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256c894f |
1 | package Catalyst::Controller::REST; |
2 | |
398c5a1b |
3 | =head1 NAME |
4 | |
5 | Catalyst::Controller::REST - A RESTful controller |
6 | |
7 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
8 | |
9 | package Foo::Controller::Bar; |
10 | |
11 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller::REST'; |
12 | |
13 | sub thing : Local : ActionClass('REST') { } |
14 | |
15 | # Answer GET requests to "thing" |
16 | sub thing_GET { |
17 | my ( $self, $c ) = @_; |
18 | |
19 | # Return a 200 OK, with the data in entity |
20 | # serialized in the body |
21 | $self->status_ok( |
22 | $c, |
23 | entity => { |
24 | some => 'data', |
25 | foo => 'is real bar-y', |
26 | }, |
27 | ); |
28 | } |
29 | |
30 | # Answer PUT requests to "thing" |
31 | sub thing_PUT { |
32 | .. some action .. |
33 | } |
34 | |
35 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
36 | |
37 | Catalyst::Controller::REST implements a mechanism for building |
38 | RESTful services in Catalyst. It does this by extending the |
39 | normal Catalyst dispatch mechanism to allow for different |
40 | subroutines to be called based on the HTTP Method requested, |
41 | while also transparently handling all the serialization/deserialization for |
42 | you. |
43 | |
44 | This is probably best served by an example. In the above |
45 | controller, we have declared a Local Catalyst action on |
46 | "sub thing", and have used the ActionClass('REST'). |
47 | |
48 | Below, we have declared "thing_GET" and "thing_PUT". Any |
49 | GET requests to thing will be dispatched to "thing_GET", |
50 | while any PUT requests will be dispatched to "thing_PUT". |
51 | |
e601adda |
52 | Any unimplemented HTTP methods will be met with a "405 Method Not Allowed" |
53 | response, automatically containing the proper list of available methods. You |
54 | can override this behavior through implementing a custom |
55 | C<thing_not_implemented> method. |
56 | |
57 | If you do not provide an OPTIONS handler, we will respond to any OPTIONS |
58 | requests with a "200 OK", populating the Allowed header automatically. |
59 | |
60 | Any data included in C<< $c->stash->{'rest'} >> will be serialized for you. |
61 | The serialization format will be selected based on the content-type |
62 | of the incoming request. It is probably easier to use the L<STATUS HELPERS>, |
63 | which are described below. |
398c5a1b |
64 | |
65 | The HTTP POST, PUT, and OPTIONS methods will all automatically deserialize the |
66 | contents of $c->request->body based on the requests content-type header. |
67 | A list of understood serialization formats is below. |
68 | |
e601adda |
69 | If we do not have (or cannot run) a serializer for a given content-type, a 415 |
70 | "Unsupported Media Type" error is generated. |
398c5a1b |
71 | |
72 | To make your Controller RESTful, simply have it |
73 | |
74 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller::REST'; |
75 | |
76 | =head1 SERIALIZATION |
77 | |
78 | Catalyst::Controller::REST will automatically serialize your |
e601adda |
79 | responses, and deserialize any POST, PUT or OPTIONS requests. It evaluates |
80 | which serializer to use by mapping a content-type to a Serialization module. |
81 | We select the content-type based on: |
82 | |
83 | =over 2 |
84 | |
85 | =item B<The Content-Type Header> |
86 | |
87 | If the incoming HTTP Request had a Content-Type header set, we will use it. |
88 | |
89 | =item B<The content-type Query Parameter> |
90 | |
91 | If this is a GET request, you can supply a content-type query parameter. |
92 | |
93 | =item B<Evaluating the Accept Header> |
94 | |
95 | Finally, if the client provided an Accept header, we will evaluate |
96 | it and use the best-ranked choice. |
97 | |
98 | =back |
99 | |
100 | =head1 AVAILABLE SERIALIZERS |
101 | |
102 | A given serialization mechanism is only available if you have the underlying |
103 | modules installed. For example, you can't use XML::Simple if it's not already |
104 | installed. |
105 | |
106 | In addition, each serializer has it's quirks in terms of what sorts of data |
107 | structures it will properly handle. L<Catalyst::Controller::REST> makes |
108 | no attempt to svae you from yourself in this regard. :) |
109 | |
110 | =over 2 |
111 | |
112 | =item C<text/x-yaml> => C<YAML::Syck> |
113 | |
114 | Returns YAML generated by L<YAML::Syck>. |
115 | |
116 | =item C<text/html> => C<YAML::HTML> |
117 | |
118 | This uses L<YAML::Syck> and L<URI::Find> to generate YAML with all URLs turned |
119 | to hyperlinks. Only useable for Serialization. |
120 | |
121 | =item C<text/x-json> => C<JSON::Syck> |
122 | |
123 | Uses L<JSON::Syck> to generate JSON output |
124 | |
125 | =item C<text/x-data-dumper> => C<Data::Serializer> |
126 | |
127 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<Data::Dumper> output. |
128 | |
129 | =item C<text/x-data-denter> => C<Data::Serializer> |
130 | |
131 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<Data::Denter> output. |
132 | |
133 | =item C<text/x-data-taxi> => C<Data::Serializer> |
134 | |
135 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<Data::Taxi> output. |
136 | |
137 | =item C<application/x-storable> => C<Data::Serializer> |
138 | |
139 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<Storable> output. |
140 | |
141 | =item C<application/x-freezethaw> => C<Data::Serializer> |
142 | |
143 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<FreezeThaw> output. |
144 | |
145 | =item C<text/x-config-general> => C<Data::Serializer> |
146 | |
147 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<Config::General> output. |
148 | |
149 | =item C<text/x-php-serialization> => C<Data::Serializer> |
150 | |
151 | Uses the L<Data::Serializer> module to generate L<PHP::Serialization> output. |
152 | |
153 | =item C<text/xml> => C<XML::Simple> |
154 | |
155 | Uses L<XML::Simple> to generate XML output. This is probably not suitable |
156 | for any real heavy XML work. Due to L<XML::Simple>s requirement that the data |
157 | you serialize be a HASHREF, we transform outgoing data to be in the form of: |
158 | |
159 | { data => $yourdata } |
160 | |
9a76221e |
161 | =item L<View> |
162 | |
163 | Uses a regular Catalyst view. For example, if you wanted to have your |
164 | C<text/html> and C<text/xml> views rendered by TT: |
165 | |
166 | 'text/html' => [ 'View', 'TT' ], |
167 | 'text/xml' => [ 'View', 'XML' ], |
168 | |
169 | Will do the trick nicely. |
170 | |
e601adda |
171 | =back |
172 | |
173 | By default, L<Catalyst::Controller::REST> will return a C<415 Unsupported Media Type> response if an attempt to use an unsupported content-type is made. You |
174 | can ensure that something is always returned by setting the C<default> config |
175 | option: |
398c5a1b |
176 | |
e601adda |
177 | __PACKAGE__->config->{'serialize'}->{'default'} = 'YAML'; |
398c5a1b |
178 | |
e601adda |
179 | Would make it always fall back to YAML. |
398c5a1b |
180 | |
181 | Implementing new Serialization formats is easy! Contributions |
182 | are most welcome! See L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize> and |
183 | L<Catalyst::Action::Deserialize> for more information. |
184 | |
e601adda |
185 | =head1 CUSTOM SERIALIZERS |
186 | |
187 | If you would like to implement a custom serializer, you should create two new |
188 | modules in the L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize> and |
189 | L<Catalyst::Action::Deserialize> namespace. Then assign your new class |
190 | to the content-type's you want, and you're done. |
191 | |
398c5a1b |
192 | =head1 STATUS HELPERS |
193 | |
e601adda |
194 | Since so much of REST is in using HTTP, we provide these Status Helpers. |
195 | Using them will ensure that you are responding with the proper codes, |
196 | headers, and entities. |
197 | |
398c5a1b |
198 | These helpers try and conform to the HTTP 1.1 Specification. You can |
e601adda |
199 | refer to it at: L<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.txt>. |
398c5a1b |
200 | These routines are all implemented as regular subroutines, and as |
201 | such require you pass the current context ($c) as the first argument. |
202 | |
203 | =over 4 |
204 | |
205 | =cut |
206 | |
256c894f |
207 | use strict; |
208 | use warnings; |
209 | use base 'Catalyst::Controller'; |
5511d1ff |
210 | use Params::Validate qw(:all); |
256c894f |
211 | |
212 | __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(qw(serialize)); |
213 | |
214 | __PACKAGE__->config( |
215 | serialize => { |
216 | 'stash_key' => 'rest', |
eccb2137 |
217 | 'map' => { |
e601adda |
218 | 'text/html' => 'YAML::HTML', |
219 | 'text/xml' => 'XML::Simple', |
eccb2137 |
220 | 'text/x-yaml' => 'YAML', |
e601adda |
221 | 'text/x-json' => 'JSON', |
7ad87df9 |
222 | 'text/x-data-dumper' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Dumper' ], |
e601adda |
223 | 'text/x-data-denter' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Denter' ], |
224 | 'text/x-data-taxi' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Taxi' ], |
225 | 'application/x-storable' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Storable' ], |
226 | 'application/x-freezethaw' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'FreezeThaw' ], |
227 | 'text/x-config-general' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Config::General' ], |
228 | 'text/x-php-serialization' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'PHP::Serialization' ], |
7ad87df9 |
229 | }, |
256c894f |
230 | } |
231 | ); |
232 | |
e601adda |
233 | sub begin : ActionClass('Deserialize') { |
234 | } |
398c5a1b |
235 | |
e601adda |
236 | sub end : ActionClass('Serialize') { |
237 | } |
5511d1ff |
238 | |
398c5a1b |
239 | =item status_ok |
240 | |
241 | Returns a "200 OK" response. Takes an "entity" to serialize. |
242 | |
243 | Example: |
244 | |
245 | $self->status_ok( |
246 | $c, |
247 | entity => { |
248 | radiohead => "Is a good band!", |
249 | } |
250 | ); |
251 | |
252 | =cut |
253 | |
254 | sub status_ok { |
255 | my $self = shift; |
e601adda |
256 | my $c = shift; |
257 | my %p = validate( @_, { entity => 1, }, ); |
398c5a1b |
258 | |
259 | $c->response->status(200); |
e601adda |
260 | $self->_set_entity( $c, $p{'entity'} ); |
398c5a1b |
261 | return 1; |
262 | } |
263 | |
264 | =item status_created |
265 | |
266 | Returns a "201 CREATED" response. Takes an "entity" to serialize, |
267 | and a "location" where the created object can be found. |
268 | |
269 | Example: |
270 | |
271 | $self->status_created( |
272 | $c, |
273 | location => $c->req->uri->as_string, |
274 | entity => { |
275 | radiohead => "Is a good band!", |
276 | } |
277 | ); |
278 | |
279 | In the above example, we use the requested URI as our location. |
280 | This is probably what you want for most PUT requests. |
281 | |
282 | =cut |
bb4130f6 |
283 | |
5511d1ff |
284 | sub status_created { |
285 | my $self = shift; |
e601adda |
286 | my $c = shift; |
287 | my %p = validate( |
288 | @_, |
5511d1ff |
289 | { |
e601adda |
290 | location => { type => SCALAR | OBJECT }, |
291 | entity => { optional => 1 }, |
5511d1ff |
292 | }, |
293 | ); |
256c894f |
294 | |
5511d1ff |
295 | my $location; |
e601adda |
296 | if ( ref( $p{'location'} ) ) { |
5511d1ff |
297 | $location = $p{'location'}->as_string; |
33e5de96 |
298 | } else { |
299 | $location = $p{'location'}; |
5511d1ff |
300 | } |
301 | $c->response->status(201); |
e601adda |
302 | $c->response->header( 'Location' => $location ); |
303 | $self->_set_entity( $c, $p{'entity'} ); |
bb4130f6 |
304 | return 1; |
305 | } |
306 | |
398c5a1b |
307 | =item status_accepted |
308 | |
309 | Returns a "202 ACCEPTED" response. Takes an "entity" to serialize. |
310 | |
311 | Example: |
312 | |
313 | $self->status_accepted( |
314 | $c, |
315 | entity => { |
316 | status => "queued", |
317 | } |
318 | ); |
319 | |
320 | =cut |
e601adda |
321 | |
398c5a1b |
322 | sub status_accepted { |
bb4130f6 |
323 | my $self = shift; |
e601adda |
324 | my $c = shift; |
325 | my %p = validate( @_, { entity => 1, }, ); |
bb4130f6 |
326 | |
398c5a1b |
327 | $c->response->status(202); |
e601adda |
328 | $self->_set_entity( $c, $p{'entity'} ); |
bb4130f6 |
329 | return 1; |
330 | } |
331 | |
398c5a1b |
332 | =item status_bad_request |
333 | |
334 | Returns a "400 BAD REQUEST" response. Takes a "message" argument |
335 | as a scalar, which will become the value of "error" in the serialized |
336 | response. |
337 | |
338 | Example: |
339 | |
340 | $self->status_bad_request( |
341 | $c, |
33e5de96 |
342 | message => "Cannot do what you have asked!", |
398c5a1b |
343 | ); |
344 | |
345 | =cut |
e601adda |
346 | |
cc186a5b |
347 | sub status_bad_request { |
348 | my $self = shift; |
e601adda |
349 | my $c = shift; |
350 | my %p = validate( @_, { message => { type => SCALAR }, }, ); |
cc186a5b |
351 | |
352 | $c->response->status(400); |
e601adda |
353 | $c->log->debug( "Status Bad Request: " . $p{'message'} ); |
354 | $self->_set_entity( $c, { error => $p{'message'} } ); |
cc186a5b |
355 | return 1; |
356 | } |
357 | |
398c5a1b |
358 | =item status_not_found |
359 | |
360 | Returns a "404 NOT FOUND" response. Takes a "message" argument |
361 | as a scalar, which will become the value of "error" in the serialized |
362 | response. |
363 | |
364 | Example: |
365 | |
366 | $self->status_not_found( |
367 | $c, |
33e5de96 |
368 | message => "Cannot find what you were looking for!", |
398c5a1b |
369 | ); |
370 | |
371 | =cut |
e601adda |
372 | |
bb4130f6 |
373 | sub status_not_found { |
374 | my $self = shift; |
e601adda |
375 | my $c = shift; |
376 | my %p = validate( @_, { message => { type => SCALAR }, }, ); |
bb4130f6 |
377 | |
378 | $c->response->status(404); |
e601adda |
379 | $c->log->debug( "Status Not Found: " . $p{'message'} ); |
380 | $self->_set_entity( $c, { error => $p{'message'} } ); |
bb4130f6 |
381 | return 1; |
382 | } |
383 | |
384 | sub _set_entity { |
e601adda |
385 | my $self = shift; |
386 | my $c = shift; |
bb4130f6 |
387 | my $entity = shift; |
e601adda |
388 | if ( defined($entity) ) { |
389 | $c->stash->{ $self->config->{'serialize'}->{'stash_key'} } = $entity; |
5511d1ff |
390 | } |
391 | return 1; |
eccb2137 |
392 | } |
256c894f |
393 | |
398c5a1b |
394 | =back |
395 | |
396 | =head1 MANUAL RESPONSES |
397 | |
398 | If you want to construct your responses yourself, all you need to |
399 | do is put the object you want serialized in $c->stash->{'rest'}. |
400 | |
e601adda |
401 | =head1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS |
402 | |
403 | This Controller ties together L<Catalyst::Action::REST>, |
404 | L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize> and L<Catalyst::Action::Deserialize>. It should be suitable for most applications. You should be aware that it: |
405 | |
406 | =over 4 |
407 | |
408 | =item Configures the Serialization Actions |
409 | |
410 | This class provides a default configuration for Serialization. It is currently: |
411 | |
412 | __PACKAGE__->config( |
413 | serialize => { |
414 | 'stash_key' => 'rest', |
415 | 'map' => { |
416 | 'text/html' => 'YAML::HTML', |
417 | 'text/xml' => 'XML::Simple', |
418 | 'text/x-yaml' => 'YAML', |
419 | 'text/x-json' => 'JSON', |
420 | 'text/x-data-dumper' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Dumper' ], |
421 | 'text/x-data-denter' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Denter' ], |
422 | 'text/x-data-taxi' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Data::Taxi' ], |
423 | 'application/x-storable' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Storable' |
424 | ], |
425 | 'application/x-freezethaw' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'FreezeThaw' |
426 | ], |
427 | 'text/x-config-general' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'Config::General' ] |
428 | , |
9a76221e |
429 | 'text/x-php-serialization' => [ 'Data::Serializer', 'PHP::Serialization' ], |
e601adda |
430 | }, |
431 | } |
432 | ); |
433 | |
434 | You can read the full set of options for this configuration block in |
435 | L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize>. |
436 | |
437 | =item Sets a C<begin> and C<end> method for you |
438 | |
439 | The C<begin> method uses L<Catalyst::Action::Deserialize>. The C<end> |
440 | method uses L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize>. If you want to override |
441 | either behavior, simply implement your own C<begin> and C<end> actions |
442 | and use NEXT: |
443 | |
444 | my Foo::Controller::Monkey; |
445 | use base qw(Catalyst::Controller::REST); |
446 | |
447 | sub begin :Private { |
448 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
449 | ... do things before Deserializing ... |
450 | $self->NEXT::begin($c); |
451 | ... do things after Deserializing ... |
452 | } |
453 | |
454 | sub end :Private { |
455 | my ($self, $c) = @_; |
456 | ... do things before Serializing ... |
457 | $self->NEXT::end($c); |
458 | ... do things after Serializing ... |
459 | } |
460 | |
461 | =head1 A MILD WARNING |
462 | |
463 | I have code in production using L<Catalyst::Controller::REST>. That said, |
464 | it is still under development, and it's possible that things may change |
465 | between releases. I promise to not break things unneccesarily. :) |
466 | |
398c5a1b |
467 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
468 | |
469 | L<Catalyst::Action::REST>, L<Catalyst::Action::Serialize>, |
470 | L<Catalyst::Action::Deserialize> |
471 | |
472 | For help with REST in general: |
473 | |
474 | The HTTP 1.1 Spec is required reading. http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.txt |
475 | |
476 | Wikipedia! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer |
477 | |
478 | The REST Wiki: http://rest.blueoxen.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?FrontPage |
479 | |
480 | =head1 AUTHOR |
481 | |
482 | Adam Jacob <adam@stalecoffee.org>, with lots of help from mst and jrockway |
483 | |
484 | Marchex, Inc. paid me while I developed this module. (http://www.marchex.com) |
485 | |
486 | =head1 LICENSE |
487 | |
488 | You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself. |
489 | |
490 | =cut |
491 | |
256c894f |
492 | 1; |