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a0d0e21e 1/* handy.h
a687059c 2 *
4bb101f2 3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999,
1d325971 4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 by Larry Wall and others
a687059c 5 *
6e21c824 6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8d063cd8 8 *
8d063cd8 9 */
10
85e6fe83 11#if !defined(__STDC__)
378cc40b 12#ifdef NULL
13#undef NULL
14#endif
a687059c 15#ifndef I286
16# define NULL 0
17#else
18# define NULL 0L
19#endif
85e6fe83 20#endif
21
378cc40b 22#define Null(type) ((type)NULL)
954c1994 23
24/*
ccfc67b7 25=head1 Handy Values
954c1994 26
3609ea0d 27=for apidoc AmU||Nullch
ccfc67b7 28Null character pointer.
2307c6d0 29
954c1994 30=for apidoc AmU||Nullsv
31Null SV pointer.
32
33=cut
34*/
35
8d063cd8 36#define Nullch Null(char*)
760ac839 37#define Nullfp Null(PerlIO*)
79072805 38#define Nullsv Null(SV*)
8d063cd8 39
641d3f0b 40#ifdef TRUE
41#undef TRUE
42#endif
43#ifdef FALSE
44#undef FALSE
45#endif
46#define TRUE (1)
47#define FALSE (0)
48
27d4fb96 49
50/* XXX Configure ought to have a test for a boolean type, if I can
51 just figure out all the headers such a test needs.
52 Andy Dougherty August 1996
53*/
8e84507e 54/* bool is built-in for g++-2.6.3 and later, which might be used
c1d22f6b 55 for extensions. <_G_config.h> defines _G_HAVE_BOOL, but we can't
56 be sure _G_config.h will be included before this file. _G_config.h
8e84507e 57 also defines _G_HAVE_BOOL for both gcc and g++, but only g++
c1d22f6b 58 actually has bool. Hence, _G_HAVE_BOOL is pretty useless for us.
59 g++ can be identified by __GNUG__.
60 Andy Dougherty February 2000
5d94fbed 61*/
3609ea0d 62#ifdef __GNUG__ /* GNU g++ has bool built-in */
5d94fbed 63# ifndef HAS_BOOL
c1d22f6b 64# define HAS_BOOL 1
5d94fbed 65# endif
5d94fbed 66#endif
67
641d3f0b 68/* The NeXT dynamic loader headers will not build with the bool macro
69 So declare them now to clear confusion.
70*/
8f1f23e8 71#if defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__)
641d3f0b 72# undef FALSE
73# undef TRUE
74 typedef enum bool { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 } bool;
75# define ENUM_BOOL 1
76# ifndef HAS_BOOL
77# define HAS_BOOL 1
78# endif /* !HAS_BOOL */
8f1f23e8 79#endif /* NeXT || __NeXT__ */
641d3f0b 80
5d94fbed 81#ifndef HAS_BOOL
61bb5906 82# if defined(UTS) || defined(VMS)
5d94fbed 83# define bool int
84# else
85# define bool char
86# endif
c1d22f6b 87# define HAS_BOOL 1
a687059c 88#endif
0d3e774c 89
46c6c7e2 90/* Try to figure out __func__ or __FUNCTION__ equivalent, if any.
e352bcff 91 * XXX Should really be a Configure probe, with HAS__FUNCTION__
92 * and FUNCTION__ as results.
93 * XXX Similarly, a Configure probe for __FILE__ and __LINE__ is needed. */
46c6c7e2 94#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (defined(__SUNPRO_C)) /* C99 or close enough. */
95# define FUNCTION__ __func__
96#else
97# if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300) || /* Pre-MSVC 7.0 has neither __func__ nor __FUNCTION and no good workarounds, either. */ \
be73ebb0 98 (defined(__DECC_VER)) /* Tru64 or VMS, and strict C89 being used, but not modern enough cc (in Tur64, -c99 not known, only -std1). */
46c6c7e2 99# define FUNCTION__ ""
100# else
101# define FUNCTION__ __FUNCTION__ /* Common extension. */
102# endif
103#endif
104
27d4fb96 105/* XXX A note on the perl source internal type system. The
106 original intent was that I32 be *exactly* 32 bits.
107
108 Currently, we only guarantee that I32 is *at least* 32 bits.
109 Specifically, if int is 64 bits, then so is I32. (This is the case
110 for the Cray.) This has the advantage of meshing nicely with
111 standard library calls (where we pass an I32 and the library is
112 expecting an int), but the disadvantage that an I32 is not 32 bits.
113 Andy Dougherty August 1996
24fef2a7 114
dc45a647 115 There is no guarantee that there is *any* integral type with
116 exactly 32 bits. It is perfectly legal for a system to have
117 sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == 8.
693762b4 118
dc45a647 119 Similarly, there is no guarantee that I16 and U16 have exactly 16
120 bits.
693762b4 121
8e84507e 122 For dealing with issues that may arise from various 32/64-bit
123 systems, we will ask Configure to check out
8175356b 124
3609ea0d 125 SHORTSIZE == sizeof(short)
126 INTSIZE == sizeof(int)
127 LONGSIZE == sizeof(long)
dc45a647 128 LONGLONGSIZE == sizeof(long long) (if HAS_LONG_LONG)
3609ea0d 129 PTRSIZE == sizeof(void *)
dc45a647 130 DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(double)
131 LONG_DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(long double) (if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE).
8175356b 132
27d4fb96 133*/
134
69512466 135#ifdef I_INTTYPES /* e.g. Linux has int64_t without <inttypes.h> */
136# include <inttypes.h>
dd0eed91 137# ifdef INT32_MIN_BROKEN
138# undef INT32_MIN
139# define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
140# endif
141# ifdef INT64_MIN_BROKEN
142# undef INT64_MIN
143# define INT64_MIN (-9223372036854775807LL-1)
144# endif
69512466 145#endif
146
8175356b 147typedef I8TYPE I8;
148typedef U8TYPE U8;
149typedef I16TYPE I16;
150typedef U16TYPE U16;
151typedef I32TYPE I32;
152typedef U32TYPE U32;
6b8eaf93 153#ifdef PERL_CORE
154# ifdef HAS_QUAD
8175356b 155typedef I64TYPE I64;
156typedef U64TYPE U64;
6b8eaf93 157# endif
158#endif /* PERL_CORE */
8175356b 159
69512466 160#if defined(HAS_QUAD) && defined(USE_64_BIT_INT)
161# ifndef UINT64_C /* usually from <inttypes.h> */
162# if defined(HAS_LONG_LONG) && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG_LONG
163# define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,LL)
164# define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,ULL)
165# else
166# if LONGSIZE == 8 && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG
167# define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,L)
168# define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,UL)
169# else
170# define INT64_C(c) ((I64TYPE)(c))
171# define UINT64_C(c) ((U64TYPE)(c))
172# endif
173# endif
e8c95190 174# endif
175#endif
dc750f2e 176
cae3d67c 177/* HMB H.Merijn Brand - a placeholder for preparing Configure patches */
b0a2e8e6 178#if defined(HAS_MALLOC_SIZE) && defined(HAS_MALLOC_GOOD_SIZE) && defined(HAS_CLEARENV)
cae3d67c 179/* Not (yet) used at top level, but mention them for metaconfig */
dc750f2e 180#endif
e8c95190 181
a22e52b9 182/* Mention I8SIZE, U8SIZE, I16SIZE, U16SIZE, I32SIZE, U32SIZE,
183 I64SIZE, and U64SIZE here so that metaconfig pulls them in. */
184
d8668976 185#if defined(UINT8_MAX) && defined(INT16_MAX) && defined(INT32_MAX)
5ff3f7a4 186
5ff3f7a4 187/* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
188 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
189#define U8_MAX UINT8_MAX
190#define U8_MIN UINT8_MIN
191
5ff3f7a4 192#define I16_MAX INT16_MAX
193#define I16_MIN INT16_MIN
194#define U16_MAX UINT16_MAX
195#define U16_MIN UINT16_MIN
196
5ff3f7a4 197#define I32_MAX INT32_MAX
198#define I32_MIN INT32_MIN
0e983133 199#ifndef UINT32_MAX_BROKEN /* e.g. HP-UX with gcc messes this up */
200# define U32_MAX UINT32_MAX
201#else
202# define U32_MAX 4294967295U
203#endif
5ff3f7a4 204#define U32_MIN UINT32_MIN
205
206#else
207
5c9fa16e 208/* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
209 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
27d4fb96 210#define U8_MAX PERL_UCHAR_MAX
211#define U8_MIN PERL_UCHAR_MIN
79072805 212
27d4fb96 213#define I16_MAX PERL_SHORT_MAX
214#define I16_MIN PERL_SHORT_MIN
215#define U16_MAX PERL_USHORT_MAX
216#define U16_MIN PERL_USHORT_MIN
79072805 217
c4f23d77 218#if LONGSIZE > 4
27d4fb96 219# define I32_MAX PERL_INT_MAX
220# define I32_MIN PERL_INT_MIN
221# define U32_MAX PERL_UINT_MAX
222# define U32_MIN PERL_UINT_MIN
79072805 223#else
27d4fb96 224# define I32_MAX PERL_LONG_MAX
225# define I32_MIN PERL_LONG_MIN
226# define U32_MAX PERL_ULONG_MAX
227# define U32_MIN PERL_ULONG_MIN
79072805 228#endif
229
5ff3f7a4 230#endif
231
58a9a5d5 232/* log(2) is pretty close to 0.30103, just in case anyone is grepping for it */
fc36a67e 233#define BIT_DIGITS(N) (((N)*146)/485 + 1) /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
234#define TYPE_DIGITS(T) BIT_DIGITS(sizeof(T) * 8)
235#define TYPE_CHARS(T) (TYPE_DIGITS(T) + 2) /* sign, NUL */
236
ff68c719 237#define Ctl(ch) ((ch) & 037)
8d063cd8 238
954c1994 239/*
ccfc67b7 240=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
241
954c1994 242=for apidoc Am|bool|strNE|char* s1|char* s2
243Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
244false.
245
246=for apidoc Am|bool|strEQ|char* s1|char* s2
247Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
248
249=for apidoc Am|bool|strLT|char* s1|char* s2
250Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
251C<s2>. Returns true or false.
252
253=for apidoc Am|bool|strLE|char* s1|char* s2
254Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
255second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
256
257=for apidoc Am|bool|strGT|char* s1|char* s2
258Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
259C<s2>. Returns true or false.
260
261=for apidoc Am|bool|strGE|char* s1|char* s2
262Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
263the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
264
265=for apidoc Am|bool|strnNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
266Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
267indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
268wrapper for C<strncmp>).
269
270=for apidoc Am|bool|strnEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
271Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
272the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
273C<strncmp>).
274
275=cut
276*/
277
8d063cd8 278#define strNE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2))
279#define strEQ(s1,s2) (!strcmp(s1,s2))
280#define strLT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) < 0)
281#define strLE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) <= 0)
282#define strGT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) > 0)
283#define strGE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) >= 0)
284#define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l))
285#define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (!strncmp(s1,s2,l))
378cc40b 286
36477c24 287#ifdef HAS_MEMCMP
288# define memNE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l))
289# define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!memcmp(s1,s2,l))
290#else
291# define memNE(s1,s2,l) (bcmp(s1,s2,l))
292# define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!bcmp(s1,s2,l))
293#endif
294
bbce6d69 295/*
296 * Character classes.
297 *
298 * Unfortunately, the introduction of locales means that we
299 * can't trust isupper(), etc. to tell the truth. And when
300 * it comes to /\w+/ with tainting enabled, we *must* be able
301 * to trust our character classes.
302 *
303 * Therefore, the default tests in the text of Perl will be
304 * independent of locale. Any code that wants to depend on
305 * the current locale will use the tests that begin with "lc".
306 */
307
2304df62 308#ifdef HAS_SETLOCALE /* XXX Is there a better test for this? */
309# ifndef CTYPE256
310# define CTYPE256
311# endif
312#endif
313
954c1994 314/*
ccfc67b7 315
316=head1 Character classes
317
954c1994 318=for apidoc Am|bool|isALNUM|char ch
4375e838 319Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
f1cbbd6e 320character (including underscore) or digit.
954c1994 321
322=for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHA|char ch
4375e838 323Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
954c1994 324character.
325
326=for apidoc Am|bool|isSPACE|char ch
327Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
328
329=for apidoc Am|bool|isDIGIT|char ch
4375e838 330Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
954c1994 331digit.
332
333=for apidoc Am|bool|isUPPER|char ch
334Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
335character.
336
337=for apidoc Am|bool|isLOWER|char ch
338Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
339character.
340
341=for apidoc Am|char|toUPPER|char ch
342Converts the specified character to uppercase.
343
344=for apidoc Am|char|toLOWER|char ch
345Converts the specified character to lowercase.
346
347=cut
348*/
349
bbce6d69 350#define isALNUM(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c) || (c) == '_')
351#define isIDFIRST(c) (isALPHA(c) || (c) == '_')
352#define isALPHA(c) (isUPPER(c) || isLOWER(c))
353#define isSPACE(c) \
354 ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n' || (c) =='\r' || (c) == '\f')
aaa51d5e 355#define isPSXSPC(c) (isSPACE(c) || (c) == '\v')
356#define isBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
bbce6d69 357#define isDIGIT(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
9d116dd7 358#ifdef EBCDIC
359 /* In EBCDIC we do not do locales: therefore() isupper() is fine. */
360# define isUPPER(c) isupper(c)
361# define isLOWER(c) islower(c)
b8c5462f 362# define isALNUMC(c) isalnum(c)
363# define isASCII(c) isascii(c)
364# define isCNTRL(c) iscntrl(c)
365# define isGRAPH(c) isgraph(c)
9d116dd7 366# define isPRINT(c) isprint(c)
b8c5462f 367# define isPUNCT(c) ispunct(c)
368# define isXDIGIT(c) isxdigit(c)
9d116dd7 369# define toUPPER(c) toupper(c)
370# define toLOWER(c) tolower(c)
371#else
372# define isUPPER(c) ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'Z')
373# define isLOWER(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z')
b8c5462f 374# define isALNUMC(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c))
375# define isASCII(c) ((c) <= 127)
7be5a6cf 376# define isCNTRL(c) ((c) < ' ' || (c) == 127)
b8c5462f 377# define isGRAPH(c) (isALNUM(c) || isPUNCT(c))
f79b3095 378# define isPRINT(c) (((c) > 32 && (c) < 127) || (c) == ' ')
b8c5462f 379# define isPUNCT(c) (((c) >= 33 && (c) <= 47) || ((c) >= 58 && (c) <= 64) || ((c) >= 91 && (c) <= 96) || ((c) >= 123 && (c) <= 126))
c302d089 380# define isXDIGIT(c) (isDIGIT(c) || ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f') || ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F'))
9d116dd7 381# define toUPPER(c) (isLOWER(c) ? (c) - ('a' - 'A') : (c))
382# define toLOWER(c) (isUPPER(c) ? (c) + ('a' - 'A') : (c))
383#endif
bbce6d69 384
385#ifdef USE_NEXT_CTYPE
386
387# define isALNUM_LC(c) \
37bd1396 388 (NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
ff68c719 389# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) \
390 (NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
391# define isALPHA_LC(c) NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c))
392# define isSPACE_LC(c) NXIsSpace((unsigned int)(c))
393# define isDIGIT_LC(c) NXIsDigit((unsigned int)(c))
394# define isUPPER_LC(c) NXIsUpper((unsigned int)(c))
395# define isLOWER_LC(c) NXIsLower((unsigned int)(c))
37bd1396 396# define isALNUMC_LC(c) NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c))
b8c5462f 397# define isCNTRL_LC(c) NXIsCntrl((unsigned int)(c))
398# define isGRAPH_LC(c) NXIsGraph((unsigned int)(c))
ff68c719 399# define isPRINT_LC(c) NXIsPrint((unsigned int)(c))
b8c5462f 400# define isPUNCT_LC(c) NXIsPunct((unsigned int)(c))
ff68c719 401# define toUPPER_LC(c) NXToUpper((unsigned int)(c))
402# define toLOWER_LC(c) NXToLower((unsigned int)(c))
bbce6d69 403
404#else /* !USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
b8c5462f 405
bbce6d69 406# if defined(CTYPE256) || (!defined(isascii) && !defined(HAS_ISASCII))
407
b8c5462f 408# define isALNUM_LC(c) (isalnum((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
ff68c719 409# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isalpha((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
bbce6d69 410# define isALPHA_LC(c) isalpha((unsigned char)(c))
411# define isSPACE_LC(c) isspace((unsigned char)(c))
412# define isDIGIT_LC(c) isdigit((unsigned char)(c))
413# define isUPPER_LC(c) isupper((unsigned char)(c))
414# define isLOWER_LC(c) islower((unsigned char)(c))
b8c5462f 415# define isALNUMC_LC(c) isalnum((unsigned char)(c))
416# define isCNTRL_LC(c) iscntrl((unsigned char)(c))
417# define isGRAPH_LC(c) isgraph((unsigned char)(c))
bbce6d69 418# define isPRINT_LC(c) isprint((unsigned char)(c))
b8c5462f 419# define isPUNCT_LC(c) ispunct((unsigned char)(c))
bbce6d69 420# define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper((unsigned char)(c))
421# define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower((unsigned char)(c))
422
423# else
424
3609ea0d 425# define isALNUM_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_'))
bbce6d69 426# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_'))
427# define isALPHA_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalpha(c))
428# define isSPACE_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isspace(c))
429# define isDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isdigit(c))
430# define isUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isupper(c))
431# define isLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && islower(c))
b8c5462f 432# define isALNUMC_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalnum(c))
433# define isCNTRL_LC(c) (isascii(c) && iscntrl(c))
434# define isGRAPH_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isgraph(c))
bbce6d69 435# define isPRINT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isprint(c))
b8c5462f 436# define isPUNCT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && ispunct(c))
bbce6d69 437# define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper(c)
438# define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower(c)
439
440# endif
a0d0e21e 441#endif /* USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
55204971 442
aaa51d5e 443#define isPSXSPC_LC(c) (isSPACE_LC(c) || (c) == '\v')
444#define isBLANK_LC(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
445
a0ed51b3 446#define isALNUM_uni(c) is_uni_alnum(c)
447#define isIDFIRST_uni(c) is_uni_idfirst(c)
448#define isALPHA_uni(c) is_uni_alpha(c)
449#define isSPACE_uni(c) is_uni_space(c)
450#define isDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_digit(c)
451#define isUPPER_uni(c) is_uni_upper(c)
452#define isLOWER_uni(c) is_uni_lower(c)
b8c5462f 453#define isALNUMC_uni(c) is_uni_alnumc(c)
454#define isASCII_uni(c) is_uni_ascii(c)
455#define isCNTRL_uni(c) is_uni_cntrl(c)
456#define isGRAPH_uni(c) is_uni_graph(c)
a0ed51b3 457#define isPRINT_uni(c) is_uni_print(c)
b8c5462f 458#define isPUNCT_uni(c) is_uni_punct(c)
459#define isXDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_xdigit(c)
a2a2844f 460#define toUPPER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_upper(c,s,l)
461#define toTITLE_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_title(c,s,l)
462#define toLOWER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_lower(c,s,l)
b8d68ded 463#define toFOLD_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_fold(c,s,l)
a0ed51b3 464
aaa51d5e 465#define isPSXSPC_uni(c) (isSPACE_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
466#define isBLANK_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
467
9041c2e3 468#define isALNUM_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUM_LC(c) : is_uni_alnum_lc(c))
469#define isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isIDFIRST_LC(c) : is_uni_idfirst_lc(c))
470#define isALPHA_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALPHA_LC(c) : is_uni_alpha_lc(c))
471#define isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isSPACE_LC(c) : is_uni_space_lc(c))
472#define isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isDIGIT_LC(c) : is_uni_digit_lc(c))
473#define isUPPER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isUPPER_LC(c) : is_uni_upper_lc(c))
474#define isLOWER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isLOWER_LC(c) : is_uni_lower_lc(c))
475#define isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUMC_LC(c) : is_uni_alnumc_lc(c))
476#define isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isCNTRL_LC(c) : is_uni_cntrl_lc(c))
477#define isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isGRAPH_LC(c) : is_uni_graph_lc(c))
478#define isPRINT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPRINT_LC(c) : is_uni_print_lc(c))
479#define isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPUNCT_LC(c) : is_uni_punct_lc(c))
a0ed51b3 480
aaa51d5e 481#define isPSXSPC_LC_uni(c) (isSPACE_LC_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
482#define isBLANK_LC_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
483
a0ed51b3 484#define isALNUM_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnum(p)
82686b01 485/* The ID_Start of Unicode is quite limiting: it assumes a L-class
486 * character (meaning that you cannot have, say, a CJK character).
487 * Instead, let's allow ID_Continue but not digits. */
488#define isIDFIRST_utf8(p) (is_utf8_idcont(p) && !is_utf8_digit(p))
a0ed51b3 489#define isALPHA_utf8(p) is_utf8_alpha(p)
490#define isSPACE_utf8(p) is_utf8_space(p)
491#define isDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_digit(p)
492#define isUPPER_utf8(p) is_utf8_upper(p)
493#define isLOWER_utf8(p) is_utf8_lower(p)
b8c5462f 494#define isALNUMC_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnumc(p)
495#define isASCII_utf8(p) is_utf8_ascii(p)
496#define isCNTRL_utf8(p) is_utf8_cntrl(p)
497#define isGRAPH_utf8(p) is_utf8_graph(p)
a0ed51b3 498#define isPRINT_utf8(p) is_utf8_print(p)
b8c5462f 499#define isPUNCT_utf8(p) is_utf8_punct(p)
500#define isXDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_xdigit(p)
a2a2844f 501#define toUPPER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_upper(p,s,l)
502#define toTITLE_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_title(p,s,l)
503#define toLOWER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_lower(p,s,l)
a0ed51b3 504
aaa51d5e 505#define isPSXSPC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
506#define isBLANK_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
507
9041c2e3 508#define isALNUM_LC_utf8(p) isALNUM_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
509#define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8(p) isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
510#define isALPHA_LC_utf8(p) isALPHA_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
511#define isSPACE_LC_utf8(p) isSPACE_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
512#define isDIGIT_LC_utf8(p) isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
513#define isUPPER_LC_utf8(p) isUPPER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
514#define isLOWER_LC_utf8(p) isLOWER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
515#define isALNUMC_LC_utf8(p) isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
516#define isCNTRL_LC_utf8(p) isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
517#define isGRAPH_LC_utf8(p) isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
518#define isPRINT_LC_utf8(p) isPRINT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
519#define isPUNCT_LC_utf8(p) isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
a0ed51b3 520
aaa51d5e 521#define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_LC_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
522#define isBLANK_LC_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
523
9d116dd7 524#ifdef EBCDIC
20b634c2 525# ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
526# define toCTRL(c) Perl_ebcdic_control(aTHX_ c)
527# else
528# define toCTRL Perl_ebcdic_control
529# endif
9d116dd7 530#else
531 /* This conversion works both ways, strangely enough. */
532# define toCTRL(c) (toUPPER(c) ^ 64)
533#endif
bbce6d69 534
dea28490 535/* Line numbers are unsigned, 32 bits. */
536typedef U32 line_t;
dea28490 537#define NOLINE ((line_t) 4294967295UL)
378cc40b 538
8c52afec 539
8e84507e 540/*
ccfc67b7 541=head1 SV Manipulation Functions
542
954c1994 543=for apidoc Am|SV*|NEWSV|int id|STRLEN len
544Creates a new SV. A non-zero C<len> parameter indicates the number of
545bytes of preallocated string space the SV should have. An extra byte for a
546tailing NUL is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the SV even if string
8e84507e 547space is allocated.) The reference count for the new SV is set to 1.
954c1994 548C<id> is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks).
549
ccfc67b7 550=head1 Memory Management
551
a02a5408 552=for apidoc Am|void|Newx|void* ptr|int nitems|type
954c1994 553The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
554
c5008215 555In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
556the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
557themselves. This aid has been superceded by a new build option,
558PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
559there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
560
a02a5408 561=for apidoc Am|void|Newxc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
954c1994 562The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
c5008215 563cast. See also C<Newx>.
954c1994 564
a02a5408 565=for apidoc Am|void|Newxz|void* ptr|int nitems|type
954c1994 566The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
c5008215 567memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<Newx>.
a02a5408 568
954c1994 569=for apidoc Am|void|Renew|void* ptr|int nitems|type
570The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
571
572=for apidoc Am|void|Renewc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
573The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
574cast.
575
49b8b560 576=for apidoc Am|void|Safefree|void* ptr
954c1994 577The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
578
579=for apidoc Am|void|Move|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
580The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
581source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
582the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
583
e90e2364 584=for apidoc Am|void *|MoveD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
585Like C<Move> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
586optimise.
587
954c1994 588=for apidoc Am|void|Copy|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
589The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
590source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
591the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
592
e90e2364 593=for apidoc Am|void *|CopyD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
594
595Like C<Copy> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
596optimise.
597
954c1994 598=for apidoc Am|void|Zero|void* dest|int nitems|type
599
600The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
601destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
602
e90e2364 603=for apidoc Am|void *|ZeroD|void* dest|int nitems|type
604
605Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
606optimise.
607
954c1994 608=for apidoc Am|void|StructCopy|type src|type dest|type
4375e838 609This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
954c1994 610
9965345d 611=for apidoc Am|void|Poison|void* dest|int nitems|type
612
613Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that
614hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
615
616=cut */
954c1994 617
ff06c60c 618#define NEWSV(x,len) newSV(len)
619
27d5b266 620#ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
621#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t) \
ed87b6ed 622 (void)((sizeof(t)>1?(n):1)>((MEM_SIZE)~0)/sizeof(t)?(Perl_croak_nocontext(PL_memory_wrap),0):0)
27d5b266 623#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a) \
ed87b6ed 624 (void)((sizeof(t)>1?(n):1)>((MEM_SIZE)~0)/sizeof(t)?(Perl_croak_nocontext(a),0):0)
27d5b266 625#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_2(n,t,a,b) \
ed87b6ed 626 (void)((sizeof(t)>1?(n):1)>((MEM_SIZE)~0)/sizeof(t)?(Perl_croak_nocontext(a,b),0):0)
8b44ba4c 627#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
27d5b266 628
6fff79ce 629#define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > (MEM_SIZE)~0 - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (Perl_croak_nocontext(PL_memory_wrap),0):0),((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
1936d2a7 630
27d5b266 631#else
632
410319be 633#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
634#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a)
635#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_2(n,t,a,b)
8b44ba4c 636#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t)
637
6fff79ce 638#define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) (((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
27d5b266 639
1936d2a7 640#endif
8b44ba4c 641
fe4f188c 642#ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG
46c6c7e2 643/*
9f653bb5 644 * If PERL_MEM_LOG is defined, all Newx()s, Renew()s, and Safefree()s
46c6c7e2 645 * go through functions, which are handy for debugging breakpoints, but
646 * which more importantly get the immediate calling environment (file and
e352bcff 647 * line number, and C function name if available) passed in. This info can
648 * then be used for logging the calls, for which one gets a sample
649 * implementation if PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR is defined.
3609ea0d 650 *
46c6c7e2 651 * Known problems:
652 * - all memory allocs do not get logged, only those
653 * that go through Newx() and derivatives (while all
654 * Safefrees do get logged)
655 * - __FILE__ and __LINE__ do not work everywhere
656 * - __func__ or __FUNCTION__ even less so
657 * - I think more goes on after the perlio frees but
658 * the thing is that STDERR gets closed (as do all
659 * the file descriptors)
660 * - no deeper calling stack than the caller of the Newx()
661 * or the kind, but do I look like a C reflection/introspection
662 * utility to you?
663 * - the function prototypes for the logging functions
664 * probably should maybe be somewhere else than handy.h
665 * - one could consider inlining (macrofying) the logging
666 * for speed, but I am too lazy
667 * - one could imagine recording the allocations in a hash,
668 * (keyed by the allocation address?), and maintain that
669 * through reallocs and frees, but how to do that without
670 * any News() happening...?
671 */
672
673Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
674
675Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
676
677Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
678
fe4f188c 679#endif
680
681#ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG
46c6c7e2 682#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
683#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
684#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
fe4f188c 685#endif
686
687#ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
688#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) (a)
689#endif
690#ifndef MEM_LOG_REALLOC
691#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) (a)
692#endif
693#ifndef MEM_LOG_FREE
694#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) (a)
695#endif
696
697#define Newx(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
698#define Newxc(v,n,t,c) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(c*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
699#define Newxz(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t)))))), \
ff68c719 700 memzero((char*)(v), (n)*sizeof(t))
a6f6820f 701
702#ifndef PERL_CORE
a02a5408 703/* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
704#define New(x,v,n,t) Newx(v,n,t)
705#define Newc(x,v,n,t,c) Newxc(v,n,t,c)
4541904d 706#define Newz(x,v,n,t) Newxz(v,n,t)
a6f6820f 707#endif
a02a5408 708
ff68c719 709#define Renew(v,n,t) \
fe4f188c 710 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(t*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
ff68c719 711#define Renewc(v,n,t,c) \
fe4f188c 712 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(c*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
94010e71 713
714#ifdef PERL_POISON
715#define Safefree(d) \
fe4f188c 716 ((d) ? (void)(safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))), Poison(&(d), 1, Malloc_t)) : (void) 0)
94010e71 717#else
fe4f188c 718#define Safefree(d) safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))
94010e71 719#endif
55497cff 720
8b44ba4c 721#define Move(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
722#define Copy(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
723#define Zero(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
55497cff 724
8b44ba4c 725#define MoveD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
726#define CopyD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
e90e2364 727#ifdef HAS_MEMSET
8b44ba4c 728#define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
e90e2364 729#else
8b44ba4c 730/* Using bzero(), which returns void. */
731#define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)),d)
e90e2364 732#endif
733
8b44ba4c 734#define Poison(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), 0xAB, (n) * sizeof(t)))
27d5b266 735
2304df62 736#ifdef USE_STRUCT_COPY
ff68c719 737#define StructCopy(s,d,t) (*((t*)(d)) = *((t*)(s)))
bee1dbe2 738#else
739#define StructCopy(s,d,t) Copy(s,d,1,t)
740#endif
2cc61e15 741
622913ab 742#define C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof((a)[0]))
743
2cc61e15 744#ifdef NEED_VA_COPY
745# ifdef va_copy
746# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) va_copy(d, s)
2cc61e15 747# else
a1866d1b 748# if defined(__va_copy)
749# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) __va_copy(d, s)
750# else
751# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) Copy(s, d, 1, va_list)
752# endif
2cc61e15 753# endif
754#endif
755
472d47bc 756/* convenience debug macros */
757#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
758#define pTHX_FORMAT "Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
759#define pTHX__FORMAT ", Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
f54cb97a 760#define pTHX_VALUE_ (void *)my_perl,
761#define pTHX_VALUE (void *)my_perl
762#define pTHX__VALUE_ ,(void *)my_perl,
763#define pTHX__VALUE ,(void *)my_perl
472d47bc 764#else
3609ea0d 765#define pTHX_FORMAT
472d47bc 766#define pTHX__FORMAT
3609ea0d 767#define pTHX_VALUE_
472d47bc 768#define pTHX_VALUE
3609ea0d 769#define pTHX__VALUE_
472d47bc 770#define pTHX__VALUE
771#endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3609ea0d 772
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