necessary (the |
644 | "You are already logged in" message should I<not> appear -- if it does, |
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645 | click the C<logout> button and try again). Note the C<***Root::auto User |
646 | not found...> debug message in the development server output. Enter |
647 | username C<test01> and password C<mypass>, and you should be taken to |
648 | the Book List page. |
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649 | |
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650 | Open C<root/src/books/list.tt2> and add the following lines to the |
651 | bottom: |
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652 | |
653 | <p> |
654 | <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('/login') %]">Login</a> |
655 | <a href="[% Catalyst.uri_for('form_create') %]">Create</a> |
656 | </p> |
657 | |
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658 | Reload your browser and you should now see a "Login" and "Create" links |
659 | at the bottom of the page (as mentioned earlier, you can update |
660 | template files without reloading the development server). Click this |
661 | link to return to the login page. This time you I<should> see the |
662 | "You are already logged in" message. |
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663 | |
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664 | Finally, click the C<You can logout here> link on the C</login> page. |
665 | You should stay at the login page, but the message should change to "You |
666 | need to log in to use this application." |
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667 | |
668 | |
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669 | =head1 USING PASSWORD HASHES |
670 | |
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671 | In this section we increase the security of our system by converting |
672 | from cleartext passwords to SHA-1 password hashes. |
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673 | |
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674 | B<Note:> This section is optional. You can skip it and the rest of the |
675 | tutorial will function normally. |
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676 | |
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677 | Note that even with the techniques shown in this section, the browser |
678 | still transmits the passwords in cleartext to your application. We are |
679 | just avoiding the I<storage> of cleartext passwords in the database by |
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680 | using a SHA-1 hash. If you are concerned about cleartext passwords |
681 | between the browser and your application, consider using SSL/TLS, made |
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682 | easy with the Catalyst plugin |
683 | L<Catalyst::Plugin:RequireSSL|Catalyst::Plugin:RequireSSL>. |
684 | |
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685 | |
686 | =head2 Get a SHA-1 Hash for the Password |
687 | |
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688 | Catalyst uses the C<Digest> module to support a variety of hashing |
689 | algorithms. Here we will use SHA-1 (SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm). |
690 | First, we should compute the SHA-1 hash for the "mypass" password we are |
691 | using. The following command-line Perl script provides a "quick and |
692 | dirty" way to do this: |
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693 | |
694 | $ perl -MDigest::SHA -e 'print Digest::SHA::sha1_hex("mypass"), "\n"' |
695 | e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26 |
696 | $ |
697 | |
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698 | |
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699 | =head2 Switch to SHA-1 Password Hashes in the Database |
700 | |
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701 | Next, we need to change the C<password> column of our C<users> table to |
702 | store this hash value vs. the existing cleartext password. Open |
703 | C<myapp03.sql> in your editor and enter: |
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704 | |
705 | -- |
706 | -- Convert passwords to SHA-1 hashes |
707 | -- |
708 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 1; |
709 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 2; |
710 | UPDATE users SET password = 'e727d1464ae12436e899a726da5b2f11d8381b26' WHERE id = 3; |
711 | |
712 | Then use the following command to update the SQLite database: |
713 | |
714 | $ sqlite3 myapp.db < myapp03.sql |
715 | |
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716 | B<Note:> We are using SHA-1 hashes here, but many other hashing |
717 | algorithms are supported. See C<Digest> for more information. |
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718 | |
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719 | |
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720 | =head2 Enable SHA-1 Hash Passwords in |
721 | C<Catalyst::Plugin::Authentication::Store::DBIC> |
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722 | |
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723 | Edit C<myapp.yml> and update it to match (the C<password_type> and |
724 | C<password_hash_type> are new, everything else is the same): |
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725 | |
726 | --- |
727 | name: MyApp |
728 | authentication: |
729 | dbic: |
730 | # Note this first definition would be the same as setting |
731 | # __PACKAGE__->config->{authentication}->{dbic}->{user_class} = 'MyAppDB::User' |
732 | # in lib/MyApp.pm (IOW, each hash key becomes a "name:" in the YAML file). |
733 | # |
734 | # This is the model object created by Catalyst::Model::DBIC from your |
735 | # schema (you created 'MyAppDB::User' but as the Catalyst startup |
736 | # debug messages show, it was loaded as 'MyApp::Model::MyAppDB::User'). |
a63e6e67 |
737 | # NOTE: Omit 'MyApp::Model' to avoid a component lookup issue in Catalyst 5.66 |
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738 | user_class: MyAppDB::User |
739 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that contains the user's name |
740 | user_field: username |
741 | # This is the name of the field in your 'users' table that contains the password |
742 | password_field: password |
743 | # Other options can go here for hashed passwords |
744 | # Enabled hashed passwords |
745 | password_type: hashed |
746 | # Use the SHA-1 hashing algorithm |
747 | password_hash_type: SHA-1 |
748 | |
749 | |
750 | =head2 Try Out the Hashed Passwords |
751 | |
64ccd8a8 |
752 | Press C<Ctrl-C> to kill the previous server instance (if it's still |
753 | running) and restart it: |
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754 | |
755 | $ script/myapp_server.pl |
756 | |
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757 | You should now be able to go to L<http://localhost:3000/books/list> and |
758 | login as before. When done, click the "Logout" link on the login page |
759 | (or point your browser at L<http://localhost:3000/logout>). |
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760 | |
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761 | |
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762 | =head1 AUTHOR |
763 | |
764 | Kennedy Clark, C<hkclark@gmail.com> |
765 | |
766 | Please report any errors, issues or suggestions to the author. |
767 | |
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768 | Copyright 2006, Kennedy Clark, under Creative Commons License |
769 | (L<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/>). |