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Change 31849 forgot to regenerate the documentation - removing a
[p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git] / handy.h
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a0d0e21e 1/* handy.h
a687059c 2 *
4bb101f2 3 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999,
acde74e1 4 * 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, by Larry Wall and others
a687059c 5 *
6e21c824 6 * You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
7 * License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
8d063cd8 8 *
8d063cd8 9 */
10
85e6fe83 11#if !defined(__STDC__)
378cc40b 12#ifdef NULL
13#undef NULL
14#endif
a687059c 15#ifndef I286
16# define NULL 0
17#else
18# define NULL 0L
19#endif
85e6fe83 20#endif
21
378cc40b 22#define Null(type) ((type)NULL)
954c1994 23
24/*
ccfc67b7 25=head1 Handy Values
954c1994 26
3609ea0d 27=for apidoc AmU||Nullch
ccfc67b7 28Null character pointer.
2307c6d0 29
954c1994 30=for apidoc AmU||Nullsv
31Null SV pointer.
32
33=cut
34*/
35
8d063cd8 36#define Nullch Null(char*)
760ac839 37#define Nullfp Null(PerlIO*)
79072805 38#define Nullsv Null(SV*)
8d063cd8 39
641d3f0b 40#ifdef TRUE
41#undef TRUE
42#endif
43#ifdef FALSE
44#undef FALSE
45#endif
46#define TRUE (1)
47#define FALSE (0)
48
27d4fb96 49
50/* XXX Configure ought to have a test for a boolean type, if I can
51 just figure out all the headers such a test needs.
52 Andy Dougherty August 1996
53*/
8e84507e 54/* bool is built-in for g++-2.6.3 and later, which might be used
c1d22f6b 55 for extensions. <_G_config.h> defines _G_HAVE_BOOL, but we can't
56 be sure _G_config.h will be included before this file. _G_config.h
8e84507e 57 also defines _G_HAVE_BOOL for both gcc and g++, but only g++
c1d22f6b 58 actually has bool. Hence, _G_HAVE_BOOL is pretty useless for us.
59 g++ can be identified by __GNUG__.
60 Andy Dougherty February 2000
5d94fbed 61*/
3609ea0d 62#ifdef __GNUG__ /* GNU g++ has bool built-in */
5d94fbed 63# ifndef HAS_BOOL
c1d22f6b 64# define HAS_BOOL 1
5d94fbed 65# endif
5d94fbed 66#endif
67
641d3f0b 68/* The NeXT dynamic loader headers will not build with the bool macro
69 So declare them now to clear confusion.
70*/
8f1f23e8 71#if defined(NeXT) || defined(__NeXT__)
641d3f0b 72# undef FALSE
73# undef TRUE
74 typedef enum bool { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 } bool;
75# define ENUM_BOOL 1
76# ifndef HAS_BOOL
77# define HAS_BOOL 1
78# endif /* !HAS_BOOL */
8f1f23e8 79#endif /* NeXT || __NeXT__ */
641d3f0b 80
5d94fbed 81#ifndef HAS_BOOL
61bb5906 82# if defined(UTS) || defined(VMS)
5d94fbed 83# define bool int
84# else
85# define bool char
86# endif
c1d22f6b 87# define HAS_BOOL 1
a687059c 88#endif
0d3e774c 89
46c6c7e2 90/* Try to figure out __func__ or __FUNCTION__ equivalent, if any.
e352bcff 91 * XXX Should really be a Configure probe, with HAS__FUNCTION__
92 * and FUNCTION__ as results.
93 * XXX Similarly, a Configure probe for __FILE__ and __LINE__ is needed. */
46c6c7e2 94#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L) || (defined(__SUNPRO_C)) /* C99 or close enough. */
95# define FUNCTION__ __func__
96#else
97# if (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1300) || /* Pre-MSVC 7.0 has neither __func__ nor __FUNCTION and no good workarounds, either. */ \
be73ebb0 98 (defined(__DECC_VER)) /* Tru64 or VMS, and strict C89 being used, but not modern enough cc (in Tur64, -c99 not known, only -std1). */
46c6c7e2 99# define FUNCTION__ ""
100# else
101# define FUNCTION__ __FUNCTION__ /* Common extension. */
102# endif
103#endif
104
27d4fb96 105/* XXX A note on the perl source internal type system. The
106 original intent was that I32 be *exactly* 32 bits.
107
108 Currently, we only guarantee that I32 is *at least* 32 bits.
109 Specifically, if int is 64 bits, then so is I32. (This is the case
110 for the Cray.) This has the advantage of meshing nicely with
111 standard library calls (where we pass an I32 and the library is
112 expecting an int), but the disadvantage that an I32 is not 32 bits.
113 Andy Dougherty August 1996
24fef2a7 114
dc45a647 115 There is no guarantee that there is *any* integral type with
116 exactly 32 bits. It is perfectly legal for a system to have
117 sizeof(short) == sizeof(int) == sizeof(long) == 8.
693762b4 118
dc45a647 119 Similarly, there is no guarantee that I16 and U16 have exactly 16
120 bits.
693762b4 121
8e84507e 122 For dealing with issues that may arise from various 32/64-bit
123 systems, we will ask Configure to check out
8175356b 124
3609ea0d 125 SHORTSIZE == sizeof(short)
126 INTSIZE == sizeof(int)
127 LONGSIZE == sizeof(long)
dc45a647 128 LONGLONGSIZE == sizeof(long long) (if HAS_LONG_LONG)
3609ea0d 129 PTRSIZE == sizeof(void *)
dc45a647 130 DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(double)
131 LONG_DOUBLESIZE == sizeof(long double) (if HAS_LONG_DOUBLE).
8175356b 132
27d4fb96 133*/
134
69512466 135#ifdef I_INTTYPES /* e.g. Linux has int64_t without <inttypes.h> */
136# include <inttypes.h>
dd0eed91 137# ifdef INT32_MIN_BROKEN
138# undef INT32_MIN
139# define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
140# endif
141# ifdef INT64_MIN_BROKEN
142# undef INT64_MIN
143# define INT64_MIN (-9223372036854775807LL-1)
144# endif
69512466 145#endif
146
8175356b 147typedef I8TYPE I8;
148typedef U8TYPE U8;
149typedef I16TYPE I16;
150typedef U16TYPE U16;
151typedef I32TYPE I32;
152typedef U32TYPE U32;
6b8eaf93 153#ifdef PERL_CORE
154# ifdef HAS_QUAD
8175356b 155typedef I64TYPE I64;
156typedef U64TYPE U64;
6b8eaf93 157# endif
158#endif /* PERL_CORE */
8175356b 159
69512466 160#if defined(HAS_QUAD) && defined(USE_64_BIT_INT)
161# ifndef UINT64_C /* usually from <inttypes.h> */
162# if defined(HAS_LONG_LONG) && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG_LONG
163# define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,LL)
164# define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,ULL)
165# else
166# if LONGSIZE == 8 && QUADKIND == QUAD_IS_LONG
167# define INT64_C(c) CAT2(c,L)
168# define UINT64_C(c) CAT2(c,UL)
169# else
170# define INT64_C(c) ((I64TYPE)(c))
171# define UINT64_C(c) ((U64TYPE)(c))
172# endif
173# endif
e8c95190 174# endif
175#endif
dc750f2e 176
cae3d67c 177/* HMB H.Merijn Brand - a placeholder for preparing Configure patches */
3497a01f 178#if defined(HAS_MALLOC_SIZE) && defined(LOCALTIME_R_NEEDS_TZSET) && defined(HAS_PSEUDOFORK)
cae3d67c 179/* Not (yet) used at top level, but mention them for metaconfig */
dc750f2e 180#endif
e8c95190 181
a22e52b9 182/* Mention I8SIZE, U8SIZE, I16SIZE, U16SIZE, I32SIZE, U32SIZE,
183 I64SIZE, and U64SIZE here so that metaconfig pulls them in. */
184
d8668976 185#if defined(UINT8_MAX) && defined(INT16_MAX) && defined(INT32_MAX)
5ff3f7a4 186
5ff3f7a4 187/* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
188 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
189#define U8_MAX UINT8_MAX
190#define U8_MIN UINT8_MIN
191
5ff3f7a4 192#define I16_MAX INT16_MAX
193#define I16_MIN INT16_MIN
194#define U16_MAX UINT16_MAX
195#define U16_MIN UINT16_MIN
196
5ff3f7a4 197#define I32_MAX INT32_MAX
198#define I32_MIN INT32_MIN
0e983133 199#ifndef UINT32_MAX_BROKEN /* e.g. HP-UX with gcc messes this up */
200# define U32_MAX UINT32_MAX
201#else
202# define U32_MAX 4294967295U
203#endif
5ff3f7a4 204#define U32_MIN UINT32_MIN
205
206#else
207
5c9fa16e 208/* I8_MAX and I8_MIN constants are not defined, as I8 is an ambiguous type.
209 Please search CHAR_MAX in perl.h for further details. */
27d4fb96 210#define U8_MAX PERL_UCHAR_MAX
211#define U8_MIN PERL_UCHAR_MIN
79072805 212
27d4fb96 213#define I16_MAX PERL_SHORT_MAX
214#define I16_MIN PERL_SHORT_MIN
215#define U16_MAX PERL_USHORT_MAX
216#define U16_MIN PERL_USHORT_MIN
79072805 217
c4f23d77 218#if LONGSIZE > 4
27d4fb96 219# define I32_MAX PERL_INT_MAX
220# define I32_MIN PERL_INT_MIN
221# define U32_MAX PERL_UINT_MAX
222# define U32_MIN PERL_UINT_MIN
79072805 223#else
27d4fb96 224# define I32_MAX PERL_LONG_MAX
225# define I32_MIN PERL_LONG_MIN
226# define U32_MAX PERL_ULONG_MAX
227# define U32_MIN PERL_ULONG_MIN
79072805 228#endif
229
5ff3f7a4 230#endif
231
58a9a5d5 232/* log(2) is pretty close to 0.30103, just in case anyone is grepping for it */
fc36a67e 233#define BIT_DIGITS(N) (((N)*146)/485 + 1) /* log2(10) =~ 146/485 */
234#define TYPE_DIGITS(T) BIT_DIGITS(sizeof(T) * 8)
235#define TYPE_CHARS(T) (TYPE_DIGITS(T) + 2) /* sign, NUL */
236
ff68c719 237#define Ctl(ch) ((ch) & 037)
8d063cd8 238
3fe05580 239/*
240=head1 SV-Body Allocation
241
242=for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs|const char* s
243Like C<newSVpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
244
245=for apidoc Ama|SV*|newSVpvs_share|const char* s
246Like C<newSVpvn_share>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length
247pair and omits the hash parameter.
248
7b4e7469 249=for apidoc Am|void|sv_catpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
3fe05580 250Like C<sv_catpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
251
7b4e7469 252=for apidoc Am|void|sv_setpvs|SV* sv|const char* s
3fe05580 253Like C<sv_setpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
254
255=head1 Memory Management
256
257=for apidoc Ama|char*|savepvs|const char* s
258Like C<savepvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
259
260=head1 GV Functions
261
262=for apidoc Am|HV*|gv_stashpvs|const char* name|I32 create
263Like C<gv_stashpvn>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
264
265=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions
266
267=for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_fetchs|HV* tb|const char* key|I32 lval
268Like C<hv_fetch>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair.
269
270=for apidoc Am|SV**|hv_stores|HV* tb|const char* key|NULLOK SV* val
271Like C<hv_store>, but takes a literal string instead of a string/length pair
272and omits the hash parameter.
273
274=cut
275*/
276
65177ae0 277/* concatenating with "" ensures that only literal strings are accepted as argument */
2efa8cc7 278#define STR_WITH_LEN(s) (s ""), (sizeof(s)-1)
279
ba3a79e7 280/* note that STR_WITH_LEN() can't be used as argument to macros or functions that
281 * under some configurations might be macros, which means that it requires the full
282 * Perl_xxx(aTHX_ ...) form for any API calls where it's used.
283 */
284
285/* STR_WITH_LEN() shortcuts */
286#define newSVpvs(str) Perl_newSVpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
287#define newSVpvs_share(str) Perl_newSVpvn_share(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), 0)
288#define sv_catpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_catpvn_flags(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), SV_GMAGIC)
3fe05580 289#define sv_setpvs(sv, str) Perl_sv_setpvn(aTHX_ sv, STR_WITH_LEN(str))
ba3a79e7 290#define savepvs(str) Perl_savepvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str))
291#define gv_stashpvs(str, create) Perl_gv_stashpvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), create)
5c1737d1 292#define gv_fetchpvs(namebeg, add, sv_type) Perl_gv_fetchpvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(namebeg), add, sv_type)
a4fc7abc 293#define hv_fetchs(hv,key,lval) Perl_hv_fetch(aTHX_ hv, STR_WITH_LEN(key), lval)
3fe05580 294#define hv_stores(hv,key,val) Perl_hv_store(aTHX_ hv, STR_WITH_LEN(key), val, 0)
ba3a79e7 295
5c1737d1 296
954c1994 297/*
ccfc67b7 298=head1 Miscellaneous Functions
299
954c1994 300=for apidoc Am|bool|strNE|char* s1|char* s2
301Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or
302false.
303
304=for apidoc Am|bool|strEQ|char* s1|char* s2
305Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false.
306
307=for apidoc Am|bool|strLT|char* s1|char* s2
308Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than the second,
309C<s2>. Returns true or false.
310
311=for apidoc Am|bool|strLE|char* s1|char* s2
312Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is less than or equal to the
313second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
314
315=for apidoc Am|bool|strGT|char* s1|char* s2
316Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than the second,
317C<s2>. Returns true or false.
318
319=for apidoc Am|bool|strGE|char* s1|char* s2
320Test two strings to see if the first, C<s1>, is greater than or equal to
321the second, C<s2>. Returns true or false.
322
323=for apidoc Am|bool|strnNE|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
324Test two strings to see if they are different. The C<len> parameter
325indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A
326wrapper for C<strncmp>).
327
328=for apidoc Am|bool|strnEQ|char* s1|char* s2|STRLEN len
329Test two strings to see if they are equal. The C<len> parameter indicates
330the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for
331C<strncmp>).
332
333=cut
334*/
335
8d063cd8 336#define strNE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2))
337#define strEQ(s1,s2) (!strcmp(s1,s2))
338#define strLT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) < 0)
339#define strLE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) <= 0)
340#define strGT(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) > 0)
341#define strGE(s1,s2) (strcmp(s1,s2) >= 0)
342#define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l))
343#define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (!strncmp(s1,s2,l))
378cc40b 344
36477c24 345#ifdef HAS_MEMCMP
346# define memNE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l))
347# define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!memcmp(s1,s2,l))
348#else
349# define memNE(s1,s2,l) (bcmp(s1,s2,l))
350# define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (!bcmp(s1,s2,l))
351#endif
352
568a785a 353#define memEQs(s1, l, s2) \
354 (sizeof(s2)-1 == l && memEQ(s1, (s2 ""), (sizeof(s2)-1)))
355#define memNEs(s1, l, s2) !memEQs(s1, l, s2)
356
bbce6d69 357/*
358 * Character classes.
359 *
360 * Unfortunately, the introduction of locales means that we
361 * can't trust isupper(), etc. to tell the truth. And when
362 * it comes to /\w+/ with tainting enabled, we *must* be able
363 * to trust our character classes.
364 *
365 * Therefore, the default tests in the text of Perl will be
366 * independent of locale. Any code that wants to depend on
367 * the current locale will use the tests that begin with "lc".
368 */
369
2304df62 370#ifdef HAS_SETLOCALE /* XXX Is there a better test for this? */
371# ifndef CTYPE256
372# define CTYPE256
373# endif
374#endif
375
954c1994 376/*
ccfc67b7 377
378=head1 Character classes
379
954c1994 380=for apidoc Am|bool|isALNUM|char ch
4375e838 381Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphanumeric
f1cbbd6e 382character (including underscore) or digit.
954c1994 383
384=for apidoc Am|bool|isALPHA|char ch
4375e838 385Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII alphabetic
954c1994 386character.
387
388=for apidoc Am|bool|isSPACE|char ch
389Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is whitespace.
390
391=for apidoc Am|bool|isDIGIT|char ch
4375e838 392Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an ASCII
954c1994 393digit.
394
395=for apidoc Am|bool|isUPPER|char ch
396Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is an uppercase
397character.
398
399=for apidoc Am|bool|isLOWER|char ch
400Returns a boolean indicating whether the C C<char> is a lowercase
401character.
402
403=for apidoc Am|char|toUPPER|char ch
404Converts the specified character to uppercase.
405
406=for apidoc Am|char|toLOWER|char ch
407Converts the specified character to lowercase.
408
409=cut
410*/
411
bbce6d69 412#define isALNUM(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c) || (c) == '_')
413#define isIDFIRST(c) (isALPHA(c) || (c) == '_')
414#define isALPHA(c) (isUPPER(c) || isLOWER(c))
415#define isSPACE(c) \
416 ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '\n' || (c) =='\r' || (c) == '\f')
aaa51d5e 417#define isPSXSPC(c) (isSPACE(c) || (c) == '\v')
418#define isBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
bbce6d69 419#define isDIGIT(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
9d116dd7 420#ifdef EBCDIC
421 /* In EBCDIC we do not do locales: therefore() isupper() is fine. */
422# define isUPPER(c) isupper(c)
423# define isLOWER(c) islower(c)
b8c5462f 424# define isALNUMC(c) isalnum(c)
425# define isASCII(c) isascii(c)
426# define isCNTRL(c) iscntrl(c)
427# define isGRAPH(c) isgraph(c)
9d116dd7 428# define isPRINT(c) isprint(c)
b8c5462f 429# define isPUNCT(c) ispunct(c)
430# define isXDIGIT(c) isxdigit(c)
9d116dd7 431# define toUPPER(c) toupper(c)
432# define toLOWER(c) tolower(c)
433#else
434# define isUPPER(c) ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'Z')
435# define isLOWER(c) ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'z')
b8c5462f 436# define isALNUMC(c) (isALPHA(c) || isDIGIT(c))
437# define isASCII(c) ((c) <= 127)
7be5a6cf 438# define isCNTRL(c) ((c) < ' ' || (c) == 127)
b8c5462f 439# define isGRAPH(c) (isALNUM(c) || isPUNCT(c))
f79b3095 440# define isPRINT(c) (((c) > 32 && (c) < 127) || (c) == ' ')
b8c5462f 441# define isPUNCT(c) (((c) >= 33 && (c) <= 47) || ((c) >= 58 && (c) <= 64) || ((c) >= 91 && (c) <= 96) || ((c) >= 123 && (c) <= 126))
c302d089 442# define isXDIGIT(c) (isDIGIT(c) || ((c) >= 'a' && (c) <= 'f') || ((c) >= 'A' && (c) <= 'F'))
9d116dd7 443# define toUPPER(c) (isLOWER(c) ? (c) - ('a' - 'A') : (c))
444# define toLOWER(c) (isUPPER(c) ? (c) + ('a' - 'A') : (c))
445#endif
bbce6d69 446
447#ifdef USE_NEXT_CTYPE
448
449# define isALNUM_LC(c) \
37bd1396 450 (NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
ff68c719 451# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) \
452 (NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
453# define isALPHA_LC(c) NXIsAlpha((unsigned int)(c))
454# define isSPACE_LC(c) NXIsSpace((unsigned int)(c))
455# define isDIGIT_LC(c) NXIsDigit((unsigned int)(c))
456# define isUPPER_LC(c) NXIsUpper((unsigned int)(c))
457# define isLOWER_LC(c) NXIsLower((unsigned int)(c))
37bd1396 458# define isALNUMC_LC(c) NXIsAlNum((unsigned int)(c))
b8c5462f 459# define isCNTRL_LC(c) NXIsCntrl((unsigned int)(c))
460# define isGRAPH_LC(c) NXIsGraph((unsigned int)(c))
ff68c719 461# define isPRINT_LC(c) NXIsPrint((unsigned int)(c))
b8c5462f 462# define isPUNCT_LC(c) NXIsPunct((unsigned int)(c))
ff68c719 463# define toUPPER_LC(c) NXToUpper((unsigned int)(c))
464# define toLOWER_LC(c) NXToLower((unsigned int)(c))
bbce6d69 465
466#else /* !USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
b8c5462f 467
bbce6d69 468# if defined(CTYPE256) || (!defined(isascii) && !defined(HAS_ISASCII))
469
b8c5462f 470# define isALNUM_LC(c) (isalnum((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
ff68c719 471# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isalpha((unsigned char)(c)) || (char)(c) == '_')
bbce6d69 472# define isALPHA_LC(c) isalpha((unsigned char)(c))
473# define isSPACE_LC(c) isspace((unsigned char)(c))
474# define isDIGIT_LC(c) isdigit((unsigned char)(c))
475# define isUPPER_LC(c) isupper((unsigned char)(c))
476# define isLOWER_LC(c) islower((unsigned char)(c))
b8c5462f 477# define isALNUMC_LC(c) isalnum((unsigned char)(c))
478# define isCNTRL_LC(c) iscntrl((unsigned char)(c))
479# define isGRAPH_LC(c) isgraph((unsigned char)(c))
bbce6d69 480# define isPRINT_LC(c) isprint((unsigned char)(c))
b8c5462f 481# define isPUNCT_LC(c) ispunct((unsigned char)(c))
bbce6d69 482# define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper((unsigned char)(c))
483# define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower((unsigned char)(c))
484
485# else
486
3609ea0d 487# define isALNUM_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_'))
bbce6d69 488# define isIDFIRST_LC(c) (isascii(c) && (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_'))
489# define isALPHA_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalpha(c))
490# define isSPACE_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isspace(c))
491# define isDIGIT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isdigit(c))
492# define isUPPER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isupper(c))
493# define isLOWER_LC(c) (isascii(c) && islower(c))
b8c5462f 494# define isALNUMC_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isalnum(c))
495# define isCNTRL_LC(c) (isascii(c) && iscntrl(c))
496# define isGRAPH_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isgraph(c))
bbce6d69 497# define isPRINT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && isprint(c))
b8c5462f 498# define isPUNCT_LC(c) (isascii(c) && ispunct(c))
bbce6d69 499# define toUPPER_LC(c) toupper(c)
500# define toLOWER_LC(c) tolower(c)
501
502# endif
a0d0e21e 503#endif /* USE_NEXT_CTYPE */
55204971 504
aaa51d5e 505#define isPSXSPC_LC(c) (isSPACE_LC(c) || (c) == '\v')
506#define isBLANK_LC(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
507
a0ed51b3 508#define isALNUM_uni(c) is_uni_alnum(c)
509#define isIDFIRST_uni(c) is_uni_idfirst(c)
510#define isALPHA_uni(c) is_uni_alpha(c)
511#define isSPACE_uni(c) is_uni_space(c)
512#define isDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_digit(c)
513#define isUPPER_uni(c) is_uni_upper(c)
514#define isLOWER_uni(c) is_uni_lower(c)
b8c5462f 515#define isALNUMC_uni(c) is_uni_alnumc(c)
516#define isASCII_uni(c) is_uni_ascii(c)
517#define isCNTRL_uni(c) is_uni_cntrl(c)
518#define isGRAPH_uni(c) is_uni_graph(c)
a0ed51b3 519#define isPRINT_uni(c) is_uni_print(c)
b8c5462f 520#define isPUNCT_uni(c) is_uni_punct(c)
521#define isXDIGIT_uni(c) is_uni_xdigit(c)
a2a2844f 522#define toUPPER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_upper(c,s,l)
523#define toTITLE_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_title(c,s,l)
524#define toLOWER_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_lower(c,s,l)
b8d68ded 525#define toFOLD_uni(c,s,l) to_uni_fold(c,s,l)
a0ed51b3 526
aaa51d5e 527#define isPSXSPC_uni(c) (isSPACE_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
528#define isBLANK_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
529
9041c2e3 530#define isALNUM_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUM_LC(c) : is_uni_alnum_lc(c))
531#define isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isIDFIRST_LC(c) : is_uni_idfirst_lc(c))
532#define isALPHA_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALPHA_LC(c) : is_uni_alpha_lc(c))
533#define isSPACE_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isSPACE_LC(c) : is_uni_space_lc(c))
534#define isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isDIGIT_LC(c) : is_uni_digit_lc(c))
535#define isUPPER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isUPPER_LC(c) : is_uni_upper_lc(c))
536#define isLOWER_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isLOWER_LC(c) : is_uni_lower_lc(c))
537#define isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isALNUMC_LC(c) : is_uni_alnumc_lc(c))
538#define isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isCNTRL_LC(c) : is_uni_cntrl_lc(c))
539#define isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isGRAPH_LC(c) : is_uni_graph_lc(c))
540#define isPRINT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPRINT_LC(c) : is_uni_print_lc(c))
541#define isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(c) (c < 256 ? isPUNCT_LC(c) : is_uni_punct_lc(c))
a0ed51b3 542
aaa51d5e 543#define isPSXSPC_LC_uni(c) (isSPACE_LC_uni(c) ||(c) == '\f')
544#define isBLANK_LC_uni(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
545
a0ed51b3 546#define isALNUM_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnum(p)
82686b01 547/* The ID_Start of Unicode is quite limiting: it assumes a L-class
548 * character (meaning that you cannot have, say, a CJK character).
549 * Instead, let's allow ID_Continue but not digits. */
550#define isIDFIRST_utf8(p) (is_utf8_idcont(p) && !is_utf8_digit(p))
a0ed51b3 551#define isALPHA_utf8(p) is_utf8_alpha(p)
552#define isSPACE_utf8(p) is_utf8_space(p)
553#define isDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_digit(p)
554#define isUPPER_utf8(p) is_utf8_upper(p)
555#define isLOWER_utf8(p) is_utf8_lower(p)
b8c5462f 556#define isALNUMC_utf8(p) is_utf8_alnumc(p)
557#define isASCII_utf8(p) is_utf8_ascii(p)
558#define isCNTRL_utf8(p) is_utf8_cntrl(p)
559#define isGRAPH_utf8(p) is_utf8_graph(p)
a0ed51b3 560#define isPRINT_utf8(p) is_utf8_print(p)
b8c5462f 561#define isPUNCT_utf8(p) is_utf8_punct(p)
562#define isXDIGIT_utf8(p) is_utf8_xdigit(p)
a2a2844f 563#define toUPPER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_upper(p,s,l)
564#define toTITLE_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_title(p,s,l)
565#define toLOWER_utf8(p,s,l) to_utf8_lower(p,s,l)
a0ed51b3 566
aaa51d5e 567#define isPSXSPC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
568#define isBLANK_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
569
9041c2e3 570#define isALNUM_LC_utf8(p) isALNUM_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
571#define isIDFIRST_LC_utf8(p) isIDFIRST_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
572#define isALPHA_LC_utf8(p) isALPHA_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
573#define isSPACE_LC_utf8(p) isSPACE_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
574#define isDIGIT_LC_utf8(p) isDIGIT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
575#define isUPPER_LC_utf8(p) isUPPER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
576#define isLOWER_LC_utf8(p) isLOWER_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
577#define isALNUMC_LC_utf8(p) isALNUMC_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
578#define isCNTRL_LC_utf8(p) isCNTRL_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
579#define isGRAPH_LC_utf8(p) isGRAPH_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
580#define isPRINT_LC_utf8(p) isPRINT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
581#define isPUNCT_LC_utf8(p) isPUNCT_LC_uvchr(utf8_to_uvchr(p, 0))
a0ed51b3 582
aaa51d5e 583#define isPSXSPC_LC_utf8(c) (isSPACE_LC_utf8(c) ||(c) == '\f')
584#define isBLANK_LC_utf8(c) isBLANK(c) /* could be wrong */
585
9d116dd7 586#ifdef EBCDIC
20b634c2 587# ifdef PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
588# define toCTRL(c) Perl_ebcdic_control(aTHX_ c)
589# else
590# define toCTRL Perl_ebcdic_control
591# endif
9d116dd7 592#else
593 /* This conversion works both ways, strangely enough. */
594# define toCTRL(c) (toUPPER(c) ^ 64)
595#endif
bbce6d69 596
dea28490 597/* Line numbers are unsigned, 32 bits. */
598typedef U32 line_t;
dea28490 599#define NOLINE ((line_t) 4294967295UL)
378cc40b 600
8c52afec 601
8e84507e 602/*
ccfc67b7 603=head1 Memory Management
604
a02a5408 605=for apidoc Am|void|Newx|void* ptr|int nitems|type
954c1994 606The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function.
607
c5008215 608In 5.9.3, Newx() and friends replace the older New() API, and drops
609the first parameter, I<x>, a debug aid which allowed callers to identify
37b8b4c9 610themselves. This aid has been superseded by a new build option,
c5008215 611PERL_MEM_LOG (see L<perlhack/PERL_MEM_LOG>). The older API is still
612there for use in XS modules supporting older perls.
613
a02a5408 614=for apidoc Am|void|Newxc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
954c1994 615The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function, with
c5008215 616cast. See also C<Newx>.
954c1994 617
a02a5408 618=for apidoc Am|void|Newxz|void* ptr|int nitems|type
954c1994 619The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<malloc> function. The allocated
c5008215 620memory is zeroed with C<memzero>. See also C<Newx>.
a02a5408 621
954c1994 622=for apidoc Am|void|Renew|void* ptr|int nitems|type
623The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function.
624
625=for apidoc Am|void|Renewc|void* ptr|int nitems|type|cast
626The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<realloc> function, with
627cast.
628
49b8b560 629=for apidoc Am|void|Safefree|void* ptr
954c1994 630The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<free> function.
631
632=for apidoc Am|void|Move|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
633The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memmove> function. The C<src> is the
634source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
635the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also C<Copy>.
636
e90e2364 637=for apidoc Am|void *|MoveD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
638Like C<Move> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
639optimise.
640
954c1994 641=for apidoc Am|void|Copy|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
642The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memcpy> function. The C<src> is the
643source, C<dest> is the destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is
644the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also C<Move>.
645
e90e2364 646=for apidoc Am|void *|CopyD|void* src|void* dest|int nitems|type
647
648Like C<Copy> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
649optimise.
650
954c1994 651=for apidoc Am|void|Zero|void* dest|int nitems|type
652
653The XSUB-writer's interface to the C C<memzero> function. The C<dest> is the
654destination, C<nitems> is the number of items, and C<type> is the type.
655
e90e2364 656=for apidoc Am|void *|ZeroD|void* dest|int nitems|type
657
658Like C<Zero> but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call
659optimise.
660
954c1994 661=for apidoc Am|void|StructCopy|type src|type dest|type
4375e838 662This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another.
954c1994 663
7e337ee0 664=for apidoc Am|void|PoisonWith|void* dest|int nitems|type|U8 byte
665
666Fill up memory with a byte pattern (a byte repeated over and over
667again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory.
668
669=for apidoc Am|void|PoisonNew|void* dest|int nitems|type
670
671PoisonWith(0xAB) for catching access to allocated but uninitialized memory.
672
1c12ffb4 673=for apidoc Am|void|PoisonFree|void* dest|int nitems|type
7e337ee0 674
675PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
676
9965345d 677=for apidoc Am|void|Poison|void* dest|int nitems|type
678
7e337ee0 679PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
9965345d 680
681=cut */
954c1994 682
561b68a9 683/* Maintained for backwards-compatibility only. Use newSV() instead. */
684#ifndef PERL_CORE
ff06c60c 685#define NEWSV(x,len) newSV(len)
561b68a9 686#endif
ff06c60c 687
19a94d75 688#define MEM_SIZE_MAX ((MEM_SIZE)~0)
689
2720f793 690/* The +0.0 in MEM_WRAP_CHECK_ is an attempt to foil
691 * overly eager compilers that will bleat about e.g.
692 * (U16)n > (size_t)~0/sizeof(U16) always being false. */
27d5b266 693#ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
fabdb6c0 694#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,PL_memory_wrap)
27d5b266 695#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a) \
19a94d75 696 (void)(sizeof(t) > 1 && ((MEM_SIZE)(n)+0.0) > MEM_SIZE_MAX/sizeof(t) && (Perl_croak_nocontext(a),0))
8b44ba4c 697#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
27d5b266 698
19a94d75 699#define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (Perl_croak_nocontext(PL_memory_wrap),0):0),((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
1936d2a7 700
27d5b266 701#else
702
410319be 703#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
704#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_1(n,t,a)
705#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_2(n,t,a,b)
8b44ba4c 706#define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t)
707
6fff79ce 708#define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) (((n-1+PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM)&~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM-1)))
27d5b266 709
1936d2a7 710#endif
8b44ba4c 711
fe4f188c 712#ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG
46c6c7e2 713/*
9f653bb5 714 * If PERL_MEM_LOG is defined, all Newx()s, Renew()s, and Safefree()s
46c6c7e2 715 * go through functions, which are handy for debugging breakpoints, but
716 * which more importantly get the immediate calling environment (file and
e352bcff 717 * line number, and C function name if available) passed in. This info can
718 * then be used for logging the calls, for which one gets a sample
719 * implementation if PERL_MEM_LOG_STDERR is defined.
3609ea0d 720 *
46c6c7e2 721 * Known problems:
722 * - all memory allocs do not get logged, only those
723 * that go through Newx() and derivatives (while all
724 * Safefrees do get logged)
725 * - __FILE__ and __LINE__ do not work everywhere
726 * - __func__ or __FUNCTION__ even less so
727 * - I think more goes on after the perlio frees but
728 * the thing is that STDERR gets closed (as do all
729 * the file descriptors)
730 * - no deeper calling stack than the caller of the Newx()
731 * or the kind, but do I look like a C reflection/introspection
732 * utility to you?
733 * - the function prototypes for the logging functions
734 * probably should maybe be somewhere else than handy.h
735 * - one could consider inlining (macrofying) the logging
736 * for speed, but I am too lazy
737 * - one could imagine recording the allocations in a hash,
738 * (keyed by the allocation address?), and maintain that
739 * through reallocs and frees, but how to do that without
740 * any News() happening...?
741 */
742
743Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_alloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
744
745Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_realloc(const UV n, const UV typesize, const char *typename, Malloc_t oldalloc, Malloc_t newalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
746
747Malloc_t Perl_mem_log_free(Malloc_t oldalloc, const char *filename, const int linenumber, const char *funcname);
748
fe4f188c 749#endif
750
751#ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG
46c6c7e2 752#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
753#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
754#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
fe4f188c 755#endif
756
757#ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
758#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a) (a)
759#endif
760#ifndef MEM_LOG_REALLOC
761#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) (a)
762#endif
763#ifndef MEM_LOG_FREE
764#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) (a)
765#endif
766
767#define Newx(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
768#define Newxc(v,n,t,c) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(c*)safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
3341f577 769#define Newxz(v,n,t) (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,(t*)safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
a6f6820f 770
771#ifndef PERL_CORE
a02a5408 772/* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
773#define New(x,v,n,t) Newx(v,n,t)
774#define Newc(x,v,n,t,c) Newxc(v,n,t,c)
4541904d 775#define Newz(x,v,n,t) Newxz(v,n,t)
a6f6820f 776#endif
a02a5408 777
ff68c719 778#define Renew(v,n,t) \
fe4f188c 779 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(t*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
ff68c719 780#define Renewc(v,n,t,c) \
fe4f188c 781 (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,(c*)saferealloc((Malloc_t)(v),(MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
94010e71 782
783#ifdef PERL_POISON
784#define Safefree(d) \
06c0cc96 785 ((d) ? (void)(safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d))), Poison(&(d), 1, Malloc_t)) : (void) 0)
94010e71 786#else
fe4f188c 787#define Safefree(d) safefree(MEM_LOG_FREE((Malloc_t)(d)))
94010e71 788#endif
55497cff 789
8b44ba4c 790#define Move(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
791#define Copy(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
792#define Zero(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
55497cff 793
8b44ba4c 794#define MoveD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
795#define CopyD(s,d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
e90e2364 796#ifdef HAS_MEMSET
8b44ba4c 797#define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
e90e2364 798#else
8b44ba4c 799/* Using bzero(), which returns void. */
800#define ZeroD(d,n,t) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)),d)
e90e2364 801#endif
802
7e337ee0 803#define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b) (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
804#define PoisonNew(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xAB)
805#define PoisonFree(d,n,t) PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xEF)
806#define Poison(d,n,t) PoisonFree(d,n,t)
27d5b266 807
2304df62 808#ifdef USE_STRUCT_COPY
ff68c719 809#define StructCopy(s,d,t) (*((t*)(d)) = *((t*)(s)))
bee1dbe2 810#else
811#define StructCopy(s,d,t) Copy(s,d,1,t)
812#endif
2cc61e15 813
622913ab 814#define C_ARRAY_LENGTH(a) (sizeof(a)/sizeof((a)[0]))
815
2cc61e15 816#ifdef NEED_VA_COPY
817# ifdef va_copy
818# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) va_copy(d, s)
2cc61e15 819# else
a1866d1b 820# if defined(__va_copy)
821# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) __va_copy(d, s)
822# else
823# define Perl_va_copy(s, d) Copy(s, d, 1, va_list)
824# endif
2cc61e15 825# endif
826#endif
827
472d47bc 828/* convenience debug macros */
829#ifdef USE_ITHREADS
830#define pTHX_FORMAT "Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
831#define pTHX__FORMAT ", Perl interpreter: 0x%p"
f54cb97a 832#define pTHX_VALUE_ (void *)my_perl,
833#define pTHX_VALUE (void *)my_perl
834#define pTHX__VALUE_ ,(void *)my_perl,
835#define pTHX__VALUE ,(void *)my_perl
472d47bc 836#else
3609ea0d 837#define pTHX_FORMAT
472d47bc 838#define pTHX__FORMAT
3609ea0d 839#define pTHX_VALUE_
472d47bc 840#define pTHX_VALUE
3609ea0d 841#define pTHX__VALUE_
472d47bc 842#define pTHX__VALUE
843#endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
3609ea0d 844
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